INS Functional Description

TRANSAS INS
(VERSION 1.11.002)
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Transas Ltd. June, 2007
2007 Transas Ltd. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is proprietary to Transas Ltd. and shall not be duplicated in whole or in part. The technical details contained in this manual are the best that are available at the date of issue but are subject to change without notice. Transas Ltd. pursues the policy of continuous development. This may lead to the product described in this manual being different from the product delivered after its publication. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
This document contains: Preamble .................................................................................................................... 3 Data Required for Handling This Description...........................................................5 List of Documents .....................................................................................................5 Printing House Conventions .....................................................................................5 Definitions and Abbreviations ...................................................................................6 Definitions ................................................................................................. 6 Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1. INS Concept ......................................................................................... 11 General....................................................................................................................13 INS Added Value in Comparison with Stand-Alone Equipment............................14 Concept of INS........................................................................................................15 Transas INS Category and Compliance with SOLAS............................. 15 Tasks Accomplished by INS ................................................................... 15 INS Structure........................................................................................... 15 Multifunctional Display ............................................................................ 17 Chapter 2. Operating Principles ........................................................................... 19 Physical Layout of INS Equipment.........................................................................21 Transas INS Start-Stop and Default Settings ........................................................22 Start System............................................................................................ 22 Stop System............................................................................................ 22 Transas Integrator...................................................................................................23 Four Main INS Tasks ..............................................................................................25 Purpose of Main Tasks Accomplished by the INS.................................. 25 Display of Navigational (Essential) Information ...................................... 26 Transas INS User Interface ....................................................................................28 User Interface Structure for Different Tasks ........................................... 28 User Interface Components .................................................................... 29 Abbreviations Used in the User Interface ............................................... 32 Use of Uniform Measurement Units........................................................ 33 Tasks Control Panels..............................................................................................34 ECDIS ..................................................................................................... 34 RADAR.................................................................................................... 38 CONNING ............................................................................................... 41 AMS ........................................................................................................ 46 WS Controls and Their Functions ..........................................................................48 Modes of Operation of the Tasks ...........................................................................50 ECDIS Master and Slave ........................................................................ 50 Radar Master and Slave ......................................................................... 51 Switching Bands on WS.......................................................................... 51 Integration................................................................................................................53 Essential information............................................................................... 53 Consistent Common Reference System................................................. 55 Integration of Tasks on the Bridge.......................................................... 56 Integration within One WS ...................................................................... 60 RADAR/ECDIS Interaction on One WS.................................................. 60 Reversionary Mode.................................................................................................61 Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality .... 61
TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description
Compensations for Navigational Data....................................................................63 Position Offset ......................................................................................... 63 Magnetic Compass.................................................................................. 63 Gyro......................................................................................................... 64 Draft......................................................................................................... 64 Radar Distance Measurement Errors...................................................... 65 Chapter 3. Alarm Management ............................................................................. 67 Display of Alarms and Warnings ............................................................................69 Alarm Acknowledgement ........................................................................................72 Description of AMS Task ........................................................................................74 AMS Screen ............................................................................................ 74 Alarms Panel ........................................................................................... 75 Warnings Panel ....................................................................................... 75 Alarms History Panel............................................................................... 76 Warnings History Panel........................................................................... 76 Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications .....77 Chapter 4. Quick Guidance on Transas INS Tasks............................................. 79 Handling of Chart Collection ...................................................................................81 Updating Licenses................................................................................... 81 Updating Charts....................................................................................... 82 To Acquire Targets..................................................................................................85 To Manually Acquire Targets for Tracking .............................................. 85 To Manually Cancel Tracked Targets ..................................................... 86 To Cancel All Tracked Targets in PPI Area ............................................ 88 Setting of Safety Parameters in Target Tracking (CPA/TCPA)............... 88 To Handle Ring Shaped Guard Zones.................................................... 89 Handling of Routes..................................................................................................93 Graphic Method of Route Creating.......................................................... 93 Loading Route ......................................................................................... 96 Setting of Safety Parameters in the Sailing Along the Route.................. 97 Selecting Sensors in Navigation Panel ..................................................................98 Setting Position Sources ......................................................................... 98 Setting Heading Source ........................................................................ 104 Setting Speed Sources.......................................................................... 104 Setting Depth Source ............................................................................ 105 Annex A .................................................................................................................. 107 Annex B .................................................................................................................. 117
PREAMBLE
Copyright Transas Ltd., 2007
Data Required for Handling This Description
DATA REQUIRED FOR HANDLING THIS DESCRIPTION

The aim of this book is to give the user some idea of the operating principles and algorithms of Transas INS.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description. Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Installation Guide. Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Utilities. Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). ECDIS. Transas INS (v. 1.11.002). Radar.
PRINTING HOUSE CONVENTIONS

Sample of notation Usage comments To highlight names of documents
TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). UTILITIES

WS Controls and Their Functions
To highlight sections of a document To highlight, in a printed document, user interface elements and the INS system objects To highlight messages, commands, files and other Windows OS information To highlight names of keyboard keys To highlight names of windows, pages, buttons, etc. To highlight menu items
Autoload *.lst <ALARM> Next TASKS LIST
Preamble
Definitions and Abbreviations
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Definitions
For the purpose of this standard the following definitions, apply: (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3). Other definitions not included in the IMO Resolution (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3) have been added: Added Value the functionality and information, that are provided by the INS, in addition to the requirements of the performance standard for the individual equipment; Accuracy the degree of conformance between the estimated or measured parameter value at a given time and its true parameter value at that time; Alarm an audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring immediate attention or user action; Announcement a visual or audible signal issued to the user by the system; Alarm Management the functions provided by an INS for harmonising, processing, monitoring and distributing audible and visual announcements and their acknowledgement, silencing and cancelling operations; the alarm management function administers different levels of announcements: alarms, warnings and indications; Conning Position position on the navigation bridge providing the applicable visibility according to SOLAS Ch. V, Reg. 22; Consistent Common Reference System (CCRS) a sub-system or function of an INS for acquisition, processing, storage and distribution of data and information providing identical and obligatory reference to sub-systems within an INS. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.2); the CCRS is the means to ensure that all parts of the INS use the same source and values for a specific type of system data and essential information, e.g. ownship position, speed through water, heading, time, etc.; Detected Hazards objects identified, e.g. by means of radar, RP, or AIS reported targets, that may endanger safe navigation; Entry Field an entry field is a location on a display for the input of data by the operator; the requested information is usually alphanumeric; Essential Information information required for the relevant functions of the specific INS; this includes as a minimum position, speed, heading and time; Expected Precision the deviation between the measured value and the true value that is normally not exceeded by a typical system; Functionality ability to perform an intended function; the activity of performing a function normally employs a system of displays, controls and instrumentation; Hazards objects, potentially leading to grounding or collision, that may be detected by a sensor, reported by communication devices, retrieved from a database or manually input and which are available to the INS; Indication a visual display of any message to gain the attention of the user; Inspection a visual check of the equipment or documentation; Integrated Navigation System a combination of systems or functions of navigational aids that are interconnected to increase safe and efficient navigation when used by suitably qualified personnel. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.3);
Known Hazards objects which may endanger safe navigation originating from navigational charts, nautical publications and other data sources e.g. AIS reported fixed hazards and Navtex; Latency time interval between an event and its result, including time for reception, processing, transmission and display; Leg the geographically defined line connecting two waypoints; Manufacturer the manufacturer is the organisation responsible for the production of all or some of the parts of the INS, including the responsibility that these parts meet their individual international standards; a manufacturer may also be the system integrator; Marking a visual or logical indication of the status of displayed or transferred information; Mode the setting of a group of parameters determining the behaviour (operational modes) or the Human Machine Interface (HMI) (display modes) or the control functions (control modes) of the equipment or its sensors; Mode Awareness the perception of the mariner regarding the currently active Modes of Control, Operation and Display of the INS including its subsystems, as supported by the presentations and indications at an INS display or workstation; Multifunction Display a single visual display unit that can present, either simultaneously or through a series of selectable pages, information from more than one operation of a system (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.5); Navigation navigation is the process of planning and executing the safe and expeditious voyage of a ship, and of monitoring and recording its performance; Navigational Aid a ship-borne device that complies with its relevant International Standard(s), e.g. instrument or chart, intended to assist in the navigation of a ship; Part an individual INS subsystem, equipment or functional module; Passage the process of navigating a ship through a certain area within a certain period of time and under certain environmental and legal circumstances; Performance Check a functional check to show that the system or component is still operational without investigating all details of its functionality; Plausibility the quality of being believable or trustworthy; Primary Navigation Data/Information data of own ships position, speed, heading, time and, in case of INS (B) and if available depth, provided by selected sensors, to be used in the system for processing the navigational information; Route representation of a voyage or passage geographically defined by a point of departure, a point of arrival and usually by intermediate waypoints; it may include time of departure and/or ships speed as well as parameters and limits for safe navigation such as off-track limit, turn radius, time references etc. and as defined in IMO Resolution A.893(21); Selected Route or Track the route or track which has been chosen for monitoring the performance of the navigation; the term track is typically used here by systems that have automatic track control capability; Sensor a navigational aid, with or without its own display and control as appropriate, automatically providing information to the INS. (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 3.6);
Preamble
Situation Awareness the perception of the mariner regarding the prevailing nautical situation and the currently active or available system resources, as supported by the presentations and indications at an INS display or workstation; situation Awareness includes Mode Awareness; System Data (SD) data that is used by the system for the processing and display of essential information. System data of the same type is from the same source. System data, at least for primary navigation information, has been checked for integrity; System Integrator the organisation responsible for ensuring that the INS complies with the requirements of this standard; Track geographical representation of the movement actually performed by the ship, or, in case of a track control system, the path (over ground) to be (automatically) followed; Validity the conformity of information with formal and logical criteria, or the marking of data as being good or no good (valid or invalid) for the intended use; Voyage the process of sailing a ship from one location to another; Warning a signal announcing a condition requiring non-immediate attention for precautionary reasons; Waypoint a geographically defined position used as reference for navigation along a leg, track or route; Workstation for INS or INS workstation workstation at which display or operator control functions are provided to meet the requirements of this Standard. An INS workstation need not be a physical part of the INS; it may just be the location where the necessary displays and controls are situated.
Abbreviations
AIS Automatic Identification System; AMS Alarm Monitoring System; ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; CCRP Consistent Common Reference Point; COG Course over Ground; DR Dead Reckoning; ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System; EPA Electronic Plotting Aid; EPFS Electronic Position Fixing System; GC Great Circle; GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System; HCS Heading Control System; HMI Human Machine Interface; IBS Integrated Bridge System; IMO International Maritime Organisation; IEC International Electrotechnical Commission; INS Integrated Navigation System; ISO International Organisation for Standardisation; MSC Marine Safety Committee; OOW Officer in Charge of the Navigational Watch (Officer of the Watch); PPI Plan Position Indicator; RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring; RL Rhumb Line; ROT Rate of Turn; RP Radar Plotting as Implemented in ARPA, ATA or EPA; SOG Speed over the Ground; SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea; TCS Track Control System; VDR Voyage Data Recorder; WS Work Station; XTD Cross Track Distance.
Preamble
CHAPTER 1
INS Concept
General
GENERAL
The purpose of an integrated navigation system (INS) is to provide added value to the functions and information needed by the officer in charge of the navigational watch (OOW) to plan, monitor or control the progress of the ship. The achievement of the following high-level requirements was the leading force for Transas INS product introduction and those are seen as added value of the INS: to create a navigator-friendly environment by providing flexible setup of tasks depending on particular bridge scenario; to ensure efficient decision support functionality by providing composite displays according to IEC62288 in addition to regular equipment conventional displays required by carriage requirements and individual equipment Performance Standards; to minimise the time required to perform navigation related routines by providing enhanced level of functional integration of navigational data, databases, and ships particulars as well as by providing optimal and unambiguous human machine interface (HMI); less time system requires from the operator to run the better; to ensure intelligent and efficient alarm management to support safe level of situation awareness for the navigator and at the same time to reduce workload and stress resulted from non-synchronized alarm generation from individual equipment as much as possible; to ensure navigational data integrity checks as required by IEC61924; to ensure proper data management for sensor and static data which is in use in navigation equipment; to ensure additional level of redundancy for functions required by IMO carriage requirements and additional Class rules by providing multifunctional workstations with flexible setup as well as enhanced interconnection capability; to ensure compliance of the integrated system with IMO carriage requirements and additional Class requirements as applicable.
Chapter 1. INS Concept
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INS Added Value in Comparison with Stand-Alone Equipment
INS ADDED VALUE IN COMPARISON WITH STAND-ALONE EQUIPMENT

The INS provides the following added value: sensor dataflow redundancy chain: double network functionality; Input/Output data via Com ports using Data Multiplicator or Multi Port cards. processing of all Primary data (position, speed, heading, depth, time) via Common Consistent Reference System (CCRS); provides INS with system data after CCRS; integrated Alarm Monitoring System (AMS); synchronisation of databases on: charts, chart objects correction, manual correction, Navtex database and routes; advanced Fallback functionality in case of workstation/task failure; advanced Fallback functionality in case of navigational sensor failure; support of essential information availability through the use of appropriate fallback arrangements; distribution of radar pictures from all available radars within INS; hand over/take over of radar master rights (on workstations where RADAR task is installed by means of SW interswitch); flexible configuration depending on the scenario (navigation or docking).
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Concept of INS
CONCEPT OF INS
Transas INS Category and Compliance with SOLAS
Transas INS includes and supports the following functions: ECDIS; Back Up ECDIS (in case of two or more stations); Radar/ARPA X band (option); Radar/ARPA S band (option, configurable to X band, in case of two or more stations); Alarm Monitoring System; Display of NavTex messages (option); Conning display (option); SPOS Weather Module (option).
Tasks Accomplished by INS

Transas Integrated Navigation System supports operation with up to 5 navigational stations in the network. 6 tasks can be operated in the navigational station as shown in the block diagram INS. Structure (see below): ECDIS, Radar, Conning, Alarm Monitoring System, Chart Assistant, Play Back. The active task is displayed on the monitor and can be promptly switched to another, except for the Playback, Update License or System Configuration applications. Software of all the navigational systems and the data (electronic charts) are protected from unauthorised external access with a special instrument (Transas Integrator). Conning Display function is a performed by the Transas Navi-Conning 4000 application and a set of analog to digital WAGO converters. Alarm Monitoring System is provided by the dedicated program, which tracks alarms from all the tasks on all the workstation, INS on the whole and external alarm sources. NavTex display function is performed by ECDIS application and any approved GMDSS NavTex with NMEA output, compatible with IEC 61097-6 (Ed. 2, 2005-12) standard.
INS Structure
Transas INS design is based on 3 levels of components or systems connected: sensors; connectivity, processing and Human-Machine Interface; control systems.
INS is a hard- and software system consisting of (up to) 5 workstations and two radar scanners (see below diagram INS. Structure). Besides, connected to each workstation is the minimum number of sensors enabling this stations operation in the stand-alone mode (see below diagram INS. Backup Structure). Sensors and control systems are not normally part of INS but are only connected equipment with none or minimal modification in order to ensure proper integration.
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For redundancy it is recommended to connect sensors from GPS, Gyro, Log to all Workstations via NMEA Distributor
Fig. 1. Transas INS Structure
Concept of INS
Multifunctional Display
Each workstation included in the INS supports multi-task capability. Typical complete INS configuration:
No 1 Workstation WS 1 Main task RADAR Master X-band radar Additional Tasks Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant Slave Radar X&S band Conning Alarm Monitoring System Configuration display Chart Assistant Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Alarm Monitoring System Chart Assistant Configuration display SPOS Weather Module
WS 2
Conning/Alarm panel Multifunctional workstation
WS 3
RADAR Master S-band Multifunctional workstation
WS 4
ECDIS Master Multifunctional workstation
WS 5
Route Planning Station Multifunctional workstation
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CHAPTER 2
Operating Principles
Physical Layout of INS Equipment
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF INS EQUIPMENT

The INS is designed and implemented so that the OOW easily operates basic functions. The physical layout is provided below:
The following tasks can be installed on the workstations (Network configuration):

Workstation WS 1 WS 2 Main task Master Station for X-band radar Conning/Multifunctional workstation Additional Tasks Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System Slave Radar X&S band Conning Alarm Monitoring System Chart Assistant Slave Radar X&S band Backup ECDIS Conning Chart Assistant Alarm Monitoring System SPOS Weather Module Monitor size 19 or 23 inches 19 inches
WS 3
Master Station for S-band radar/ Multifunctional workstation
19 or 23 inches
WS 4
ECDIS Master/ Multifunctional workstation
19 inches
WS 5
Route Planning Station/ Multifunctional workstation
19 inches
Chapter 2. Operating Principles
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Transas INS Start-Stop and Default Settings
TRANSAS INS START-STOP AND DEFAULT SETTINGS

Start System
WS is started by pressing On/Off button on its console.
After that the WS screen will display the Transas Integrator window. It is advisable to run the following applications at the workstations:
Workstation WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 INS Task RADAR X-band MASTER CONNING RADAR S-band MASTER ECDIS MASTER ECDIS SLAVE
After the start, the default task should be run at each WS. If during the operation MASTER rights were given over to other WSs, upon the re-start, default configuration will be set. Then, on all the WSs any task (see paragraph Multifunctional Display) can be run at the operator option.
Stop System
To turn off the WS by standard procedure, press red button of Transas Integrator (see the following item) in the left bottom corner of the screen. The operator is then required to confirm his/her decision to turn the WS off:
After the confirmation, the keyboard is locked, and the system closes all the operating programs and services in a standard manner:
The WS is then turned off with On/Off button on the console.
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Transas Integrator
TRANSAS INTEGRATOR
Transas Integrator software facility is intended for: protecting access to Windows XP resources; running manually the tasks included in the Transas INS.
To call Transas Integrator window click the task buttons on ES3 keyboard (<A>, <B> or <Ctrl>+<Alt>+<I>). The menu allows tasks to be run. Some tasks required input of a password and area accessible for the system engineer only. The main tasks are marked off with a brighter background. Transas Integrator allows running the following tasks: Turning the WS off (see the previous item); Restart the WS; Task Manager (accessible to the system engineer only); the task allows use of standard Windows XP applications; ECDIS; RADAR; CONNING; AMS; Playback; the task allows reproducing information archived by the ECDIS task; System Configuration (accessible to the system engineer only); the task is intended for the connection of external devices, Transas INS configuring and setup;
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Transas Integrator
Chart Assistant; the task enables electronic chart handling; First Aid; the task is intended for the Transas INS troubleshooting; Data Tool; the task is intended for handling files used for the Transas INS operation; Datum Converter; the task is intended for converting geographic coordinates to WGS 84 datum; Colour Diagrams; the task is intended for calibrating the monitors main colour palette; Navi-Conning Setup; the task is intended for CONNING task settings; Navi-Conning Restore; the task is intended for restore default CONNING task configuration; USB Eject; SPOS; the task allows receive a weather forecasts, process it and used them in the INS; Licence Update; this wizard is intended for updating the product license.
For more detailed description of the task, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). UTILITIES document.
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Four Main INS Tasks
FOUR MAIN INS TASKS

Purpose of Main Tasks Accomplished by the INS
Each workstation included in the Transas INS can perform four main tasks: ECDIS; RADAR; CONNING; AMS.
The main purpose of the ECDIS task is to: display on the electronic charts; display the ship position on the electronic chart; monitoring of approach to the dangers to navigation plotted on electronic vector charts or on user chart created by navigator; route planning and drawing up the schedule of proceeding along this route; solution of various kinds of navigational tasks (Navtex database, Tide & Currents database, SAR routes).
The main purpose of the RADAR task is to monitor surroundings on the PPI by using the radar signals, acquisition and tracking ARPA targets. The PPI can also display information on targets received from AIS and electronic charts under the ship position. The main purpose of the CONNING task is to display the information required for navigation and manoeuvring. The main purpose of the AMS task is to accumulate and display alarms (warnings) in the INS on the whole. This task also shows which WS or task has generated the alarm (warning) and the alarms (warnings) generation history. After the start, each WS runs its own default task (see paragraph INS Start-Stop and Default Settings), but as the WS supports multi-task capability, the user can select any task (see paragraph Multifunctional Display). Tasks can be equally well switched and started from ES3 keyboard (only ECDIS, RADAR and CONNING), Transas Integrator utility and from any running task (see paragraph WS Controls and Their Functions). All the tasks use identical task-switching user interface implemented as buttons with task names.
ECDIS Radar
Conning
AMS
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Four Main INS Tasks
Display of Navigational (Essential) Information

General
The main navigational information implies the following data: Time; Position; COG; SOG; Heading; Speed (STW).
This data is supplied to the Transas INS by the relevant sensors and is displayed in the three main tasks. Provided below is a table which shows layout of navigational information in all the three main Transas INS tasks.
ECDIS In the top part of the control panel Radar On panels to the left of PPI Conning In the top part of the control panel
If the data was not supplied, or has not passed appropriate checks, it is displayed in accordance with the algorithms described below. The following possible cases can be singled out: data from sensor is not available or the checksum is incorrect; data has not passed validity, plausibility checks.
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Four Main INS Tasks
No Input, No Data or Corrupted Checksum Situation

Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour in the absence of data on the own ship position: No information is supplied by the sensor, or the sentences have an incorrect checksum (if the sentences have an incorrect checksum, they are not processed, i.e. they are considered to be absent).
Time T<10 sec T10 sec Chart display Ship symbol and vectors in ordinary colour The ship symbol freezes in the last calculated data. No motion vector is displayed. The ship symbol turns red and flickers The sensor name is shown in red, data is shows as red coloured * symbols: System data/GUI display Alarm None SENS Prim sensor: no Input
Some information is supplied from the sensor, but no data required for the indicator in question is received (e.g. the necessary fields in a sentence are empty).
Time T<10 sec T10 sec Chart display Ship symbol and vectors in ordinary colour The ship symbol freezes in the last calculated data. No motion vector is displayed. The ship symbol turns red and flickers The sensor name is shown in red, data is shown as red coloured * symbols: System data/GUI display Alarm None SENS Prim posn: no data
With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display on the chart panel. This also refers to the sensors, which transmit non-essential data, too: water temperature; wind direction and speed.
Data Has Not Passed Validity or Plausibility Check

Described below, as an example, is the system behaviour for the own ship position data: If validity check is not passed:
Time T<10 sec T10 sec Chart display Ship symbol and vectors in ordinary colour The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured symbols: System data/GUI display Alarm No SENS Prim posn invalid
If plausibility check is not passed:

Time T<10 sec T10 sec Chart display Ship symbol and vectors in ordinary colour The ship symbol turns red Data is shown as red coloured * symbols: System data/GUI display Alarm No SENS Prim posn invalid
With other sensors, the system behaves in much the same way except for the display on the chart panel.
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Transas INS User Interface
TRANSAS INS USER INTERFACE

User Interface Structure for Different Tasks
The use interface for all the tasks has the same structure, which allows easy navigation in selecting necessary information and performing operations within the tasks. Shown schematically below are user interfaces of the four main tasks: In the ECDIS task, to enable the display of electronic charts and associated information, Main and Dual panels are used. The essential and other data and control tools are arranged on the Control Panel. The rest of information and functionality for the control of the ECDIS environment is contained on functional panels. The panel layout can be presented diagrammatically as shown below:
For the detailed description of all the ECDIS task panels, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS. The RADAR task screen consists of the Display Panel and Control Panel. The Display Panel contains PPI and panels with essential and other information. The data and control tools are arranged on the Control Panel. Diagrammatically, the layout of panels can be shown as follows:
For the detailed description of all the RADAR task panels, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR. The CONNING task provides NavData Screen View, which represents a set of indicators displaying the input parameters on the WS monitor screen. Depending on the ambient light, the CONNING task offers the selection of screen palettes (Day/Dusk):
For the detailed description of all the CONNING task panels, see section
CONNING.
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The AMS task screen consists of the Main Information Area and Control Panel. Diagrammatically, the layout of panels can be shown as follows:
For the detailed description of all the AMS task panels, see chapter Alarm Management in Description of AMS Task section.
User Interface Components

Panels
There is direct access to panels from each task. For the both tasks, this is primarily the Control Panel, which shows operational information and contains the most important task controls. In ECDIS task, apart from the Control Panel there are 12 functional panels, each designed for its special purpose within the ECDIS task:
Panels (except the Control Panel) are switched with tabs in the bottom part of the screen. RADAR task, in addition to the Control Panel, has 4 panels with operational information around the PPI border:
In AMS task presents 4 panels in addition to the Control Panel. These panels are used for the indication of the Transas INS alarms, warnings and their history:
Panels (except the Control Panel) are switched with tabs in the bottom part of the screen.
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Pages
If functionality, which the panel is intended for, is rather extensive, for the convenience sake it is divided into pages. The purpose of pages corresponds to the individual tasks within the panel functionality. Panels are divided into pages in the ECDIS task only. They are switched by using tabs in the top part of the panel, which they belong to. Shown below is Navigation panel with pages intended for selection of essential information sensors: Ship Position, Heading, Speed and Echosounder:
Control Panel Windows

The Control Panel consists of windows. Each window serves for the display of some operational information, or contains the most frequently used task controls. Graphically, windows are divided with special lines. The sample below shows some Control Panel windows of the main tasks.
ECDIS Radar
Conning
AMS
ECDIS and RADAR Control Panels have Multi Panel window, which allows setting different panels serving for accomplishment of operational tasks. Panels are selected from the pull-down list opened by pressing the button with the name of the currently set panel.
ECDIS Radar
For the detailed description of each panel, see documents TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS and TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.
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List Box Menu

The list box menus serve for selecting the necessary name or value from the list. The list box menus have a form with a button with an arrow. A press on the button opens up a menu which the selection is made from. The selected name or value is shown on the button after the menu is closed:
Text Boxes
Text boxes are used for entering values or names:
Input of names is made from ES3 keyboard. Values can be entered from the keyboard or by using the trackball. The trackball motion in the vertical direction produces fast change of a value in the text box, whereas the horizontal motion results in much slower change. In some text boxes, all you have to do after the input of the necessary value is press the left trackball button for the program to accept the entered value. In other text boxes, to exit from the input mode it will be necessary to press the right trackball button and confirm the entered value:
Buttons
Buttons are designed for activating some functions. If a button is greyed, the operation of the corresponding function is not available in the mode in question. Buttons may be of the following types:
Button pressed Push-to-lock buttons Button released Button greyed
Buttons without locking
If to be turned on, certain functionality needs input of a parameter value, which will be monitored, the button will be greyed until this parameter is value is entered.
Parameter value is not entered Parameter value is entered, the function us not switched on Function is switched on
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Radio Buttons
These buttons serve for selecting one function only from the offered set:
Indicators
Indicators show a level for the value set by using the buttons placed next to them:
Progress Bars
The progress bars show the degree to which the program has completed the operation run by the user:
Abbreviations Used in the User Interface

All the Transas INS tasks use the same abbreviations:
Abbreviation AIS ARPA BRG BTW C Up COG CPA CSE DR DTW DTWOL ENC ETA Full Name Automatic Identification System Automatic Radar Plotting Aid Bearing Bearing to Way Point Course Up Course Over Ground Closest Point of Approach Course Over the Water Dead Reckoning Distance to Way Point Distance to Wheel over Line Electronic Navigational Chart Estimated Time of Arrival Abbreviation HDG LOG (DLOG) N Up POSN PS PTA RAD RM RNG ROT SOG STG STW Full Name Heading Log (Doppler Log) North Up Position Positioning System Planning Time of Arrival Radius Relative Motion Range Rate Of Turn Speed Over Ground Speed To Go Speed Through the Water
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Abbreviation EBL ER ECHO GPS (DGPS)
Full Name Electronic Bearing Line Echo Reference Echosounder Global Positioning System (Differential Global Positioning System) Gyrocompass Guard Zone Head Up
Abbreviation TCPA TM TTG VRM
Full Name Time to Closest Point of Approach True Motion Time To Go Variable Range Marker
GYRO GZ H Up
WP XTD
Way Point Cross Track Distance
Use of Uniform Measurement Units

The Transas INS uses a common system for measuring all the values in all the tasks. Measurement units are set by default and cannot be changed by the operator. The following units and their shortened names are used:
Physical Value Distance Direction Speed Depth/Height Draught Wind speed Temperature Measurement Units Nautical miles Degrees Knots Meters Meters Meters per second Degrees Abbreviation nm kn m m m/s
The Transas INS uses geographic coordinates calculated on the basis of WGS 84 datum only.
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Tasks Control Panels
TASKS CONTROL PANELS

ECDIS
ATTENTION!
For detailed description of all the ECDIS task elements, see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS. The ECDIS Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the ECDIS screen. In addition, all the displayed windows can be moved (by dragging them with the cursor or by double clicking the left trackball/mouse button in the window area) onto the chart panel. To return the window to its place, press button. If the Control Panel does not contain any windows, the area is filled with chart information.
Applications Window
Applications window is intended for loading/switching Transas INS applications: ECDIS to turn on/switch to the ECDIS task; Radar to turn on/switch to the RADAR task; Conning to turn on/switch to the CONNING task; AMS to turn on/switch to the AMS task.
Sensors and Network Window
Sensors and Network window is intended for the display of information from different sources. The window contains the following controls: TX-1 to select a scanner which the radar picture is supplied by; Overlay to turn on display of radar overlay information on electronic chart in ECDIS; ARPA to turn on display of information on targets processed by the ARPA; AIS to turn on display of AIS targets; MASTER to display the station status in the network, and in the case of Master status, also the transfer of rights to other stations in the network.
Alarms Window
Alarms window is intended for displaying the alarms and their status. The window contains the following units: SENS alarm source; LOG: no input alarm name.
For more detailed description of the alarms display, see chapter Alarm Management.
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Warnings Window
Warnings window is intended for displaying the warnings and their status. The window contains the following units: CHART warning source; Look up better chart warning name.
Time Window
Time window is intended for the display of the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time. To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released):
The window contains the following elements: UTC/Ship information on which time is currently displayed; 00:00 W/E time zone or the difference between the ship time and UTC (not displayed if UTC is selected); the format is hh:mm; 01-01-01 display of the current date according to the selected time type; the format is dd-mm-yy; 00:00:00 display of the current time; the format is hh:mm:ss.
Primary Window
Primary window is intended for the display of the primary positioning system and coordinates obtained from it. For the principles of displaying primary positioning data see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information:
The position source is specified in the left bottom part of the window. As a free cursor is positioned on the position source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:
In case of GPS work in differential mode, the prefix D is added before its name:
If there is an offset to the ship position coordinates, the window displays corrected coordinates and a special symbol: the red triangle. As a free cursor is positioned on this triangle, the correction value is displayed on the pop-up prompt window.
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Secondary Window
Secondary window is intended for the display of the secondary positioning system, and of the bearing and range to the position obtained for the Primary positioning system. For the principles of displaying secondary positioning system data see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information:
The position source is specified in the right part of the window. As a free cursor is positioned on the position source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:
In case of GPS work in differential mode, the prefix D is added before its name:
If there is an offset to the ship position coordinates, the window displays corrected coordinates and a special symbol: the red triangle. As a free cursor is positioned on this triangle, the correction value is displayed on the pop-up prompt window.
COG\SOG\HDG\STW Window
COG\SOG\HDG\STW window is designed for the display of ship motion parameters. The panel displays the following parameters: HDG course from gyrocompass; STW ship speed through the water.
Note: Only longitudinal part if DLOG selected. COG ship course over the ground; SOG ship speed over the ground.
Note: Calculated part (longitudinal and transversal) if DLOG selected.
The data source is specified to the right of the own ship motion parameter name: GYRO1 gyrocompass with a digital input, its number specified; GPS1 GPS (DGPS), its number specified; ER echo reference mode; DR dead reckoning mode; MAN manual input; LOG1 log (Speed Through Water) with a digital output, its number specified; DLOG1 Doppler log, its number specified; NONE no source available.
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As a free cursor is positioned on the source name, the source alias entered in the System Configuration utility is displayed on the pop-up prompt window:
Information.
For the data display principles see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential)
Charts Area Window
Charts Area window is designed for the adjustment of the chart display on the chart panel: Chart number to call a menu with a list of charts under the ship position (if the ship symbol is displayed on the chart) or the list of all the charts available in the ship folio; shown on the button is the current chart number; 1:75,000 to call a menu listing fixed scale values; the button shows the current screen scale; Autoload to turn on the function for the automatic loading of charts. there is an indicator to the right of the button: ON the function is turned on (Autoload button is greyed); OFF the function is turned off; FIX to fix the current chart. Man. Corr. to turn on the display of the updating layer; the display is ON if the button is pressed, OFF if released; if the button is greyed, there are no updating objects on the chart.
Display Panel Window
Display Panel window is intended for the display of various data types. The window consists of eleven displays, which are selected from the list opened by pressing the button with the name of one of displays in the top part of the window. Button to the right of Display Panel window is intended for displaying additional Display Panel window on the ECDIS task chart panel. The system enables simultaneous independent operation with information displays selected in both windows. For more detailed description see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.
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Operational Panel Window

The window contains the following functional buttons: Tasks List to display a list of functional panels; functional panels are displayed when the appropriate menu lines are selected; Event to make a manual entry of data in the electronic ship logbook for the current moment, and to place a special mark on the ownship track; Vectors to call a menu for setting the lengths of the own ship and target motion vectors; Fixed option allows a constant vector length to be set (in proportion to the screen size), the rest by the set time value (in minutes, 124 min).
Lower Data Group

Lower Data group includes: Depth in meters information on the depth measurement units used in the ECDIS task; WGS-84 to warn that the ECDIS uses charts based on WGS-84 datum; Show to turn on/off the constant display of the Control Panel.
RADAR
ATTENTION!
For detailed description of all the RADAR task elements see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR. The RADAR Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the RADAR screen and cannot be moved by the user to another place on the screen.
Applications Window
Applications window is intended for loading/switching INS applications: ECDIS to turn on/switch to the ECDIS task; Radar to turn on/switch to the RADAR task; Conning to turn on/switch to the CONNING task; AMS to turn on/switch to the AMS task.
Sensors Window
Sensors window is intended for the on-PPI display of information from different sources used in the RADAR task. The window contains the following units: TX-1 to select a scanner which the radar picture is supplied by; CHART to turn on display of information from electronic chart; ARPA to turn on display of information on targets processed by the ARPA; AIS to turn on display of AIS targets.
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Alarms Window
Warnings Window
Warnings window is intended for displaying the warnings and their status. The window contains the following units: RADAR warning source; Chart inaccessible warning name.
Vectors Window
Vectors window is intended for turning on the display of targets motion vectors. The window contains the following items: T VECT to turn on the display of own ship and targets true motion vectors; R VECT to turn on the display of targets relative motion vectors; to set pre-calculation time for the target motion vectors.
Safety Parameters Window

Safety Parameters window is intended for set CPA and TCPA values: CPA to set the minimum CPA distance; TCPA to set the minimum time to the closest point of approach.
Note: An appropriate alarm will be triggered off if both, CPA and TCPA become smaller than the set values at the same time.
Targets Trails Window

Targets Trails window is intended for turning on the display of targets tracks. The window contains the following items: RELATIVE TRAILS to turn on the display of radar trails (afterglow) True or Relative; to set afterglow time for the display of echo trails.
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Target Past Position Window
Target Past Position window is intended for turning on on-PPI display of previous target position points. The plot interval of the targets past positions is selected from the drop-down list to the right.
Accumulation Window
Accumulation window is intended for setting video signal accumulation level (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR chapter Operating Principles section Radar Features paragraph Accumulation).
Multi Panel Window
Multi Panel window is intended for displaying various kinds of data and the RADAR task control. Multi Panel window includes 9 panels, which are selected from the pop-up list by pressing the button (with the name of one of the panels). For more detailed description see TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR.
Cursor Position Window
Cursor Position window is intended for display cursor position. The window contains the following items: T BRG bearing to the cursor position; RNG distance to the cursor position.
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Note: Letter before the notation BRG stands for the bearing displayed: T true bearing in the true motion mode and in the relative motion mode with North and Course Up orientation; R relative bearing in the relative motion more with Head Up orientation. LAT cursor position latitude; LON cursor position longitude.
EBLVRM Window
EBL-VRM window is intended for turning on and adjusting two independent electronic measurement tools. The window contains the following units: EBL 1(2) to turn on EBL 1(2) true or relative (shown on the PPI as a solid line); VRM 1(2) to turn on VRM 1(2) (shown on the PPI as a solid circle); OFF SET to turn on the shift of EBL/VRM 1 reference point; Fixed to fix EBL/VRM 1 reference point relative to the ground (operates in the OFFSET mode only).
EBL(VRM) 1 is shown on the PPI as a solid line, EBL(VRM) 2 is shown on the PPI as a dashed line.
CONNING
The CONNING Control Panel consists of Nav.Data Screen View, consisting of 13 windows.
STW Window
STW window is intended for the graphic/digital display speed through the water. If DLOG is selected as speed source (VBW sentence is outputted to the INS), the longitudinal component of the STW will be displayed in the windows center, as well as bow and stern transverse components of the STW.
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SOG Window
SOG window is intended for the graphic/digital display speed over ground. If DLOG is selected as speed source (VBW sentence is outputted to the INS) the longitudinal component of the STW will be displayed in the windows center, as well as bow and stern transverse components of the STW.
Wind Window
Wind window is intended for the vector/digital display of the wind speed and direction. Switching between true and relative wind representation is performed by means of the respective buttons. Wind vectors are shown on the CONNING task screen in accordance with its designation on the traditional sea weather charts (see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS, chapter Operating Principles, section Information Sensors, paragraph Wind Interface).
Drift/Set Window
Drift/Set window is intended for the digital display of drift characteristics (direction and speed). The drift characteristics (direction and speed) are determined by Transas INS software as the difference of COG-SOG and HDG-STW vectors (see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS, chapter Operating Principles, section Calculation Methods, paragraph Drift Calculations in the ECDIS Task).
Heading Window
Heading window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the ship heading.
ROT Window
ROT window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the ship rate of turn.
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Depth Below Keel Window
Depth Below Keel window is intended for the graphic/digital display of the depth from the Echosounder. Current depth value is represented in the Depth window. Safety Depth value selected in ECDIS task (Sounder Depth on page Navigational Alarms of the Monitoring panel) is displayed in Level (ECDIS) window. Depth alteration along the time scale is represented on the echogram. Safety depth is shown as a red line. Echograms depth scale is selected automatically. In this case, the maximum depth from the depth scale is assigned with the maximum depth value obtained by the Echosounder and multiplied by 1.2. As a new maximum value is received, the echogram is re-drawn to take into account a new maximum depth.
Applications, Alarms and Warnings Window
Applications window is intended for loading/switching INS applications and for displaying the alarm and warning status. The window contains the following units: ECDIS to turn on/switch to the ECDIS task; Radar to turn on/switch to the RADAR task; Conning to turn on/switch to the CONNING task; AMS to turn on/switch to the AMS task; ALARMS to switch to the Alarms page of the AMS task; depending on the availability and status of alarms, the button has the following notations: Unacknowledged there is at least one unacknowledged alarm; Existing Alarms all the alarms are acknowledged; No new alarms there are no alarms. WARNINGS to switch to the Warnings page of the AMS task. Depending on the availability and status of warnings, the button has the following notations: Unacknowledged there is at least one unacknowledged warning; Existing Warnings all the warnings are acknowledged; No new warnings there are no warnings. For more detailed description of the alarms display, see chapter Alarm Management.
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Time Window
Time window is intended for the display the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time. To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released). The window contains the following elements: UTC/Ship information on which time is currently displayed; 01-01-01 display of the current date according to the selected time type; the format is dd-mm-yy; 00:00:00 display of the current time; the format is hh:mm:ss.
Position Source Window
Position source window is intended for the display of the primary positioning system source name and used datum.
Position Window
Position window is intended for the display of the coordinates obtained from primary positioning system. For the principles of displaying primary positioning system data see section Four Main INS Tasks, paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information.
COG/SOG/HDG Window
COG\SOG\HDG\STW window is designed for the display of ship motion parameters. The panel displays the following parameters: HDG course from gyrocompass; COG ship course over the ground; SOG ship speed over the ground.
Note: Calculated part (longitudinal and transversal) if DLOG selected.
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Route Window
Route window is intended for displaying graphically the ship position on the current leg of the monitored route, monitoring route name and its parameters. The window contains the following elements: WP name name of the current WP which the ship is proceeding to; To WP number of the current WP which the ship is proceeding to; Next WP number of the next WP; Track Course direction of the monitored route leg which the ship is proceeding by if the leg is of RL type; or the current course in case of the GC leg; Distance to WP distance to the current WP; Bearing to WP bearing to the current WP; Time to Go time to go to the current waypoint calculated with regard to the actual speed (SOG).
Ships position on the leg of monitored route is represented in the bottom of a window. XTD is shown on the image with red (port side) and green (starboard) lines. When displayed on the picture, the ship contour is always aligned with the ship gyro heading. The vector with an arrow is aligned with COG. With XTD of not more than 3 cb, the ship symbol in the 6 cb wide corridor, and the current route leg segment with 3 nm in perspective are displayed. Alignment is with the current leg of the monitored route:
With DTW value equal to or less than 3 nm, the next WP is shown on the display. It starts moving in the direction of ship symbol with DTW value equal to 0.5 nm. Alignment is with the current leg of the monitored route:
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With XTD of more than 3 cb, or of the ship symbol deviates from the current route leg to more than 90 degrees, the ship symbol is shown on the grey coloured field. The orange coloured line on the indicator corresponds to BTW direction. Alignment is with COG.
Arrow indicator shows ships direction related to the leg of monitored route.
AMS
ATTENTION!
For detailed description of all the AMS task elements see paragraph Description of AMS Task. The AMS Control Panel consists of a number of windows. Windows are displayed in the right-hand part of the AMS screen and cannot be moved by the user to another place on the screen.
Applications Window
Applications window is intended for loading/switching INS tasks: ECDIS to turn on/switch to the ECDIS task; Radar to turn on/switch to the RADAR task; Conning to turn on/switch to the CONNING task; AMS to turn on/switch to the AMS task.
Time Window
Time window is intended for the display of the current time. There may be two types of time values in the window: UTC and ship time:
To switch between them, press the button with a picture of the clock face (ship time if the button is pressed, UTC if it is released). The window contains the following elements: UTC/Ship information on which time is currently displayed; 00:00 W/E time zone or the difference between the ship time and UTC (not displayed if UTC is selected); the format is hh:mm; 01-01-01 display of the current date according to the selected time type; the format is dd-mm-yy; 00:00:00 display of the current time; the format is hh:mm:ss.
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Alarms Window
Warnings Window
Warnings window is intended for displaying the warnings and their status. The window contains the following units: CHART warning source; Look up better chart warning name.
Palette Window
Palette window is intended for selecting the screen colour palette to suit the outside illumination: Daylight; Twilight; Dusk night with moon; Night moonless night; Dusk inverted night with moon (Control Panel text inverse colour); Night inverted moonless night (Control Panel text inverse colour).
Exit Window
Exit window is intended for exit from AMS task.
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WS CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Function Ownship motion modes Ownship presentation modes Zoom In ES3 Keyboard ECDIS Radar Conning N/A
N/A
N/A
Zoom Out EBL
N/A
N/A
VRM
N/A
Ahead
N/A
Palette
Alarm A press on the button results in switching to the Alarms panel of the AMS task Event N/A N/A
Overlay
N/A
N/A
Targets
N/A
Standard Display
N/A
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Function Show All Layers
ES3 Keyboard
ECDIS
Radar
Conning N/A
Tasks MOB N/A N/A
Gain
N/A
Sea
N/A
Rain
N/A
Exit
N/A
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Modes of Operation of the Tasks
MODES OF OPERATION OF THE TASKS

ECDIS Master and Slave
ECDIS tasks on different workstations in the INS have different task control privileges. Within the INS there is always one station only, which has a full control of the ECDIS task. This station has MASTER status. ECDIS task control capabilities from other stations are limited. These stations have SLAVE status. Functions available from the station with MASTER status only: selection of essential data sources (Position, HDG, STW, COG/SOG, Depth); setting position offset, gyro error, magnetic variation, ships draft; setting time zone and its change time; setting navigation alarm parameters, and turning these alarms on: Navigation danger (alarm and parameter); Safety Contour (alarm and parameter); Sounder Depth (alarm and parameter); Anchor Watch (alarm and parameter); Safety Contour (value in metres); Safety Depth; Approach to Area (value in minutes); Shallow Contour (parameter); Deep Contour (parameter); Area warnings. loading monitored route and schedule; setting the following route components for monitoring: Next WP; Arrival circle; Radius. setting parameters for alarms connected with motion along the route according to a schedule, and turning these alarms on: Off Chart; End of Route; Out of Schedule (in minutes); WP Approach (in minutes); Off leg course (in degrees); Out of XTD. setting of time zone and its change time; setting time-related alarms: End of Watch; Timer off. sending AIS messages (AIS Control); seetrac sensor control.
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Radar Master and Slave

RADAR tasks on different WSs within the INS have different scanner control rights. For each band (X-band and S-band), the INS always has one station only, which controls the scanner in this band. This station has MASTER status. Other station has no scanner control capabilities. These stations have SLAVE status. Scanner control functions available from the station with MASTER status only: switching the scanner to/from the transmission mode (TX/STBY); switching the outgoing pulse length (LP, MP, SP); switching range scales; tuning the scanner receivers and turning AutoTUNE mode on; turning on Performance Monitor mode; setting Bearing/Distance offset; setting Blank sectors.
RADAR tasks may simultaneously have SLAVE status for both, X-band and S-band. For more detailed description see item Switching Bands on WS.
Switching Bands on WS
Current version of Transas INS is capable of running two scanners simultaneously. On the stations with SLAVE status, the radar picture band is switched from Control Panel of RADAR and ECDIS tasks:
On the station with MASTER status, a radar picture of the other band can be displayed in STBY mode only. WS 1 is used as an example for showing the availability of a radar picture depending on the scanner operating mode and RADAR task status (MASTER-SLAVE): X-band Scanner (TX-mode) WS1 X-band MASTER (Default settings):
Radar picture(s) available on Workstations WS1 X-band only (MASTER) WS2 X-band/S-band WS3 S-band only (MASTER) WS4 X-band/S-band WS5 X-band/S-band
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X-band Scanner (TX mode) WS1 X-band SLAVE:
Radar picture(s) available on Workstations WS1 X-band/S-band WS2 X-band only (MASTER) WS3 S-band only WS4 X-band/S-band WS5 X-band/S-band
X-band Scanner (STBY mode) WS1 S-band SLAVE:
Radar picture(s), which is available on Workstations WS1 S-band only WS2 S-band only WS3 S-band only (MASTER) WS4 S-band only WS5 S-band only
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Integration
INTEGRATION
Essential Information
Information required for the relevant functions of the specific Transas INS. This includes as a minimum position, speed, heading and time.
PS Positioning System
In this mode, the following satellite systems can be used for the ship positioning: GPS; DGPS.
Where there are two or more positioning sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as POS1, POS2, POS3, etc. sensors, appropriate identifiers assigned to them.
Processing of Data Received from PS Positioning System

The ship position coordinates can be received from the system sensors in the form of IEC 61162-1 standard messages (DTM, GGA, GLL, GBS, GNS and RMC for GPS). In this case Latitude and Longitude fields are processed (N/S and E/W hemisphere specified as appropriate).
Processing of Data Received from ER Positioning System

This method is based on the reception of ARPA information on the bearing and range to some stationary object (e.g. a lighthouse) with fixed coordinates. With this method in use, the ship position is determined by referencing to the ship position to the radar image of such target. This method allows continuous positioning for both, primary and secondary methods. When the ship position is determined by ER method, the selected radar target is set in the coordinates specified by the operator. Then, proceeding from the data on the selected target (bearing and distance), the ship position is calculated relative to the coordinates of the target. Therefore, as long as the data on the target is supplied continuously, the positioning will also be continuous. As all the navigational calculations are made by the Transas INS relative to the ship position on the Primary track, with the ER mode turned on the primary ship positioning method, all the targets received from the ARPA are plotted on the chart relative to the ship position, i.e. are shifted by the value of the entered ship position correction.
Processing of Data Received from DR Positioning System

In the Dead reckoning mode, the ship position is determined from the information received from gyro and log.
ATTENTION!
If DR mode is used for a long time, this may result in a serious ship positioning error, therefore, the ship position should, be permanently checked and corrected as required. Display of Position data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.
53
Integration
Heading
Data on the ships true course (HDG) is supplied to the Transas INS by the gyro in HDT sentences. Connection of the gyros is made on Sensors page in the System Configuration utility. Where there are two heading sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as GYRO1, GYRO2 sensors, and appropriate identifiers assigned to them. Also ships true course may be outputted to the Transas INS from magnetic compass with HDG sentence. Connection of the gyros and magnetic compass is made on Sensors page in the System Configuration utility. Display of heading data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.
Speed
STW Speed data STW is received from the (D)LOG in VHW or VBW sentences. Connection of the (D)LOG is made on Sensors page in the System Configuration utility. Where there are two speed sources, they are connected in the System Configuration utility as (D)LOG1, (D)LOG2 sensors, appropriate identifiers assigned to them. If the log is not connected in the System Configuration utility, it is possible to enter STW value manually in STW field of Navigational panel. Display of STW data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information. COG/SOG Speed data COG/SOG could received from the (D)LOG in VBW sentences or from Positioning system in VTG message. Display of COG/SOG see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information. Depth Data on the depth values under the keel is supplied to the INS by the echosounder in DBT and DPT message. Connection of the echo sounder (ECHOSOUNDER) is made on Sensors page in the System Configuration utility. The depth value is shown on System Information display.
Time
Time data is received in ZDA sentences from the Positioning source (UTC sensor). Connection of the UTC sensor is made on Sensors page in the System Configuration utility. Display of time data see paragraph Display of Main (Essential) Information.
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Integration
Consistent Common Reference System

General
To ensure the supply of non-ambiguous information to Transas INS components, the Transas INS uses the so-called consistent common reference system which implies the following: referencing to same place and time; compensation for latency.
The validity and plausibility check is carried out at the previous data processing stage. Failure to pass these checks, triggers off relevant alarms. The CCRS is ensuring that all parts of the Transas INS are provided with the same type of data from the same source.
Referencing to Same Place

For a consistent reference point, the Transas INS uses the Conning Station which all the space oriented information is referenced to (e.g., ship and targets position, ERBL, etc.). In case of loss of heading, the reference point moves to the centre of the ship. Conning Station position in the ship system of coordinates is determined by the settings made in the System Configuration utility on Ship Settings page:
Referencing to Same Time

Time in the Transas INS supplied by the GPS. Time from GPS, being more accurate, is considered to be the main one, and is used for system time synchronising. Each time message (ZDA) is received from GPS (UTC sensor), check is made of the set 2 sec limit between the time from GPS and system time. If the difference exceeds this limit, time is equalised with GPS (UTC sensor).
Compensation for latency

Data latency in the Transas INS is consistent with the data requirements of the individual parts and their relevant international standards. The maximum data delay in the Transas INS does not exceed 1 sec, so no compensation for latency is performed.
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Integration
Integration of Tasks on the Bridge

Sensor Selection
Selection of Position Source Use Ships Position page to select the primary and secondary positioning systems. To select, activate Prim and Sec buttons.
Ship position page displays all the connected coordinates sensors, as well as Dead Reckoning (DR) and Echo Reference (ER) modes. Prim source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigational system. Sec source is a hot backup for Fallback functionality. The primary and secondary positioning systems cannot be selected simultaneously for one and the same source. The own ship position sensor name includes: differential mode is taken from the sentence; source number is assigned in the System Configuration utility; source alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility:
You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select. It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.
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Integration
Selection of Heading Source On Heading page, select a heading source whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
Heading page shows all the connected heading sensors. The heading sensors name includes alies assigned in the System Configuration utility. To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The selected source data is used for making all the calculations in the navigation system. Magnetic compass may be selected as a course source; magnetic variation is available either for manual selection or from the database (see section Compensations for Navigational Data, paragraph Magnetic Compass). You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select. It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in. Selection of STW Source Use Speed page to select a source of speed through the water whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
STW sources group on Speed page shows all the connected sensors of speed through the water. The speed sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility. To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select. It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in.
57
Integration
Selection of SOG Source Use Speed page to select a source of speed over the ground whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the systems.
SOG sources group on Speed page shows all the connected sensors of speed through the water. The speed sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility. You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen s displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select. It is not possible to choose a source, which no data arrives in. Selection of Depth Source Use Echosounder page to select a source of depth whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the systems.
Echosounder page shows all the connected depth sensors and data from the electronic chart and tidal height. To select the main source, activate the button with the source name. The depth sensors name includes alies is assigned in the System Configuration utility. You may select a source with invalid data, which is shown in red. In this case, the screen displays a dialogue box requesting permission to select. It is not possible to choose a source which no data arrives in.
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Integration
Collection Equalising
Within the Transas INS, collections required for operation of different tasks are equalised by software facilities. I.e., the following collections will be identical on all the WSs: Navigational charts; User charts and Manual correction; Updating objects; Navtex database; Routes.
Integrated Task Control and Monitoring

Within one task, there is general control of operation modes for different tasks for the entire Transas INS, i.e., a change of parameter for one task on one WS causes synchronous change of this parameter for the same task on other WSs.
Name Monitored route Monitored schedule Time Time zone Safety Contour (alarm and parameter) Navigation danger (alarm and parameter) Sounder Depth (alarm and parameter) ECDIS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RADAR Yes N/A Yes (UTC Only) N/A Yes, on chart only N/A N/A CONNING Yes N/A Yes Yes N/A N/A Sounder Depth parameter is used for displaying horizontal safety depth level in the echogram field N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A Yes N/A N/A Yes Yes ES3 Keyboard N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Anchor Watch (alarm and parameter) Safety Contour (value in metres) Safety Depth Approach to Area (value in minutes) Area alarms Shallow Contour (parameter) Deep Contour (parameter) Position Offset Gyro error Magnetic variation Draft Arrival circle Radius BTW XTD, display of Port Side/Starboard Side settings for the current leg of the route loaded in the ECDIS-Master for monitoring
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes, Graphical N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/a N/A
Monitored points (Next WP) Yes
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Integration
Name DTW ETA TTG to the current point CSE to the current point AIS message End of Watch Timer off Off Chart End of Route Out of Schedule (in minutes) WP Approach (in minutes) Off leg course (in degrees) Out of XTE MOB EVENT
ECDIS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
RADAR N/A N/A N/A N/A N/a N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
CONNING Yes N/A Yes Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/Aa
ES3 Keyboard N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Yes
Integration within One WS

Within one workstation, there is also general control of task operation modes which is shown in the table below, i.e., changes of any parameters in one task causes synchronous change of these parameters in other tasks within one WS.
Name Palettes EBL/VRM Radar Picture (TX-1/TX-2) Gain/Sea/Rain GZ1, GZ2 Acquisition sensitivity CPA/TCPA Trial Manoeuvre (Set CSE, Radius, Trial Line, Delay) ECDIS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes RADAR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes CONNING Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A ES3 Yes Yes N/A Yes N/A N/A N/A N/A
RADAR/ECDIS Interaction on One WS

ECDIS task is also capable of processing the radar system data and displaying a radar picture and targets. In this case, RADAR task may not be running. With the concurrent operation of RADAR and ECDIS tasks, both tasks always show a radar picture from one scanner. If this is the case, the following operations are synchronised in both applications: band switching (on the WS only which has RADAR task SLAVE status); setting Gain, Sea, Rain level; acquisition and dropping of targets for/from tracking; setting Guard Zones and Acquisition Zone; EBL/VRM setting.
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Reversionary Mode
REVERSIONARY MODE
Automatic Source Selection with Actuation of Fallback Functionality
Fallback functionality implies use of backup data source in case of the main source failure. Fallback functionality is implemented for the following essential data: Position. Sec. position source is used for the backup source, which is set on Ship position page of Navigation panel. If Sec. position source is not set, there is no switch to the backup; Heading. The second gyro is used for a backup. The magnetic compass is not used for a backup source; STW. The second log is used for a backup source.
By default, there is compulsory Fallback actuation in the case of the sensor failure.
Sensor Failure
The backup data source is switched to when the following alarms are triggered off (for alarm generation algorithm, see paragraph Display of Navigational (Essential) Information): no input; no data; invalid data.
If the main data source does not recover its functions within the set time after the alarm generation, Fallback warning is activated, the system switches over to the backup source. The timeout is set to 5 sec. There is no switchover to the backup source unless it has passed all the necessary checks.
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Reversionary Mode
Differential Mode Lost

A switchover to the backup data source occurs with a differential mode loss by the ships position sensor (the letter D in the source name stops to be displayed). If the differential mode is not recovered within the set time after its loss, Position Fallback warning is actuated, and the system switches over to the backup source. The timeout is set to 15 sec. There is no switchover to the backup source unless it operates in the differential mode.
Automatic Restoration Function

After the main data source has restored its regular operation, there is no automatic switchover back to it. Upon expiry of the set time, there is a user request to restore it as the main data source. The timeout is set to 10 sec.
If OK is pressed, the system switches over to this data source.
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Compensations for Navigational Data
COMPENSATIONS FOR NAVIGATIONAL DATA

Position Offset
If a constant-value error is identified in the ship positioning from any system, it can be taken into account. To this end, the Transas INS implements a function for the correction of ship position coordinates. The corrected coordinate values are displayed until the user changes them again. The correction to ship position coordinates, which is entered in the Transas INS and has a value other than zero, produces an appropriate change in the ship symbol position. In the ECDIS task, corrected coordinates are shown on the Control panel in the Positioning System designation window (Primary or Secondary), the fact that such correction is taken into account is indicated by a special symbol: a red triangle:
In the RADAR task, corrected coordinates with are red triangle are shown on Display Panel:
Input of a position offset is made for every sensor on the Ship Position page of the ECDIS MASTER tasks Navigation panel by using the following procedures: manual input of correction; corrections defined in the form of a numeric increment to the ship position coordinates are entered in Offset field with appropriate N/S and E/W characters; input of correction by the cursor position; in this method, corrections are calculated automatically as a difference between the coordinates specified by the cursor and produced by the positioning system.
The calculated correction is used for correcting coordinates received from the positioning system for the entire Transas INS. The correction entered for the ship position coordinates, regardless of the input method, has a constant value. With a change of the correction value, its input operation is required to be repeated. To stop the effect of the correction, press Cancel offset button for the appropriate position source, whereupon the coordinates received from this source only will determine the ship position.
Magnetic Compass
With the use of a magnetic compass, heading data is supplied in the HDG sentence. In this case, deviation is taken into account if it is supplied by the magnetic heading sensor. The magnetic declination which is taken into account, is entered manually or taken from the ECDIS task database with the Auto button pressed on Heading page of the ECDIS MASTER task Navigation panel.
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Gyro
In up-to-date gyros, deviation is offset automatically. To this end, connected to the gyro are position and speed sensors. If no such offset is available, it should be entered manually on the Heading page of the ECDIS MASTER task Navigation panel as per table below. In this table, speed deviation is provided in the ships compass heading function for the speed of 10 knots. To determine speed deviation for other speeds, it is necessary to multiply the value obtained from the table by the coefficient equal to the ration of the ships actual speed to 10.
Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Beginning:
Compass heading 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 + 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 + 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 360 350 340 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 0.64 0.63 0.60 0.54 0.48 0.41 0.30 0.21 0.10 0.00 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.63 0.56 0.47 0.37 0.25 0.12 0.00 0.84 0.82 0.78 0.72 0.64 0.53 0.41 0.28 0.15 0.00 0.98 0.97 0.93 0.86 0.76 0.63 0.49 0.33 0.17 0.00 1.11 1.09 1.05 0.97 0.85 0.71 0.50 0.38 0.19 0.00 1.27 1.25 1.20 1.10 0.97 0.82 0.64 0,43 0.22 0.00 1.51 1.45 1.41 1.31 1.15 0.97 0.75 0.51 0.26 0.00 1.86 1.83 1.75 1.61 1.42 1.17 0.93 0.63 0.32 0.00 Sailing latitude 0 30 40 50 55 60 65 70
Speed deviations in the compass course function (for the ship speed of 10 knots). Continued:
Compass heading 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 + 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 + 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 360 350 340 330 320 310 300 290 280 270 2.18 2.14 2.04 1.89 1.67 1.28 1.69 0.74 0.37 0.00 2.46 2.42 2.31 2.13 1.88 1.58 1.23 0.85 0.42 0.00 2.63 2.59 2.47 2.28 2.01 1.69 1.32 0.89 0.45 0.00 2.83 2.78 2.66 2.45 2.16 1.82 1.42 0.96 0.48 0.00 3.06 3.01 2.88 2.65 2.34 1.97 1.53 1.04 0.52 0.00 3.34 3.28 3.14 2.89 2.55 2.15 1.67 1.19 0.57 0.00 3.66 3.62 3.45 3.18 2.85 2.36 1.84 1.24 0.64 0.00 Sailing latitude 73 75 76 77 78 79 80
Draft
Compensation of sounder readings due to varying ship draft is made for each sounder on the Echosounder page of the ECDIS MASTER task Navigation panel.
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Radar Distance Measurement Errors

Depending on the latitude, distance measurement errors occur between the radar image and an electronic chart. The table below shows deviations in metres on different radar scales depending on the latitude.
Deviations in metres on different radar scales depending on the latitude:
Latitude 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.25 nm 0m 0.001 m 0.002 m 0.004 m 0.006 m 0.009 m 0.014 m 0.022 m 0.046 m 0.75 nm 0m 0.015 m 0.032 m 0.052 m 0.075 m 0.107 m 0.156 m 0.247 m 0.511 m 6 nm 0.003 m 1.603 m 3.305 m 5.237 m 7.601 m 10.78 m 15.65 m 24.80 m 51.19 m 24 nm 0.091 m 14.48 m 29.79 m 41.17 m 68.45 m 97.06 m 140.8 m 223.3 m 461.2 m
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CHAPTER 3
Alarm Management
Display of Alarms and Warnings
DISPLAY OF ALARMS AND WARNINGS

The number of alarms shall be kept as low as possible by providing indications for information of lower importance (MSC 86(70) Annex 3, 4.3.5), this is why only very important messages are classified as alarms in the INS. The INS processes alarms and warnings in a similar manner, the only difference being in their display. Alarm an audio and visual signal announcing a condition requiring immediate attention or operator action. Warning a signal announcing a condition requiring non-immediate attention for precautionary reasons. Alarms are displayed in Alarms window, whereas warnings are shown in Warnings window available in ECDIS, RADAR and AMS tasks. The window displays the most recently generated alarm (warning). The CONNING task only shows information on the availability of unacknowledged alarms or warnings. A press on the ALARMS button opens automatically the Alarms panel of the AMS task, whereas the WARNINGS button opens the Warnings panel.
ECDIS, Radar, AMS Conning
Alarms are associated with intermittent sound signal, which lasts until the silencing. Warnings are accompanied with sound signal, whose duration is 2 sec. The name of the alarm source is shown in the red colour. The name of the warning source is shown in orange colour. Alarms (Warnings) window shows the most recently generated alarm (warning). The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source:
The alarm (warning) name is preceded by the name of its source: WS1 alarm (warning) refers to this WS (several tasks simultaneously or breakage of the hardware included in the WS); RADAR X-1 alarm (warning) refers to the control of scanner which is connected to this WS; NS-S1 alarm (warning) refers to ECDIS task only on this WS1; NR-S1 alarm (warning) refers to RADAR task only on this WS1. Note: Alarms (warning), which refer to one task only on one WS (of NR-S1 and NS-S1 type), are not shown in other tasks (including the AMS) or on other WSs.
- S1 WS name (2 and 3 letters of the WS network name are shown).
Chapter 3. Alarm Management
69
CHART alarm (warning) refers to the ECDIS task in the scope of entire INS; RADAR alarm (warning) refers to the RADAR task in the scope of entire INS; SENS alarm (warning) refers to the entire INS; NAVTEX alarm from external device received via dry contacts of WAGO module or from NMEA Sensor; AIS alarm from external device (e.g. AIS) received by NMEA ALR message.
The sources are specified in more detail in Alarms and Warnings panels of the AMS task (see paragraph Description of AMS Task). Alarms and warning may be active, i.e., what caused their generation has not been eliminated, and non-active when the cause is eliminated. Active and non-active alarms and warnings may have the following status: acknowledged acknowledged by the operator; unacknowledged unacknowledged.
The principles of displaying alarms and warnings in the Alarms and Warnings windows on the Control Panels of the ECDIS, RADAR, AMS tasks, are identical to those used in the Alarms and Warnings panels of the AMS panel, and are set forth in the table below:
Alarm status New Active unacknowledged alarms (no operator actions taken) Active unacknowledged alarms silenced, but to be acknowledged on task (e.g. ARPA) Non-active unacknowledged alarms Active acknowledged alarms Non-active acknowledged alarms Active unacknowledged warnings Active acknowledged warnings Non-active unacknowledged warnings Non-active acknowledged warnings Font Bold Color Red Blinking Yes Sound generation Yes
Bold
Red
Yes
No
Regular Bold No Bold Bold Regular No
Red Red No Orange Orange Orange No
Yes No No Yes No No No
Yes No No No No No No
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A press on the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name opens a pull-down list, which contains all the currently active alarms (warnings) and unacknowledged non-active alarms (warnings):
At the beginning of the list, there are unacknowledged alarms arranged in the there growing age order. If the alarm (warning) is active, the name of its source is blinkering. The age of alarms (warnings) is specified to the right of the alarm (warning). The second half of the list is occupied by the active acknowledged alarms (warnings). Names of alarms (warnings) and their sources are shown in regular fonts. Alarms (warnings) in this part of the list are sorted by their acknowledgment time (the most recently acknowledged alarm (warning) is placed at the very top, etc.). Non-active acknowledged alarms (warning) are deleted from the list. Positioning the free cursor on the alarm name on the button or in the list displays a hint showing the detailed name of the alarm:
The history of all the alarms and warnings generation and their acknowledgement is shown on the Alarms History and Warnings History panels of the AMS task (see Description of AMS Task).
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Alarm Acknowledgement
ALARM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
After familiarising him/herself with the alarm, the operator acknowledges it. Distinction is drawn between the acknowledgement of the alarm audible (silencing) and visual announcement (acknowledgement). Acknowledgement is made on any operating panel, which is directly assigned to the function generating the announcement and where the cause of the announcement and related information for decision support are presented. According to this concept, depending on the alarm status, acknowledgement can be made as follows:
Alarm (warning) status Alarm (warning) generated for one task on one WS Alarm (warning) generated for all the similar tasks in all the WSs Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of one WS Alarm (warning) generated for all the tasks of all the WSs Where acknowledgement can be made This WS, this task Any station, this task This WS, any task Any station, any task
Places where the alarms (warnings) can be acknowledged, are specified in more detail in the Alarms and Warnings panel of the AMS task (see Description of AMS Task).
There are three ways to acknowledge an alarm (warning): by pressing the Unacknowledged button in the line with the alarm (warning) name in the Alarms (Warnings) panel of the AMS task; if this alarm cannot be acknowledged from this workstation, the alarm is silenced; by pressing the button with the name of the most recently generated alarm; after its acknowledgement, the latest unacknowledged alarm (warning) appears in its place; after all the alarms (warnings) have been acknowledged, the button displays No alarms (No warnings) notation; the most recently generated alarm can also be acknowledged by pressing the <ALARM> button on the ES3 keyboard:
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Alarm Acknowledgement
by selecting the alarm (warning) from a pull-down list of alarms (warnings) which is opened by pressing the button to the right of the alarm (warning) name:
The acknowledgement and the cancellation of the announcement occur automatically after the function generating this announcement is switched off (e.g., automatic control mode is switched off). If all the alarms (warnings) are acknowledged, Alarms (Warnings) window assumes the following form:
In the absence of alarms (warning), Alarms (Warnings) window displays No alarms (No warnings) notation:
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Description of AMS Task
DESCRIPTION OF AMS TASK

AMS Screen
The AMS task consists of the Control Panel and 4 pages: Alarms; Warnings; Alarms History; Warnings History.
The AMS screen has the following purpose: to accumulate and display information on alarms and warnings; to display alarm and warning sources; to display information on the place of acknowledgement of active alarms and warnings; to display alarms and warnings generation history.
The Alarms panel is used for the display of alarms, and the Warnings panel for the display of warnings. Alarms History and Warnings History panels are used for the display of alarms and warnings history (for the principles of displaying alarms and warnings see above). Control tools and the most recently generated alarms and warnings are arranged on the Control panel. The panel layout can be presented diagrammatically as shown below:
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Alarms Panel
The Alarms panel is intended for the display of all the active and unacknowledged non-active alarms and their attributes. The panel is a table whose rows show alarms as they are generated, and columns provide the following alarm attributes: Source alarm source name (see above); Where to acknowledge place where the alarm in question can be acknowledged (see above); Name alarm name (see Annex B); Set Time alarm generation date and time; either UTC or ship time is displayed depending on what is set in the Control panel Time window; Age time elapsed since the alarm generation time; Status alarm status (see above).
When an alarm is selected from the table with the cursor, the bottom part of page provides a detailed description of this alarm matching the hint associated with the alarm name in the Alarm window on the Control panel.
Warnings Panel
The Warnings panel is intended for the display of all the active warnings and their attributes, and contains columns similar to those on the Alarms panel (see the previous item).
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Alarms History Panel
The Alarm History panel is intended for displaying the history of alarm generation within the set time. The panel is a table whose rows display alarms as they are generated, and the columns provide the following alarm attributes: Source alarm source name (see above); Name alarm name (see the Annex B); Set Time alarm generation date and time. Either UTC or ship time is displayed depending on what is set in the Control Panel Time window; Reset Time date and time when what caused the alarm disappeared; Ack Time time when the operator acknowledged the alarm.
When an alarm is selected from the table with the cursor, the bottom part of page provides a detailed description of this alarm matching the hint associated with the alarm name in the Alarm window on the Control Panel. Show events since input box specifies the time since which the generated targets are displayed in the table.
Warnings History Panel

The Warnings History panel is intended for the display of warning generation history and contains columns similar to those on the Alarms History panel (see previous item).
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Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications
GUIDANCE FOR ADJUSTMENTS OF THE LIMITS FOR ALARMS AND WARNINGS INDICATIONS
Alarms/ warnings SENSORS Main sensors No data No input 10 sec No Alarm; Values in red asterisks; Ships symbol in red color, blinking Alarm; Values in red; Ships symbol in red color Warning; Values in red asterisks; Ships symbol in red color, blinking Warning; Values in red; Ships symbol in red color Alarm Limits set are not accessible for operator Condition Set limit Set in task Indication Remarks
Invalid
10 sec
No
Limits set are not accessible for operator Limits set are not accessible for operator
Auxiliary sensors
No data No input
10 sec
No
Invalid
10 sec
No
Limits set are not accessible for operator Limits set are not accessible for operator Set by operator
Datum unknown
No DTM message
10 sec
No
NAVIGATIONAL Course difference Difference between current route leg and heading is lager than set The difference in reading GYRO compasses lager then set value The ship is approaching to an isolated danger The set XTD value exceeded The ship has approached a WP The ship is leaving the set anchorage area Approach to navigational area 530 ECDIS Alarm
HDG monitor
No
Alarm
Limits set are not accessible for operator
Nav. danger
0.08.0 nm
ES
Alarm
Set by operator. ES/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms XTD set by operator. ECDIS/Route/Route table Set by operator
Out of XTD
0.009.99 nm
ES
Alarm
WP approach Anchor watch
0.009.99 nm
ES
Alarm
0.009.99 nm
ES
Alarm
Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms Set by operator. ES/Monitoring/ Area Alarms
Area alarms
015 min
ES
Warning
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Guidance for Adjustments of the Limits for Alarms and Warnings Indications
Alarms/ warnings CPA/TCPA
Condition and are smaller than the set ones
Set limit CPA 0.060 min TCPA 0.0024.00 nm 015 min
Set in task RADAR
Indication Warning
Remarks Set by operator. Radar/ARPA
Safety Contour
With a change of chart set under the ship position, the previously selected safety contour becomes unavailable on these charts The current depth from the echo sounder is smaller than the set value The ship is behind/ahead the schedule End of watch
ES
Alarm
Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms
Sounder depth
0999 m
ES
Warning
Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Navigational alarms
Out of schedule End of watch
000 min
ES
Warning
Set by operator. ECDIS/Monitoring/ Route monitoring Set by operator. ECDIS/Config/ General
0900 min
ES
Warning
Rest alarms trigged off immediately on event.
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CHAPTER 4
Quick Guidance on Transas INS Tasks
Handling of Chart Collection
HANDLING OF CHART COLLECTION

Updating Licenses
Press the button for run the Chart Assistant utility.
On the panel, which will be displayed, press the Disk button:
In the Scan Disk window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing a new license:
A window with a proposal to install the license will appear. Press OK button:
Chapter 4. Quick Guidance on Transas INS Tasks
81
The license will be installed, which will be reflected in the general log:
Close the log. The license updating process is completed.
WARNING!
After license updating on one of WSs, license equalising should be performed for all the WSs. By using the tab in the left top corner, switch to Network panel.
To synchronize the licenses at all the workstations, press the Create new collection. Update clients button.
Updating Charts
Press the button for run the Chart Assistant utility.
82
On the panel, which will be displayed, press Format button:
Select necessary chart format, the panel will display outlines of all the previously installed charts in the set format. Insert the CD with a chart updating into the CD drive. Press Update button. In the Scan Disk window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing the updating:
If necessary press Browse button and specify the path to the directory, which contains the chart updating:
Press OK button in the search window:
Check Install updates checkbox and press OK button. Press OK button to confirm the installation of updating for the ship chart folio.
83
General updating log is displayed. Close the log. The chart updating process is completed. There is another way to install the updating. Press Disk button. In the Scan Disk window, which will open up, specify the external storage containing the updating:
If necessary press Browse button and specify the path to the directory, which contains the chart updating:
Press OK button in the search window. The Chart Assistant utility will scan the external storage, will automatically identify the chart format and the type of data it contains, and will produce a list of available actions:
Check Install updates checkbox and press OK button.
General updating log is displayed. Close the log. The chart updating process is completed.
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To Acquire Targets
TO ACQUIRE TARGETS
To Manually Acquire Targets for Tracking
Open RADAR task. To acquire a single target, press control button group. button in the Display Panel
Position the free cursor on the target, which should be acquired for tracking (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR).
Press the left trackball/mouse button. At the acquisition stage the target will be displayed as a dashed line square.
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To Acquire Targets
In a minute, the acquired target will be displayed as a yellow coloured circle with a pre-calculated motion vector.
Use the procedure for acquiring all the necessary targets for tracking. To exit from the manual acquisition mode, release button group. button in the Display Panel control
To Manually Cancel Tracked Targets

Drop the target from tracking by using one of the following procedures: 1. To cancel tracking of a single target, press button in the Display Panel control button group. Position the free cursor on the tracked target, which should be cancelled. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form: (see also document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). RADAR, paragraph Handling Cursors). 2. With button released, position the cursor on the required target and press cursor appears.
the right trackball button successively until
Note: It is only targets beyond the guard zones, which can be cancelled.
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To Acquire Targets
Press the left trackball/mouse button. The target tracking will be cancelled.
To exit from the target cancellation mode, release control button group.
button in the Display Panel
87
To Acquire Targets
To Cancel All Tracked Targets in PPI Area

Open TARGETS panel by selecting the appropriate menu line in the Control Panels Multi Panel window:
On TARGETS panel on Acquisition page press Cancel All Targets button:
All the tracked targets beyond the guard zones will be cancelled.
Setting of Safety Parameters in Target Tracking (CPA/TCPA)

In the Control Panel Safety Parameters window position the free cursor in the CPA input field and press the left trackball button.
By rolling the trackball, set the required value of the closest-point-of-approach (CPA) distance or enter it via the keyboard. Press the left trackball button. In a similar way, enter the value of time to the closest point of approach (TCPA) in the TCPA input field.
The setting of the safety parameter is completed. With the ARPA turned on, the CPA/TCPA alarm will be triggered off if both, the CPA and TCPA become smaller than the set values at the same time.
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To Acquire Targets
To Handle Ring Shaped Guard Zones

Open TARGETS panel by selecting the appropriate menu line in the Control Panels Multi Panel window:
To Turn on Ring Shaped Guard Zones

On TARGETS panel on Acquisition page press Guard Zone 1 and/or Guard Zone 2 button.
The ring-shaped guard zone will be displayed on the PPI.
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To Acquire Targets
Targets getting within the guard zone will be displayed in the form of flickering triangles.
At the same time Guard zone target warning will be triggered off. Acknowledge this alarm. After the processing, targets will be displayed in the form of green coloured circles with pre-calculated motion vectors.
To Set Guard Zone Limits

Position the free cursor on the left-hand boundary of the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:
Press the left trackball/mouse button. The cursor will assume the form of a graphic cursor.
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To Acquire Targets
Move the ring-shaped zone along the circle relative to the own ship symbol in the required direction.
Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new position of the zone and to exit from the graphic cursor mode. Position the free cursor on the right-hand boundary of the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:
Move the right-hand limit of the ring-shaped zone setting the necessary coverage angle.
Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new position of the zone and to exit from the graphic cursor mode.
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To Acquire Targets
Position the free cursor on one of the arcs delimiting the guard zone. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:
Move the zone limit to the required distance. Note: If the zones closer limit crosses its farther limit in the process of zone shift, they exchange their places.
Press the left trackball/mouse button to set the new zone position and exit from the graphic cursor mode.
To Turn off Guard Zones

To turn off a guard zone, release the appropriate button on Acquisition page of TARGETS panel.
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Handling of Routes
HANDLING OF ROUTES
Graphic Method of Route Creating
Open ECDIS task. Open Route Editor panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
In Route Editor panel, which will open up, press New button to activate it:
The panel will look as follows:
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Handling of Routes
A graphic cursor will appear on the Chart panel, whereas the right bottom part of the ECDIS task screen will display Edit Route information window:
Set the cursor in the start point coordinates by moving the mouse/trackball, using the data in Edit Route window and press the left mouse/trackball button.
The symbol of the start point with its number (0) will appear on the Chart panel. Position the cursor in the coordinates of the next point. At this stage, a route leg line will be drawn between the cursor and the start point. Press the left mouse/trackball button: the Chart panel will display the next point symbol with 1 for number and the plotted route leg. By default, XTD lines are also shown. To turn off their display, use Extra window.
If it is necessary to set several waypoints, repeat the mouse/trackball moving and left button pressing operation as many times as there are WPs required to be set.
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Handling of Routes
If the cursor is positioned beyond the Chart panel boundaries, it will be re-drawn automatically so that there is always a chart from the chart folio under the cursor (provided Chart Autoload function is ON).
After the setting of the last point of the planned route, double click the right mouse/trackball button: the cursor will exit from the route planning and editing mode and will assume the form of the ECDIS task free cursor.
The generation of the route is completed. To save the route, enter its name in the name input line in the top right part of the panel.
Press Save button which has been activated. The planned route is generated and saved. For tabular method of route creating and route editing see document TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). ECDIS.
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Handling of Routes
Loading Route
Open ECDIS task. Open Monitoring panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel.
Use the tab in the top part of Monitoring panel to switch to Route Monitoring page.
On Route Monitoring page, which will open up, press Load route button in Route row of buttons:
Select the required route and press the left mouse/trackball button. The selected route will be loaded for sailing in the Chart panel, and its name will be displayed on the button. The route loaded for sailing will be shown in red colour.
96
Handling of Routes
If the Route Editor panel is opened, and a route is loaded in it, to load it in the Monitoring Mode, press the Activate Route Monitor button:
The route loaded for sailing will be shown in red colour.
Setting of Safety Parameters in the Sailing Along the Route

Open Monitoring panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
Use the tab in the top part of Monitoring panel, which will open up to switch to Route Monitoring page:
Check Off chart checkbox in Alarms group to turn on the alarm generation when there is no chart under the ship position:
Check End of route checkbox in Alarms group to turn on the alarm generation as the last point of the route is passed:
97
Selecting Sensors in Navigation Panel
The parameter of tracking the ship position relative to the current route leg is set by default. XTD value is set at the time when the route is created in Route Editor panel. The alarm is generated when the ship sails beyond the XTD limits:
Use WP Approach line of Alarms group to enter the alarm generation time value as the next WP is approached. Check the activated WP Approach checkbox to turn on the alarm generated if the value of time of approach to the next WP is less than the set one:
Use Off leg course line of Alarms group to enter the value of difference between the ship course and route leg direction. Check the activated Off leg course checkbox to turn on the alarm generation as the difference between the courses exceeds the set value:
The setting of safety parameters is completed.
SELECTING SENSORS IN NAVIGATION PANEL

Setting Position Sources
Setting EPFS Positioning System
Open ECDIS Task. Open Navigation panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
Use the tab in the top part of Navigation panel to switch to Ship Position page:
Ship position page displays all the connected coordinates sensors, as well as Dead Reckoning (DR) and Echo Reference (ER) modes.
98
Press PRIM and SEC buttons to select the primary and secondary positioning systems:
Setting ER Mode
Press ARPA button in the top part of the Control panel to turn on the display of targets:
Open Navigation panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
Use the tab in the top part of Navigation panel to switch to Ship Position page:
99
To Set Reference Points In ER group press Select targets button. Note: If the ARPA tracks some targets, Select targets button will be activated. Position the free cursor on the tracked target, which will serve as a reference point. Note: Any ARPA tracked stationary target can serve as a reference point. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:
Press the left trackball/mouse button.
R index will show up next to the reference point. Set the necessary number of reference points (up to 5). To Cancel Reference Point To cancel the reference point press Reset targets button in ER group. Position the free cursor on the reference point, which will cancel. As this is done, the cursor will assume the following form:
Press the left trackball/mouse button.
100
R index will stop show up next to the reference point.
To Use Position Determined with the Aid of Reference Points To use position determined with the aid of reference points press PRIM or SEC button:
The setting of ER positioning system is completed.
Setting DR Mode
Open Navigation panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
Use the tab in the top part of Monitoring panel to switch to Ship Position page:
101
In DR group press PRIM or SEC button:
The setting of DR positioning system is completed.
Input of Correction
Manual Input of EPFS Offset Position the cursor in Offset window on the minute value and press the left mouse/trackball button to activate the window. Enter the coordinate offset and press <Enter> key.
The ship symbol will move to the corrected coordinates, the coordinate offset will be displayed in Offset window. Correction of Ship Position by the ECDIS Task Cursor Input EPFS Offset. Press Set Offser By button position source group and select Cursor:
Move the graphic cursor, which will appear to the corrected ship position coordinates.
102
Press the left mouse/trackball button. The ship symbol will move to the specified coordinates.
The coordinate offset will be shown in Offset window, whilst position window will display corrected coordinates from position systems:
Input of DR Offset. Press Set by cursor button in DR group:
Move the graphic cursor, which will appear to the corrected ship position coordinates.
Press the left mouse/trackball button. The ship symbol will move to the specified coordinates.
Position window will display new coordinates from DR.
103
Setting Heading Source

Open ECDIS task. Open Navigation panel by selecting the appropriate line of TASKS LIST menu on the Control panel:
Use the tab in the top part of Navigation panel to switch to Heading page:
Activate the button with the source name to select the main source of heading whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
ATTENTION!
Depending on the latitude and speed, gyros requires input of correction. Transas INS is not capable of tracing input of a correction on the gyro, so the correction is considered to have been entered. The user should check the input of this correction for the Transas INS correction operation.
Setting Speed Sources

104
Use the tab in the top part of Navigation panel to switch to Speed page:
In STW sources group activate the button with the source name to select the source of speed through the water whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system. In SOG sources group activate the button with the source name to select the source of speed over ground whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
Setting Depth Source

Use the tab in the top part of Navigation panel to switch to Echosounder page:
Activate the button with the source name to select the main source of depth whose data will henceforth be used for making all the calculations in the system.
105
ANNEX A
INS Failure Mode and Effect Analyses
List of System Parts and Applications
LIST OF SYSTEM PARTS AND APPLICATIONS

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Station purposes/Sensor ECDIS master station ECDIS backup station Radar X-band master station Radar S-band master station Conning station EPFS (e.g. GPS) Gyrocompass Log Sounder Anemometer Water temperature sensor AIS NAVTEX Additional applications Radar slave, Conning Radar slave, Conning ECDIS slave, Conning ECDIS slave, Conning Radar slave, ECDIS slave N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Annex A. INS Failure Mode and Effect Analyses
109
FMEA TABLE
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor ECDIS master station fault Scenario (Possible fault) ECDIS SW fault Functional limitations due to fault One of ECDIS display out of order Systems automatic response First Backup ECDIS station switched to Master mode First Backup ECDIS station switched to Master mode No Recommended procedure Check ships position course and speed; Restart application; Call service engineer if station does not work Check ships position course and speed; Restart application; Call service engineer if station does not work Restart application; Call service engineer if station does not work Restart application; Call service engineer if station does not work
Station HW fault
One of ECDIS station, one slave Radar and one slave Conning display out of order One of ECDIS station out of order; Digitiser is inaccessible; Navtex database out of order One of ECDIS display, slave Radar and slave Conning displays out of order; SPOS Weather Module out of order (optionally); Digitiser is inaccessible; Navtex database out of order One of Radar station out of order; Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear on the others workstations; Targets from X-band radar disappear on the others workstations
ECDIS backup (planning) station fault
ECDIS SW fault
Station HW fault
No
Radar X-band master station fault
Radar SW fault
Stop antenna rotation. Change radar to SwitchOFF mode
Restart application; Switch operation of Radar X-band master station to another available station if station does not work; Call service engineer
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor Radar X-band master station fault Scenario (Possible fault) Station HW fault Functional limitations due to fault Radar X-band station out of order; Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear on the others workstations; Targets from X-band radar disappear on the others workstations One of Radar station out of order; Radar picture from X-band scanner will disappear on the others workstations; Targets from X-band radar disappear on the others workstations Radar S-band station, one slave ECDIS and one slave Conning displays out of order; Radar picture from S-band scanner will disappear on the others workstations; Targets from S-band radar disappear on the others workstations One of Conning displays is inaccessible Systems automatic response Stop antenna rotation. Change radar to SwitchOFF mode Recommended procedure Restart application; Call service engineer
Radar S-band master station fault
Radar SW fault
Restart application; Switch operation of Radar X-band master station to another available station if station does not work; Call service engineer Restart application; Call service engineer
Station HW fault
Conning display station fault
Conning SW fault
No
Restart application; Switch operation of Conning station to another available station if station does not work; Call service engineer Restart application; Switch operation of Conning station to another available station if station does not work; Call service engineer
Station HW fault
One Slave Radar, ECDIS and one Conning display out of order
No
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor DGPS (GPS/GLONASS) (Primary) Scenario (Possible fault) Sensor fault Functional limitations due to fault Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: Ship symbol related to positioning system is unreliable on the chart panel; Coordinate values are unreliable; COG SOG values are unreliable; Drift calculations are unreliable; RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible Position accuracy is reduced to GPS SPS values Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: Ship symbol related to positioning system is unreliable on the chart panel; Coordinate values are unreliable; COG SOG values are unreliable; Drift calculations are unreliable; RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible Limitation during fallback to valid PS system: Ship symbol related to positioning system is unreliable on the chart panel; Coordinate values are unreliable; COG SOG values are unreliable; Drift calculations are unreliable; RIB/ARPA Target data are inaccessible Systems automatic response Fallback to the next valid positioning sensor in 10 seconds Recommended procedure Use alternative source (PS2) as the Primary positioning system to restore the function; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not available change positioning source to DR or ER mode No Use alternative source (PS2) as Primary positioning system to restore the function; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not connected change positioning source to DR or ER mode Use alternative source (PS2) as Primary positioning system to restore the function; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer. If alternative EPFS sensor is not connected change positioning source to DR or ER mode
DGPS mode lost Corrupted message
Primary/Secondary diverge value changed Fallback to the next valid positioning sensor in 10 seconds
Invalid data
Fallback to the next valid positioning sensor in 10 seconds
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor Gyrocompass Scenario (Possible fault) Sensor fault Functional limitations due to fault Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Only Head up mode in Radar; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Only Head up mode in Radar; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable Limitation during fallback to valid heading system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Only Head up mode in Radar; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable Systems automatic response Radars changed to head up mode. Fallback to the next valid gyrocompass in 10 seconds Radars changed to head up mode. Fallback to the next valid gyrocompass in 10 seconds Radars changed to head up mode. Fallback to the next valid gyrocompass in 10 seconds Fallback to the next valid speed sensor in 10 seconds Recommended procedure Switch to alternative heading source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
Corrupted message
Switch to alternative heading source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
Invalid data
Switch to alternative heading source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
Log
Sensor fault
Switch to alternative speed source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor Scenario (Possible fault) Corrupted message Functional limitations due to fault Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable Limitation during fallback to valid speed measuring system: ARPA function is inaccessible; Radar See stabilization mode is inaccessible; DR mode is inaccessible; Drift calculations are unreliable No sounding data No sounding data No sounding data No wind data No wind data No wind data Systems automatic response Fallback to the next valid speed sensor in 10 seconds Recommended procedure Switch to alternative speed source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
Invalid data
Fallback to the next valid speed sensor in 10 seconds
Switch to alternative speed source; Check sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer
Sounder
Sensor fault Corrupted message Invalid data
No No No No No No
Check Sounder operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Sounder operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Sounder operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Anemometer operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Anemometer operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Anemometer operation and connection; Call service engineer
Anemometer
Sensor fault Corrupted message Invalid data
SW fault includes: 1. Application fault. 2. Application does not respond. 3. Connection to application fault. HW fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Station/Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Sensor fault includes: 1. Power failure. 2. Sensor damage 3. Connection break. Corrupted message includes: 1. Wrong checksum. 2. Wrong sentence formation. Invalid data: status obtained by character in the message Station/Sensor Water temperature sensor Scenario (Possible fault) Sensor fault Corrupted message AIS Sensor fault Functional limitations due to fault No temperature data No temperature data No AIS targets data; AIS message and own ship data exchange is inaccessible No AIS targets data; AIS message and own ship data exchange is inaccessible No Navtex messages in INS No Navtex messages in INS Systems automatic response No No No Recommended procedure Check temperature sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer Check temperature sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer Check AIS operation and connection; Call service engineer Check AIS operation and connection; Call service engineer Check NAVTEX operation and connection; Call service engineer Check NAVTEX operation and connection; Switch off Check Sup processing for Navtex port; Call service engineer Check Seetrac sensor operation and connection; Call service engineer Check Seetrac sensor operation and connection; Switch off Check Sup processing for Seetrac port; Call service engineer Check digitiser operation and connection; Call service engineer Check digitiser operation and connection; Switch off Check Sup processing for Digitaiserport; Call service engineer
Corrupted message
No
NAVTEX
Sensor fault Corrupted message
No No
Seetrac Sensor
No Seetrac tenders in INS No Seetrac tenders in INS
No No
Digitizer
No digital cartographic data Corrupted message is not processed
No No
ANNEX B
Alarms and Warnings List
ALARMS LIST
No 1 Alarm Description AIS capacity exceeded AIS guard zone target AIS: No input Source Workstation Explanation Capacity of AIS targets is reached 256 AIS targets gets into the GZ AIS device has no connection or switched off The ship is leaving the set anchorage area Capacity of AIS targets is reached 80 Bearing data source disconnected Hint Maximum capacity of AIS targets is exceeded AIS guard zone target AIS device has no connection or switched off The ship is leaving the set anchorage area Maximum capacity of ARPA targets is exceeded The radar receives no bearing data from scanner INS reaction The other AIS targets are not processed and not displayed in INS No No AIS targets are displayed on the ECDIS and Radar tasks No The other ARPA targets are not processed and not displayed in INS No radar picture from particular Radar X(S)-band Action Acknowledge the alarm
2 3
Workstation SENSOR
Pay attention to the target Check the AIS operation and connection; Call service engineer Check the ship position Acknowledge the alarm
4 5
Anchor watch ARPA capacity exceeded Bearing failure
CHART Workstation
RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1
Check the antenna rotation; Check operation and connection of the scanner; Check correctness of bearing numbers; Check connection in Low Frequency box Check Monitored Route Pay attention to the dangerous target Check DTM output message from Primary D-GPS Restart the WS. Check the monitor connection
7 8 9
Course difference CPA/TCPA Datum unknown
CHART RADAR/CHART SENSOR
Difference between current route leg and Heading is lager than set and are smaller than the set ones No DTM message is received from EPFS Failure of or no connection with the monitor
Difference between current route leg and Heading is more than set CPA/TCPA exceeded set values No DTM message is received from EPFS Failure of or no connection with the monitor
No No No
10
Display failure
Workstation
ECDIS: Change of MASTER rights
No 11
Alarm Description DLOG: no input
Source SENSOR
Explanation Speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Hint Speed source has no connection or device switched off
INS reaction Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of STW for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible Radar: Lost of stabilization; ARPA function inaccessible ECDIS: Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of GROUND stabilization Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of STW for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of SEA stabilization; ARPA function inaccessible ECDIS: Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of GROUND stabilization
Action Check DLOG operation; Check that in DLOG checksum is switched on; Check VBW output message from DLOG; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality; Call service engineer
12
DLOG: SOG no data
SENSOR
No SOG data is received from DLOG
No SOG data is received from speed source
Check DLOG operation; Check VBW output message from DLOG; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization Check DLOG operation; Check VBW output message from DLOG; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
13
DLOG: STW no data
SENSOR
No STW data is received from DLOG
No STW data is received from speed source
14
DLOG: SOG invalid
SENSOR
SOG data received from DLOG is invalid
SOG data received from speed source is invalid
Check DLOG operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
No 15
Alarm Description DLOG: STW invalid
Source SENSOR
Explanation STW data received from DLOG is invalid
Hint STW data received from speed source is invalid
INS reaction Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed through the water for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of SEA stabilization; ARPA function inaccessible Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of heading for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Reference point (conning station) changed to the center of the ship; Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible. ARPA function inaccessible Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of heading for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Reference point (conning station) changed to the center of the ship; Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: ARPA function inaccessible.
Action Check DLOG operation; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality; Call service engineer
16
GYRO invalid
SENSOR
The data received from the GYRO does not pass plausibility check
The data received from the GYRO does not pass plausibility check
Check the compass operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
17
GYRO: no data
SENSOR
No data is received from GYRO heading source
No data is received from GYRO heading source
Check the compass operation; Check HDG output message from GYRO; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
No
Alarm Description
Source
Explanation
Hint
INS reaction Radar: ARPA function inaccessible; AIS mode inaccessible; Chart mode inaccessible in 1 min; Stabilization lost; Motion mode, only Head up, Relative Motion
Action
18
GYRO: no input
SENSOR
GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off
Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of heading for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Reference point (conning station) changed to the center of the ship; Calculation of TRUE wind is invalid; Calculation of drift impossible ECDIS: ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible; AIS mode inaccessible; Chart mode inaccessible in 1 min; Stabilization lost; Motion mode, only Head up, Relative Motion No No video picture on the particular radar
Check the gyro operation and connection; Check that in GYRO checksum is switched on; Checksum wrong; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
19 20
Guard zone target Head Marker failure
Workstation RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1
Radar target has appeared in the Guard Zone Radar does not receive headline data
Radar target has appeared in the Guard Zone Radar does not receive headline data
Pay attention to the target Check the antenna rotation; Check operation and connection of the scanner
No 21
Alarm Description Keyboard failure
Source Workstation
Explanation Keyboard has disconnected or failure
Hint Keyboard has disconnected or failure
INS reaction ECDIS: Change of ECDIS Master station
Action Change AP mode to Heading Control Mode or Manual; Restart the WS. Check the keyboard connection Pay attention to the land danger on ECDIS task Check the LOG operation; Call service engineer; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality
22
Land danger
CHART
The ship is approaching to the objects with Land attribute to a distance less than the set one The data received from the speed source is invalid
Land Danger
No
23
LOG invalid
SENSOR
The data received from the speed source is invalid
Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of speed for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible
24
LOG: no data
SENSOR
No data is received from the speed source
No data is received from the speed source
Check the LOG operation; Call service engineer; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality
25
LOG: no input
SENSOR
Speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Speed source has no connection or device switched off
Check the LOG operation and connection; Check that in LOG checksum is switched on; Checksum wrong; Enter STW manually to restore ARPA functionality
No 26
Alarm Description MAG invalid
Source SENSOR
Explanation The data received from the magnetic heading source is invalid
Hint The data received from the magnetic heading source is invalid
INS reaction Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible; Only Head Up, Relative motion; Stabilization lost Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible; Only Head Up, Relative motion; Stabilization lost Calculation of drift impossible. ECDIS: ARPA function inaccessible. Radar: ARPA function inaccessible; Only Head Up, Relative motion; Stabilization lost
Action Change to alternative heading source; Check the Magnetic compass operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization Change to alternative heading source; Check the Magnetic compass operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization Change to alternative heading source; Check the Magnetic compass operation and connection; Call service engineer; Check that in Magnetic compass checksum is switched on; Checksum wrong; Change radar stabilization Acknowledge the alarm
27
MAG: no data
SENSOR
No data is received from the magnetic heading source
No data is received from the magnetic heading source
28
MAG: no input
SENSOR
Magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off
29
MOB BRG!
CHART
MOB Bearing has been received from AIS target or/and from own Radio Direction Finder
MOB BRG!
MOB bearing is plotted on ENC
No 30
Alarm Description Nav. danger
Source CHART
Explanation The ship is approaching to an isolated danger
Hint Dynamic hint: The ship is approaching to an isolated danger. a. Chart dangers: Danger: object on chart <chart name>. XX.X miles; b. Manual correction: Danger: Manual correction object. XX.X miles; c. NavTex: Danger: NavTex warning. XX.X miles UTC time is not received from EPFS
INS reaction No
Action Pay attention to the isolated danger on ECDIS task
31
No Time
SENSOR
UTC time is not received from EPFS
Use internal computer time
Check the EPFS operation and connection; Check ZDA message output from EPFS Load the chart under the ship position on ECDIS task Check if the course set in the autopilot is correct Check the primary EPFS operation; Call service engineer
32
Off chart
CHART
The ship has sailed beyond the chart boundary with the chart Autoload mode OFF The set XTD value exceeded The data received from the primary positioning source is invalid
No chart under the ship
No
33 34
Out of XTD Prim. posn invalid
CHART SENSOR
The set XTD value exceeded The data received from the primary positioning source is invalid
No Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Chart functionality inaccessible in 1 min; AIS functionality inaccessible; Lost of Ground stabilization (if EPFS chosen as SOG)
No 35
Alarm Description Prim posn: no data
Source SENSOR
Explanation No data is received from the primary positioning source
Hint No data is received from the primary positioning source
INS reaction Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Chart functionality inaccessible in 1 min; AIS functionality inaccessible; Lost of Ground stabilization (if EPFS chosen as SOG) Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Radar: Chart functionality inaccessible in 1 min; AIS functionality inaccessible; Lost of Ground stabilization (if EPFS chosen as SOG) Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one. If Fall Back functionality not possible: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Chart functionality inaccessible; AIS functionality inaccessible; Lost of Ground stabilization (if EPFS chosen as SOG)
Action Check the primary EPFS operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
36
Prim. Not WGS 84
SENSOR
Coordinates received from primary position source do not match coordinates on the WGS84
Received coordinates do not match coordinates on the WGS-84
Use another EPFS sensor; Check DTM output message from EPFS; Change radar stabilization
37
Prim.sensor: no input
SENSOR
Primary position source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Primary positioning source has no connection or device switched off
Check the EPFS operation and connection; Check that in EPFS checksum is switched on; Change radar stabilization
No 38
Alarm Description Prim: COG/SOG invalid
Source SENSOR
Explanation The COG/SOG data received from the primary EPFS source is invalid
Hint The COG/SOG data received from the primary positioning source is invalid
INS reaction ECDIS: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of GROUND stabilization ECDIS: Calculation of drift impossible. Radar: Lost of GROUND stabilization
Action Check the primary EPFS operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization Check the primary EPFS operation; Call service engineer; Change radar stabilization
39
Prim: COG/SOG no data
SENSOR
No COG/SOG data is received from the primary EPFS source
No COG/SOG data is received from the primary positioning source
40
Prim: Time error
SENSOR
The difference in reading time received with coordinates and time message from primary positioning system Absence or low level of video signal supplied to Radar indicator from Radar Integrator board
Difference in reading time in coordinates and time message
Coordinate data reading as invalid. Change to another positioning sensor No radar picture from X(S)-band radar on particular workstation
Call service engineer
41
Radar Video
Absence or low level of video signal
Check operation and connection of the scanner; Check HF box connection; RIB unit operation and connection Check GYRO operation; Call service engineer Check GYRO operation; Call service engineer Check the gyro or turn indicator operation and connection; Check that in TI checksum is switched on Check the ship position and motion parameters
42 43 44
ROT invalid ROT: no data ROT: no input
SENSOR SENSOR SENSOR
The Rate of turn data is invalid No ROT data is received ROT source has no connection or device is switched off or wrong checksum
The source of ROT data is invalid No ROT data is received ROT source has no connection or device is switched off
No No No
45
Safety contour
CHART
The ship is crossing safety contour set by operator
Dynamic alarm: Crossing safety contour XX meters in less than XX min. Chart XXXX
No
No 46
Alarm Description Scanner Control
Source RADAR-X-1, RADAR-S-1 SENSOR
Explanation Scanner does not respond to Radar indicator commands Received coordinates do not match coordinates on the WGS84 No data is received from the secondary positioning source Secondary positioning source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Hint Scanner does not respond to Radar indicator commands
INS reaction No radar picture from X(S)-band radar
Action Check operation and connection of the scanner; Restart RADAR task Check DTM output message from EPFS; Use another EPFS sensor Check secondary EPFS operation; Call service engineer Check the EPFS operation and connection; Check that in EPFS checksum is switched on; Wrong checksum Check secondary EPFS operation; Wrong checksum; Call service engineer Check secondary EPFS operation; Wrong checksum; Call service engineer Check secondary EPFS operation; Call service engineer Call service engineer
47
Sec. not WGS 84
Received coordinates do not No match coordinates on the WGS-84 No data is received from the secondary positioning source Secondary positioning source has no connection or device switched off No
48
Sec. posn: no data
SENSOR
49
Sec. posn: no input
SENSOR
No
50
Sec. posn invalid
SENSOR
The data received from the secondary positioning source is invalid The COG/SOG data received from the secondary positioning source is invalidP No COG/SOG data is received from the secondary positioning source The difference in reading time received with coordinates and time message from secondary positioning system Seetrac target with MOB status has been received
The data received from the secondary positioning source is invalid The COG/SOG data received from the secondary positioning source is invalid No COG/SOG data is received from the secondary positioning source Difference in reading time in coordinates and time message
No
51
Sec. COG/SOG invalid
SENSOR
No
52
Sec. COG/SOG: no data Sec. Time error
SENSOR
No
53
SENSOR
Coordinate data reading as invalid. Change to another positioning sensor Seetrac MOB target is indicated in blue colour
54
Seetrac: MOB
CHART
Seetrac: MOB
Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel
No 55
Alarm Description SOUNDER invalid
Source SENSOR
Explanation The data received from the depth source is invalid No data from the depth source is received Depth source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Hint The data received from the depth source is invalid No data from the depth source is received Depth source has no connection or device switched off
INS reaction No
Action Check echo sounder operation; Call service engineer Check echo sounder operation; Call service engineer Check echo sounder operation and connection; Check that in SOUNDER checksum is switched on; Wrong checksum No Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel Check the antenna rotation; Check connection in HF box; Check operation and connection of the scanner Check connection of the UPS to main 220 V switch board Check connection of the UPS to com port; Call service engineer Check operation of the UPS; Call service engineer Check the WAGO module operation and connection Acknowledge the alarm
56
SOUNDER: no data
SENSOR
No
57
SOUNDER: no input
SENSOR
No
58 59
Test alarm Timer went off
SENSOR SENSOR
Test alarm Time set on the timer, is over
Test alarm Time set on the timer, is over
No No
60
Trigger failure
The Radar receives no trigger data
The Radar receives no trigger from the scanner
No radar picture from X(S)-band radar
61 62 63
UPS: Bypass UPS: Emergency supply UPS: Com port
Workstation Workstation Workstation
UPS works in bypass mode UPS works from the internal emergency batteries UPS lost connection to com port
UPS works in bypass mode UPS works from the internal emergency batteries UPS lost connection to com port
No No No
64 65 66
UPS: Low Battery WAGO failure WP approach
Workstation Workstation CHART
UPS batteries discharged to 20 % Workstation does not receive WAGO data The ship has approached a WP
UPS batteries discharged to 20 % Workstation does not receive WAGO data Dynamic alarm: The ship has approached a WP in XX min
No No No
NMEA ALARMS
No 1 Alarm Description AIS: TX malfunction Source AIS Explanation Tx Malfunction alarm is generated if there is a malfunction in the radio transmitter hardware or if the antenna VSWR exceeds an allowed ratio. If the radio transmitter returns to normal operation or if VSWR returns to a value below the allowed threshold, the alarm is cleared The VSWR of the antenna is checked for every transmission and if it exceeds a given ratio then a VSWR alarm is generated. If the VSWR goes below the allowed threshold, the alarm is cleared The radio receivers are continuously monitored and if any part of the receivers hardware should malfunction, a Rx Malfunction alarm is generated for that receiver. If the radio receiver returns to normal operation, the alarm is cleared See above See item 3 This alarm is generated if the transponder fails to initiate the radio. If this alarm occurs, contact your retailer Hint No INS automatic reaction AIS function inaccessible. AIS targets not displayed Action Check AIS operation
AIS: Antenna VSWR exceeds limit
AIS
No
No
Check AIS operation
AIS: RX channel 1 malfunction
AIS
No
AIS function inaccessible
Check AIS operation
4 5 6
AIS: RX channel 2 malfunction AIS: RX channel 70 malfunction AIS: General failure
AIS AIS AIS
No No No
AIS function inaccessible AIS function inaccessible AIS function inaccessible. AIS targets not displayed
Check AIS operation Check AIS operation Check AIS operation
No 7
Alarm Description AIS: MKD connection lost
Source AIS
Explanation This alarm is active if the communication between the transponder and the display unit does not work. The alarm popup will appear if the display to transponder communication is lost and the transponder to display communication still works This alarm is generated if the position from the external Electronic Position Fixing System is invalid (i.e. no external EPFS). Due to the fallback arrangement for the positioning sensor this alarm can be inactive up to 30 seconds (during which the internal EPFS is used) before the alarm is activated This alarm is active if the AIS system does not have a valid position (latitude/longitude) from any sensor These alarms are active if the AIS system does not have a valid SOG or a valid COG from any sensor. The SOG and COG is based on the speed log or the EPFS currently in use This alarm is generated if either the heading information is lost/invalid (from external sensors) or if the heading is undefined
Hint No
INS automatic reaction AIS function inaccessible
Action Check AIS operation
AIS: external EPFS lost
AIS
No
Check AIS operation
AIS: no sensor position in use
AIS
No
Check AIS operation
10
AIS: no valid SOG information
AIS
No
Check AIS operation
11
AIS: Heading lost/ invalid
AIS
No
Check AIS operation
No 12
Alarm Description AIS: no valid ROT information
Source AIS
Explanation This alarm is active if ROT (Rate Of Turn) is undefined or if no valid ROT information is available from external sensor or internal calculations No No No No No No No
Hint No
INS automatic reaction AIS function inaccessible
Action Check AIS operation
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Alarm message from EPFS Alarm message from GYRO Alarm message from Magnetic compass Alarm message from LOG Alarm message from DLOG Alarm message from SOUNDER Alarm message from Navtex
POS X GYRO X MAG X LOG X DLOG X DPTH X NAVTEX
No No No No No No No
No No No No No No No
Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message Depends of alarm message
WARNINGS LIST
No 1 2 3 Warning Description 95% AIS capacity 95% ARPA capacity Ag. monitoring off Source Workstation Workstation CHART Explanation Capacity of AIS targets is reached 243 Capacity of ARPA targets is reached 76 As a set of chart is changed, there is no vector chart under the ship position, which means that there is no monitoring of danger to navigation User chart is 95% full User chart is 100% full. There is no possibility to add new object to the user chart The ship is ahead of the schedule loaded for monitoring AIS message has been received In the AIS the ship call sign has changed to the set in the System Configuration utility In the AIS the ship name has changed to the set in the System Configuration utility The ship is going to cross Anchor prohibited area The ship is going to cross Anchor area The ship is going to cross Areas to be avoided Hint 95% of maximum AIS targets capacity is reached 95% of maximum AIS targets capacity is reached Monitoring of navigational dangers is not performed INS automatic reaction No No No Action Acknowledge the warning Acknowledge the warning Load vector chart under the ship
4 5
Add Info Chart Full Add Info Warning
CHART CHART
User chart is 95% full User chart is 100% full
No No
Save the user chart, then create a new user chart Save the user chart, then create a new user chart Check the ship position and motion parameters Read the AIS message Check the entered ship Call in the INS and AIS transponder Check the entered ship Name in the INS and AIS transponder Pay attention on the sailing area Pay attention on the sailing area Pay attention on the sailing area
6 7 8
Ahead the schedule AIS message AIS: CALL warning
CHART CHART SENSOR
The ship is ahead of the schedule AIS message received Ship call sign was changed in AIS Ship name was changed in the AIS Anchorage prohibited Anchorage area Areas to be avoided
No No No
AIS: Name warning
SENSOR
No
10 11 12
Anchor prohibited Anchorage area Areas to be avoided
CHART CHART CHART
No No No
No 13
Warning Description Aux. DLOG XX: no input
Source SENSOR
Explanation Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Hint Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off
INS automatic reaction No
Action Check DLOG XX operation and connection; Check that in DLOG XX checksum is switched on; Wrong checksum Check auxiliary DLOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary DLOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary DLOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary DLOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary positioning system operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary positioning system operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary positioning system operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary positioning system operation; Call service engineer
14
Aux. DLOG XX: SOG invalid Aux. DLOG XX: SOG no data Aux. DLOG XX: STW invalid Aux. DLOG XX: STW: no data Aux. EPFS XX: COG/SOG invalid Aux. EPFS XX: COG/SOG no data Aux. EPFS XX invalid
SENSOR
SOG data received from auxiliary speed source is invalid No SOG data is received from auxiliary speed source STW data received from auxiliary speed source is invalid No STW data is received from auxiliary speed source COG/SOG data received from auxiliary positioning system is invalid No COG/SOG data is received from auxiliary positioning system Data received from auxiliary positioning system is invalid No data is received from auxiliary positioning system
SOG data received from auxiliary speed source is invalid No SOG data is received from auxiliary speed source STW data received from auxiliary speed source invalid No STW data received from auxiliary speed source COG/SOG data received from auxiliary positioning system invalid No COG/SOG data received from auxiliary positioning system Data received from auxiliary positioning system invalid No data is received from auxiliary positioning system
No
15
SENSOR
No
16
SENSOR
No
17
SENSOR
No
18
SENSOR
No
19
SENSOR
No
20
SENSOR
No
21
Aux. EPFS XX: no data
SENSOR
No
No 22
Warning Description Aux. EPFS XX: no input
Source SENSOR
Explanation Auxiliary DLOG has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Hint Auxiliary positioning system has no connection or device switched off
Action Check auxiliary positioning system operation and connection; Check that in EPFS XX checksum is switched on; Wrong checksum Check auxiliary GYRO system operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary GYRO system operation; Call service engineer Check GYRO XX operation and connection; Check that in GYRO XX checksum is switched on; Wrong checksum Check auxiliary LOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary LOG operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary LOG operation and connection; Check that in LOG XX checksum is switched on Check auxiliary Magnetic compass operation; Call service engineer
23
Aux. GYRO XX: invalid
SENSOR
Heading data received from auxiliary GYRO source is not passed plausibility check No data is received from auxiliary GYRO heading source Auxiliary GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum
Data received from auxiliary GYRO heading source is invalid No data received from auxiliary GYRO heading source Auxiliary GYRO heading source has no connection or device switched off
No
24
Aux. GYRO XX: no data Aux. GYRO XX: no input
SENSOR
No
25
SENSOR
No
26
Aux. LOG XX invalid
SENSOR
Speed data received from auxiliary speed source is invalid No speed data is received from auxiliary speed source Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum Magnetic heading data received from auxiliary magnetic heading source is not passed plausibility check
Data received from auxiliary speed source invalid No STW data received from auxiliary speed source Auxiliary speed source has no connection or device switched off The data received from the auxiliary Magnetic heading source is invalid
No
27
Aux. LOG XX: no data
SENSOR
No
28
Aux. LOG XX: no input
SENSOR
No
29
Aux. MAG XX: invalid
SENSOR
No
No 30
Warning Description Aux. MAG XX: no data
Source SENSOR
Explanation No data is received from the auxiliary magnetic heading source No speed data is received from auxiliary speed source Auxiliary magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum Data received from auxiliary depth source is invalid No ROT data is received from auxiliary depth source Auxiliary depth source has no connection or device switched off or wrong checksum The ship is behind the schedule loaded for monitoring The ship is going to cross Cable area The ship is going to cross Cargo transship area The ship is going to cross Caution area System of coordinates of the chart under the ship position is not identified (source paper chart datum is unknown) and coordinate offset has zero value
Hint No data is received from the auxiliary magnetic heading source Auxiliary magnetic heading source has no connection or device switched off
Action Check the Magnetic compass operation; Call service engineer Check the Magnetic compass operation and connection; Check that in Magnetic compass XX checksum is switched on; Checksum wrong; Call service engineer Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation; Call service engineer Check auxiliary Echo Sounder operation and connection; Check that in SOUNDER XX checksum is switched on Check the ship position and motion parameters Pay attention on cable area Pay attention on Cargo transship area Pay attention on Caution area Load another chart
31
Aux: MAG XX: no input
SENSOR
No
32
Aux. SOUNDER XX invalid Aux. SOUNDER XX: no data Aux. SOUNDER XX: no input
SENSOR
Data received from auxiliary depth source is invalid No depth data is received from auxiliary depth source Auxiliary depth source has no connection or device switched off The ship is behind the schedule Cable area Cargo transship area Caution area Chart datum unknown
No
33
SENSOR
No
34
SENSOR
No
35 36 37 38 39
Behind the schedule Cable area Cargo transship Caution area Chart datum unknown
CHART CHART CHART CHART CHART
No No No No No
No 40
Warning Description Chart inaccessible
Source RADAR
Explanation Charts under the ship inaccessible due to absence of position At the INS start DR positioning mode is set The ship is going to cross the line marked as danger The scale of the chart displays on the screen is over 5 fixed points (respectively) lager then that of the paper original The ship is going to cross Deep water route Free space on the hard disk for the recording of the radar picture has decreased to 100 MB Free space on the hard disk for the recording of the radar picture has decreased to 50 MB The ship is going to cross Dredged area The ship is going to cross Dumping ground area ENC chart is available under the ships position Loss of the radar target which served as a reference point in the ship positioning by the acquired ARPA objects End of route loaded for monitoring
Hint No charts under the ship
INS automatic reaction Chart is being removed from the radar task No No No
Action Check chart positioning mode; Switch chart positioning mode to ON Check the ship position and motion parameters Pay attention on dangerous line Set scale of the chart under the ship to original one
41 42 43
Check Posn-HDG-STW Danger line Dangerous scale
SENSOR CHART Workstation task
Check Position-Heading-Speed Danger line The scale of the chart is over 5 fixed points lager then the paper original Deepwater route Free space on the hard disk decreased to 100 MB Free space on the hard disk has decreased to 50 MB Dredged area Dumping ground Official ENC chart available under the ships position Echo reference point loss
44 45
Deepwater route Disk full adjust save
CHART Workstation
No No
Pay attention to the Deepwater route Change the radar picture recording parameters or free the hard disk Change the radar picture recording parameters or free the hard disk
46
Disk full save reset
Workstation
No
47 48 49 50
Dredged area Dumping ground ENC data available Echo reference loss
CHART CHART CHART SENSOR
No No No No Pay attention to the Dumping ground area Load ENC chart Re-set the ER positioning method or set any other positioning method Pay attention on the route under monitoring
51
End of Route
CHART
End of route loaded for monitoring
No
No 52
Warning Description End of watch
Source CHART
Explanation End of watch
Hint End of watch
Action Acknowledge the alarm by pressing ALARM button on the Control panel Pay attention to the Exclusive economic zone Pay attention to the Explosive dumping Pay attention to the Fairway area Pay attention to the Fishery zone Pay attention to the Fishing ground Pay attention to the Fishing prohibited Pay attention to the Harbor limit area Bring the scale of ARCS chart to original one. Press button 1:1 on ECDIS toolbar No
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Exl. econ. zone Explosive dumping Fairway Fishery zone Fishing ground Fishing prohibited Harbor limit HCRF chart rescaled
CHART CHART CHART CHART CHART CHART CHART CHART
The ship is going to cross Exclusive economic zone The ship is going to cross Explosive dumping The ship is going to cross Fairway area The ship is going to cross Fishery zone The ship is going to cross Fishing ground The ship is going to cross Fishing prohibited area The ship is going to cross Harbor limit area If the scale of ARCS chart different from original scale
Exclusive economic zone Explosive dumping Fairway approaching Fishery zone Fishing ground Fishing prohibited Harbor limit Scale of ARCS chart different from original scale
No No No No No No No No
61
HCRF image transform
CHART
The ARCS chart has been re-projected by the ECDIS to Mercator projection ARCS (ARCS raster charts) mode has been chosen as prioritized one The source of heading has been changed to the reliable one The ship is going to cross Ice area
The ARCS chart has been re-projected ARCS charts mode switched ON The source of heading changed
No
62
HCRF mode
CHART
No
Check mode priority in ECDIS/Charts panel Check operational mode of the HDG sensors Pay attention to the Ice area
63
Heading Fallback
SENSOR
Change the source of heading to previous one after operator confirmation No
64
Ice area
CHART
Ice area
No 65
Warning Description IMO No. changed
Source SENSOR
Explanation IMO number set in the System Configuration utility has been changed in the navigation system for the IMO number set in AIS transponder The ship is going to cross Incineration area The ship is going to cross Inshore traffic zone The ship is going to cross International maritime boundary Not all Standard display information layers are shown There is a lager scale chart available for the vessel position than that in use AIS target is lost RADAR task receives no data required for the selected stabilization mode Radar target is lost The ship is going to cross Military area MMSI number set in the System Configuration utility has been changed in the navigation system for the MMSI number set in AIS transponder The ship is going to cross Nature reserve area
Hint AIS IMO number changed
Action Check the entered ship IMO No. in the INS and AIS transponder
66 67 68
Incineration area Inshore traffic zone Int. mar. boundary
CHART CHART CHART
Incineration area Inshore traffic zone Int. mar. boundary
No No No
Pay attention to the Incineration area Pay attention to the Inshore traffic zone Pay attention to the The ship is going to cross Change the scale of the chart Choose another chart
69 70
Layers lost Look up better chart
CHART CHART
Not all Standard display information layers shown Lager scale chart available for the vessel position Lost AIS target Lost of stabilization mode
No No
71 72
Lost AIS target Lost stabilization
Workstation RADAR
No No
Acknowledge the warning Switch to another data source; Set another stabilization mode Acknowledge the warning Pay attention to the Military area Check the entered ship MMSI No. in the INS and AIS transponder
73 74 75
Lost target Military area MMSI No. changed
Workstation CHART SENSOR
Lost target Military practice area AIS MMSI number changed
No No No
76
Nature reserve
CHART
Nature reserve
No
Pay attention to the Nature reserve area
No 77 78
Warning Description Navtex polygon Network disconnected
Source CHART Workstation
Explanation The ship is going to cross Navtex polygon area Loss of signal from the Master station at the Slave station Network connection with Master station restored
Hint Navtex polygon Loss of signal from the Master station Network connection with Master station restored
INS automatic reaction No Backup station has automatically switched to Master mode Backup station has automatically switched to Master mode, and in the reverse direction when the signals is restored No
Action Pay attention to the Navtex polygon area Check Master station operation
79
Network reconfig.
Workstation
Check Master station operation
80
No official chart
Workstation
Display of an electronic chart does not comply with S57 edition 3 format. Refer to proper paper chart Transas format chart under the ship which could not be used for navigation for some reasons. The scale of the chart displays on the screen is up to 5 or over 5 fixed points (respectively) lager then that of the paper original The ship is going to cross Offshore production area The ship is going to cross Pipeline area The source of position has been changed to the reliable one The ship is going to cross Precautionary area
The electronic chart under the ship does not comply with official chart format Transas format chart which could not be used for navigation The scale of the chart up to 5 fixed points lager then the paper original
Change to the official chart under the ship if any on ECDIS task
81
Non navigational chart
CHART
No
Change to another chart under ships position Set scale of the chart under the ship to original one.
82
Not recom. scale
Workstation task
No
83 84 85
Offshore prod. area Pipeline area Position Fallback
CHART CHART SENSOR
Offshore production area Pipeline area The source of position changed
No No Change the source of position to previous one after operator confirmation No
Pay attention to the Offshore production area Pay attention to the Pipeline area Check operational mode of the positioning sensor Pay attention to the Precautionary area
86
Precautionary area
CHART
Precautionary area
No 87
Warning Description Prim. diff. mode lost
Source SENSOR
Explanation Primary position source loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one The ship is going to cross Prohibited area The ship is going to cross Quarantine anchorage area The ship is going to cross Recommended traffic lane Change of reference point (conning position) due to loss of heading (see paragraph
Consistent Common Reference System)
Hint Loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one Prohibited area Quarantine anchorage Recommended traffic lane Change of reference point (conning position) due to loss of heading
INS automatic reaction Fall Back functionality switches automatically the source of position for alternative one with differentional mode No No No Radar Loss of stabilization; Only Head Up, Relative motion mode No No
Action Check the ships position
88 89 90 91
Prohibited area Quarant. anchorage Recomm. traffic lane Refernce point changed
Pay attention to the Prohibited area Pay attention to the Quarantine anchorage area Pay attention to the Recommended traffic lane Check connection of Gyro
92 93
Restricted area Safe scale changed
CHART CHART
The ship is going to cross Restricted area Change of safety scale under the ship for monitoring of navigational dangers With a change of chart set under the ship position, the previously selected safety contour becomes unavailable on these charts
Restricted area Safe scale set to <scale>
Pay attention to the Restricted area Pay attention on the safety scale
94
Safety contour changed
CHART
a. approach time = 0: Crossing safety contour <contour value> on chart <chart name>; b. approach time > 0: Crossing safety contour <contour value> in less than <approach time> min. Chart <chart name> Seaplane landing area
No
Set a new safety contour value
95
Seaplane landing
CHART
The ship is going to cross Seaplane landing area
No
Pay attention to the Seaplane landing
No 96
Warning Description Sec. diff. mode lost
Source SENSOR
Explanation Secondary positioning source loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one There is the official chart of lager scale under the ship then used one The current depth from the echo sounder is smaller than the set value The source of STW has been changed to the reliable one The ship is going to cross Spoil ground area The ship is going to cross Submarine transit area The ship is going to cross Swept area The data received from the temperature sensor is invalid No data is received from the temperature sensor Temperature sensor has no connection or device switched off The ship is going to cross Territorial sea base area The ship is going to cross Territorial sea area
Hint Loss of differential positioning mode for a time interval longer than the set one Official chart of lager scale under the ship available Depth under keel is less than <min sounder depth> The source of STW changed
Action Check the ship position
97
SENC larger scale
CHART
No
Select chart of lager scale
98
Sounder depth
SENSOR
No
Pay attention to the sounder readings Check operational mode of the speed sensor Pay attention to the Spoil ground Pay attention to the Submarine transit Pay attention to the Swept area Check the temperature sensor operation; Call service engineer Check the temperature sensor; Operation; Call service engineer Check the temperature sensor operation; Call service engineer Pay attention to the Territorial sea base Pay attention to the Territorial sea
99
Speed Fallback
SENSOR
Change the source of speed to previous one after operator confirmation No No No No
100 101 102 103
Spoil ground Submarine transit Swept area Temp. sensor invalid
Spoil ground Submarine transit Swept area The data received from the temperature sensor is invalid No data is received from the temperature sensor Temperature sensor has no connection or device switched off Territorial sea base Territorial sea
104
Temp. sensor: no data
SENSOR
No
105
Temp. sensor: no input
SENSOR
No
106 107
Territor. sea base Territorial sea
CHART CHART
No No
No 108 109 110
Warning Description Time zone changed Traff. separ. zone Traffic SS crossing
Source CHART CHART CHART
Explanation The ship time has changed The ship is going to cross Traffic separation zone area The ship is going to cross Traffic separation scheme crossing area The ship is going to cross Traffic separation scheme roundabout area The data received from the wind sensor is invalid The ship is going to cross Two-way traffic route area The ship is going to cross Unsurveyed area area No data from the wind sensor is received Wind sensor has no connection or device switched off
Hint Ships time has changed Traffic separation zone Traffic separation scheme crossing Traffic separation scheme roundabout The data received from the wind sensor or SDME or GYRO is invalid Two-way traffic route Unsurveyed area No data from the wind sensor is received Wind sensor has no connection or device switched off.
INS automatic reaction No No No
Action Check that the ship time has been switched correctly Pay attention to the Traffic separation zone Pay attention to the Traffic separation scheme crossing Pay attention to the Traffic separation scheme roundabout Check operation of wind sensor; Call service engineer Pay attention to the Two-way traffic route Pay attention to the Unsurveyed area Check operation of wind sensor; Call service engineer Check wind sensor operation and connection
111
Traffic SS roundabout
CHART
No
112
True wind invalid
SENSOR
No
113 114 115
Two-way traff. route Unsurveyed area Wind sensor: no data
CHART CHART SENSOR
No No No
116
Wind sensor: no input
SENSOR
No

INS Functional Description

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TRANSAS INS

Transas Ltd. June, 2007

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2007

Data Required for Handling This Description

DATA REQUIRED FOR HANDLING THIS DESCRIPTION

PRINTING HOUSE CONVENTIONS

TRANSAS INS (V. 1.11.002). UTILITIES

Autoload *.lst <ALARM> Next TASKS LIST

Definitions and Abbreviations

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Definitions and Abbreviations

Definitions and Abbreviations

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Definitions and Abbreviations

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2007

Chapter 1. INS Concept

INS Added Value in Comparison with Stand-Alone Equipment

INS ADDED VALUE IN COMPARISON WITH STAND-ALONE EQUIPMENT

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Tasks Accomplished by INS

Chapter 1. INS Concept

Fig. 1. Transas INS Structure

Conning/Alarm panel Multifunctional workstation

RADAR Master S-band Multifunctional workstation

ECDIS Master Multifunctional workstation

Route Planning Station Multifunctional workstation

Chapter 1. INS Concept

Copyright Transas Ltd., 2007

Physical Layout of INS Equipment

PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF INS EQUIPMENT

The following tasks can be installed on the workstations (Network configuration):

Master Station for S-band radar/ Multifunctional workstation

ECDIS Master/ Multifunctional workstation

Route Planning Station/ Multifunctional workstation

Chapter 2. Operating Principles

Transas INS Start-Stop and Default Settings

TRANSAS INS START-STOP AND DEFAULT SETTINGS

The WS is then turned off with On/Off button on the console.

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Chapter 2. Operating Principles

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Four Main INS Tasks

FOUR MAIN INS TASKS

Chapter 2. Operating Principles

Four Main INS Tasks

Display of Navigational (Essential) Information

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Four Main INS Tasks

No Input, No Data or Corrupted Checksum Situation

Data Has Not Passed Validity or Plausibility Check

If plausibility check is not passed:

Chapter 2. Operating Principles

Transas INS User Interface

TRANSAS INS USER INTERFACE

TRANSAS INS (v. 1.11.002). Functional Description

Transas INS User Interface

User Interface Components

Chapter 2. Operating Principles

Transas INS User Interface

Control Panel Windows