EXPERIMENT 5: TITLE: OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES 1.

0 ABSTRACT/THEORY

1.1 Ojectives 1. To obtain data for red and green LEDs. 2. To display numbers with a seven-segment indicator. 3. To transfer a signal through an optocoupler.

1.2

LIST OF COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS

Two power supplies: One at 15V, another adjustable from at least 1 to 15V 1. 2. 3. 4. Digital multimeter, VOM Resistor: two 270 Ohm 1-W Diode: 1N914 (or equivalent small signal diode) Red LED: TIL221 (other choices: Litronix RL-2000 or any red LED that can handle up to 50 mA) 5. Green LED: TIL221 (other choices: Litronix RL-2000 or any red LED that can handle up to 50 mA) 6. Seven segment display: TIL312 (or nearest equivalent) 7. Optocoupler : 4N26 (or nearest equivalent)

1.3

THEORY

Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices that source, detect and control light. Optoelectronics is based on the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronic materials especially semiconductors, sometimes in the presence of electric fields. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LED are used as indicator lamps in many devices. When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive lighting, advertising, general lighting, and traffic signals. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial products. The seven segments are arranged as a rectangle of two vertical segments on the top, middle, and bottom. The seventh segment bisects the rectangle horizontally. Each of the numbers 0, 6, 7 and 9 may represented by two or more different glyphs on seven segment displays. There are also fourteen-segment displays and sixteen-segment displays (for full alphanumerics). However,

these have mostly been replaced by dot-matrix displays. Seven segment displays may use a liquid crystal display (LCD), arrays of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or other light-generating or controlling techniques.

2.0

RESULT

PART A : Data for Red LED Table 2.1: LED data I, mA 10 20 30 40 Vred, V 1.581 1.614 1.640 1.652 Vgreen, V 1.901 1.978 2.081 2.168

Table 2.1 shows the result of voltage LED of green and red LED.

PART B : Using Seven Segment Display (Commom Anode -G) Table 2.2 : seven Segment Indicator Display 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Table 2.2 shows the result of pin grounded with its display. PART C : The Transfer Graph of An Optocoupler Table 2.3 : Optocoupler Vs (V) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Vout (V) 14.26 12.05 9.95 8.39 7.73 7.35 7.10 Pins Grounded 4&6 1,2,6,7,10 2,4,6,10,7 4,6,9,10 2,4,7,9,10 1,2,4,7,9,10 4,6,7 1,2,4,6,7,9,10 2,4,6,7,9,10 1,2,4,6,7,9

Table 2.3 shows the result of optocoupler which consists of output voltage.

3.0

DISCUSSION

This experiment was done according to their part. Part A is data for red LED, part B is seven segment display and part C is the transfer graph of an optocoupler. All the experiments were done experimentally in laboratory. The experiments were constructed by using LED, seven segment display and optocoupler for each of the part of experiment. In the experiment of part A, the red LED was used to connect in the circuit. The VOM is connected as an ammeter that measures through the LED. The electronic voltmeter measures the voltage across the LED. The diode 1N914 also used in order to protect the LED against accidentally applying a reverse voltage. The source voltage was adjusted to get 10 mA through the LED. The corresponding LED was recorded in the result table. The experiment was continued with the green LED and the result was recorded. It is shown that when the current increased, the voltage also increased. In the experiment part B, the seven segment display was used in this experiment. The pin 3 was connected to the 5 volt voltage supply. 100 resistor was used in order to avoid damage to the IC. The pin grounded was observed to get display of 0. The results were recorded in the table. The result shows that the pin grounded to display 0 are 1,2,4,6,7 and 9. For the experiment of part C, an optocoupler was used. The circuit was connected and the source voltage was adjusted to 2V. The experiment was continued with another source voltage. The results were recorded in the table 2.3. It was shown that when the source voltages are increased, the output voltages are decreased. The transfer graph Vout versus Vs of the optocoupler was drawn from data in the table 2.3. The transfer graph was shown below

the transfer graph Vs versus Vout

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Vout

4.0

CONCLUSION

For the conclusion, the application of LED, seven segment indicator and an optocoupler can be understood. The voltage across the red LED and green LED can be determined by adjusting the source voltage. With the seven segment indicator, it can be used to display numbers. The pins were grounded and their display will be appear. A signal also can be transfer through an optocoupler. So the objectives for this experiment are achieved.

5.0

REFERENCES

1. Experiment 1(AND & OR gates) of Electronics laboratory 2 Manual, edited by Mr.Aswad, Faculty of engineering and Technology, insaniah university college 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectronics 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment_display