Tenn Algebra 2 EOC Practice Workbook

TENNESSEE
EOC Test Preparation Workbook

Algebra II
Copyright by Houghton Mifin Harcourt Publishing Company
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iii
Contents
To the Student v
Algebra II State Performance Indicators vi
Pre Test 1
Standards Review and Practice
Mathematical Processes
State Performance Indicator 3103.1.1 21
Number & Operations
Algebra
iv
Geometry & Measurement
Data Analysis, Statistics, & Probability
Post Test 97
Answer Grids 117
v
These practice activities are correlated to the state performance indicators for Algebra II
and are designed to prepare you to take Tennessees high school assessment test. The
practice tests reect the type of wording likely to be encountered on the actual test.
To the Student
Mathematics State Performance Indicators Algebra II vi
Mathematics State Performance Indicators
ALGEBRA II
Standard 1 Mathematical Processes
SPI 3103.1.1 Move exibly between multiple representations (contextual, physical, written, verbal,
iconic/pictorial, graphical, tabular, and symbolic) of non-linear and transcendental
functions to solve problems, to model mathematical ideas, and to communicate solution
strategies.
SPI 3103.1.2 Recognize and describe errors in data collection and analysis as well as identifying
representations of data as being accurate or misleading.
SPI 3103.1.3 Use technology tools to identify and describe patterns in data using non-linear and
transcendental functions that approximate data as well as using those functions to solve
contextual problems.
SPI 3103.1.4 Use mathematical language, symbols, denitions, proofs and counterexamples correctly
and precisely to effectively communicate reasoning in the process of solving problems
via mathematical modeling with both linear and non-linear functions.
Standard 2 Number & Operations
State Performance Indicators:
SPI 3103.2.1 Describe any number in the complex number system.
SPI 3103.2.2 Compute with all real and complex numbers.
SPI 3103.2.3 Use the number system, from real to complex, to solve equations and contextual problems.
Standard 3 Algebra
SPI 3103.3.1 Add, subtract and multiply polynomials; divide a polynomial by a lower degree polynomial.
SPI 3103.3.2 Solve quadratic equations and systems, and determine roots of a higher order polynomial.
SPI 3103.3.3 Add, subtract, multiply, divide and simplify rational expressions including those with
rational and negative exponents.
SPI 3103.3.4 Use the formulas for the general term and summation of nite arithmetic and both nite
and innite geometric series.
SPI 3103.3.5 Describe the domain and range of functions and articulate restrictions imposed either by
the operations or by the contextual situations which the functions represent.
SPI 3103.3.6 Combine functions (such as polynomial, rational, radical and absolute value expressions)
by addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or by composition and evaluate at speci-
ed values of their variables.
SPI 3103.3.7 Identify whether a function has an inverse, whether two functions are inverses of each
other, and/or explain why their graphs are reections over the line y = x.
vii Algebra II Mathematics State Performance Indicators
SPI 3103.3.8 Solve systems of three linear equations in three variables.
SPI 3103.3.9 Graph the solution set of two or three linear or quadratic inequalities.
SPI 3103.3.10 Identify and/or graph a variety of functions and their transformations.
SPI 3103.3.11 Graph conic sections (circles, parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas) and understand the
relationship between the standard form and the key characteristics of the graph.
SPI 3103.3.12 Interpret graphs that depict real-world phenomena.
SPI 3103.3.13 Solve contextual problems using quadratic, rational, radical and exponential equations,
nite geometric series or systems of equations.
SPI 3103.3.14 Solve problems involving the binomial theorem and its connection to Pascals Triangle,
combinatorics, and probability.
Standard 4 Geometry & Measurement
SPI 3103.4.1 Exhibit knowledge of unit circle trigonometry.
SPI 3103.4.2 Match graphs of basic trigonometric functions with their equations.
SPI 3103.4.3 Describe and articulate the characteristics and parameters of parent trigonometric functions
to solve contextual problems.
Standard 5 Data Analysis, Statistics, & Probability
SPI 3103.5.1 Compute, compare and explain summary statistics for distributions of data including
measures of center and spread.
SPI 3103.5.2 Compare data sets using graphs and summary statistics.
SPI 3103.5.3 Analyze patterns in a scatter-plot and describe relationships in both linear and non-
linear data.
SPI 3103.5.4 Apply the characteristics of the normal distribution.
SPI 3103.5.5 Determine differences between randomized experiments and observational studies.
SPI 3103.5.6 Find the regression curve that best ts both linear and non-linear data (using technology
such as a graphing calculator) and use it to make predictions.
SPI 3103.5.7 Determine/recognize when the correlation coefcient measures goodness of t.
SPI 3103.5.8 Apply probability concepts such as conditional probability and independent events to
calculate simple probability.
Mathematics State Performance
Indicators (continued)

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Pre Test 1 Algebra II Tennessee
GO ON
Pre Test
1 Which is the equation of the resulting
function when the graph of y 5 x
2
2 1 is
moved down 6 units?
A y 5 26x
2
2 1 C y 5 x
2
1 5
B y 5 6x
2
2 1 D y 5 x
2
2 7
2 In the diagram below, what does the set A
represent?
Whole
Numbers
Natural
Numbers
Rational
Numbers
Irrational
Numbers
A
F the complex numbers
G the set of repeating decimals
H the integers
J the real numbers
3 Which of the following is true about the
data sets?
Set A {6, 10, 7, 7, 9, 2, 8}
Set B {11, 15, 12, 12, 14, 7, 13}
A The standard deviations are not the
same.
B The mean of Set A is 5 less than the
mean of Set B.
C The medians are equal.
D The modes are the same.
4
Simplify

5y 1 2

}

xy
2

1

2x 2 4

}

4xy

.
F
20xy
2
1 8xy 1 2x 2 4
}}
4xy

G
2x
2
y
2
2 4xy
2
1 5y 1 2
}}
xy
2

H
5x 2 2y 2 2
}
xy
2
1 4xy

J
xy 1 8y 1 4
}
2xy
2

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2 Pre Test Algebra II Tennessee
Name

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Pre Test (continued)

GO ON
5 Which equation represents the hyperbola
with its foci labeled in the graph below?
x
y
O
2
2
41) (0,
41) (0, 2
A
y
2
}
16
1
x
2
}
25
5 1
B
y
2
}
25
1
x
2
}
16
5 1
C
y
2
}
16
2
x
2
}
25
5 1
D
y
2
}
25
2
x
2
}
16
5 1
6 Find the range of (x) 5 x
2
2 4.
F 1 x 2 22 or 2
G 1 x 2 $ 24
H x $ 0
J 2` ,
x
, `
7 A newspaper included the following
graph in an article that concluded that the
value of a collectable doll had increased
dramatically since it was released in 1960.
Is this an accurate statement?
V
a
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(
d
o
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l
a
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s
)
0
270
260
250
Year
Value of Collectable Doll
1
9
6
0
1
9
7
0
1
9
8
0
1
9
9
0
2
0
0
0
A No; the broken axis and small
increments used for the vertical scale
make the graph appear to be steep,
implying that the value increased
quickly.
B No; the years on the horizontal axis
are too spread out.
C No; the value of the collectible doll
actually decreased over time.
D Yes, it is an accurate statement.
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10 What are the rational zeros of
(x) 5 2x
3
1 x
2
1 2x 1 1?
F 2
1
}
2
, 2i, and i
G 21 and 2
1
}
2

H 2
1
}
2

J 21, 2
1
}
2
,
1
}
2
, and 1
11 What is the solution of the system shown
below?
3x 1 2y 2 z 5 21
x 2 y 1 z 5 23
22x 1 4y 2 3z 5 8
A (2, 22, 5)
B (0, 1, 22)
C (21, 0, 22)
D (21, 0, 2)
8 Which is the graph of the function
y 5 2(x 2 4)
2
2 3?
x
y
2
4
O
4 8 24 26
24
26
28
A
B
C
D
F graph A
G graph B
H graph C
J graph D
9 Which type of trigonometric function is
represented by the graph below?
x
y
22
21
1
2
22p 2p p 2p
O
A cosecant
B secant
C cotangent
D tangent

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Algebra II Tennessee 4 Pre Test
Name

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14 A student writes four different models
for data in a scatter plot. The correlation
coefcient for each model is listed below.
Which correlation coefcient indicates
the model that has the best t to the data?
F r 5 0.03
G r 5 0.67
H r 5 20.95
J r 5 20.53
15 Consider the real numbers a, b, and c,
such that a > b, b > c, and c < 0. Which of
the following statements must be true?
A ac , bc
B
a
}
c
.
b
}
c

C a 1 c . 0
D a 1 c , b 1 c
12 What is the domain of the function shown
in this graph?
1
x
y
22
F 22 , x , 5 H 23 , x # 4
G 22 # x # 5 J 23 # x # 4
13 A population of 300 turtles increases at
a rate of about 40% per year. Write an
exponential growth model giving the
population y after t years, and estimate the
population after 5 years.
A y 5 300(0.60)
t
; about 23 turtles
B y 5 300(1.40)
t
; about 1307 turtles
C y 5 300(1.40)
t
; about 1613 turtles
D y 5 300 1 (1.40)
t
; about 305 turtles
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18 An opinion poll is to be conducted on
federal funding for education. Which
sampling method would give the least
biased results?
F calling 2500 randomly chosen
households nationwide
G calling 2500 randomly chosen
households in California
H calling 2500 randomly chosen
households in the Northeast
J calling 2500 randomly chosen
members of educational
organizations
19 Which statistic has the greatest value
for the set of data 4, 7, 5, 6, 3, 8, 3, 7, 9,
6, 5, 7?
A mean
B median
C mode
D range
16 What is the solution to the system of
equations shown below?
4x 2 3y 1 z 5 28
22x 1 y 2 3z 5 24
x 2 y 1 2z 5 3
F (1, 22, 4)
G (21, 4, 22)
H (22, 3, 1)
J (22, 1, 3)
17 A set of data has a normal distribution
with a mean of 126 and a standard
deviation of 16. What value is one
standard deviation below the mean?
A 110
B 142
C 122
D 118

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22 Which system of linear inequalities is
y
x
22
4
F
{

x 1 6y $ 4
x 2 y # 3
G
{

x 1 6y # 4
x 2 y . 3
H
{

x 1 6y , 4
x 2 y , 3
J
{

x 1 6y . 4
x 2 y $ 3

20
Simplify
5y 2 15
}
10y 2 5
?
8y 2 4
}
3y 2 9
.
F
4
}
3

G
8
}
3

H
y 2 3
}
2y 2 1

J
2y 1 1
}
y 1 3

21 Which expression represents f ( g (x)) if
f (x) 5 x
3
and g(x) 5 2x 2 1?
A (2x 2 1)
3
B 2x
3
2 1
C 2x
4
2 x
3
D x
3
1 2x 2 1
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24 The table below shows the population of
Texas (in millions) for select years since
1950.
Years since
1950
Population
(in millions)
0 7.7
10 9.6
20 11.2
30 14.2
40 17.0
50 20.9
Which model approximates the data in the
table?
F y 5 20.002x
2
1 0.21x 1 7.7
G y 5 7.7(1.02)
x
H y 5 0.3x 1 7
J y 5 (7.7 ? 1.02)
x
23 A survey is to be conducted on the
exercise habits of high school students.
Which sampling method would give the
least biased results?
A randomly choosing 600 students
from the same school and having
them complete a questionnaire
during their physical education class
at school
B randomly choosing 600 students
across a state and having them
complete a questionnaire during
their after-school sports practice
C randomly choosing 600 students
across a state and having them
complete a questionnaire during
their physical education class at
school
D randomly choosing 600 students
from several city schools and having
them complete a questionnaire
during their lunch period at school

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27 The height of the tip of the second hand
of a wall clock in a classroom can be
modeled by a sine curve.
2
4
6
8
1 2 3 4
Time (min)
H
e
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h
t

(
f
t
)
0
0
x
y
What are the period and amplitude of the
function?
A period 5 0.5 min; amplitude 5 0.5 ft
B period 5 0.5 min; amplitude 5 1 ft
C period 5 1 min; amplitude 5 0.5 ft
D period 5 1 min; amplitude 5 1 ft
25 A news service surveys prospective voters
by calling them at home between 1 P.M.
and 3 P.M. on Monday. Which statement
describes the most serious problem with
this survey process?
A The time period is not long enough.
B The survey should also be conducted
on Tuesday.
C A phone survey does not yield
meaningful results.
D Many people are working during the
time of the survey.
26 What is 25 2 (3 1 i ) 2 (8 1 2i )
written as a complex number in
standard form?
F 16 1 3i
G 16 2 3i
H 216 1 3i
J 216 2 3i
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29 The scatter plot represents the number of
pages and the price for eight novels.

Number of Pages
P
r
i
c
e

(
$
)
Price of NoveI vs.
Number of Pages in NoveI

What is the difference between the price
of a 300-page novel based on the given
trend line and the actual price of a
300-page novel?
A $3
B $5
C $27
D $30
28 Which expression is equivalent to

(2a
4
b
2
)
3
(27ab
9
)
0
}}
23a
10
b
24
?
F
14b
15
}
3a
5

G
22b
9
}
a
3

H
28a
2
b
10
}
3

J
56a
3
b
19
}
3

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32 What is the sum of the innite geometric
series 1 1
1
}
3
1
1
}
9
1
1
}
27
1
?
F
2
}
5

G
2
}
3

H
3
}
2

J Does not exist.
33 The diagram below shows a 60 angle in
standard position with its terminal side
intersecting the unit circle at (x, y).
x
y
r

5

1
(x, y)
608
Which of the following statements is not
true?
A x 5
1
}
2

B x 5
}
3
}
2

C x 5 cos 60
D y 5 sin 60
30 What is the solution set of the equation
log
2
x 1 log
2
(x 2 3) 5 2?
F {21, 4}
G {4}
H {21}
J {1, 4}
31 The gure below represents a normal
distribution. What are the mean and
standard deviation of the data?

34% 34%
27 36 45 54 63
13.5% 13.5%
2.5% 2.5%
A mean: 45; standard deviation: 3
B mean: 45; standard deviation: 36
C mean: 45; standard deviation: 9
D mean: 45; standard deviation: 18
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35 Let f (x) 5 3x 2 2. In nding the inverse
of the function, Martin wrote the
following solution on the chalkboard.
His nal answer is incorrect.
y 5 3x 2 2
x 5 3y 2 2
x 1 2 5 3y
x 1
2
}
3
5 y
Which statement describes his error?
A He should have solved for x rst,
then switched x and y.
B He should have multiplied x by 3
before adding 2 to each side.
C He should have divided each term
by 3.
D He should have subtracted 2 from
each side.
34 The data in the table show the annual
average monthly highs y (in F) for a
city, where x 5 1 represents the month of
January.
x y
1 37
2 39
3 46
4 56
5 67
6 76
7 82
8 80
9 72
10 62
11 52
12 42
Use a graphing calculator to make a
scatter plot of the data. What type of
model would best t the data in the table?
F linear
G quadratic
H exponential
J sinusoidal

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37 The scatter plot below represents the
amount of baggage mishandled by an
airline compared to the percent of its
ights that arrive on time.
x
y
0
0 4 5 6 7 8
50
60
70
80
90
Mishandled Baggage
(per thousand passengers)
P
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n
t

O
n
-
T
i
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e

A
r
r
i
v
a
l
s
Which best describes the correlation, if
any, illustrated by the scatter plot?
A no correlation
B left correlation
C positive correlation
D negative correlation
36 The scatter plot shows the average cost of
a movie ticket in the United States, where
x is the number of years since 1975.
x
y
Years since 1975
Average U.S. Ticket Price
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
P
r
i
c
e

(
d
o
l
l
a
r
s
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
Which type of relationship appears to be
the least likely to exist among the data?
F linear H quadratic
G exponential J logarithmic
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40 To which set(s) does the number p
belong?
F whole numbers, natural numbers
G rational numbers, integers, whole
numbers, natural numbers
H irrational numbers
J imaginary numbers
41 A variable has a normal probability
distribution with mean 94 and standard
deviation 3. What is the probability that
the variable takes a value between 85
and 103?
A 68%
B 95%
C 99.7%
D 99.9%
38 Simplify

2

}

1 2 i

.
F 1 2 i
G 1 1 i
H 2 2 2i
J 3
39 The table shows the distance Jenny rides
her bike (in kilometers) each week.
Week 1 2 3 4 5
Distance 40 44 48 56 59
Choose the equation that best estimates
the regression line for the data, and
use it to estimate the distance she rides in
week 6.
A y 5 5x 1 34; 64 km
B y 5 4x 1 36; 54 km
C y 5 4x 1 48; 72 km
D y 5 6x 1 34; 70 km

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44 The scatter plot shows Erins time for a
one-mile run each week for 8 weeks.
x
y
2
9
10
11
12
12 10 8 6 4
Week
Time for One-Mile Run
M
i
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u
t
e
s
Using the line of best t for the data,
which is the best prediction of Erins time
in week 10?
F 10 min
G 9.5 min
H 9 min
J 8.5 min
42 Monique found the zeros of the function
y 5 6x
2
1 19x 1 3 to be 2
1
}
6
and 23.
What are the roots of the equation
6x
2
1 19x 5 23?
F 26 and 2
1
}
3
H
1
}
6
and 3
G 6 and
1
}
3
J 2
1
}
6
and 23
43 Solve 3x
2
1 14 5 2.
A x 5
4
}
3
}
3

B x 5 2i
C x 5 62i
D x 5 62
}
3 i
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47 In a high school, the probability that a
student is taking art and music is 0.03.
The probability that a student is taking art
is 0.15. What is P(music ) art)?
A 0.0045
B 0.18
C 0.2
D 0.5
48 The graphs of the functions f and g are
shown below. What is ( f 1 g)(24)?
x
y
O
2 24 28 216 212
28
4
8
12
24
f
g
y

5

x

1

2
y

5

2

x

2

4
1
2
F 24
G 23
H 22
J 0
45 Let f (x) 5 x
3
2 7x
2
1 2x 1 40 and
g(x) 5 x 2 5.
Find
f (x)
}
g(x)
.
A x
2
2 2x 2 8
B x
2
1 2x 1 8
C x
3
1 7x
2
2 35
D x
3
2 7x
2
1 3x 1 35
data sets?
Set A {3, 7, 10, 5, 8, 4, 3, 6}
Set B {5, 5, 12, 6, 4, 2, 7, 9}
F The means are equal.
G The medians are equal.
H The modes are equal.
J The standard deviations are equal.

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51
The graph of
x
2

}

4

1

y
2

}

16

5 1 is an ellipse.
Which set of points represents the foci of
the ellipse?
A (0, 12); (0, 212)
B (12, 0); (212, 0)
C (2
}
3 , 0); (22
}
3 , 0)
D (0, 2
}
3 ); (0, 22
}
3 )
52 Use the unit circle below to determine the
exact value of tan 60.
x
y
608
(
,
)
1
2
3
2
!
F
}
3
G
}
3
}
2

H
1 1
}
3
}
2

J
1
}
2

49 A teachers Web site requires a password
that is 5 digits long with no digits
repeated. The teacher uses a computer
program to produce 5-digit passwords and
distributes them randomly to the students.
What is the probability that a student will
receive a 5-digit password of consecutive
numbers in increasing order?
A about 0.008
B about 0.004
C about 0.002
D about 0.0002
50 What is the inverse of (x) 5

8

}

27
x
3
?
F g(x) 5
3
}
2

3

}
x
G g(x) 5
3
}
2
x
3
H g(x) 5
3

}

2
}
3
x
J g(x) 5
2
}
3

3

}
x
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55 What is the measure of the angle in
standard position shown below?
x
y
A 2210
B 2150
C 150
D 210
56 Use the quadratic formula to solve the
equation 4x(x 2 2) 1 1 5 0.
F x 5
22 6
}
3
}
2

G x 5
2 6
}
3
}
2

H x 5
3 6
}
17
}
2

J x 5 1 6 2
}
5
53 Divide 2x
2
2 1 q
ww
6x
4
1 4x
3
2 2x
2
2 2 .
A 3x
2
1 2x 2
x
2
1 2x 2 2
}
2x
2
2 1

B 3x
2
1 1 1
2x
2
2 1
}
x
2
1 2x 2 2

C 3x
2
1 2x 1
1
}
2
1
2x 2
3
}
2

}
2x
2
2 1

D 6x
4
1 1 2
x
2
2 2
}
2x
2
2 1

54 A football is kicked so that the height
above the ground, in feet, after t seconds
is given by the function y 5 26.4t
2
1 32t.
What is the maximum height reached by
the football?
F 50 ft
G 40 ft
H 38.4 ft
J 32 ft

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59 The rst term of an arithmetic sequence is
7 and the 15
th
term is 49. What is the 20
th

term of the sequence?
A 57
B 60
C 64
D 67
60 A landscape company is having a tree
sale. Five maple trees and 6 ash trees are
on sale for $83. Nine maple trees and
11 ash trees are on sale for $151.What is
the cost of an ash tree?
F $7 H $14
G $8 J $16
57 Gina has a bag containing 9 red marbles,
12 blue marbles, and 7 green marbles.
She randomly selects a marble from the
bag, replaces it, and then randomly selects
another marble. What is the probability
the two marbles she selects are blue?
A about 0.184
B about 0.168
C about 0.103
D 0.0625
58 Chloe uses the following steps to nd the
value of x when f (x) 5 0 for the function
f (x) 5
}
3 2 2x 2 5.
Step 1: 0 5
}
3 2 2x 2 5
Step 2: 0 5 3 2 2x 1 25
Step 3: 2x 5 28
Step 4: x 5 14
Is Chloes answer correct? If not, in which
step did she make her rst error?
F no; Step 1
G no; Step 2
H no; Step 3
J yes
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62 Samantha threw a paper airplane into the
air. The ight path was part of a parabola,
as shown below.

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1 0 2 3 4 9 5 6 7 8
Distance (ft)
x
y
8
10
12
14
16
18
4
6
2
0
What was the maximum height the plane
reached?
F 4 ft
G 9 ft
H 20 ft
J 24 ft
61 Subtract 2x
3
1 4x
2
2 x 1 8 from
x
3
2 6x 1 10.
A 22x
3
1 4x
2
2 5x 1 2
B 2x
3
2 4x
2
2 5x 1 2
C 2x
3
1 4x
2
2 7x 1 18
D 2x
3
2 5x 1 2

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64 Which polynomial represents
(2x
2
1 x 2 5)(3x 1 4)?
F 8x
3
2 20
G 8x
2
1 4x 2 20
H 6x
3
1 3x
2
2 15x
J 6x
3
1 11x
2
2 11x 2 20
65 Which function is represented below?
x
y
O
21
1
2p p p
2
p
2
2
A cos 2x
B 2 cos x
C
1
}
2
cos 2x
D 2 cos 2x
63 Which graph is the solution to the
system?

{
y # x 1 2
y , 2x 1 3
A
2
2
2
4
6
8
6
8
6 6
y
x
8
B
2
2
2
4
6
8
6
8
6
y
x
8 6
C
2
2
2
4
6
8
6
8
6 6
y
x
8
D
2
2
2
4
6
8
6
8
6
y
x
8 6
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SPI 3103 21 Algebra II Tennessee
GO ON
SPI 3103.1.1
Move exibly between multiple representations (contextual, physical,
written, verbal, iconic/pictoral, graphical, tabular, and symbolic) of
non-linear and transcendental functions to solve problems, to model
mathematical ideas, and to communicate solution strategies.
1 Mr. Jackson deposits $5000 in an account
that pays 2.25% annual interest. Which
equation gives the amount in the account
A after t years if interest is compounded
annually?
A A 5 5000 1 (1.0225)
t
B A 5 5000(1.0225)
t
C A 5 5000(1.225)
t
D A 5 5000
1
1 1
0.0225
}
12

2

t

2 The length of a rectangular yard is
2 meters longer than twice its width.
Which function gives the area of the yard
in terms of the length x?
F f (x) 5 0.5(x
2
2 x)
G f (x) 5 0.5x
2
2 1
H f (x) 5 2(x 2 2)
2
J f (x) 5 0.5x
2
2 x
In approaching a mathematical problem, remember that you have many types of tools available.
Dont be afraid to use different kinds of descriptions or representations to help you understand and
solve a problem.
EXAMPLE
A savings account earns 3% compounded annually. Write an expression for the amount A in the
account after t years.
Year Amount
0 A
1 A 1 0.03A 5 A(1.03)
2 A(1.03) 1 A(1.03)(0.03) 5 A(1.03)(1 1 0.03)
5 A(1.03)(1.03)
5 A(1.03)
2
3 A(1.03)
2
1 A(1.03)
2
(0.03) 5 A(1.03)
2
(1 1 0.03)
5 A(1.03)
2
(1.03)
5 A(1.03)
3

: :
t A(1.03)
t

To find the amount in an account that earns interest compounded annually after a given number of
years, first add the interest rate as a decimal to 1. Calculate the power with this number as the base
and the number of years as the exponent. Then multiply the result by the original amount in the
account.

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Algebra II Tennessee 22 SPI 3103
Name

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5 Which function gives the distance from

the point at (3, 0) to a point on the line
y 5 2x 1 7 as a function of just x?
A f (x) 5 (x 2 3)(2x 1 7)
B f (x) 5
2x 1 7
}
x 2 3

C f (x) 5 x 2 3 1 2x 1 7
D f (x) 5
}}
(3 2 x)
2
1 (2x 1 7)
2

6 There was one cracked cement square in
a sidewalk, as indicated by the shaded
square. A construction company is adding
squares to the sidewalk as shown in the
steps below.
Step 3
Step 2
Step 1
Which function will give the ratio of
shaded squares to unshaded squares at the
nth step of the gure? (Hint: In Step 4,
the ratio of shaded squares to unshaded
squares is 1 to 16.)
F f (n) 5
1
}
2
n H f (n) 5
1
}
2
n
2
G f (n) 5
1

1
}
2

2

n
J f (n) 5 2
n
3 Marlene and Hali are playing catch.
They each throw a tennis ball at the same
time. The graph shows the ight of the
2 balls. Which statement is true about this
situation?
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f
t
)
0
10 20 30 0 40
20
10
Distance (ft)
x
y
Marlene
Hali
A Marlenes ball goes higher and
farther.
B Marlenes ball goes lower but farther.
C Halis ball goes higher and farther.
D Halis ball goes lower but farther.
4 The graph shows the wind speed as a
storm develops. To the nearest whole
number, what was the average increase in
wind speed per minute between 10 and 15
minutes?
Time (min)
W
i
n
d

s
p
e
e
d

(
m
i
/
h
)
0 5 10 15
20
15
10
5
0
x
y
F 2 mi/h H 3 mi/h
per minute per minute
G 5 mi/h J 10 mi/h
per minute per minute
SPI 3103.1.1 (continued)
GO ON
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2 A biologist wants to test for germs in lake
water. Which sampling method will give
the most representative sample?
F collect water samples from
20 random locations from a grid of
the lake
G collect water samples from
20 locations along the shoreline
H collect water samples from
20 locations on the northern end
of the lake
J collect water samples at 20 different
depths from a boat in the middle of
the lake
1 The salaries of several people in a
company are listed. Which measure will
best represent the salary of a typical
employee?
President $234,560
Vice President $156,090
Manager $95,000
Clerk $30,000
Clerk $27,000
Warehouse clerk $22,000
Warehouse clerk $21,500
Secretary $18,000
Customer Service $17,500
Customer Service $17,500
A mean C mode
B median D range
GO ON
SPI 3103.1.2
Recognize and describe errors in data collection and analysis as well as
identifying representations of data as being accurate or misleading.
Data should be collected and presented in a way that avoids bias. In reading a report or summary of
data, keep in mind the following questions:
Is the data set large enough? Was the data collection technique appropriate? Are graphs properly
constructed? Do the conclusions avoid unfounded inferences?
EXAMPLE
A phone survey of 1140 randomly selected households in
a small town produced the data summarized in the chart.
On this basis, the study concluded that a typical income
for this town was about $30,000 per year. Is this a sound
conclusion?
If typical refers to the median income, the conclusion is
reasonable, because roughly half of households lie on
either side of $30,000.
If typical refers to the mean income, the conclusion is
unfounded. The mean is almost certainly $35,000 or higher.
The unequal intervals from 0 to $60 thousand are a questionable aspect of the graphs construction.
0220
100
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200
300
400
20225 25235
Annual Income
($1000)
35260 .60

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SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 24
Name

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3 The graph below shows the sales for
a company over a two-month period.
Trisha claims that there was a signicant
decrease in sales from June to July. Is this
an accurate statement?
Monthly Sales
6.03
6.01
6.07
6.05
6.09
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s

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f

d
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a
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s
)
June July
Month
A No; the scale on the vertical axis
does not start at 0 and is very small,
which makes it appear that sales in
July were signicantly lower than
sales in June.
B No; the monthly sales actually
increased from June to July.
C No; the scale on the vertical axis is
too large.
D Yes, the statement is accurate.
4 The line graph shows the temperature at
the beginning of each hour one morning.
Trevor claims that the temperature
increased slowly throughout the morning.
Is this an accurate statement?
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
8
F
)
0
7 8 9 10 11 6
80
60
40
20
Time (A.M.)
Temperature Readings
F No; there are not enough data points
to make this statement.
G No; the scale on the vertical axis
compresses the graph, making
it appear that the temperature
increased slowly when in fact it
increased rapidly.
H No; the temperature slowly
decreased throughout the morning.
J Yes, this is an accurate statement.
GO ON
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SPI 3103.1.3
Use technology tools to identify and describe patterns in data using
non-linear and transcendental functions that approximate data as well as
using those functions to solve contextual problems.
To find an appropriate model for a data set, examine the data and/or its graph for hints of an
appropriate type of model. A calculators regression feature can then help you find an equation of a
model. The closer the value of r
2
(the square of the correlation coefficient) is to 1, the better the model.
Once you have a model, you can use it to make predictions. A prediction is most reliable for values of
the independent variable that lie between or near the minimum and maximum domain values of the data.
EXAMPLE
Consider the following data:
(3.6, 21.5), (14.1, 493.8), (29.3, 2674.5), (40.5, 5629.3)
a. Find the equation of an appropriate model.
b. Use your model to predict the value of y to the nearest hundred when x 5 21.5.
Solution
a. The data are clearly not linear. A sketch shows a curved, basically parabolic graph. Enter the
data into a calculator and try a quadratic regression model:
y < 4.21x
2
2 34.5x 1 107
r
2
5 0.999845 Very close to 1, indicating a good fit
b. When x 5 21.5, y < 4.21(21.5)
2
2 34.5(21.5) 1 107 < 1300.
Experimenting further with a calculator shows that an exponential model is a much poorer fit
(r
2
< 0.91), but that the power model y < 1.13x
2.30
is an even better fit (r
2
< 0.999999).
GO ON

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1 The table shows the number of hours per
year a person spent playing video games
for the years from 2005 to 2009.
Year Hours Playing
Video Games
2005 73
2006 76
2007 85
2008 101
2009 116
If x 5 5 represents 2005, which of the
following polynomial functions best
approximates the data in the table?
A f (x) 5 11x 1 13, 5 # x # 9
B f (x) 5 2.2x
2
2 19x 1 117, 5 # x # 9
C f (x) 5 20.583x
3
1 14.46x
2

2 103.7x 1 303, 5 # x # 9
D f (x) 5 20.3750x
4
2 9.917x
3

2 94.13x
2
1 387.6x
2 517, 5 # x # 9
2 The table shows the height s in feet above
ground of an object t seconds after it is
launched.
t h
0 50
1 98.8
2 115.6
3 100.4
4 53.2
Which function models the data in the
table?
F s (t) 5 216t
2
2 64.8t 1 50
G s (t) 5 16t
2
2 64.8t 1 50
H s (t) 5 16t
2
1 64.8t 1 50
J s (t) 5 216t
2
1 64.8t 1 50
3 The table below shows the number of
gallons of bottled water a person drank
per year for a select number of years.
Year Gallons
of Water
1980 2.7
1985 4.5
1990 8.8
1995 11.6
2000 16.7
2005 25.5
An exponential function that
approximates this data is f (x) 5 3(1.09)
x
,
where x 5 0 represents 1980. According
to the model, how many gallons of water
did a person drink in 2007?
A about 13.0 gal
B about 30.7 gal
C about 72.8 gal
D about 88.3 gal
GO ON
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2 Arlene believes that the function
f (n) 5 n
2
1 n 1 17 always produces
prime numbers for n, a positive
number. Which of the following is a
counterexample?
F f (1)
G f (2)
H f (5)
J f (7)
1 Which is the rst incorrect step in
simplifying (3
3
p 4
3
)
21/3
?
Step 1: (3
3
p 4
3
)
21/3
5 1 (3 p 4)
3
2
21/3
Step 2: 5 1 (12)
3
2
21/3
Step 3: 5 12
23
Step 4: 5
1
}
12
3

A Step 1
B Step 2
C Step 3
D Step 4
GO ON
SPI 3103.1.4
Use mathematical language, symbols, denitions, proofs and counter-
examples correctly and precisely to effectively communicate reasoning
in the process of solving problems via mathematical modeling with both
linear and non-linear functions.
A counterexample is an example that disproves a hypothesis, proposition, or theorem.
EXAMPLE
Geri believes that the squares of two natural numbers {1, 2, 3, } cannot add up to the square
of another natural number. Give a counterexample.
Solution
Make a table of squares for the natural numbers:
n n
2
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
From the table, it is apparent that 9 1 16 5 25, or 3
2
1 4
2
5 5
2
. The squares of the natural numbers
3 and 4 add up to the square of the natural number 5. This fact is a counterexample that disproves
Geris hypothesis.

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6 Which of the following statements is true

for 2
n
$ n
2
, where n is a real number?
F 2
n
$ n
2
is always true.
G 2
n
$ n
2
is sometimes true.
H 2
n
$ n
2
is never true.
J 2
n
$ n
2
is only true for n 5 21 .
7 Elena correctly solved a system of
equations and got 0 5 5 for a solution.
What can she conclude about the graph of
the system?
A The equations are the same line.
B The lines intersect at (0, 5).
C The lines are parallel.
D The lines intersect at (5, 0).
8 Assume the statement
1 1 2 1 2
2
1
. . .
1 2
n 2 1
5 2
n
2 1
is true for all positive integers, n.
Cory is asked to verify the statement
for n 5 5. His work is shown below:
2
n21
5 2
n
2 1
2
521
0 2
5
2 1
2
4
0 32 2 1
16 31
Based on Corys work, which of the
following can be concluded?
F The statement is true for all n except 5.
G The statement is false.
H Cory made an error.
J Not enough information is given.
3 Which of the following conclusions is
true for the statement below?
log
b
mn 5 log
b
m 1 log
b
n
A The statement is never true.
B The statement is always true.
C The statement is true when m and n
are both negative.
D The statement is true when m and n
are both positive.
4 Which of the following statements is
correct about the expression below?

26 2 3x
}
x
2
2 6x 1 8

F The expression is dened for all real
numbers.
G The expression is dened for all real
numbers except when x 5 2 or 4 .
H The expression is dened for all
positive real numbers.
J The expression is dened for all real
numbers except when x 5 4 .
5 Consider the equation log
a
b 5 0 for
positive numbers a. Which statement is
valid for real values of b ?
A b 5 0
B b 5 1
C b # 0
D b . 1
GO ON
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1 To which sets does the number 2
2
}
3

belong?
A real numbers, rational numbers, and
negative integers
B rational numbers and real numbers
only
C rational numbers, complex numbers,
and real numbers
D irrational numbers, complex
numbers, and real numbers
GO ON
SPI 3103.2.1
Describe any number in the complex number system.
Terms to Know Example
A complex number written in standard form
is a number in the form a 1 bi where a and b are
real numbers. The number a is the real part of the
complex number, and the number bi is the imaginary
part.
7 2 i and 3 1 8i are complex numbers.
If b 0, then a 1 bi is an imaginary number. 4 1 3i and 5i are imaginary numbers.
A complex plane is a coordinate plane in which
each point (a, b) represents a complex number
a 1 bi. The horizontal axis is the real axis, and the
vertical axis is the imaginary axis.
i
1
imaginary
real
2 In the diagram below, what does the set A
represent?

Real Numbers
Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers
A
Whole Numbers
Natural Numbers
F complex numbers
G integers
H imaginary numbers
J terminating decimals

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6 Which point on the complex plane below

shows the location of 4 2 2i ?
i
1 real
M
N
O
L
imaginary
F L H N
G M J O
5 Which quadrant of the complex plane
contains the point 22 1 i ?
A Quadrant I
B Quadrant II
C Quadrant III
D Quadrant IV
GO ON
7 If z 5 4 2 3i, what is |z|?
A 1 C 5
B
}
7 D 25
8 What is the absolute value of the complex
number graphed below?
i
1
imaginary
real
F
}
5 H
}
13
G
}
7 J 13
3 Which one of the following is a true
statement?
A The set of irrational numbers is a
subset of the set of rational numbers.
B i
}
2 is an irrational number.
C 0 is not a whole number.
D Any whole number is also a complex
number.
4 Which numbers are irrational numbers in
the set below?

H
24.
}
7 , 22
}
3 , 22, 0,
1
}
8
,
}
26 ,
J

F
H
22
}
3 ,
J

G
H
24.
}
7 , 22
}
3 ,
}
26 ,
J

H
H
24.
}
7 , 22
}
3
J

J
H
22
}
3 , ,
}
26
J

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GO ON
1 Simplify 3i(5i).
A 15i
B 215
C 8i
D 8i
2

2 Simplify 3i 1 (2 2 i).
F 4i
G 6i
H 2 2 2i
J 2 1 2i
SPI 3103.2.2
Compute with all real and complex numbers.
Complex Conjugates Example
Two complex numbers of the form a 1 bi and
a 2 bi are called complex conjugates. The
product of complex conjugates is always a real
number.
2 1 3i and 2 2 3i are complex conjugates.
(2 1 3i)(2 2 3i) 5 4 2 6i 1 6i 2 9i
2
5 4 1 9
5 13
Complex Number Operations Example
To add (or subtract) two complex numbers, add (or
subtract) their real parts and their imaginary parts
separately.
Sum of complex numbers:
(a 1 bi) 1 (c 1 di) 5 (a 1 c) 1 (b 1 d)i
Difference of complex numbers:
(a 1 bi) 2 (c 1 di) 5 (a 2 c) 1 (b 2 d)i
Sum:
(2 2 3i) 1 (3 1 4i) 5 (2 1 3) 1 (23 1 4)i
5 5 1 i
Difference:
(4 1 3i) 2 (2 2 4i) 5 (4 2 2) 1 (3 2(24))i
5 2 1 7i
To multiply two complex numbers, use the
Distributive Property or the FOIL method just as
you do when multiplying real numbers or algebraic
expressions.
Distributive Property:
2(2 2 3i) 5 4 2 6i
FOIL Method:
(1 1 4i)(2 2 2i) 5 2 2 2i 1 8i 2 8i
2
5 2 1 6i 2 8(21)
5 10 1 6i
To divide two complex numbers, multiply the
numerator and denominator by the complex
conjugate of the denominator. The complex
conjugate of c 1 di is c 2 di.
Use FOIL to multiply
a 1 bi
}
c 1 di
p
c 2 di
}
c 2 di
.
Then simplify and write in standard form.

2 2 3i
}
3 1 5i
5
2 2 3i
}
3 1 5i
p
3 2 5i
}
3 2 5i

5
29 2 19i
}
9 2 25i
2

5
29 2 19i
}
34

5 2
9
}
34
2
19
}
34
i

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3 Simplify (26 2 7i) 2 (1 1 3i).
A 25 2 10i
B 7 1 10i
C 27 2 10i
D 27 2 4i
4 Which is the sum of 2(5 2 3i) and
4 1 3i?
F 21
G 1 1 6i
H 21 1 6i
J 9 1 6i
5 Write the expression i(4 2 5i)(1 1 2i) as
a complex number in standard form.
A 23 1 14i
B 3 1 14i
C 213 2 6i
D 13 1 6i
6 Write the expression 28 1 (2 1 2i) 2
(1 1 5i) as a complex number in standard
form.
F 7 1 3i
G 7 2 3i
H 27 1 3i
J 27 2 3i
7 Multiply: (5 2 2i)(1 1 3i)
A 13 1 11i
B 21 1 13i
C 11 1 13i
D 13 2 i

8
What is the equivalent form of
3i
}
5 2 2i
?
F
21
}
29
1
15
}
29
i
G 2
21
}
29
1
15
}
29
i
H
6
}
29
1
15
}
29
i
J 2
6
}
29
1
15
}
29
i
GO ON
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GO ON
11 Simplify (1 2 6i) 1 2i 2 (21 1 3i).
A 2i
B 27i
C 2 2 7i
D 2 2 11i
12 Simplify (22 1 5i)
2
.
F 24 1 10i
G 221 2 20i
H 221 1 20i
J 220 2 21i
9 Write the product of
}
24 and
}
29 in
standard form.
A 26
B 6
C 26i
D 6i
10 Subtract 25 1
}
212 from 27 1
}
23 .
F 212 2 3
}
3 i
G 22 1
}
3 i
H 22 2
}
3 i
J 2 1
}
3 i

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GO ON
15 Simplify
1 1 3i
}
1 2 3i
.
A
24 1 3i
}
5

B
4 2 3i
}
5

C 28 1 6i
D 10
16 Simplify
1 2
}
24
}
3 1
}
21
.
F
5 1 5i
}
8

G
1 2 7i
}
10

H
1 1 i
}
2

J
5 2 7i
}
10

13 Simplify (4 2 7i)(4 1 7i).
A 33 2 56i
B 233 2 56i
C 233 1 56i
D 65
14 Simplify
7 2 5i
}
22i
.
F
5 2 7i
}
2

G
5 1 7i
}
2

H
25 2 7i
}
2

J
25 1 7i
}
2

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35 Algebra II Tennessee SPI 3103
GO ON
3 Solve log
2
1 x
2
2 1 2 5 3.
A 23
B 3
C 22 and 2
D 2 3 and 3

4

Solve

}}
x
2
2 5x 1 1 5

}
x 2 4 .
F
5
1
6

G
5
5
6

H 5 21, 25 6
J 5 1, 5 6
1 Find all solutions to x
2
1 6x 5 212 .
A x 5 23 6 i
}
3
B x 5 3 6 i
}
3
C x 5 23 6 2i
}
3
D x 5 3 6 2i
}
3
2 Solve (x 2 5)
2
1 24 5 0 over the
complex number system.
F 5 1 2
}
6 i
G 5 1 2
}
6 i and 5 2 2
}
6 i
H 5 1 4
}
6 i and 5 2 4
}
6 i
J 5 2 2
}
6
SPI 3103.2.3
Use the number system, from real to complex, to solve equations and
contextual problems.
A solution of a linear equation with real number coefficients will be a real number. Once you begin
solving polynomial equations of degree two and higher, however, the solution set may include
complex numbers. For example, a quadratic equation ax
2
1 bx 1 c 5 0 has complex solutions when
the discriminant, b
2
2 4ac, is negative.
EXAMPLE
Solve: x
2
1 4x 1 5 5 0
Solution
x
2
1 4x 1 5 5 0 Write the original equation.
x 5
2b 6
}
b
2
2 4ac
}}
2a
Use the quadratic formula.
x 5
24 6
}}
(4)
2
2 4(1)(5)
}}
2(1)
Substitute a 5 1, b 5 4, and c 5 5.
x 5
24 6
}
24
}
2
Simplify.
x 5
24 6 2i
}
2
Rewrite using the imaginary unit i.
x 5 22 6 i Simplify.
The solutions are 22 1 i and 22 2 i.

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36 SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee
Name

Date

8 The number of bacteria in a culture
increases exponentially with time. For a
particular culture, the equation
y 5 10(2)
t/20
gives the number of bacteria
present in the culture after t minutes.
How many bacteria are present in the
culture after one hour?
F 10 bacteria
G 80 bacteria
H 20 bacteria
J 1000 bacteria
7 A manufacturer determines the number
of defective items d produced at one
factory to be d 5 5x 1 37, where x is the
number of months after the factory began
production. Meanwhile, the number of
workers n employed at the factory grows
according to the function n 5 0.2x
2
1 52.
Therefore, the average number of
defective items per worker y produced in
month x is y 5
d
}
n
5
5x 1 37
}
0.2x
2
1 52
. The largest
value for y occurs 10 months after beginning
production.
What is the value of y after 10 months
rounded to the nearest tenth?
A 1.0 defective items/worker
B 1.1 defective items/worker
C 1.2 defective items/worker
D 1.3 defective items/worker
5 Jason drops a rubber ball from a bridge
80 meters above a gorge. The height h of
the ball above the ground as it falls can be
found using the equation h 5 29.8t
2
+ 80,
where t is the time in seconds. Estimate
the height of the ball above the ground
when t 5 2 seconds.
A about 20 m
B about 40 m
C about 60 m
D about 120 m
6 A population of 80 red-eyed tree frogs
increases at a rate of about 8% per year.
The equation y 5 80(1 1 0.08)
t
models
the growth of the frog population over t
years. What will the frog population be in
3 years?
F about 100
G about 110
H about 120
J about 130
GO ON
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GO ON
1 Add: (3x
2
2 2) 1 (x
3
2 4x 1 5)
A x
3
1 3x
2
2 4x 1 3
B 4x
3
2 6x 1 5
C 4x
2
1 2x 1 3
D 6x
3
1 3x
2
2 What is the product of 24x
2
y and
x
2
2 xy 1 y
2
?
F 24x
4
y 1 4x
3
y
2
2 4x
2
y
3
G 24x
4
y 1 3x
2
y 2 3x
2
y
2
H 24x
4
1 16x
3
y
2
2 4y
3
J 24x
4
y 2 4x
3
y
2
2 4x
2
y
3
SPI 3103.3.1
Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials; divide a polynomial by a lower
degree polynomial.
To add or subtract polynomials, combine like terms that have the same variable parts.
To multiply polynomials, use the Distributive Property.
To divide polynomials, use long division.
EXAMPLE
SimpliIy.
a. (3x
2
2 2x 1 7) 2 (x
2
2 5x 1 2)
b. (5x
2
y)(2x
2
2 3y 1 1)
c. (x
2
1 3x 2 12) 4 (x 1 6)
Solution
a. (3x
2
2 2x 1 7) 2 (x
2
2 5x 1 2) 5 3x
2
2 2x 1 7 2 x
2
1 5x 2 2 Distributive property
5 (3x
2
2 x
2
) 1 (22x 1 5x) 1 (7 2 2) Combine like terms.
5 2x
2
1 3x 1 5 SimpliIy.
b. (5x
2
y)(2x
2
2 3y 1 1) 5 (5x
2
y)(2x
2
) 1 (5x
2
y)(23y) 1 (5x
2
y)(1) Distributive property
5 10x
4
y 2 15x
2
y
2
1 5x
2
y Multiply monomials.
c. x 1 6 q
ww
x
2
1 3x 2 12 Use polynomial long division.
x
2
1 6x Multiply divisor by
x
2
}
x
5 x.
23x 2 12 Subtract. Bring down next term.
23x 2 18 Multiply divisor by
23x
}
x
5 23.
6 Subtract. This is the remainder.
(x
2
1 3x 2 12) 4 (x 1 6) 5 x 2 3 1
6
}
x 1 6

x 2 3

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GO ON
3 Subtract: (3x
2
25x 1 2) 2 (x
2
2 3x 1 4)
A 2x
2
2 2x 2 2
B 2x
2
2 8x 1 6
C 3x
2
2 2x 2 2
D 3x
2
2 8x 1 6
5 What is the result when 3x
4
2 6x
2
2 x 1 4
is subtracted Irom 10x
4
2 3x
3
2 x 1 7?
A 27x
4
1 3x
3
2 6x
2
2 3
B 7x
4
1 3x
3
2 3
C 7x
4
2 3x
3
1 6x
2
1 3
D 13x
4
2 3x
3
1 6x
2
1 2x 1 11
4 Which expression is equivalent to
(5y 2 3)(5y 1 3)?
F 25y
2
2 9
G 25y
3
2 9
H 25y
2
2 15y
2
1 15y 2 9
J 25y
3
1 15y
2
2 15y 2 9
6 The area oI a rectangle is 2x
2
2 11x 1 15
square centimeters. The length oI the
rectangle is 2x 2 5 centimeters. What is
the width oI the rectangle?
F 2x 2 8 cm
G x 2 3 cm
H x 1 8 cm
J 2x 1 3 cm
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GO ON
9 Which is the sum oI (4x
3
1 2x
2
2 2) and
(x
3
2 3x 1 5)?
A 3x
3
1 5x
2
2 7
B 4x
3
2 x
2
1 3
C 5x
3
2 x
2
1 3
D 5x
3
1 2x
2
2 3x 1 3
10 Which is the result when 3x
2
1 x 1 7 is
subtracted Irom 14x
3
1 4x
2
1 9?
F 11x
2
2 x 1 2
G 11x
3
1 3x
2
2 x 1 2
H 14x
3
1 x
2
2 x 1 2
J 14x
3
1 7x
2
1 x 1 16
7 The total area oI a rectangle is
3x
4
1 6x
3
y 2 3x
2
. Which Iactors could
represent the length and width oI the
rectangle?
A (x 2 y)
2
(3x 1 2y)
B (x 2 y)(3x
2
1 y
2
)
C (3x
2
)(x
2
1 2xy 2 1)
D (3x 2 1)
2
(x 2 1)
2
8 Which is the result when
x
5
2 x
3
1 x
2
2 6x 2 3 is divided by
x
2
2 3?
F x
3
2 2x 2 1
G x
3
1 2x 1 1
H x
4
2 2x 2 1
J x
4
1 x
3
2 2x 1 1

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14 Divide: 2x
2
1 5 q
ww
6x
3
1 2x
2
1 22x
F 3x 1 1 2
7x 2 5
}
2x
2
1 5

G 3x 1 1 1
7x 2 5
}
2x
2
1 5

H 2x 1 1 1
7x 2 5
}
2x
2
1 5

J 2x 1 1 2
7x 2 5
}
2x
2
1 5

15 Multiply: (a
2
2 3ab 1 b
2
)(a
2
2 b
2
)
A a
4
2 b
4
B a
4
2 3a
3
b 1 3ab
3
2 b
4
C a
4
2 3a
3
b 1 2a
2
b
2
1 3ab
3
2 b
4
D a
4
1 6a
3
b
3
2 b
4
16 SimpliIy: (2y
2
2 3)
3
F 8y
6
2 27
G 8y
6
2 24y
4
1 18y
2
2 27
H 8y
6
2 12y
4
2 18y
2
2 27
J 8y
6
2 36y
4
1 54y
2
2 27
11 Divide: x
2
2 2x 1 2 q
ww
2x
3
1 6x 1 5
A x 1 6 1
2x 1 4
}
10x 2 3

B x 1 6 2
2x 1 4
}
10x 2 3

C 2x 1 4 1
10x 2 3
}
x
2
2 2x 1 2

D 2x 1 4 2
10x 2 3
}
x
2
2 2x 1 2

12 The length oI the side oI a square is (2s 2 1)
inches. What is the area oI the square?
F (4s
2
1 1) in.
2
G (4s
2
2 1) in.
2
H (4s
2
2 4s 1 1) in.
2
J (4s
2
1 4s 1 1) in.
2
13 SimpliIy: (3x
4
2 x
2
1 9) 2 (2x
3
2 4x
2
2 x)
1 (2x
4
2 3x
2
1 6x 2 5)
A 2x
4
2 2x
3
2 8x
2
1 5x 1 4
B 2x
4
2 2x
3
1 7x 1 4
C 2x
4
2 5x
3
1 3x
2
1 7x 1 4
D 2x
4
1 2x
3
2 8x
2
1 5x 1 4
GO ON
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GO ON
SPI 3103.3.2
Solve quadratic equations and systems, and determine roots of a higher
order polynomial.
You can solve systems of quadratic equations using some of the same methods you use to solve
systems of linear equations: graphing, substitution, or elimination.
EXAMPLE 1 Solve the system: 4x
2
2 y
2
5 7
9x
2
1 y
2
5 45
4x
2
2 y
2
5 7
9x
2
1 y
2
5 45 Add the two equation.
13x
2
5 52
x
2
5 4 Simplify.
x 5 2 or x 5 2 Solve for x.
4(2)
2
2 y
2
5 7 Substitute x into either equation.
y
2
5 9 Simplify.
y 5 3 or y 5 23 Solve for y.
The solution is the set of ordered pairs (2, 3), (22, 3), (2, 23), (22, 23).
You can also solve some polynomials by quadratic methods even though they may not appear to be
quadratic.
EXAMPLE 2 Solve the polynomial equation x
4
2 4 x
2
2 12 5 0.
x
4
2 4x
2
2 12 5 0 The polynomial has n 5 4 roots.
( x
2
)
2
2 4(x
2
) 2 12 5 0 Notice a pattern.
t
2
2 4t 2 12 5 0 Substitute t for x
2
.
(t 1 2)(t 2 6) 5 0 Factor.
t 1 2 5 0 or t 2 6 5 0 Zero Product Rule
t 5 22 or t 5 6 Solve for t.
x
2
5 22 or x
2
5 6 Substitute x
2
for t.

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1 Use the discriminant to determine the
nature of the roots of 5 x
2
2 2x 1 1 5 0.
A no real roots
B one real root
C two real roots
D one real and one imaginary root
2 A quadratic function y 5 ax
2
1 bx 1 c
is graphed below. What is true about the
coefcients a, b, and c?

x
y
F b
2
2 4ac $ 0 H b
2
2 4ac 5 0
G b
2
2 4ac , 0 J b
2
2 4ac . 0
3 Donna was solving x
2
2 2x 2 8 5 0. She
drew the graph of y 5 x
2
2 2x 2 8 as
shown below. What are the solutions of
the equation x
2
2 2x 2 8 5 0?
x
y
2
21
A 1, 29 C 2, 24
B 9, 21 D 22, 4
4 What are the solutions of the equation
(2x 2 3)
2
5 36?
F
3
}
2
, 0
G
9
}
2
, 2
3
}
2

H 26, 6
J
39
}
2
, 2
33
}
2

5 What is/are the solution(s) of the equation
2x
2
1 5x 5 ]3?
A ]1
B 2
3
}
2
, ]1
C 1
D 2
3
}
2

x
2
2 8x 1 4 5 0?
F 4, 24
G 8, 20.5
H 4 6 2
}
3
J 4 6 2
}
5
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10 Which function is graphed below?
4
8
2 8
y
x
F y 5 x
3
1 11x
2
1 34x 1 24
G y 5 2x
3
1 11x
2
2 34x 1 24
H y 5 2x
3
2 11x
2
2 34x 2 24
J y 5 x
3
2 11x
2
1 34x 2 24
11 List all of the zeros of the polynomial
function graphed.
4
8
8
4
y
x
4
A 23, 23, 21, 1
B 23, 21, 9, 1
C 22, 0
D 23, 23, 21, 1, 1
3x
2
2 4x 1 3 5 0?
A
2
}
3
1
}
5
}
3
i and
2
}
3
2
}
5
}
3
i
B 2
2
}
3
1
}
5
}
3
i and 2
2
}
3
2
}
5
}
3
i
C 2 1
}
5 i and 2 2
}
5 i
D
2
}
3
1
}
13
}
3
and
2
}
3
2
}
13
}
3

8 Which values of x are solutions of the
equation x
3
2 2x
2
2 x 1 2 5 0?
F 22, 21, and 1
G 21, 1, and 2
H 21 and 22
J 1, 2, and 3
9 The graph below is related to the
polynomial expression that has factors of:
4
8
4
8
4 4 8
y
x
8
A (x 2 3), (x 1 2), (x 2 1)
B x, (x 1 2), (x 2 3)
C 2x, (x 1 3), (x 2 1)
D (x 1 3), (x 2 2), (x 1 1)

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15 What is/are the solution(s) to the
following system?
y 5 (x 2 2)
2
y 5 2x
2
1 4
A (0, 4)
B (2, 0)
C (0, 4) and (2, 0)
D (4, 0) and (0, 2)
16 What is the solution to the following
system?
(x 2 4)
2
1 y 5 21
(x 2 4)
2
1 (y 2 1)
2
5 4
F (1, 4)
G (0, 21)
H (21, 3)
J (4, 21)
12 What are the rational zeros of
y 5 2x
4
2 7x
3
1 2x
2
1 8x 2 3?
F 2
3
}
2
and 1
G 21 and
3
}
2

H 21, 2
1
}
2
, and
3
}
2

J 21,
3
}
2
2
}
5
}
2
,
3
}
2
1
}
5
}
2
, and
3
}
2

13 The function f (x) 5 x
4
2 4x
3
1 4x
2
1 4x 2 5
has the zero 2 1 i. What are all the zeros of the
function?
A 2 1 i and 2 2 i
B 21, 1, and 2 1 i
C 1 and 2 1 i
D 21, 1, 2 1 i and 2 2 i
14 Kelly entered the function y 5 x
3
2 x
2
1 1
into her graphing calculator and looked at
the table shown below. Between which two
integers is there a solution of the equation
x
3
2 x
2
1 1 5 0?
x y
1
22 211
21 21
0 1
1 1
2 5
F 22 and 21
G 21 and 0
H 0 and 1
J 1 and 2
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2 Which is the simplied form of

x

23
}
2

y

1
}
2

}
x

25
}
2

y

3
}
2

?
F xy H
x
}
y

G
x
24
}
y
J
1
}
x
4
y
2

1 What is

1 x
2
y
21
2
3

}

4x
23
y
2
z
2

in simplest form?
A
x
8
}
4z
2
C
x
3
}
4yz
2

B
x
9
}
4y
5
z
2
D
y
}
4x
3
z
2

GO ON
SPI 3103.3.3
Add, subtract, multiply, divide and simplify rational expressions including
those with rational and negative exponents.
Simplifying Complex Fractions
A complex fraction is a fraction that contains a fraction in its numerator or denominator.
A complex fraction can be simplied using either of the methods below:
Method 1: If necessary, simplify the numerator and denominator by writing each as a single
fraction. Then divide the numerator by the denominator.
Method 2: Multiply the numerator and the denominator by the least common denominator
(LCD) of every fraction in the numerator and denominator. Then simplify.
EXAMPLE
Simplify:

6
}
x

}

1
}
x
22
1
4
}
x

Solution

6
}
x

}

1
}
x
22
1
4
}
x

5

6
}
x

}
x
2
1
4
}
x

Negative exponent property
5

6
}
x

}
x
2
1
4
}
x

x
}
x
Multiply numerator and denominator by the LCD.
5
6

}

x
3
1 4
Simplify.
Answer

6
}
x

}

1
}
x
22
1
4
}
x

5
6
}
x
3
1 4

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3 What is the simplest form of

2x
3
1 5x
2
2 3x
}}
2x
2
2 x 1 6
?
A
x(2x 1 1)
}
x 1 2
C 2
x(2x 2 1)
}
x 2 2

B
x(2x 2 1)
}
x 2 2
D 2
x(2x 1 1)
}
x 1 2

4 Which is a simplied form of

x
2
2 y
2
}
(x 2 y)
22
?
F 2(x 2 y)
3
( y 1 x)
G ( y 2 x
2
)(x 2 y
2
)
H ( y 2 x)
4
J (x 1 y)(x 2 y)
3
5 Which is the result when
30x
24

}

24y
2

is divided
by
18x
23

}

15y
25

?
A
24y
7
}
25x

B
24xy
7
}
25

C
25
}
24xy
7

D
25x
}
24y
7

6 Simplify

1

}

x 1 1

2

1

}

x

1

1

}

2
.
F
2x
2
2 x 2 2
}
2x(x 1 1)

G
2x
2
1 3x 2 2
}}
2x(x 1 1)

H
x
2
1 x 2 2
}
2x(x 1 1)

J
2x
2
1 2x 2 1
}
2x(x 1 1)

7 Which is the sum of
3x 2 4
}

x
2
2 9

and
2x 2 1
}

x 1 3

?
A
5
}
3

B
x 2 1
}
x 1 1

C
5x 2 5
}
3x 1 3

D
2x
2
2 4x 2 1
}}
(x 1 3)(x 2 3)

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8 Simplify

1

}

x 2 4

2

1

}

x 1 5
.
F
9
}}
(x 2 4) (x 1 5)

G
2x 1 1
}}
(x 2 4) (x 1 5)

H
1
}}
(x 2 4) (x 1 5)

J
29
}}
(x 2 4) (x 1 5)

9 Simplify

2

}

x
2
2 x
1

1

}

x
2
2 2x 1 1
.
A
x 1 2
}
x(x 2 1)

B
3x 2 2
}
x(x 2 1)
2

C
2x 2 1
}
(x 2 1)
2

D
2x 2 1
}
x(x 2 1)
2

10 Simplify

1

}

x
2
2 x 2 12
1

x

}

x
2
2 16
.
F
2x
2
2 2x 1 4
}}
(x 1 3) (x 2 4) (x 1 4)

G
x
2
1 4x
}}
(x 1 3) (x 2 4) (x 1 4)

H
x
2
2 2x 2 4
}}
(x 1 3) (x 2 4) (x 1 4)

J
x
2
1 4x 1 4
}}
(x 1 3) (x 2 4) (x 1 4)

11 Simplify

x 1 3

}

x
2
2 4

?

x 1 2

}

x
2
1 3x
.
A
1
}
x

B
1
}
x(x 1 2)

C
1
}
x(x 2 2)

D
1
}
x 2 2

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12 What is the product of x
2
2 x 2 20 and

x
2
1 5x 1 4
}
x
2
2 4x 2 5
?
F (x 1 4)
2
G (x 2 5)
2
H x 1 4
J 1
13 Simplify

x

}

x
2
2 2x 2 24

4

x
2
2 x

}

x 2 6
.
A
1
}}
(x 2 1) (x 1 4)

B
1
}}
(x 2 1) (x 2 4)

C
1
}}
(x 1 1) (x 1 4)

D
x
2
(x 2 1)
}}
(x 2 6)
2
(x 1 4)

14

Simplify

x
}
x 1 1
1 1
}
x 2
1
}
x 1 1

.
F
2x 1 1
}
x
2
1 x 1 1

G
21
}
x
2
1 x 2 1

H
2x 1 1
}
x
2
1 x 2 1

J
x 1 2
}
x
2
1 x 2 1

15

Simplify

3
}
x 2 2
2 5
}
2 2
4
}
x 2 2

.
A 1
B
x 2 4
}
x 2 2

C
x 2
13
}
5

}
x 2 2

D
25x 1 13
}
2(x 2 4)

16 Which is the simplest form of

1
}
x
21
1 y
21

}

1
}
x
21
2 y
21

?
F 1
G y 1 x
H
1
}
y 1 x

J
y 2 x
}
y 1 x

GO ON
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1 What is a general rule for the nth term in
the arithmetic series below?
5 1 9 1 13 1 17 1
A 4n C 4n 1 2
B 4n 1 1 D 5n
2 Find the sum of the series
5 1 10 1 15 1 1 70.
F 70 H 1015
G 525 J 1050
SPI 3103.3.4
Use the formulas for the general term and summation of nite arithmetic
and both nite and innite geometric series.
A series can be written using sigma notation (also known as summation notation). The
summation symbol is the capital Greek letter sigma.
nite series with n terms: a
1
1 a
2
1 a
3
1
...
1 a
n 2 1
1 a
n
5
o

i 5 1

n

a
i
5 S
n
innite series: a
1
1 a
2
1 a
3
1 a
4
1
...
5
o

i 5 1

`

a
i

The general formula for a geometric sequence is a
n
5

a
1
? r
n21
, where r is the common ratio.
To nd the sum of a nite geometric series with n terms, use the formula
S
n
5 a
1

1

12 r
n
}
12 r

2

where n is the number of terms, a
1
is the rst term, and a
n
is the nth term.
EXAMPLE
Write the innite series 162 2 54 1 18 2 6 1
in sigma notation and nd the sum to n terms.

Solution
The rst term is a
1
5 162 and the common ratio is r 5 2
1
}
3
. The general term is a
i
5 162 p
1
2
1
}
3

2

i 2 1
,
so in sigma notation the innite series is
162 2 54 1 18 2 6 1
...
5
o

i 5 1

`

162 p
1
2
1
}
3

2

i 2 1
To nd the sum to n terms, substitute a
1
= 162 and r = 2
1
}
3
into the formula for S
n
.
S
n
5 162
1

1 2
1
2
1
}
3

2

n
}
1 2
1
2
1
}
3

2

2
5 162
1

1 2
1
2
1
}
3

2

n
}

4
}
3

2
5
243
}
2

1
1 2
1
2
1
}
3

2

n

2

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6 Which summation formula correctly

represents the arithmetic series shown
below? (23) 1 (26) 1 (29) 1 ; n 5 5
F

n51

3

25n H

n51

5

23n
G

n51

5

3n J

n51

5

26n
7 Which innite geometric series does not
have a sum?
A

n51

5
1

1

__

4

2

n

B

n51

1
12
3
}
4

2

n

C

n51

2
}
3

1

8
}
7

2

n

D

n51

`

1
}
3

1

9
}
10

2

n

8 Write a formula for the nth term of the
sequence below.
22, 1, 2
1
}
2
,
1
}
4
, 2
1
}
8
, ...
F 22
1
2
1
}
2

2

n

G 22
1
2
1
}
2

2

n 2 1

H (22)
n
J (22)
n 2 1
3 Find

n51

5

1

1

__

4

2

n
.
A
123

_____

1024

B
341

_____

1024

C
1023

_____

1024

D 1
4 What is a
16
for the arithmetic sequence
0.8, 2.8, 4.8, ...?
F 28.8
G 30.8
H 32.8
J 34.8
5 What is the sum of the innite geometric
series 0.3 1 0.03 1 0.003 1 ?
A 3
B 0.5
C 1
D
1
}
3

GO ON
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1 What is the domain of the function
f (x) 5
3
}
x 1 6
?
A { f 1 x 2 : x 0}
B {x: x 6}
C { f 1 x 2 : x 23}
D {x: x 26}
SPI 3103.3.5
Describe the domain and range of functions and articulate restrictions
imposed either by the operations or by the contextual situations which the
functions represent.
2 What is the range of the function
f (x) 5 22(x 2 3)
2
1 1?
F f (x) $ 1
G f (x) # 1
H f (x) # 3
J 2` , f (x) , `
A function is a set of numbers where each x value has exactly one corresponding y value. The values
of the independent variable constitute the domain of the function and the values of the dependent
variable constitute the range of the function.
EXAMPLE 1
Identify the range of the function represented by this graph.
Solution
The range is the set of y values. For this function,
26 # y # 22.
In a real-world situation, the values of the domain or range may need to be restricted.
EXAMPLE 2
A rental car company charges 25 cents per mile plus a at fee of $30. The customer cannot drive the
car more than 100 miles. The charges to a customer who drives x miles is given by C(x) 5 30 1 0.25x.
Describe the domain and range of C(x).
Solution
The customer cannot drive a negative number of miles x, so x $ 0. And the customer cannot drive
more than 100 miles, so x # 100. Therefore, the domain is 0 # x # 100.
For a customer who has driven the minimum of 0 miles, the cost is C(0), or the at fee of $30. For
a customer who has driven the maximum of 100 miles, the cost is C(100), or $55. Since the cost
C(x) is increasing on the interval 0 # x # 100, the cost varies from $30 to $55. Therefore, the
range is 30 # y # 55.
x
y
21
21

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3 Rosie threw a ball into the air with an
initial velocity of 32 feet per second. The
height y of the ball after t seconds is given
by the function y 5 32t 2 16t
2
. The graph
of height versus time is shown. What is a
reasonable range for this function?
H
e
i
g
h
t

(
f
t
)
Time (sec)
t
y
4
0
0 1 2
8
12
16
A All real numbers
B y # 16
C 0 # y # 16
D 216 # y # 16
represented by this graph?
x
y
21
1
F 22 # x # 2
G 22 # y # 2
H 1 # x # 5
J 1 # y # 5
5 The corners of a square piece of cardboard
are cut out and the sides folded up to form
an open box as shown in the gure below.
12 in.
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
12 in.
The area of the bottom of the box is given
by the function A 5 (12 2 2x)
2
. What is a
reasonable domain for this function?
A 0 # x , 144
B 26 , x , 6
C 0 , x , 12
D 0 , x , 6
6 What are the domain and range of the
piece-wise function below?

f (x) 5
{
x
2
, 21 # x , 2
3x 2 2, x $ 2
F Domain: {x| x $ 21}
Range: { f (x)| f (x) $ 0}
G Domain: {x| 21 # x , 2}
Range: { f (x)| 0 # f (x) # 4}
H Domain: {x| x $ 2}
Range: { f (x)| f (x) $ 0}
J Domain: {x| x $ 1}
Range: { f (x)| ` , f (x) , `}
GO ON
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SPI 3103.3.6
Combine functions (such as polynomial, rational, radical and absolute
value expressions) by addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or by
composition and evaluate at specied values of their variables.
Let f and g be any two functions. A new function h can be dened by performing these four basic
operations on f and g.
Operation Denition
Addition h(x) 5 f (x) 1 g(x)
Subtraction h(x) 5 f (x) 2 g(x)
Multiplication
h(x) 5 f (x)
p
g(x)
Division h(x) 5
f (x)
}
g(x)

EXAMPLE 1
Let f (x) 5 5 2 x
1/2
and g(x) 5 22x
1/2
1 3. Find the following:
a. f (x) 1 g(x) b. f (x) 2 g(x) c. f (x)
p
g(x) d.
f (x)
}
g(x)

Solution
a. f (x) 1 g(x) 5 (5 2 x
1/2
) 1 (22x
1/2
) 5 5 2 x
1/2
22x
1/2
5

5 2 3 x
1/2
b. f (x) 2 g(x) 5 (5 2 x
1/2
) 2 (22x
1/2
) 5 5 2 x
1/2
1 2x
1/2
5

5 1 x
1/2
c. f (x)
p
g(x) 5 (5 2 x
1/2
)(22x
1/2
) 5 5(22x
1/2
) 2 x
1/2
(22x
1/2
) 5 210x
1/2
1 2x
d.
f (x)
}
g(x)
5
5 2 x
1/2

}

22x
1/2
5
5

}

22x
1/2
2
x
1/ 2

}
22x
1/2
5 2
5

}

2
x
21/2
1
1

}

2

Another operation is the composition of functions. The composition of a function g with a function f
is h(x) 5 g(f (x)).
EXAMPLE 2
Let f (x) 5 3x
21
and g(x) 5 x 1 4. Find the following:
a. f ( g(x)) b. g( f (x))
Solution
a. f ( g (x)) 5 f (x 1 4) 5 3(x 1 4)
21
5
3
}
x 1 4

b. g( f (x)) 5 g (3x
21
) 5 (3x
21
) 1 4 5
3
}
x
1 4

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1 If f (x) 5 7 2 x and g(x) 5 2(5x 1 3)
2
,
which is an equivalent form of
f (x) 1 g(x)?
A 25x
2
1 16x 1 9
B 25x
2
1 15x 1 16
C 50x
2
1 59x 1 25
D 50x
2
2 760x 1 2888
2 If f (x) 5 1 1 x
2/3
and g(x) 5 x 1 8,
perform the following operation.
f (x) p g(x)
F x
5/3
1 8x
2/3
1 x 1 8
G x
5/3
1 16x
2/3
1 x 2 8
H x
2/3
1 16x 1 65
J x
2/3
2 x 2 7
3
If f (x) 5

2

}

x 2 1

and g(x) 5

x

}

x 1 1

, what is
g(x) 2 f (x)?
A
x
2
1 x 1 2
}
x
2
2 1

B
x
2
2 3x 1 2
}
x
2
2 1

C
x
2
2 3x 2 2
}
x
2
2 1

D
2x
2
1 3x 1 2
}}
x
2
2 1

4 Let f (x) 5 2x
4
2 7x
3
2 8x
2
1 14x 1 8
and g(x) 5 x 2 4. Find
f (x)
}
g (x)
.
F 2x
3
1 x
2
1 4x
G x
2
2 4x 2 2
H 2x
3
2 4x 2 2
J 2x
3
1 x
2
2 4x 2 2
5 Suppose f and g are functions with
domain all real numbers. Which of the
following statements is true about the
equation?
f (x) 2 g(x) 5 g(x) 2 f (x)
A The equation is always true.
B The equation is true except when x is
negative.
C The equation is never true.
D The equation is true when
g(x) 5 f (x).
6 If f (x) 5
}
x 2 4 and g(x) 5 x 2 2, what
is the domain of
1

g
}
f

2
(x) ?
F (4, `)
G (24, `)
H (2`, 4)
J (2`, `)
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7 Use the graphs of the functions f and g
nd ( f p g) (0).
x
y
O
2 24 28 216 212
28
4
8
12
24
f
g
y

5

x

1

2
y

5

2

x

2

4
1
2
A 28
B 24
C 22
D 0
8 Let f (x) 5 x
2
and g(x) 5 (2x 2 5)
2
.
Which of the expressions below results
in the following function?
h(x) 5 4x
4
2 20x
3
1 25x
2
F f (x) 1 g(x)
G
g(x)
}
f (x)

H f (x) p g(x)
J g(x) 2 f (x)
9 Which expression represents f (g(x)) if
f (x) 5 x
3
1 1 and g(x) 5 5x 1 2?
A (5x 1 2)
3
1 1
B 5x
3
1 2
C x
3
1 5x 1 3
D x
3
2 5x 2 1
10 Let f (x) 5 (x
2
1 3) and g(x) 5 3x
2
. To
nd g( f (x)), Sundie wrote the following
solution on the board. Her nal answer is
incorrect.
g ( f (x)) 5 f (3x
2
)
5 ((3x
2
)
2
1 3)
5 9x
4
1 3
Which statement describes her error?
F She should have added the functions.
G She should have multiplied the
functions.
H She found f (g(x)) instead of g( f (x)).
J The entire expression (3x
2
1 3)
should be squared.

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11 If f (x) 5 2x 2 1 and g(x) 5 |x|, which
expression represents (g p f )(x)?
A 2|x| 2 1
B |2x 2 1|
C 2x 1 1
D 2x
2
2 |x|
12 Let f (x) 5 5x 2 1 and g(x) 5 (x 1 1)
2
.
What is g( f (4))?
F 19
G 25
H 250
J 400
13 Let f (x) 5 x
2
1 3 and g(x) 5 x 1 5. Find
g( f (2)) 2 g(3).
A 4
B 44
C 144
D 444
14 If f (g(x)) 5
1
}

}
2x 2 3
, which of the
following could be true?
F f (x) 5
1
}
x
and g(x) 5
1
}

}
2x 2 3
G f (x) 5
1
}
x
and g(x) 5
}
2x 2 3
H f (x) 5
1
}

}
2x
and g(x) 5
}
x 2 3
J f (x) 5
}
2x 2 3 and g(x) 5
1
}
x

15 If f (x) 5 x
2
and g(x) 5
}
1 2 x
2
, what is
the domain of f (g(x))?
A [21, 1]
B (21, 1)
C (2`, 21]
D (2`, `)
16 Let f (x) 5
}
x . Find the domain of
f ( f
21
(x)).
F all real numbers
G all real numbers $ 0
H all real numbers . 1
J all real numbers . 2
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1 Suppose f and g are functions with
domain all real numbers. Which of the
following statements is true about g(x)
and f (x) given the following?
f (g(x)) 5 g( f (x)) 5 x
A g(x) is equal to f (x).
B g(x) and f (x) are inverse functions.
C g(x) and f (x) are additive inverses.
D g(x) and f (x) are multiplicative
inverses.
2 Which of the following pairs of functions
are not inverses?
F f (x) 5 x
3
1 2 and g(x) 5
3

}
x 2 2
G f (x) 5
1

1
}
2
x 1 2
2

2
and g(x) 5 62
}
x 2 4
H f (x) 5 2
}
x and g(x) 5
1
}
4
x
2
J f (x) 5
x
}
x 1 1
and g(x) 5
x
}
x 2 1

SPI 3103.3.7
Identify whether a function has an inverse, whether two functions are
inverses of each other, and/or explain why their graphs are reections
over the line y = x.
A relation is a pairing of input values with output values. An inverse relation switches the input
and output values of the original relation. So, if (x, y) is an ordered pair of a relation, then ( y, x) is
an ordered pair of the inverse relation. The graph of the inverse relation is a reection of the graph
of the original relation. The line of reection is y 5 x.
The relation g(x) is the inverse of relation f (x) if f (g(x)) 5 g( f (x)) 5 x. When both the original
relation f (x) and the inverse relation g(x) are functions, we write g(x) 5 f
21
(x). You can check that
the inverse of function f (x) is also a function by verifying that no horizontal line intersects the
graph of f (x) more than once. (This is called the horizontal line test.) Without a graph, you could
instead check that relation f (x) does not assign the same range element to two different domain
elements.
EXAMPLE
Verify that f (x) 5 x
2
1 2 has the inverse relation
g(x) 5 6
}
x 2 2 , but that g(x) is not a function.
Solution
f (g(x)) 5 (g(x))
2
1 25 x 2 2 1 2 5 x
g ( f (x)) 5 6
}}
(x
2
1 2) 2 5 6
}
x
2
5 x
Both equal x, so g(x) is the inverse of relation f (x).
But on the graph of f (x) 5 x
2
1 2, some horizontal lines
would cut the graph at two points. For instance, the points
(2, 6) and (22, 6) on the graph assign the same range
element 6 to two different domain elements, 2 and 22.
Therefore, the inverse g(x) is not a function.
y
x
4 5 6 3 1 21
22
1
3
4
5
6
22
O
y5x
2
12
y56 x22

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3 What is the inverse function of
f (x) 5
x
}
x 1 1
?
A g(x) 5
x
}
1 1 x
C g(x) 5
1 1 x
}
x

B g(x) 5
x
}
1 2 x
D g(x) 5
1 2 x
}
x

f (x) 5
5 2 2x
}
3
?
7 Which is the graph of the function
y 2 2x 5 4 and its inverse?
A
2
4
2
4
2 2 4
y
x
4
B
4
2
2
4
2 4
y
x
4
C
4
2
4
2 2 4
y
x
4
D
2
4
4 2 4
y
x
F f
21
(x) 5
3
}
5 2 2x

G f
21
(x) 5
5 2 3x
}
2

H f
21
(x) 5
3x 1 5
}
2

J f
21
(x) 5
3x 2 5
}
2

f (x) 5 1 1
}
1 1 x ?
A g(x) 5 2 1
}
x
B g(x) 5 2
}
1 1 x
C g(x) 5 x
2
2 2x
D g(x) 5 x
2

}
1 1 x
6 What is f (x) if f
21
(x) 5 log
2
(x 1 1)?
F f (x) 5 2
x
2 1
G f (x) 5 2
x
1 1
H f (x) 5 2
(x 2 1)

J f (x) 5 2
(x 1 1)

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SPI 3103.3.8
Solve systems of three linear equations in three variables.
Two or more equations are called a system. Here are the steps to solve a linear system in three
variables:
Step 1 Rewrite the system as a linear system in two variables by eliminating or substituting for one
variable.
Step 2 Solve the system from Step 1 for each variable.
Step 3 Substitute the values from Step 2 into an equation in the original system to nd the value of
the third variable.
EXAMPLE Solve the system using the substitution method.
x 1 2y 1 z 5 9 Equation 1
22x 2 y 1 4z 5 3 Equation 2
2x 1 y 1 z 5 8 Equation 3
Solution
Step 1 Solve Equation 3 for x.
x 5 y 1 z 2 8
Step 2 Rewrite the system as a linear system in two variables by substituting y 1 z2 8 for
x in Equations 1 and 2.
x 1 2y 1 z 5 9 Write Equation 1.
(y 1 z 2 8) 1 2y 1 z 5 9 Substitute y 1 z 2 8 for x.
3y 1 2z 5 17 New Equation 1.
22x 2 y 1 4z 5 3 Write Equation 2.
22(y 1 z 2 8) 2 y 1 4z 5 3 Substitute y 1 z 2 8 for x.
23y 1 2z 5 213 New Equation 2.
Step 3 Solve the system in two variables from Step 2.
3y 1 2z 5 17 Add New Equation 1 to New Equation 2
23y 1 2z 5 213
4z 5 4 Simplify.
z 5 1 Solve for z.
y 5 5 Substitute z into New Equation 1 or 2 to nd y.
x 5 22 Substitute y and z into an original Equation to nd x.
Answer The solution is (22, 5, 1).

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x 1 3y 2 z 5 24
2x 2 y 1 2z 5 13
3x 2 2y 2 z 5 29
A (0, 1, 7) C (22.5, 23, 7.5)
B (210, 23, 15) D (2, 23, 3)
4x 2 3y 1 z 5 28
22x 1 y 2 3z 5 24
x 2 y 1 2z 5 3
F (1, 22, 4) H (22, 3, 1)
G (21, 4, 22) J (22, 1, 3)
7 Andrea, Bianca, and Cody bake mufns
for the Drama Clubs baked-goods sale.
Bianca bakes 2 fewer mufns than Andre.
Cody bakes 4 more mufns than Bianca.
They bake 54 mufns all together. Which
system models the problem?
A b 5 a 1 2
c 5 b 2 4
a 1 b 1 c 5 54
B b 5 a 1 2
c 5 b 1 4
a 1 b 1 c 5 54
C b 5 a 2 2
c 5 b 1 4
a 1 b 1 c 5 54
D b 5 a 2 2
c 5 b 2 4
a 1 b 1 c 5 54
GO ON
1 The augmented matrix for a system of
equations is given below.

F

4

1

1

1

22

2

23

0

1
*

22

4

3

G

What is the solution of the system?
A (21, 2, 3) C (22, 4, 3)
B (2, 21, 3) D (22, 23, 0)
x 1 2y 1 z 5 9
22x 2 y 1 4z 5 3
2x 1 y 1 z 5 8
F (23, 11, 2) H (21.5, 4, 2.5)
G (212, 1, 25) J (22, 5, 1)
x 1 2z 5 28
x 1 3y 2 z 5 10
2x 2 y 1 z 5 22
A (2, 1, 25) C (22, 21, 5)
B (2, 25, 1) D (22, 25, 3)
4 Find the solution to the system of linear
equations.
2x 2 2y 1 z 5 7
x 1 2y 2 3z 5 22
x 1 y 1 2z 5 24
F (21, 1, 3) H (3, 21, 1)
G (1, 23, 21) J (21, 23, 1)
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To graph the solution set of a system of linear or quadratic inequalities in the plane, rst ignore the
inequality sign and graph each equation in the plane. Remember that the graph of the line y 5 mx 1 b
has a y-intercept of b; substitute a value for x to nd the y-coordinate of another point on the line. The
table below is a review of how to graph quadratic equations.
Properties of Quadratic Graphs
y 5 ax
2
y 5 ax
2
1 c y 5 ax
2
+ bx 1 c y 5 a(x 2 b)
2
1 c
Vertex (0, 0) (0, c)
1
2
b
}
2a
, f
1
2
b
}
2a

2

2
(b, c)
Axis of
Symmetry
y-axis y-axis x 5 2
b
}
2a
x 5 b
Direction of
Opening
Graph opens up if a > 0 and opens down if a < 0.
y-intercept 0 c c c
To graph the solution set of a system of inequalities, follow these steps:
Step 1 Solve each inequality in terms of y. Graph each inequality in the same plane. Use a solid
line or curve for $ and # inequalities; use a dashed line or curve for . and , inequalities.
Step 2 Shade above the line or curve for . and $ inequalities; shade below for , and #
inequalities.
Step 3 Identify the region that is common to all the graphs of the inequalities. This region is the
graph of the system.
EXAMPLE
Solve the system and graph the solution.
4x 1 y . 9
x 2 2y # 6
In terms of y, the system is: y . 9 2 4x
y $ 23 1
1
}
2
x
The y-intercept of the rst line is 9. Another point on the rst
line is (4, 27). The y-intercept of the second line is 23.
Another point on the second line is (6, 0).
Graph the boundary lines. Shade above the dashed line y . 9 2 4x
because of the . sign; shade above the solid line y $ 23 1
1
}
2
x
because of the $ sign. The solution to the system is the darker
area where the graphs overlap.
SPI 3103.3.9
Graph the solution set of two or three linear or quadratic inequalities.
y
x
8 2 6 28 26 24 22
28
26
8
6
4
2
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y
x
2
2
A x 1 2y $ 10
x 1 y , 3
B x 1 2y $ 10
x 1 y . 3
C x 1 2y # 10
x 1 y , 3
D x 1 2y # 10
x 1 y . 3
y
x
F y , 2x 1 5
y 1 2x . 21
G y . 2x 1 5
y 1 2x . 21
H y , 2x 1 5
y 1 2x , 21
J y . 2x 1 5
y 1 2x , 21
represented by the graph?
6
5
4
3
21
22
22 23 24 25 26
23
24
25
26
1 2 3 4 5 6
y
x
A 2x 1 y , 5
x 1 y # 1
B y . 22x 1 1
y # x 1 1
C y . 2x 1 1
y $ 0
D y . 2x 1 1
y # x 1 1
1
y
x
21
3
F y $ 3x 1 2 H y $
1
}
3
x 1 2

y # 3x 2 1
y $
1
}
3
x 2 1
G y $ 3x 1 2 J y # 3x 1 2
y # 3x 2 1 y $ 3x 2 1
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SPI 3103.3.10
Identify and/or graph a variety of functions and their transformations.
1 How does the graph of y 5

1

}

x
2 3 relate
to the graph of y 5

1

}

x
?
A It shifts y 5
1
}
x
right 3 units.
B It shifts y 5
1
}
x
left 3 units.
C It shifts y 5
1
}
x
up 3 units.
D It shifts y 5
1
}
x
down 3 units.
Polynomial Functions
A polynomial function in the form f (x) 5 a(x 2 h)
n
1 k is a transformation of the parent function
f (x) 5 x
n
. The graph is stretched or compressed by a factor of |a|, translated h units horizontally, and
translated k units vertically.
Exponential Functions
An exponential function in the form f (x) 5 ab
x
1 c is a transformation of the parent function
f (x) 5 b
x
. The graph is stretched by a factor of |a|. If a is negative, the function is reected about the
x-axis. Notice that if the parent function of f is increasing and a , 0, f is decreasing. The value of c
translates the graph c units vertically.
Absolute Value Functions
An absolute value function in the form f (x) 5 a| x2h | 1 k is a transformation of the parent function,
f (x) 5 | x| . The graph is translated h units horizontally and k units vertically. The vertex is (h, k).
EXAMPLE
For | a | . 1
The graph is vertically stretched, or elongated.
The graph of y 5 a| x | is narrower than the graph of y 5 | x |.
For 0 , | a | , 1
The graph is vertically shrunk, or compressed.
The graph of y 5 a| x | is wider than the graph of y 5 | x |.
For a 5 21 The graph of y 5 a| x | is a reection in the x-axis of the graph of y 5 | x |.
2 How does the graph of y 5

3

}

x
relate
to the graph of y 5

1

}

x
?
F It shrinks y 5
1
}
x
vertically by a
factor of
1
}
3
.
G It stretches y 5
1
}
x
vertically by a
factor of 3.
H It shifts y 5
1
}
x
right 3 units.
J It shifts y 5
1
}
x
up 3 units.

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SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 64 SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 64
Name

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GO ON
3 Which graph could show the functions
y 5 x
2
1 2 and y 5 x
2
2 4?
A

x
y
B

x
y
C

x
y
D

x
y
4 Which graph could show the functions
y 5 2
x 1 1
and y 5 2
x 2 1
?
F
x
y
2 4 6
24
22
6
4
2
O
8
10
22
G
x
y
2 4 6 24 26 28
24
22
6
4
2
O
8
10
22
H
x
y
2 4 6 24 26 28
24
22
6
4
2
O
8
10
22
J
x
y
2 4 6 24 26 28
24
22
6
4
2
O
8
10
22
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2
1 5 is
shifted down seven units?
A y 5 x
2
2 2 C y 5 x
2
2 12
B y 5 x
2
2 7 D y 5 x
2
1 12
2
is
shifted left four units?
F y 5 x
2
2 4 H y 5 (x 1 4)
2
G y 5 x
2
1 4 J y 5 (x 2 4)
2
7 The graph of y 5 2
x
is shown below.
x
y
2 4 6 24 26 28
24
22
6
4
2
O
8
10
22
Which of the following could be the
graph of y 5 2
2x
?
x
y
2 4 6
24
22
26
6
4
2
8
22
D
A
C
B
A graph A C graph C
B graph B D graph D
8 The graph of f (x) 5 2) x ) 1 4 is shown.
x
y
4 8 24
28
24
O
4
Which of the following is the graph of
2f (x)?
F
x
y
4 8 24
28
24
O
4
G
x
y
4 8 24
28
24
O
4
H
x
y
4 8 24
28
24
O
4
J
x
y
4 8 24
24
O
4
8

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SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 66 SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 66
Name

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10 What is the effect on the graph of the
function y 5 2x
2
1 8 when c is changed
to 6?
F It shifts to the right.
G It shifts to the left.
H It shifts up.
J It shifts down.
11 Which of the following sentences is true
about the graphs of y 5 2(x 1 7)
2
1 1
and y 5 2(x 2 7)
2
1 1?
A Their vertices are maximums.
B The graphs have the same shape
with different vertices.
C The graphs have different shapes
with different vertices.
D One graph has a vertex that is a
maximum while the other graph has
a vertex that is a minimum.
9 Which is the graph of y 5 22
x
?
A y
x
2
1
B y
x
3
1
C
y
x
1
1
D y
x
1
1
GO ON
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SPI 3103.3.11
Graph conic sections (circles, parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas) and
understand the relationship between the standard form and the key
characteristics of the graph.
Circle The equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r units is (x 2 h)
2
1 (y 2 k)
2
5 r
2
Parabola Standard Form y 5 a (x 2 h)
2
1 k x 5 a (y 2 k)
2
1 h
Vertex (h, k) (h, k)
Axis of Symmetry x 5 h y 5 k
Focus
1
h, k 1
1
}
4a

2

1
h 1
1
}
4a
, k
2

Directrix y 5 k 2
1
}
4a
x 5 h 2
1
}
4a

Ellipse
c
2
5 a
2
2 b
2
Standard Form
(x 2 h)
2
}
a
2
1
(y 2 k)
2
}
b
2
5 1
(y 2 k)
2
}
a
2
1
(x 2 h)
2
}
b
2
5 1
Direction of Major Axis horizontal vertical
Foci (h 6 c, k) (h, k 6 c)
Length of Major Axis 2a units 2a units
Length of Minor Axis 2b units 2b units
Hyperbola
c
2
5 a
2
1 b
2
Standard Form
(x 2 h)
2
}
a
2
2
(y 2 k)
2
}
b
2
5 1
(y 2 k)
2
}
a
2
2
(x 2 h)
2
}
b
2
5 1
Direction of Transverse
Axis
horizontal vertical
Foci (h 6 c, k) (h, k 6 c)
Vertices (h 6 a, k) (h, k 6 a)
Length of Transverse Axis 2a units 2a units
Length of Conjugate Axis 2b units 2b units
Asymptotes y 5 6
b
}
a
(x 2 h) 1 k y 5 6
a
}
b
(x 2 h) 1 k
1 Find the equations of the asymptotes of
the hyperbola
y
2
}
5
2
x
2
}
4
5 1.
A y 5
}
2
}
5
x; y 5 2
}
2
}
5
x
B y 5
}
5
}
2
x; y 5 2
}
5
}
2
x
C y 5
2
}

}
5
x; y 5 2
2
}

}
5
x
D y 5
5
}

}
2
x; y 5 2
5
}

}
2
x
2 The graph of
x
2
}
19
1
y
2
}
100
5 1 is an ellipse.
Which set of points represents the foci of
the ellipse?
F (0, 69) H (6
}
6 , 0)
G (69, 0) J (0, 6
}
6 )

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SPI 3103 Algebra II Tennessee 68 Algebra II Tennessee 68 SPI 3103
Name

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3 Which equation represents the graph of a
circle with center (21, 22) and radius 8?
A x
2
2 2x 1 y
2
2 4y 2 69 5 0
B x
2
1 2x 1 y
2
1 4y 2 69 5 0
C x
2
1 2x 1 y
2
1 4y 2 59 5 0
D x
2
2 2x 1 y
2
2 4y 2 59 5 0
4 Find the vertex and axis of symmetry for
the function y 5
1
}
3
(x 1 5)
2
2 2.
F vertex (22, 5);
axis of symmetry x 5 22
G vertex (2, 25);
H vertex (25, 22);
J vertex (25, 2);
GO ON
5 Which of the following functions is
graphed below?
y
x
8
(5, 0)
(0, 4)
(5, 0)
2
(0, 4)
(0,41)
(0, 41)
A
x
2
}
16
2
y
2
}
25
5 1
B
y
2
}
16
2
x
2
}
25
5 1
C
x
2
}
4
2
y
2
}
5
5 1
D
y
2
}
4
2
x
2
}
5
5 1
6 Which of the following functions is
graphed below?
21
(11w2, 23)
1
y
x
(12w2, 23)
(1, 21)
(1, 23)
(1, 25)
F
(x 1 1)
2
}
4
1
(y 2 3)
2
}
2
5 1
G
(x 2 1)
2
}
4
1
(y 1 3)
2
}
2
5 1
H
(x 2 1)
2
}
2
1
(y 1 3)
2
}
4
5 1
J
(x 1 1)
2
}
2
1
(y 2 3)
2
}
4
5 1
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SPI 3103.3.12
Interpret graphs that depict real-world phenomena.
To analyze graphs and draw conclusions, you must rst identify the quantities involved in the
problem and how they are related to each other. It is important to determine what the intercepts of
the graph represent in a given situation, and it is also important to determine what the minimum
or maximum value of the graph represents. Pay close attention to the units and scales used on the
graphs axes.
EXAMPLE
This graph shows the height of a baseball from the time it is thrown until it hits the ground.
After how many seconds does the ball rst reach a height of 20 feet?
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h
t

(
f
t
)
Time (s)
x
y
Solution
Look at the graph. Find 20 on the y-axis since the height in feet is shown along this axis.
Notice that the graph has 2 points where the y-coordinate is 20, one on the way up and one on
the way down. We are looking for the rst time the ball reaches 20 feet, so nd the value of the
x-coordinate at the rst point where the y-coordinate is 20. This x-value is about 0.75. Therefore,
the ball rst reaches a height of 20 feet after about 0.75 seconds.

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4 A model of the cost per guest charged by
a caterer for a birthday dinner is shown in
the graph below.
20
40
60
80
20 40 60 80
Number of guests
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o
s
t

p
e
r

g
u
e
s
t
0
0
x
y
If the party host wants to keep the average
cost below $20 per guest, what is the
fewest number of guests he can have at
the party?
F about 20 H about 60
G about 40 J about 80
3 A companys monthly prots are modeled
in the graph below.
200
400
600
800
20 40 60 80
Advertising ($1000s)
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r
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(
$
1
0
0
0
s
)
0
0
x
y
What amount should the company spend
on advertising to maximize its prot?
A $35,000 C $200,000
B $75,000 D $815,000
GO ON
1 Steven is the quarterback on the football
team. He throws the ball to the receiver.
The ball is thrown and caught 5 feet above
the ground. The path of the ball is part of
a parabola as shown.
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t

(
f
t
)
0
10 20 30 40 45 5 0 15 25 35
20
15
10
5
Distance (ft)
x
y
What is the maximum height the ball
reaches?
A 15
1
}
2
ft C 20
1
}
2
ft
B 17 ft D 25 ft
2 Samantha threw a paper airplane into the
air. The ight path was part of a parabola,
as shown below.
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h
t

(
f
t
)
1 0 2 3 4 9 5 6 7 8
Distance (ft)
x
y
8
10
12
14
16
18
4
6
2
0
What was the maximum height the plane
reached?
F 4 ft H 20 ft
G 9 ft J 24 ft
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SPI 3103.3.13
Solve contextual problems using quadratic, rational, radical and exponen-
tial equations, nite geometric series or systems of equations.
1 An electric cable is strung from a power
pole to a building. The height y, in
feet, of the cable x feet from the pole
is approximated by the function
y 5 x
2
2 8x 1 30. What is the closest that
the cable comes to the ground?
A 30 ft
B 23 ft
C 14 ft
D 8 ft
2 Ramona launches a model rocket from the
ground. She calculates the height of the
rocket t seconds after launch using the
function y 5 216t
2
1 128t, where y is
measured in feet above the ground. If she
were to move the rocket and the launcher
to the top of a 400-foot building, what
function would she then use to calculate
the height of the rocket above the ground?
F y 5 216(t 2 400)
2
1 128(t 2 400)
G y 5 216(t 1 400)
2
1 128(t 1 400)
H y 5 216t
2
1 128t 1 400
J y 5 216t
2
1 128t 2 400
Exponential functions can be used to model many real-world problems involving exponential growth
or decay, such as compound interest and depreciation. In general, exponential growth or decay can
be modeled with the equation y 5 a(1 1 r)
t
where a is the initial amount, r is the percent increase or
decrease, and t is the time.
The formula for compound interest is A 5 P 1 1 1
r
}
n
2
nt
, where A is the account balance, P is the
principal deposited, r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times compounded annually, and
t is the time in years.
EXAMPLE
$500 is invested in an account that pays 4% annual interest, compounded monthly. What is the
balance in the account after 8 years?
Solution
A 5 P 1 1 1
r
}
n
2
nt

5 500
1
1 1
0.04
}
12

2

12 8

< 688.20
The balance in the account will be $688.20.

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5 A store is having a drawing at its open
house. The prizes are 16 gift cards
worth a total of $625. Some gift cards
are worth $25 and some are worth $50.
Which system could represent this
situation?
A 25x 1 50y 5 16
25x 1 50y 5 625
B x 1 y 5 16
x 1 y 5 625
C x 1 y 5 625
25x 1 50y 5 16
D x 1 y 5 16
25x 1 50y 5 625
6 Mr. Haynes deposits $5000 in an account
that pays 3.75% annual interest. Which
equation gives the amount in the account
after t years if interest is compounded
annually?
F A 5 5000(0.0375)
t
G A 5 5000(1 1 0.0375)
t
H A 5 5000
1
1 1
0.0375
}
2

2

2t

J A 5 5000
1
1 1
0.0375
}
12

2

12t

7 Which equation models the value after t
years of a boat that was purchased new
for $23,000 and depreciates 12% each
year?
A y 5 212(23,000)
t
B y 5 23,000(0.88)
t
C y 5 23,000(0.12)
t
D y 5 23,000(1.12)
t
3 Grace drops a tennis ball from the top
of a building. The height of the ball as
it falls can be found using the equation
h(t) 5 216t
2
1 200, where t is the time
measured in seconds and h(t) is the height
measured in feet. Which best describes the
change in Graces situation if the equation
is changed to h(t) 5 216t
2
1 161?
A Grace drops the ball 39 seconds
sooner.
B Grace drops the ball with less
velocity.
C When Grace drops the ball, it falls
39 feet.
D Grace drops the ball from a building
that is 161 feet tall.
4 Steve invested $15,000 in two different
interest-earning accounts. The rst
earned 8% per year while the other only
earned 5.5%. After a year, he earned
a total of $1055 in interest from the
two accounts combined. Which system
of equations could you use to nd
how much Steve invested in each
account?

F

{

x 1 y 5 1055
8x 1 5.5y 5 15,000

G

{

x 1 y 5 15,000
8x 1 5.5y 5 1055

H

{

x 1 y 5 15,000
0.08x 1 0.055y 5 1055

J

{

x 1 y 5 15,000
1.08x 1 1.055y 5 1055
GO ON
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SPI 3103.3.14
Solve problems involving the binomial theorem and its connection to
Pascals Triangle, combinatorics, and probability.
Binomial Theorem
If
n
C
r
5
n!
}
(n 2 r)!r!
, then (x 1 y)
n
5
n
C
0
x
n
y
0
1
n
C
1
x
n 2 1
y
1
1 ... 1
n
C
n 2 1
x
1
y
n 2 1
1
n
C
n
x
0
y
n
EXAMPLE 1
In the expansion of (a 1 b)
5
, what is the coefcient of the a
3
b
2
term?
Solution
Apply the Binomial Theorem with n 5 5. Since in a
3
b
2
the power on b is 2, use
r 5 2 to nd the coefcient.
5
C
2
5
5!
}
3! 2!
5
5 4 3!
}
3! 2 1
5 10
In a binomial experiment, a single event with two possible outcomes is repeated several times. The
outcome of the experiment is the number of times each type of outcome occurs. For example, in
spinning a spinner with dark and light sections 5 times, one possible outcome for the experiment is
landing on 3 dark sections and 2 light sections. If the probability of landing on a dark section is p, the
probability of each possible outcome of n trials of the binomial experiment is given by the terms of
the expanded polynomial expression
( p 1 (1 2 p))
n
5
n
C
0
p
n
(1 2 p)
0
1
n
C
1
p
n 2 1
(1 2 p)
1
1 ... 1
n
C
n 2 1
p
1
(1 2 p)
n 2 1
1
n
C
n
p
0
(1 2 p)
n
where the rst term is the probability of landing on exactly n dark sections and 0 light sections, the
second term is the probability of landing on exactly n 2 1 dark sections and 1 light section, and so on.
EXAMPLE 2
The spinner shown is spun 5 times. What is the probability that
exactly 3 of those spins will land on the dark section?
Solution
If 5 spins have exactly 3 that land in the dark section,
then 2 land in a light section. One factor of the probability is
p
3
( p 2 1)
2
. Because the exponent on ( p 2 1) is 2, this term also
has a factor of
5
C
2
. Using the result of the preceding example for
5
C
2
,
5
C
2

1

1
}
3

2

3

1
1 2
1
}
3

2

2
5 10
1

1
}
3

2

3

1

2
}
3

2

2
5 10
2
2
}
3
5
5
40
}
243
0.165
The probability that of 5 spins exactly 3 will land in the dark section is about 16.5%.

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1 You must correctly choose 6 numbers,
each an integer from 1 to 49, to win
a rafe. What is the probability of
winning the rafe? Assume the numbers
are chosen randomly. The order of the
winning numbers is not important.
A
1
}
3,983,816
C
1
}}
1,068,347,520

B
1
}
13,983,816
D
1
}}
10,068,347,520

2 Carla randomly chooses 5 wooden
alphabet tiles from a bag. In the bag,
there are 26 tiles, one for each letter of
the alphabet. What is the probability that
Carla chooses A, B, C, D, and E in any
order?
F
1
}
780
G
1
}
32,540

H
1
}
65,780
J
1
}
7,893,600

3 There are 15 people in a room, each
having a unique birth date. Teams of 3 are
chosen randomly. What is the probability
that the rst 3 people are chosen in order
of their birth dates?
A
1
}
455
C
1
}
2730

B
1
}
1555
D
1
}
7300

4 Cade chooses lettered tiles from a bag
containing 26 lettered tiles, one for
each letter of the alphabet. What is the
probability that he chooses the letters in
the order CADE?
F about 0.003 H about 0.00003
G about 0.0003 J about 0.000003
5 How many terms does the binomial
expansion of (3x
2
1 y
3
)
18
contain?
A 18
B 19
C 36
D 54
6 What are the rst 4 terms in the expansion
of (x 1 3y)
6
?
F x
6
1 18x
5
y 1 135x
4
y
2
1 540x
3
y
3
G x
6
1 18x
5
y 1 180x
4
y
2
1 360x
3
y
3
H x
6
1 18x
5
y 1 270x
4
y
2
1 360x
3
y
3
J x
6
1 18x
5
y 1 360x
4
y
2
1 540x
3
y
3
7 Which is the coefcient of y
4
in the
expansion of ( y 1 4)
9
?
A 126
B 1024
C 32,256
D 129,024
8 Which is the coefcient of x
3
in the
expansion of (2x
3
1 3)
8
?
F 3078
G 16,128
H 34,992
J 108,864
GO ON
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A trigonometric ratio for an acute angle u is a ratio of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle.
When the triangle is drawn inside a unit circle, the trigonometric ratios can be defined in terms of the
coordinates of a point on the circle.
sin u 5
opposite
}
hypotenuse
5
y
}
1
5 y
cos u 5
adjacent
}
hypotenuse
5
x
}
1
5 x
tan u 5
opposite
}
adjacent
5
y
}
x

The resulting equations define trigonometric functions that also apply to angles greater
than 90 degrees.
EXAMPLE
Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of each of the following angles: 60, 135, 210, and 330.
Solution
Eor u 5 60, the corresponding point on the unit circle is
1

1
}
2
,
}
3
}
2

2
.
Therefore, sin 60 5
}
3
}
2
, cos 60 5
1
}
2
, and tan 60 5
}
3 /2
}
1/2
5
}
3 .
Similarly, u 5 135 corresponds to
1
2
}
2
}
2
,
}
2
}
2

2
.
So, sin 135 5
}
2
}
2
, cos 135 5 2
}
2
}
2
,
and tan 135 5
2
}
2 /2
}

}
2 /2
5 21.
sin 210 5 2
1
}
2
, cos 210 5 2
}
3
}
2
, and
tan 210 5
21/2
}
2
}
3 /2
5
1
}

}
3
.
sin 330 5 2
1
}
2
, cos 330 5
}
3
}
2
, and
tan 330 5
21/2
}
2
}
3 /2
5
1
}

}
3
.
SPI 3103.4.1
Exhibit knowledge of unit circle trigonometry.
y
x
608
308
3308
308
458
1358
2108
608

3

2
2

2

2

2
1
2
,
1
2
, 2
(
2
)
,

3

2
1
2
, 2
(
2
)
(
2
)
( )

3

2
(x, y)
y
x
1

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1 The diagram below shows a 120 angle
in standard position with its terminal side
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
1208
true?
A x 5 2
1
}
2
C x 5 2cos 60
B y 5
}
3
}
2
D y 5 2sin 60
2 The angle shown below is in standard
position.
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
308
What is the value of x?
F
}
2
}
2
H
}
3
}
3

G
}
3
}
2
J
1
}
2

3 The diagram below shows a 2135 angle
in standard position with its terminal side
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
21358
What is the value of x?
A 2
}
2
}
2
C 2
1
}
2

B
}
2
}
2
D
1
}
2

position.
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
3308
true?
F x 5 2
}
3
}
2
H x 5 cos 30
G y 5 2
1
}
2
J y 5 2sin 30
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SPI 3103.4.2
Match graphs of basic trigonometric functions with their equations.
For all nonzero real numbers a and b, the basic trigonometric functions are shown in the table.
Function Equation Domain Range Period Graph
Sine y 5 a sin bx all real numbers y $ 2a or y # a

2p
}

)
b
)

x
y
O
1
1
2 2
2
period
y5sinx
0.5
0.5
Cosine y 5 a cos bx all real numbers y $ 2a or y # a

2p
}

)
b
)

2
period
x
y
O
1
1
2 2
0.5
0.5
y5cosx
Tangent y 5 a tan bx all real numbers
except multiples
of
p
}

)
b
)

all real numbers

p
}

)
b
)

period
5
22 2 2
O
y5tanx
x
y
10
210
25
Cosecant y 5 a csc bx all real numbers
except multiples
of
p
}

)
b
)

y # 2a or y $ a

2p
}

)
b
)

x
y
3
1
3
2
2
period
y5cscx
1
O
2
2
2
Secant y 5 a sec bx all real numbers
except odd
multiples of

p
}
2
)
b
)

y # 2a or y $ a

2p
}

)
b
)

x
2
O
2
y5secx
2
y
period
Cotangent y 5 a cot bx all real numbers

except multiples
of
p
}

)
b
)

all real numbers

p
}

)
b
)

period
5
O
y
10
210
25
2 22 2
y5cot x
x

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x
y
O
21.5
1.5
22 2 2
A sine
B cosine
C tangent
D cosecant
x
y
O
2
22
24
4
2
2

22
2 3
2
2
F
1
}
2
tan (x)
G 2 tan (x)
H tan
1

1
}
2
x
2

J tan (2x)
x
y
22 2 2
O
A cosecant
B secant
C cotangent
D tangent
x
y
O
21
22
1
2
2 3 4
F
1
}
2
sin
1

1
}
2
x
2

G 2 sin (2x)
H
1
}
2
sin 2x
J 2 sin
1

1
}
2
x
2

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SPI 3103.4.3
Describe and articulate the characteristics and parameters of parent
trigonometric functions to solve contextual problems.
For functions of the form y 5 A sin Bx 1 D or y 5 A cos Bx 1 D, the amplitude is
)
A
)
, the
period is
2p
}
B
, and the vertical shift is D.
EXAMPLE
The average time of sunrise over a 12-month interval
can be modeled by the equation A cos Bx 1 D.
Use the graph at the right to determine the following:
a. the vertical shift D
b. the amplitude A
c. the value of B
Solution
a. The vertical shift D is the average of the minimum and maximum values: D 5
5.0 1 8.0
}
2
5 6.5.
b. The amplitude A is half the difference between the maximum and minimum values:
A 5
8.0 2 5.0
}
2
5 1.5.
c. The graph repeats at x 5 12 months. Thus,
2p
}
B
5 12, so B 5
2p
}
12
5
p
}
6
.
T
i
m
e

o
f

s
u
n
r
i
s
e
Time of Average Monthly Sunrise
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
0 10 11 12
Month of year
y
x

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3 The height of one tip of a planes propeller
above the ground can be modeled by a sine
curve.
2
4
6
8
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
Time (s)
H
e
i
g
h
t

(
f
t
)
0
0
x
y
What are the period, T, and amplitude, A,
of the function?
A T 5 0.025 s; A 5 3 ft
B T 5 0.025 s; A 5 6 ft
C T 5 0.05 s; A 5 3 ft
D T 5 0.05 s; A 5 6 ft
4 The temperature of an air-conditioned
room over a 1-hour time period can be
modeled by a sine curve.
72
76
80
84
10 20 30 40 50
Time (min)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
F
)
0
0
x
y
of the function?
F T 5 10 s; A 5 3 F
G T 5 12 s; A 5 3 F
H T 5 10 s; A 5 6 F
J T 5 12 s; A 5 6 F
1 The hours of daylight in a town in Alaska
can be modeled by a sine curve.
4
8
12
16
20
200 400 600
Day
T
i
m
e

(
h
r
)
0
0
x
y
of the function?
A T < 360 days; A < 8 hours
B T < 360 days; A < 16 hours
C T < 720 days; A < 8 hours
D T < 720 days; A < 16 hours
2 The distance from the top of a carousel
horse to the ground when the ride is in
motion can be modeled by a sine curve.
2
4
6
8
10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
H
e
i
g
h
t

(
f
t
)
0
0
x
y
What are the period, T, and
amplitude, A, of the function?
F T 5 10 s; A 5 2 ft
G T 5 10 s; A 5 1 ft
H T 5 8 s; A 5 2 ft
J T 5 8 s; A 5 1 ft
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SPI 3103.3.5.1
Compute, compare and explain summary statistics for distributions of
data including measures of center and spread.
A number used to represent the center or middle of a set of data values is a measure of central
tendency. Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency.
The mean is the average of the data values. Find the mean by adding all the values and dividing by
the number of values.
The median is the middle value. Find the median by ordering the numbers from smallest to largest.
If the number of values is odd, the median is the middle number. If the number of values is even, the
median is the average of the middle two numbers.
The mode is the most frequently occurring value. If no value appears more than once, the data has
no mode. It is possible for a data set to have multiple modes.
A number used to represent the spread of a set of data values is a measure of dispersion. Range,
interquartile range, variance, and standard deviation are measures of dispersion.
The quartiles divide the data into four parts, each with an equal number of data elements.
Quartile 1 is the median of the lower half the data. Quartile 2 is the same as the median of the
data set. Quartile 3 is the median of the upper half of the data.
The interquartile range is calculated as Quartile 3 2 Quartile 1.
The variance, denoted by s
2
, is the average of the squared differences of a numerical data set
x
1
, x
2
, . . ., x
n
from the mean,
}
x :
s
2
5
(x
1
2
}
x )
2
1 (x
1
2
}
x )
2
1 1 (x
n
2
}
x )
2

}}}
n

The standard deviation, denoted by s, is the square root of the variance of a numerical data set
x
1
, x
2
, . . ., x
n
:
s 5
}}}

(x
1
2
}
x )
2
1 (x
1
2
}
x )
2
1 1 (x
n
2
}
x )
2

}}}
n

EXAMPLE
Find the variance and standard deviation of the data set. 30, 8, 12, 35, 62, 48, 50
Find the mean of the data set.
}
x 5
30 1 8 1 12 1 35 1 62 1 48 1 50
}}}
7
5
245
}
7
5 35
Find the variance.
s
2
5
(30 2 35)
2
1 (8 2 35)
2
1 (12 2 35)
2
1 (35 2 35)
2
1 (62 2 35)
2
1 (48 2 35)
2
1 (50 2 35)
2
}}}}}}}
7
< 343.71
Find the standard deviation. s 5
}
343.71 < 18.54

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SPI 3103.3.5.1 (continued)

5 A data set has a mean of 8, a median of
6 and a standard deviation of 3.2. Suppose
every value in the data set is multiplied
by 4. What is the mean, median and
standard deviation of the new data set?
A 12, 10, 3.2 C 32, 24, 3.2
B 12, 10, 7.2 D 32, 24, 12.8
6 Emily works at a car dealership. The list
below shows the number of hours she
worked each day for a 6-day period.
7, 8, 7, 6, 8, 6
If the mean of these data is 7, what is the
standard deviation for these data? Round
your answer to the nearest hundredth.
F 0.67 H 0.91
G 0.82 J 0.99
7 Find the mean and the variance of the data
set below.
35, 45, 30, 35, 40, 25
A 35 and 6.5 C 35 and 41.7
B 35 and 13 D 35 and 169
8 The data set below represents the number
of pages for ve different food magazines
issued in June.
118, 146, 98, 102, 152
Find the variance and standard deviation
for the data. Round to the nearest tenth.
F 22.2 and 492.2
G 22.2 and 123.2
H 492.2 and 123.2
J 492.2 and 22.2
1 Kohei found the mean and standard
deviation of the numbers below. If he
multiplies each number by 5, which of the
following will result?
9, 5, 2, 1, 4, 5, 10
A The standard deviation will be multi-
plied by 5.
B The standard deviation will not
change.
C The mean will increase by 5.
D The mean will not change.
2 Find the mean and standard deviation for
the data set below.
5, 6, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17
F 11 and 4.7 H 11 and 9.4
G 11 and 5.1 J 11 and 22
3 The median of a data set is 15. Each
value in the data set is increased by 4.
What is the new median?
A 15 C 30
B 19 D 60
4 The data set below shows the number of
miles that 8 runners ran during 1 week.
21, 15, 12, 18, 8, 14, 12, 16
Find the mean, median, and mode.
F 12, 14, and 14.5
G 14.5, 12, and 14.5
H 12, 15, and 14.5
J 14.5, 14.5, and 12
GO ON
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SPI 3103.5.2
Compare data sets using graphs and summary statistics.
You can use summary statistics to compare data sets.
EXAMPLE
The table shows the birth weights of a sample of babies born at a hospital on two different dates.
Birth Weights (ounces)
March 1 September 1
77, 83, 90, 107,
109, 110, 112, 114,
115, 120, 120, 125,
126, 130, 131, 131,
147, 147, 147, 160
88, 90, 90, 98, 108,
110, 114, 115, 119,
119, 120, 120, 120,
126, 128, 130, 130,
140, 152, 157
Compare the means and the standard deviations of the two data sets.
Solution
Enter the data sets into a calculator and use the CALC: 1-Var Statistics feature.
March 1 data set: Mean 5 120.05 oz Standard Deviation 5 21.00 oz
September 1 data set: Mean 5 118.7 oz Standard Deviation 5 18.27 oz
The second data set has a smaller mean and a smaller standard deviation. Overall, the babies born on
September 1 were smaller and their weights were more closely clustered near the mean.
1 The graph shows the number of students
who tried out for the basketball teams at a
local high school.
0
2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

S
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
Girls
Boys
10
20
30
40
50
Which basketball team had the greater
mean number of students who tried out
from 2006 to 2009?
A the boys team
B the girls team
C The means are the same.
D The answer cannot be determined.
data sets?
Set A {6, 10, 7, 7, 9, 2, 8}
Set B {8, 12, 9, 9, 11, 4, 10}
F The standard deviations are equal.
G The means are equal.
H The medians are equal.
J The modes are equal.

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5 Mark earned the following test scores in
his Biology class.
84, 79, 88, 75, 74
Mark earned a 98 on his last Biology test.
By how many points did Marks average
test score increase after the sixth test?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
6 Which data set is most tightly clustered
about its mode?
F [4, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6]
G [6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8]
H [2, 2, 6, 6, 6, 10, 10]
J [4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8]
GO ON
3 Jeff wanted to compare the prices of MP3
players at two stores. He checked the
price of seven MP3 players at Store X,
and then checked the prices of the same
MP3 players at Store Y.
60
60 75 80 100 125
80 100 120 140 160
Store X
70 85 100 110 150
Store Y
Price of MP3 Player ($)
Which statement is true?
A The median price of MP3 players
at Store X is lower than the median
price at Store Y.
B The median price of MP3 players at
Store X is higher than the median
price at Store Y.
C The median price of MP3 players is
the same at both stores.
D The median prices of MP3 players
cannot be determined from the box
plots.
4 Which statistical measure is not changed
when the 7 in the following data set is
changed to 15?
16, 10, 12, 9, 20, 7, 11, 15, 15
F mean
G median
H mode
J weighted average
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You can often describe the relationship of data displayed in a scatter plot. Look for a pattern in the plot
that might indicate a linear relationship, or a non-linear relationship, such as quadratic, exponential, or
logarithmic.
EXAMPLE 1
Describe the relationship shown in the data in the scatter plot.
2 0 4 6 8 10
x
0
1000
800
600
400
200
y
Solution
The trend of the data is to first increase slowly, and then to increase more rapidly. This pattern fits an
exponential relationship.
EXAMPLE 2
Describe the relationship shown in the data in the scatter plot.
y
0
25
20
15
10
5
5 0 10 15 20 25
x
Solution
The trend of the data is to first increase rapidly, and then to increase more slowly. This pattern fits a
logarithmic relationship.
SPI 3103.5.3
Analyze patterns in a scatter-plot and describe relationships in both linear
and non-linear data.

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1 The data in the graph show the height

above ground of an object in free-fall.
What type of relationship exists between
the data?
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H
e
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h
t

(
f
t
)
0
0
Time (s)
A linear C logarithmic
B quadratic D exponential
2 Laurie recorded the high temperature in
Knoxville each Saturday for two months
and recorded the data in the graph below.
Week
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
8
F
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
70
60
50
0
x
y
What is the relationship between the week
number and the high temperature on that
Saturday?
F The high temperature is dependent on
the week number.
G The week number is dependent on the
high temperature.
H The week number and the high
temperature are each dependent on
the other.
J There is no relationship.
3 The graph shows the number of bean
plants that have sprouted after a number
of days.
P
l
a
n
t
s

h
a
v
i
n
g

s
p
r
o
u
t
e
d
0
2 4 6 8 10 0
2
4
6
8
10
Days
the least likely to exist among the data?
A linear C quadratic
B exponential D logarithmic
4 The graph shows the number of
mockingbirds counted in a state park in
the rst 7 months of last year.
y
x
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 0
2
1
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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u
m
b
e
r

o
f

m
o
c
k
i
n
g
b
i
r
d
s
Month
the most likely to exist among the data?
F linear H cubic
G quadratic J quartic
GO ON
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SPI 3103.5.4
Apply the characteristics of the normal distribution.
A normal probability distribution, often called a bell curve, is symmetric about a central peak and
extends innitely far to the left and right. The location of the peak on the horizontal axis is the mean
of the distribution. The spread of the peak is described by the standard deviation, which represents
a distance from the mean. The greater the standard deviation, the greater the spread. With a normal
distribution, about 68% of the area under the curve lies within 1 standard deviation from the mean,
1 std.
dev.
1 std.
dev.
mean
68%
About 95% of the area under the curve lies within 2 standard deviations from the mean, and about
99.7% lies within 3 standard deviations. For a given interval on the horizontal axis, the area under the
curve over that interval represents the probability that an outcome will fall within the interval.
EXAMPLE
A variable has a normal probability distribution with a mean of 8 and a standard deviation of 2.5.
Sketch the curve and nd the probability that on a single trial, the variable takes on a value between
8 and 13.
Solution
3 8 13
The interval from 8 to 13 represents the values that lie within 2 standard deviations of the mean and
are greater than the mean. The probability that the variable falls in that interval is about half of 95%,
or 47.5%.
Some variables, such as height and weight in a random sample of people, tend to have normal
distribution. Other variables tend not to be normally distributed. Peoples salaries, housing prices,
and city populations, for example, all have asymmetric distributions, with more extreme values
above the mean than below it.

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1 A standard normal distribution:
A has a mean of 1 and a standard
deviation of 0
B has a mean of 1 and a standard
deviation of 1
C has a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1
D has a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 0
2 Approximately how much of the area
under a standard normal curve is within
one standard deviation of the mean?
F 99% H 80%
G 95% J 68%
3 Which of the following is least likely to
be normally distributed?
A daily rainfall, in inches, in a small
town in Arizona
B the number of trafc tickets issued
daily in New York City
C the number of seconds it takes some-
one to thread a needle
D the number of eas on a wolf
4 The SAT is designed so that the scores
are normally distributed with a mean
of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.
Approximately what percent of the scores
are below 600?
F 98% H 16%
G 84% J 50%
5 The scores on a math test are normally
distributed with a mean of 65 and a
standard deviation of 13. Find the score
that is two standard deviations below
the mean.
A 26 C 52
B 78 D 39
6 A set of data is normally distributed with
a standard deviation of 9. If the value
101 is two standard deviations above the
mean, what is the mean?
F 83 H 119
G 95 J 92
7 A set of data is normally distributed. The
value one standard deviation below the
mean is 48, and the value one standard
deviation above the mean is 64. What are
the mean and standard deviation?
A mean 5 52; standard deviation 5 4
B mean 5 56; standard deviation 5 2
}
2
C mean 5 56; standard deviation 5 8
D mean 5 56; standard deviation 5 16
8 A set of data are normally distributed with
a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of
7. Which value is two standard deviations
above the mean?
F 65 H 44
G 51 J 72
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SPI 3103.5.5
Determine differences between randomized experiments and
observational studies.
In a survey, a specific group of people is asked a series of questions about the topic under
consideration. When designing a survey, it is important to keep several factors in mind:
Surveys can be given in person, online, over the phone, or by mail.
Survey results can be affected by the wording of the question.
Survey results may be biased if the population is selected so that respondents are more or less
likely than the general public to answer questions in a certain way.
Survey results may be affected by respondents not answering truthfully or completely.
In an observation, the group being studied is observed without any intervention on the part of the
researcher.
In an experimental study, the researcher will collect data, intervene in some way in the population
being studied, and then collect data again to study the effects of the intervention.
An experimental study is a controlled experiment if the intervention is not performed on some of the
population (the control group) so that the results found in the group that had the intervention can be
compared to the control group.
There are several different ways to sample a population for a survey or study.
Random samples and biased samples each have their place in data collection. In a random sample,
no part of the population is favored over another, and so a random sample is more likely to lead to
sound conclusions. In a biased sample, one or more parts of the population have a greater likelihood
of being included. However, biased sampling is generally easier and cheaper than random sampling
and can be necessary when random sampling is not feasible.
Random Samples Biased Samples
Type
Type
Simple Random
Sample
Convenience
Sample
Those members of the popu-
lation that are easily accessed
are chosen for the sample.
Members of the population
who want to participate make
up the sample.
Voluntary Response
Sample
Stratified Random
Sample
Systematic Random
Sample
The population is divided into
similar groups. Then a simple
random sample is chosen
from each group.
A member of the population
is chosen for the sample at a
regular interval.
Every member of the
population has an equal
chance of being chosen for
the sample.
Definition
Definition

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4 A telemarketer calls every hundredth

name in the phone book. Which type of
sampling method did he use?
F random sampling
G convenience sampling
H systematic sampling
J self-selected sampling
5 A company wants to know if employees
are satised with the companys vacation
policy. Which sampling method will give
the most representative sample?
A place survey cards and a survey
box outside the human resources
department
B survey all employees with children
C survey every tenth employee
D survey every tenth employee who
arrives to work on Friday
6 Members of the student council want to
conduct a survey to see if students would
like to change the school mascot. Which
method of sampling is least likely to
produce a biased sample?
F survey students in the school
cafeteria
G survey every fth student who enters
the building before school
H survey friends of the student council
members
J survey every student from the
school who attends a varsity
basketball game
1 A principal wants to know whether
students would like pizza as a lunch
option every day. She surveyed every
other student who entered the cafeteria
during lunch. What is the sample?
A all football players
B every other student who entered the
cafeteria during lunch
C all students who buy lunch in the
cafeteria
D all students in the school
2 A research agency wants to determine
how many hours per day people in the
U.S. spend watching television. Which
sampling method will give the most
representative sample?
F survey 1000 households in Alabama
G survey 1000 randomly selected
households in the U.S.
H survey 1000 randomly selected
households in the Northeast
J survey 1000 households in ve states
3 A pharmaceutical company wants to
test the effects of a new cold medicine.
The company advertises for test subject
volunteers in the local newspaper. Which
type of sampling method is used?
A random sampling
B convenience sampling
C systematic sampling
D self-selected sampling
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SPI 3103.5.6
Find the regression curve that best ts both linear and non-linear data
(using technology such as a graphing calculator) and use it to make
predictions.
To determine a regression curve that best fits a set of data, first plot the data on a scatter plot. Next,
consider the general shape of the scatter plot to select an appropriate curve to find using a graphing
calculator. If the shape of the scatter plot is not clear, you may need to try two or more curves to see
which best fits the data.
Once you have found a regression curve, you can use it to make predictions.
EXAMPLE
The table shows the distance Amanda bicycled during a 30-minute training ride each week for 10
weeks. Find the regression curve that best fits the data, and predict the distance Amanda will ride in
week 15.
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Distance (mi) 5.8 7.3 7.7 8.8 9.3 9.5 10.1 9.9 10.3 10.4
Solution
Make a scatter plot of the data.
The trend of the data is to increase more rapidly at first,
and then to increase more slowly. This describes a logarithmic
relationship. A logarithmic regression curve would most likely
be the best fit for the data.
Enter the data into a graphing calculator by assigning to one list
the weeks (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and to another list the
corresponding times (5.8, 7.3, 7.7, 8.8, 9.3, 9.5, 10.1, 9.9, 10.3, 10.4).
Use the logarithmic regression selection to find the equation for the regression line:
y 5 5.8 1 2.1 ln x. Evaluate the equation at x 5 15 to predict Amandas distance in week 15.
The value is about 11.5 miles.
2 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
4 6 8 10
x
y
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Week

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1 The scatter plot shows the number of

members of a social networking Web site
t days after it is launched.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0
Based on the line of best t, y 5 4.75x 1
5.29, about how many members did the
site have nine days after it was launched?
A 43 B 50 C 48 D 45
2 The scatter plot represents the ages of ten
people and their yearly incomes.
0
Age of Person
Y
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Age of Person vs. Yearly Income
If another person earns $102,000 per
year, which is the best prediction for the
persons age, based on the line of best t?
F 50 H 66
G 60 J 80
3 The scatter plot shows Tiffanys time to
the nearest 0.2 second for a one-mile run
each week for eight weeks. Find the linear
regression equation, and use it to predict
Tiffanys time in week 10.
x
y
2
9
10
11
12
12 10 8 6 4
Week
Time for One-Mile Run
M
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s
A y 5 20.18x 1 11.5, 9.7 min
B y 5 20.13x 1 10.8, 9.5 min
C y 5 20.20x 1 11.0, 9.0 min
D y 5 20.70x 1 15.5, 8.5 min
4 A bookstore owner tracked the number
of sales the store made each hour after
opening.
Hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number
of Sales
8 15 21 26 28 34 39 43
Choose the best estimate for the equation
of the regression line and use it to predict
the number of sales in the tenth hour.
F y 5 4.8x 1 5; 53
G 4x 1 4; 44
H 5.5x 1 2.5; 58
J 5.6x 1 3; 59
GO ON
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SPI 3103.5.7
Determine/recognize when the correlation coefcient measures
goodness of t.
The correlation coefcient r of a regression equation indicates the nature and strength of the asso-
ciation between the two variables. The correlation coefcient ranges from 0 to 1 when the regression
curve is increasing, and from 0 to 21 when the regression curve is decreasing. Values near 21 or 1
indicate a strong relationship, while a value near 0 indicates little or no relationship. When a calculator
performs least-squares regression, it stores the correlation coefcient as the variable r.
The following graphs illustrate different values for r obtained when nding a linear regression curve
for the data.
x
r near 1
y

r near 0
x
y

r near 21
x
y
1 A biologist writes four different models
for a scatter plot. The correlation
coefcient for each model is listed
below. Which correlation coefcient has
the best t?
A r 5 20.92
B r 5 20.06
C r 5 0.13
D r 5 0.79
2 Celeste calculates a regression line with a
correlation coefcient of 20.09 using the
data shown in the scatter plot below.
x
y
What can you conclude about Celestes
regression line?
F It is an exact t to the data.
G It is a good t to the data.
H It is a fair t to the data.
J It is a poor t to the data.

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4 A student found the regression line for a
set of data shown in the graph below. If
the correlation coefcient of the line is
20.92, which set of data did the student
most likely use?
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F
)
0
2 4 6 8 10 0
10
20
30
40
50
Time (h)
Temperatures in Jackson
y
x
F
x y
2 44
5 41
9 33
G
x y
2 35
5 40
9 42
H
x y
1 50
4 30
7 10
J
x y
1 42
4 36
7 28
3 Select the graph most likely to represent
a regression line of the data with a
correlation coefcient of 20.95.
A
B
C
D
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1 Philip is randomly drawing a card from a
standard deck of 52 playing cards. What
is the probability that he will draw either
a 7 or a club?
A
1
}
52
C
17
}
52

B
4
}
13
D
9
}
26

2 From a standard deck of 52 playing cards,
Kelly randomly picks a card, replaces it,
and then selects another card. What is the
probability that the two cards she chooses
are both hearts?
F
1
}
2
H
1
}
8

G
1
}
4
J
1
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SPI 3103.5.8
Apply probability concepts such as conditional probability and independent
events to calculate simple probability.
Theoretical probability is computed by dividing the number of ways a particular event can happen
by the number of events in a sample space. The probability that an event E will occur is written as
P(E ). Probability can be expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage. A value of 0 or 0% means
that the event cannot happen. A value of 1 or 100% means the event is certain to happen.
The conditional probability of B given A, P(B|A), is the probability that B occurs, given
that A has occurred. For any two events A and B, P(B|A) 5
P(A and B)
}
P(A)
.
EXAMPLE 1
A number cube is rolled. What is the probability that the roll is a 4, given that it is an even number?
Intuitively, a number cube has three even numbers, 2, 4 and 6, all equally likely.
So the probability of a 4, given that the roll is even, is
1
}
3
. Using the conditional probability formula,
P(4 | even) 5
P(even and 4)
}}
P(even)
5

1
}
6

}

1
}
2

5
1
}
6
p
2
}
1
5
2
}
6
5
1
}
3

Two events, A and B, are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the
occurrence of the other. For independent events, P(B|A) 5 P(B) and P(A and B) 5 P(A) p P(B).
EXAMPLE 2
For a machine that stamps out machine parts, 2% of the parts come out defective. If two parts are
picked at random from a weeks worth of production from that machine, what is the probability that
both parts are defective? Treat each part as an independent event.
P(defective first part) 5 P(defective second part) 5 0.02. By the rule for independent events, P(both
parts defective) 5 0.02 p 0.02 5 0.0004. The probability that both parts are defective is 0.04%.

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3 Lane has a marble collection that he

keeps in a cloth bag. The number of each
color of marble is shown in the table
below. Every color he has is listed. If he
randomly selects two marbles from the
bag, one at a time without replacement,
what is the probability that both marbles
are green?
Color Number
Red 13
Blue 14
Green 24
Yellow 23
A
144
}
1369

B
276
}
2701

C
12
}
37

D
1727
}
2701

4 A bag contains 15 golf balls, 4 of which
are defective. If two balls are selected
randomly from the bag, what is the
probability that both are defective?
F about 0.0075
G about 0.057
H about 0.57
J about 0.75
5 In a high school, the probability that a
student is taking Spanish and French is
0.04. The probability that a student takes
Spanish is 0.36. Find P(French|Spanish).
A 0.320
B 0.125
C 0.11
}
1
D 0.0144
6 A bag contains red and blue marbles. Two
marbles are selected without replacement.
The probability of selecting a red marble
and a blue marble is 0.20. The probability
of selecting a red marble rst is 0.75.
What is P(blue|red)?
F 0.550
G 0.36
}
36
H 0.26
}
6
J 0.150
7 Events A and B are dependent. What is
P(A and B) given that P(A) 5 0.3 and
P(B)

A) 5 0.5?
A 0.15
B 0.2
C 0.8
D 1
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Post Test 97 Algebra II Tennessee
GO ON
Post Test
1 The graph of a quadratic function is
shown. Which of these best describes the
zero(s) of the function?

21
1
2
3
4
21 22 23 24 0 1 2 3 4
22
23
24
y
x
A 1 real zero
B 1 imaginary zero
C 2 real zeros
D 2 imaginary zeros
2 Which function is shown below?
x
y
21
0.5
1
p
2
3p
2
p 2p
O
F sin 2x
G 2 sin x
H
1
}
2
sin 2x
J 2 sin 2x
position. What is the value of x?
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
1508
A 2
1
}
2
C 2
}
3
}
2

B
1
}
2
D
}
3
}
2

4 The diagram below shows a 45 angle in
standard position with its terminal side
x
y
r

5
1
(x, y)
458
true?
F x 5
1
}
2

G y 5
}
2
}
2

H sin 45 5 cos 45
J y 5 sin 45

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98 Post Test Algebra II Tennessee
Name

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Post Test (continued)

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2x 2 y 1 2z 5 27
2x 1 2y 2 4z 5 5
x 1 4y 2 6z 5 21
A (23, 21, 1)
B (23, 21, 2)
C (22, 21, 21)
D (23, 21, 21)
6 The graph shows the daily production
cost for a company that manufactures
microwave ovens, where x is the number
of ovens produced. Which statement is
true about this situation?
C
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t

(
d
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a
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s
)
0
10 20 30 0
700
800
600
Ovens
x
y
F The minimum cost is $700.
G The minimum cost is $20.
H To minimize the cost, the company
should produce 700 ovens.
J To maximize prot, the company
should produce 800 ovens.
7 If f (g(x)) 5 (5x
2
1 2)
2
, which of the
following could be true?
A f (x) 5 5x 1 2 and g(x) 5 x
2
B f (x) 5 (5x)
2
and g(x) 5 2x
2
C f (x) 5 5x
2
1 2 and g(x) 5 x
2
D f (x) 5 x
2
and g(x) 5 5x
2
1 2
8 The table shows the birth weights of a
sample of babies born at a hospital on two
different dates.
Birth Weights (ounces)
March 1 September 1
77, 83, 90, 107,
109, 110, 112, 114,
115, 120, 120, 125,
126, 130, 131, 131,
147, 147, 147, 160
88, 90, 90, 98, 108,
110, 114, 115, 119,
119, 120, 120, 120,
126, 128, 130, 130,
140, 152, 157
Which statement is true?
F The mean birth weight of babies
born on March 1 is greater than the
mean birth weight of babies born on
September 1.
G The mean birth weight of babies
born on March1 is less than the
mean birth weight of babies born on
September 1.
H The mean birth weights are equal.
J The mean cannot be determined
from the given data.
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12 The table below shows the observed
height y (in feet) of an ocean tide x hours
after the initial observation.
x y
0 3.8
2 2.5
4 1.2
6 0.7
8 2.1
10 3.5
12 4.2
14 3.3
16 1.8
18 1.0
20 1.7
22 3.1
24 3.8
Use the regression capabilities of a
graphing calculator to nd a sine function
that models the data.
F y 5 1.6 sin (0.5x 12.1) 1 2.5
G y 5 1.6 sin (0.5x) 1 4.6
H y 5 1.6 1 [sin (0.5x 12.1) 1 2.5]
J y 5 1.6 sin (2.6x) 1 2.5
9 Divide by using long division:
(2x
2
1 4x
3
2 4 2 10x) 4 (2x 1 3)
A 2x
2
1 2x 1 2 1
2
}
2x 1 3

B 2x
2
2 2x 2 1 2
1
}
2x 1 3

C 2x
2
1 2x 1 1 2
1
}
2x 1 3

D 2x
2
2 2x 2 2 1
2
}
2x 1 3

10 A set of data is normally distributed with
a mean of 105 and standard deviation
of 16. Which value is one standard
deviation above the mean?
F 97
G 121
H 89
J 101
11 Which of the following can be used to
nd the coefcient of the 9th term of
(a 1 b)
15
?
A
15
C
8
B
15
C
9
C
8
C
15
D
9
C
15

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Algebra II Tennessee 100 Post Test
Name

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14 Students from a high school were
asked which pet is their favorite. Find
P(cat|male).
Male
Students
Female
Students
Cat 18 46
Dog 58 34
Reptile 32 8
Bird 6 15
Fish 10 15
Other 5 2
F about 0.14
G about 0.07
H about 0.28
J about 0.04
13 Which graph best represents the solution
to this system of inequalities?
y , 2x 21
y $ 23x 1 2
A
y
x O
2
2
B y
x
2
2
O
C
y
x O
2
2
D
y
x
2
2
O
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16 The stem-and-leaf plots show the quiz
scores for Mrs. Wests rst period and
third period algebra classes.
First Period Third Period
6
7
8
9
5 8
2 4 5 5 8 8
0 2 5 6
0 4 8
5
6
7
8
9
6
4 6
5 6 6 8 9
4 5 5 6
4 8 8
Which class period had the greater
median quiz score?
F rst period
G third period
H The median quiz scores are equal.
J The median quiz scores cannot be
determined.
15 Richard rolls two six-sided dice. One
die is black and one is white. What is the
probability that the white die shows a 3
and the sum is greater than 7?
A
1
}
18

B
1
}
12

C
1
}
9

D
1
}
4

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19 Ilana is training for a marathon. The data
sets below show the number of miles she
runs each day over a two-week period.
Week 1: 8, 6, 12, 11, 15, 9
Week 2: 10, 8, 12, 8, 6, 17
true about the data sets?
A The means are equal.
B The median of the data set for
week 1 is greater than the median
of the data set for week 2.
C The standard deviations are equal.
D The range of the data for week 1 is
smaller than the range of the data for
week 2.
20 A cellular phone service company charges
20 cents for each minute or part of a
minute of airtime. If the total charge y is
a function of the number of minutes x that
Cora uses her phone, what is the range of
this function?
F {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .}
G 0 # y # 20
H {0, 20, 40, 60, . . .}
J y $ 0
17 Describe how the graph of y 5 f (x 2 3)
relates to the graph of y 5 f (x).
A The graph of y 5 f (x 2 3) is the
graph of y 5 f (x) shifted left 3 units.
B The graph of y 5 f (x 2 3) is the
graph of y 5 f (x) shifted right 3
units.
C The graph of y 5 f (x 2 3) is the
graph of y 5 f (x) shifted up 3 units.
D The graph of y 5 f (x 2 3) is the
graph of y 5 f (x) shifted down 3
units.
18 If f (x) 5 2 1 x
1/5
and g(x) 5 x 2 2,
perform the following operation.
f (x)
?
g(x)
F x
6/5
1 2x 2 2x
1/5
2 4
G 3x 1 4
H x
12/5
1 4
J 3x 2 x
1/5
1 4
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23 A persons blood pressure can be modeled
by a sine curve.
Time (s)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
m
m
H
g
)
1 2 3 4 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
x
y
What are the period and amplitude of the
function?
A period 5 1 s; amplitude 5 20 mmHg
B period 5 1 s; amplitude 5 40 mmHg
C period 5 5 s; amplitude 5 20 mmHg
D period 5 5 s; amplitude 5 40 mmHg
24 Use the discriminant to determine the
nature of the roots of 3x
2
2 7x 1 5 5 0.
F no real roots
G 1 real root
H 2 real roots
J 1 real and 1 imaginary root
21 In the set of numbers

5
24 2 3i, 2
}
2 , 0,
1
}
2
i, , 5.4
6
, which are
complex numbers?
A

5
24 2 3i,
1
}
2
i
6

B

5
23i,
1
}
2
i
6

C

5
24 2 3i, 2
}
2 , 0,
1
}
2
i, , 5.4
6

D

5
24 2 3i, 2
}
2 ,
1
}
2
i,
6

22 The graph of which function has an
asymptote?
F y 5
}
x 2 1
G y 5
1
}
x
2
2 1

H y 5 x
2
2 1
J y 5
x
2
2 1
}
4

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27 Anna is conducting a survey to determine
the percentage of teenage girls in her
town who participate in sports. Which
group of people would be the most
representative sample for her survey?
A every fth person leaving the local
sporting goods store
B every other female student entering
the local high school
C all of the female students on the
soccer team
D every other student entering the local
high school
28 The data in the table show the amount of
snowfall (in inches) for the years from
20052009.
Year
Snowfall
Amount
2005 32
2006 38
2007 43
2008 44
2009 48
Which linear equation is the best estimate
for the regression line for the data, where
x 5 5 represents 2005?
F y 5 23.8x 1 14
G y 5 3.8x 1 14
H y 5 6x 1 3
J y 5 5x 1 30
25 Why might this graph be misleading?

N
u
m
b
e
r

s
o
l
d

(
t
h
o
u
s
n
d
s
)
0
1200
800
Year
Shoe Sales
1
9
9
0
1
9
9
4
1
9
9
8
2
0
0
2
2
0
0
6
A The years on the horizontal axis do
not cover enough of a time span.
B The shoe sales are increasing recently,
so the graph will continue to rise.
C The large increments on the vertical
axis compress the graph and make it
appear that there was little change.
D Changes in data over time should not
be displayed in a line graph.
26 Find all the solutions of the equation
(2x 2 1)
2
1 11 5 4.
F 23
G 6
}
6
}
2
i
H
1
}
2
6
}
7
}
2
i
J 2
1
}
2
6
}
7
}
2
i
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31 The times for the 8 girls in the nal of the
100-meter hurdle race at a track meet are
listed below according to the lane the girls
ran in. Is the mean a good representation
of the times? Why or why not?
Lane #1 16.33 sec
Lane #2 16.38 sec
Lane #3 15.88 sec
Lane #4 15.59 sec
Lane #5 21.45 sec
Lane #6 16.47 sec
Lane #7 16.72 sec
Lane #8 16.74 sec
A Yes, it represents the data well.
B No, it is too high to represent the data.
C No, it is too low to represent the data.
D No, it is the same as one data point.
32 What is |22 1 i|?
F
}
5
G 3
H 2 1 i
J 4 1 i
29 What is the product of 4 2 5i and
21 1 2i?
A 214 1 13i
B 24 1 3i
C 6 1 13i
D 6
30 Write a formula for the nth term of the
geometric sequence below.
1, 3, 9, 27, 81, . . .
F a
n
5
1

1
}
3

2

n21

G a
n
5 2
n
H a
n
5 3
n21
J a
n
5 3
n

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35 Which statement best describes the
relationship between the distance people
live from work and the time it takes for
them to get there?
50
40
30
20
10
45
35
25
15
5
5
Distance (mi)
T
i
m
e

(
m
i
n
)
Distance From Work
10 15 20 25
A There is no correlation.
B There is a strong positive
correlation.
C There is a strong negative
correlation.
D There is a weak negative correlation.
36 If f (x) 5
1
}
x 1 1
and g(x) 5
|x 2 1|
}
x
, what is
( f 2 g)(2)?
F 2
1
}
6

G 2
1
}
2

H
5
}
6

J 0
33 Lisa checked the outside temperature
every hour over a ten-hour period. Below
is a graph of her data. She wants to nd
an equation to t the data. Which type of
model is most reasonable?

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
8
F
)
0
0
Hour
A linear C exponential
B quadratic D logarithmic
f (x) 5
x
2
2 4
}
2x
2
2 5x 1 2
?
F
5
x
)
x
1
}
2
, 2

6

G {x | x 22, 2}
H
5
x
)
x
1
}
2

6

J {x | x is a real number}
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38 For which value of a is the statement
2a # a false?
F 5
G
2
}
3

H 0
J 2
1
}
2

39 What is the sum of 7x
3
1 6x
2
25x 2 5
and 26x
3
2 8x
2
1 10x 2 7?
A x
3
1 2x
2
1 5x 1 12
B x
3
2 2x
2
1 5x 2 12
C 2x
3
2 2x
2
1 5x 2 12
D x
3
2 2x
2
2 5x 1 12
37 The graph of y 5 2x
2
1 3 is shown.
Which parabola in this gure could be the
graph of y 5 2x
2
1 6?
x
y
y 5 2x
2
1 3
a
b
c
d
A a
B b
C c
D d

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41 A researcher writes four different
models for a scatter plot. The correlation
coefcient for each model is listed below.
Which correlation coefcient indicates
the best t?
A r 5 20.75
B r 5 20.07
C r 5 0.15
D r 5 0.83
40 Mr. Jansen is coaching baseball. He hits a
pop y to the second baseman. The ball is
hit and caught four feet above the ground.
The path of the ball is part of a parabola
as shown.
H
e
i
g
h
t

(
f
t
)
0
10 20 30 45 5 0 15 25 35 40
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Distance (ft)
x
y
What is the maximum height the ball
reaches?
F 25 ft
G 40
1
}
2
ft
H 43 ft
J 50 ft
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43 Which linear equation is the best estimate
of the line of best t for the data in the
table?
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 16 21 28 36 43 49
A y 5 5x 1 16
B y 5 6.8x 1 15
C y 5 26x 1 15
D y 5 7x 1 16
44 The base of a triangle is 4 centimeters
more than 3 times the height. The area is
66 square centimeters. Austin wrote the
equation
3
}
2
h
2
1 2h 2 66 5 0, where h
represents the height of the triangle. He
then entered y 5
3
}
2
x
2
1 2x 2 66 into his
graphing calculator and looked at the
table shown. What is the height of the
triangle?
x y
5 218.5
6 0
7 21.5
8 46
F 5 cm H 7 cm
G 6 cm J 8 cm
42 Which equation represents the ellipse in
the graph below?
y
x
5 0
2.5 (0, 2)
(0, 2) 2.5
5
F
y
2
}
4
2
x
2
}
8
5 1
G
x
2
}
4
1
y
2
}
8
5 1
H
y
2
}
4
1
x
2
}
8
5 1
J
x
2
}
4
2
y
2
}
8
5 1

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47 Mr. Anderson, Ms. Barth, and
Ms. Cole each teach an Algebra
class. Mr. Andersons class has six
more students than Ms. Coles class.
Ms. Barths class has two fewer students
than Mr. Andersons class. There are a
total of 64 students in the three classes
combined. Which system models the
problem?

A
5

a 5 c 1 6

b 5 a 1 2

a 1 b 1 c 5 64

B
5

a 5 c 2 6

b 5 a 2 2

a 1 b 1 c 5 64

C
5

a 5 c 1 6

b 5 2 2 a

a 1 b 1 c 5 64

D
5

a 5 c 1 6

b 5 a 2 2

a 1 b 1 c 5 64

8x
2
2 2x 2 3 5 0?
A
3
}
4
,
2

1
}
2

B
1
}
2
, 2
3
}
4

C
3
}
8
, 21
D 3, 21
46 A candidate poll is to be conducted
during an election for state governor.
Which sampling method would result in
the least biased poll?
F calling 1000 randomly selected
registered Democrats statewide
G calling 1000 randomly selected
registered voters in the largest city in
the state
H calling 1000 randomly selected
registered Republicans statewide
J calling 1000 randomly selected
registered voters statewide
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50 Solve
}
5x 2 8 5
}
x
2
2 x .
F {2, 4}
G {22, 4}
H {2}
J {4}
48 Corina earns different amounts as a
hostess and a server. Last week she
earned $189.50 for 10 hours as a hostess
and 18 hours as a server. This week she
earned $167.25 for 15 hours as a hostess
and 9 hours as a server. How much per
hour does Corina earn as a server?
F $5.58
G $6.50
H $11.15
J $13.00
49 Given the equation
}
a
2
b
4
5
3

}
a
3
b
6
is
true for all real values of a greater than
or equal to 0, which statement is valid for
real values of b?
A b $ 0
B b 5 0
C b # 0
D b is any real number.

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52 Which graph represents the equation

x
2
}
4
2
y
2
}
9
5 1?
F
2
2
2
4
6
8
4
6
8
4 6 8 4 6 8
y
x
G
2
4
6
8
4
6
8
4 6 8 4 6 8
y
x
H
2
4
2
6
8
4
6
8
4 2 6 8 2 6 8
y
x
J
2
4
2
6
8
4
6
8
2 6 8 6 8
y
x
51 The height of a rectangular prism is
(x 1 5) cm and the area of the base is
(3x
2
2 2x 1 1) cm
2
. Which expression
represents the volume of the rectangular
prism?
A 3x
3
1 13x
2
2 10x 1 5
B 3x
3
1 13x
2
2 10x 1 6
C 3x
3
1 6x
2
2 6x 1 6
D 3x
3
1 13x
2
2 9x 1 5
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55 Approximately what percent of the area
under a standard normal curve is within
two standard deviations of the mean?
A 68%
B 95%
C 99%
D 86%
x
y
22
21
1
2
22p 2p p 2p
O
F cosecant
G cosine
H cotangent
J tangent
f (x) 5 (5 2 x)
3
?
A g(x) 5 5 2
3

}
x
B g(x) 5
3

}
5 2 x
C g(x) 5
3

}
5 2 x
D g(x) 5 5 1
3

}
x
54 Find
o

n51

15

(3n 2 8).
F 32
G 37
H 240
J 277

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59 Multiply
x(x
2
1 x)
}
x
2
2 2x 2 3
?
x
2
2 x 2 6
}
x
2
1 2x
.
A x C
x
}
x 2 3

B x
3
D
x
3
}
(x 2 3)
2

60 Simplify: (6 1 3i) 2 (4 2 2i).
F 10 1 i
G 10 1 5i
H 2 1 5i
J 2 1 i
57 Which is a simplied form of
1 2 x
2
}
(x 2 1)
23
?
A 2(x 2 1)
4
(1 1 x)
B (1 2 x
2
)(x 2 1)
3
C 2(1 2 x)
4
D 2(1 1 x
2
)(x 2 1)
3
58 Which of the following pairs of functions
are not inverses? Assume x $ 0.
F f (x) 5 x
3
1 2 and g(x) 5
3

}
x 2 1
G f (x) 5
1

1
}
2
x 1 2
2

2
and g(x) 5 2
}
x 2 4
H f (x) 5 2
}
x and g(x) 5
1
}
4
x
2
J f (x) 5 (x 1 1)
2
and g(x) 5
}
x 2 1
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62 Bacteria in a culture are reproducing
exponentially with time, as shown in the
table below.
Bacteria Growth
Hour Bacteria
0 50
1 100
2 200
Which of the following equations
expresses the number of bacteria, y,
present at any time, t?
F y 5 50 1 2
t
G y 5 50 ? 2
t
H y 5 2
t
J y 5 100 ? 2
t
61 The box plots show the commuting
times (in minutes) for employees
from two downtown companies. Twenty-
ve employees from each ofce were
surveyed.
5 23 38 45 55
Company A
Company B
17 30 42 50 60
B
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Which statement is not true?
A More employees from Company B
than from Company A commute
over 30 minutes.
B The median commuting time for
Company A is less than the median
commuting time for Company B.
C The range of commuting times is
greater for Company B than for
Company A.
D There are at least 12 employees from
Company A whose commuting time
is less than or equal to 38 minutes.

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65 Which graph best represents the solution
of the system of inequalities?
y . 2
1
}
2
x 1 2
y # 2x 2 6
A
y
x
2
2
B
y
x
2
2
C
y
x
2
2
D
y
x
2
2
63 A model rocket is launched so that
the height above the ground, in feet, after
t seconds is given by the function
y 5 26.4t
2
1 96t. What is the maximum
height reached by the rocket?
A 360 ft
B 358.4 ft
C 350 ft
D 96 ft
64 Which is the difference between

5x 1 2
}
x
2
1 4x 1 3
and
4x 2 1
}
x 1 3
?
F
5
}
4

G
(x 1 4)
2
}
(x 2 3)
2

H
24x
2
1 8x 1 1
}}
(x 1 3)(x 1 1)

J
24x
2
1 2x 1 3
}}
(x 1 3)(x 1 1)

Name

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117
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Post Test Fill in the correct answer.

Tenn Algebra 2 EOC Practice Workbook

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Tenn Algebra 2 EOC Practice Workbook

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TENNESSEE

EOC Test Preparation Workbook

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

Pre Test (continued)

5 Which function gives the distance from

SPI 3103.1.2 (continued)

SPI 3103.1.3 (continued)

6 Which of the following statements is true

6 Which point on the complex plane below

SPI 3103.2.2 (continued)

SPI 3103.2.3 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.1 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.1 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.2 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.2 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.3 (continued)

in sigma notation and nd the sum to n terms.

6 Which summation formula correctly

SPI 3103.3.5 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.8 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.9 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.10 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.11 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.12 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.13 (continued)

SPI 3103.3.14 (continued)

SPI 3103.4.1 (continued)

Cotangent y 5 a cot bx all real numbers

3 Which type of trigonometric function is

SPI 3103.3.5.1 (continued)

SPI 3103.5.2 (continued)

1 The data in the graph show the height

4 A telemarketer calls every hundredth

1 The scatter plot shows the number of

SPI 3103.5.7 (continued)

3 Lane has a marble collection that he

Post Test (continued)

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