Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Running
python ipython ipython --pylab python le.py python -i le.py standard python shell. improved interactive shell. ipython including pylab run le.py run le.py, stay in interactive mode
Statistics
sum(l,d) or a.sum(d) mean(l,d) or a.mean(d) std(l,d) or a.std(d) min(l,d) or a.min(d) max(l,d) or a.max(d) sum elements along d mean along d standard deviation along d minima along d maxima along d
General Math
f: oat, c: complex: abs(c) sign(c) fix(f) floor(f) ceil(f) f.round(p) angle(c) sin(c) arcsin(c) cos, tan,... absolute value of f or c get sign of f or c round towards 0 round towards inf round towards + inf round f to p places angle of complex number sinus of argument arcsin of argument analogous
Misc functions
loadtxt(le ) polyval(coeff,xvals) roots(coeff) map(func ,list ) read values from le evaluate polynomial at xvals nd roots of polynomial apply func on each element of list
Getting Help
help() help(object ) object ? object ?? %magic import math import math as m from math import pi from math import * interactive Help help for object ipython: help for object ipython: extended help for object ipython: help on magic commands use: use: use: use: math.pi m.pi pi pi (use sparingly)
Plotting
Plot Types
plot(xvals, yvals, g+) errorbar() semilogx(), semilogx() loglog() polar(phi_vals, rvals) hist(vals, n_bins) bar(low_edge, vals, width) contour(xvals,yvals,zvals) mark 3 points with green + like plot with error bars like plot, semi-log axis double logarithmic plot plot in polar coordinates create histogram from values create bar-plot create contour-plot
Types
i = 1 f = 1. c = 1+2j True/False abc "abc" Integer Float Complex Boolean String String
with this: c.real c.imag c.conjugate() comparison = assign == equal != unequal < less <= less-equal >= greater-equal > greater
Operators
mathematics + addition subtraction * multiplication i/i int division i/f oat division ** power % modulo
Element Access
l[row][col] l[min:max] a[row,col] or a[row][col] a[min:max,min:max] a[list ] a[np.where(cond )] list: basic access list: range access [min,max) array: basic access array: range access [min,max) array: select indices in list array: select where cond true subplot(2,1,1) plot() errorbar() semilogx, ... polar() axis() grid() title() xlabel() legend() colorbar()
List/Array Properties
len(l) a.size a.ndim a.shape ravel(l) or a.ravel() a.flat size of rst dim total number of entries number of dimensions size along dimensions convert to 1-dim iterate all entries
Basic Syntax
raw_input(foo ) class Foo (Object): ... def bar (args): ... if c : ... elif c : ... else: try: ... except Error : ... while cond : ... for item in list : ... [item for item in list ] read string from command-line class denition function/method denition branching exception handling while loop for loop for loop, list notation static code checker parse docstring to man-page run examples in docstring run in debugger
Plotting 3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D ax = fig.add_subplot(...,projection=3d) or ax = Axes3D(fig) create 3d-axes object ax.plot(xvals, yvals, zvals) normal plot in 3d ax.plot_wireframe wire mesh ax.plot_surface colored surface
License: CC-by-sa Copyright: January 20, 2014, Nicola Chiapolini http://www.physik.uzh.ch/nchiapol
Matrix Operations
a: array, M: matrix: a*a dot(a,a) or M*M cross(a,a) inv(a) or M.I transpose(a) or M.T det(a) element-wise product dot product cross product inverted matrix transposed matrix calculate determinate
Useful tools
pylint le.py pydoc le python -m doctest le.py python -m pdb le.py