tiempo (min)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55

Temp. Retorta
50.1554051
51.8453787
53.5431219
55.2136902
56.8686316
58.5744142
61.0835361
63.91741
66.8516144
70.0659623
73.5785638
77.2784523
81.2288236
85.1392461
88.8989284
92.4521039
95.822129
99.0489647
102.1761
105.226743
108.142035
110.868941
113.432009
115.849834
117.112784
118.263789
119.398015
120.100079
120.667111
121.359171
121.775809
121.674587
121.859415
121.55166
121.735239
121.646107
121.596975
121.806143
121.934479
121.725082
121.416738
121.084389
121.063377
121.600248
121.928737
121.90668
121.326706
121.459949
121.387929
121.217978
121.279955
121.700611
121.813713
121.202032
121.429411

Temp. 1/3 base

30.1554051
31.8453787
33.5431219
35.2136902
36.8686316
38.5744142
41.0835361
43.91741
46.8516144
50.0659623
53.5785638
57.2784523
61.2288236
65.1392461
68.8989284
72.4521039
75.822129
79.0489647
82.1761004
85.2267434
88.1420346
90.8689408
93.432009
95.8646727
98.1583818
100.28555
102.019806
103.500984
104.844042
106.940224
108.317467
109.249298
109.946712
110.503287
110.969594
111.370908
111.72588
112.044472
112.402642
113.001167
113.77231
114.794027
115.702524
115.541361
115.15734
115.150553
115.401885
115.371311
115.330464
115.46918
115.388847
115.262229
115.36564
115.391457
115.415477

Log(Tr-T1/3)
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30103
1.30070765
1.27771009
1.25474716
1.24000504
1.22008441
1.19929073
1.15893353
1.12899158
1.09430649
1.07601031
1.04329832
1.03204008
1.01179022
0.99436534
0.98952415
0.97917659
0.94071141
0.883345
0.79867568
0.7292339
0.78239281
0.83067827
0.8296978
0.77267523
0.78452017
0.78229093
0.75957711
0.77019695
0.80877674
0.80942989
0.76421909
0.77915873

56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111

121.44323
121.779762
121.276111
121.622628
121.170783
121.384493
121.288122
121.717405
121.218461
121.507478
121.702302
121.639179
121.527813
121.357314
121.269248
121.167206
121.238894
121.533941
121.805084
121.838787
121.491532
121.144044
121.277147
121.367514
121.441192
121.508519
121.736923
121.89791
121.950034
121.853012
121.552819
121.341639
120.784354
119.210792
117.153912
113.906542
110.32237
106.468746
96.1468369
84.8977545
73.8402028
62.4374457
54.5925362
48.9629189
43.3935214
37.7531872
32.3721921
27.235183
22.5631678
18.6407315
17.6527314
17.64857
17.645545
17.642495
17.63947
17.63647

115.391543
115.43046
114.638347
114.510701
114.97945
115.320021
114.783137
114.380301
114.708254
114.968223
115.04718
115.372459
115.32248
115.291592
115.234386
114.941701
114.350644
114.574885
114.966851
114.85657
114.562823
114.909284
114.950794
115.153217
114.772267
114.579588
114.940044
114.956103
115.263537
115.398544
115.27662
115.285731
115.085561
114.55273
114.103166
115.148638
115.41734
115.279611
115.304878
115.15142
114.900123
112.116532
108.547839
104.895887
101.043001
96.389447
90.5314724
84.3529004
78.1175869
71.8751669
68.7056862
66.5466727
64.309054
61.8730302
59.4733333
57.0620379

0.78187645
0.802726
0.82202183
0.85198729
0.79178421
0.78279297
0.81324628
0.86552467
0.81359482
0.81552826
0.82315605
0.79704031
0.79276509
0.78288248
0.78066733
0.79417458
0.83810892
0.84255034
0.8349439
0.84399331
0.84065227
0.79481968
0.80115343
0.79339199
0.82405582
0.84066621
0.83230958
0.84147253
0.82519865
0.80986049
0.7976967
0.78217933
0.75578291
0.6682053
0.48440596 Log(T1/3-Tr)
#NUM!
0.09415509
#NUM!
0.70714166
#NUM!
0.94501858
#NUM!
1.28235111
#NUM!
1.480778
#NUM!
1.61341811
#NUM!
1.6961736
#NUM!
1.73203413
#NUM!
1.74766787
#NUM!
1.76079539
#NUM!
1.76816626
#NUM!
1.76461902
#NUM!
1.75677084
#NUM!
1.74471861
#NUM!
1.72619265
#NUM!
1.70802088
#NUM!
1.68929201
#NUM!
1.66897739
#NUM!
1.64572219
#NUM!
1.62152797
#NUM!
1.59577796

112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

17.63347
17.63047
17.627445
17.624395
17.6271401
17.5329845
17.4414435
17.3347434

54.9285629
52.9350072
50.6611147
48.0721238
45.9402267
44.2708457
42.9793958
42.0274

datos experimentales de la curva de enfriamiento de frijol canario

tiempo (min) Temp. RetortaTemp. 1/3 base
Log(T1/3-Tr)
0
121.774
120.717
#NUM!
1
120.141
120.792 -0.18641901
1.33
117.018
120.792
0.5768019
1.66
112.889
120.777
0.8969669
2
100.492
120.346 1.29784802
2.33
96.961
119.482 1.35258767
2.66
59.965
118.067 1.76419108
3
50.14
113.075 1.79889224
3.33
42.847
107.529 1.81078344
3.66
37.673
102.958 1.81481341
4
37.788
98.71 1.78477415
4.33
36.431
94.602 1.76470653
4.66
29.784
89.668
1.7773108
5
27.745
83.419 1.74565243
5.33
27.647
79.005
1.7106081
5.66
27.571
75.27 1.67850927
6
27.701
72.111 1.64748077
6.33
27.993
68.829
1.6110432
6.66
28.25
65.771
1.5742744
7
28.464
62.829 1.53611635

#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!

1.57165169
1.54783052
1.51895682
1.4835549
1.45198722
1.42712666
1.40718607
1.39256782

letalidad

7.33
7.66
8
8.33
8.66
9
9.33
9.66
10
10.33
10.66
11
11.33
11.66
12
12.33
12.66
13
13.33
13.66
14
14.33

28.591
28.718
28.803
28.929
29.055
29.118
29.139
29.055
28.971
29.055
29.139
29.223
29.181
29.223
29.265
29.223
29.234
29.338
29.223
29.234
29.265
29.38

60.735
59.308
57.777
56.366
54.903
54.308
53.34
52.372
51.442
50.58
49.876
49.297
48.57
47.715
46.915
46.217
45.314
45.229
44.477
44.07
41.928
33.834

1.50709992
1.48557948
1.46200846
1.43833662
1.41242695
1.40122817
1.38383331
1.36767267
1.3516224
1.33294316
1.31674593
1.30263392
1.28755541
1.26698388
1.24674471
1.23029561
1.20628604
1.20115123
1.18338374
1.17131682
1.10253661
0.64875021

Perfiles de temperatura del proceso term

140
120

100

Temperatura

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0005
0.0010
0.0020
0.0037
0.0067
0.0117
0.0200
0.0324
0.0498
0.0735
0.1118
0.1645
0.2298
0.3065
0.3937
0.4907
0.5971
0.7126
0.8369
0.9719
1.1268
1.3119
1.5460
1.8345
2.1126
2.3671
2.6212
2.8905
3.1579
3.4228
3.6963
3.9647
4.2255
4.4925
4.7611
5.0312

80

60
40
20

0
0

20

Curva de Calentamiento
1.4
1.3

1.2
log(Tr-T)

Letalidad
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0003
0.0005
0.0009
0.0017
0.0030
0.0051
0.0083
0.0124
0.0174
0.0237
0.0384
0.0527
0.0653
0.0767
0.0872
0.0970
0.1064
0.1155
0.1243
0.1350
0.1549
0.1850
0.2341
0.2886
0.2781
0.2545
0.2541
0.2693
0.2674
0.2649
0.2735
0.2685
0.2607
0.2670
0.2686
0.2701

1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
20

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE CALENT

el punto mas frio de un envase-producto es a

de la funcion fh
a) datos iniciales:
temperatura de retorta

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

0.2686
0.2710
0.2259
0.2193
0.2443
0.2642
0.2335
0.2128
0.2295
0.2437
0.2482
0.2675
0.2644
0.2625
0.2591
0.2422
0.2114
0.2226
0.2436
0.2375
0.2220
0.2404
0.2427
0.2543
0.2329
0.2228
0.2421
0.2430
0.2608
0.2691
0.2616
0.2622
0.2504
0.2214
0.1997
0.2540
0.2702
0.2618
0.2633
0.2542
0.2399
0.1264
0.0556
0.0240
0.0099
0.0034
0.0009
0.0002
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

5.2999
5.5709
5.7968
6.0161 F=6
6.2604
6.5246
6.7582
6.9710
7.2005
7.4442
7.6923
7.9598
8.2242
8.4867
8.7458
8.9880
9.1994
9.4219
9.6656
9.9030
10.1250
10.3654
10.6081
10.8624
11.0953
11.3182
11.5603
11.8033
12.0641
12.3332
12.5948
12.8569
13.1073
13.3287
13.5284
13.7824
14.0527
14.3144
14.5778
14.8320
15.0718
15.1982
15.2538
15.2777
15.2876
15.2910
15.2919
15.2921
15.2921
15.2921
15.2921
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922

b) calcular funcion fh

c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de calen

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento

Parametros de penetracion de calor para e

Parametros de calentamiento
fh =
Jh =
Tih =
Tpih =
Tr =
L = CUT =
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx

fh seria exactamente igual a fc en el caso de

si hay una variacion entre los 2 mayor al 20%
si existe conveccion pura Jc seria igual a 1 y

22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922

Perfiles de temperatura del proceso termico del Cuy en salsa de mani

enlatado
Temp. Retorta

Temp. 1/3 base

1.8
1.6

1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6

0.4
0.2
0
0
20

40

60 tiempo 80

100

120

140

Curva de Enfriamiento "Valor de fc

1.9
1.8

Curva de Calentamiento "Valor de fh"

y = -0.0257x + 1.9279
R = 0.9625

Log(T1/3-Tr)

1.7

1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3

1.2
1.1
Log(Tr-T1/3)
25

30

Linear
(Log(Tr-T1/3))
40
45

35
tiempo (min)

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE CALENTAMIENTO

fh 1/3 lata

38.9105058

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE ENFRIAM

a) datos iniciales:
temperatura del agua de enfriamiento

el punto mas frio de un envase-producto es aquel que presenta el mayor valor

de la funcion fh
b) calcular funcion fc
a) datos iniciales:
temperatura de retorta

Tr =

121.1 C

Tih =
CUT =

30.155 C
20 min.

b) calcular funcion fh

c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de enfri

log(Tr-Ti) = - t/fh + log(Tr-Tpih)
log(Tr-Ti) = - 0.0257.t+1.9279

ecuacion (a)

fh =
38.9105 minutos
c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de calentamiento (Tpih)
calcular log(Tr-Ti)
para un tiempo t= 0
log(Tr-Ti) =
1.9279
para el nuevo eje cero corregido t= 0.58xCUT
la ecuacion (a) queda
log(Tr-Tpih) = t/fh + log(Tr-Ti)
log(Tr-Tpih) = 0.0267.t+2.229
log(Tr-Tpih) = 0.0267x(0.58x34)+2.229
log(121.1-Tpih)=
2.2260
Tpih=

-47.1752 C

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento (Jh)

Jh = (Tr-Tpih)/(Tr-Tih)
Jh = (121.1-50.31)/(121.1-76.03)
Jh =
1.8503

Parametros de penetracion de calor para enlatado de frijol canario

Parametros de calentamiento
38.9105 min.
1.8503
30.155 C
-47.1752 C
121.1 C
20 min.

Parametros de enfriamiento
Fc =
44.0529 min.
Jc =
1.1974
Tic =
115.15 C
Tpic =
123.7 C
Tw =
17 C

fh seria exactamente igual a fc en el caso de existir una conveccion o conduccion pura

si hay una variacion entre los 2 mayor al 20% debe emplearse el metodo general para evaluar el TT
si existe conveccion pura Jc seria igual a 1 y si es conduccion pura seria igual a 2

0.6529
65.29
35.2862

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento

TIEMPO DE PROCESO TERMICO

tiempo de proceso termico con medio de cale

(a) metodo de patashnik
datos iniciales:

Microorganismo de referencia: Clostridium Bo

Termorresistencia del microorganismo:
Temperatura de retorta:
Temperatura de referencia:
Tiempo de proceso termico requerido a 121
F = Fo = 10minutos.
Log(T1/3-Tr)

calcular velocidades letales Li

10

20

30

40

50

calcular Fta acumulado:

Curva de Enfriamiento "Valor de fc"

y = -0.0227x + 2.0589
R = 0.9828

tiempo de proceso termico (ttp)

de la columna J se determina que para un F d

de 26 minutos

tiempo de proceso requerido para alcanzar la

proceso termcio (tp)
Log(T1/3-Tr)

de la columna J de establece que:

Linear (Log(T1/3Tr))

(b) metodo matematico de Stumbo

10

20

30

40

datos iniciales:

tiempo (min.)

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE ENFRIAMIENTO

a) datos iniciales:
temperatura del agua de enfriamiento

Tw =
Tg = Tic =

17 C
115.15 C

b) calcular funcion fc
log(Ti-Tw) = - t/fh + log(Tpic-Tw)
log(Tr-Ti) = - 0.0227.t+2.0589

ecuacion (b)
ecuacion (c)

Parametros de calentamiento
fh =
Jh =
Tih =
Tpih =
Tr =
L = CUT =
microorganismo de referencia: clostridium
Fo = Fs = Fc =10
calcular la funcion Ih:

fh =
44.0529 minutos
c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de enfriamiento (Tpih)
de la ecuacion (b) y (c), se obtiene:
log(Tpic-Tw) =t/fh + log(Ti-Tw)
log(Tpic-Tw) =0.0647.t+2.0158
para un tiempo t=0, la ecuacion (d), queda:
log(Tpic-20) =
Tpic=

calcular Fr
ecuacion (d)
Calcular Uc

2.0589
134.5249 C

calcular relacion fh/Uc

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento (Jch)

Hallar gc en tablas de Stumbo
Jc = (Tpic-Tw)/(Tg-Tw)
Jc = (123.7-20)/(119.5-20)
Jc =
1.1974

ingresar en las tablas con los valores siguien

z=
Jc =
fh/Uc =
por interpolacion: gc=
calcular tiempo de proceso Ball (B)

calcular tiempo de proceso de operador (Pt)

calcular el tiempo de proceso termico (ttp)

TIEMPO DE PROCESO TERMICO

tiempo de proceso termico con medio de calentamiento a Tr = 121.1C
(a) metodo de patashnik
datos iniciales:
Microorganismo de referencia: Clostridium Botulinum
Termorresistencia del microorganismo:
z = 10
Temperatura de retorta:
Tr = 121.1 C
Temperatura de referencia: To = 121.1 C
Tiempo de proceso termico requerido a 121 C
F = Fo = 10minutos.
calcular velocidades letales Li
Li = F/t = 1/(10exp((121.1-T)/z))
los calculos de la letalidad para cada temperatura figuran
en la columna I.
calcular Fta acumulado:
Fta = t(F/t)

de Tf aTi

Fta = 6 min
tiempo de proceso termico (ttp)
de la columna J se determina que para un F de 10 min hay un ttp
de 26 minutos
tiempo de proceso requerido para alcanzar la letalidad requerida del
proceso termcio (tp)
de la columna J de establece que:
tp = 26-4
tp = 22 min.

(b) metodo matematico de Stumbo

datos iniciales:
Parametros de calentamiento
Parametros de enfriamiento
38.9105 min.
Fc =
44.0529 min.
1.8503
Jc =
1.1974
30.155 C
Tic =
115.15 C
-47.1752 C
Tpic =
134.5249 C
121.1 C
Tw =
17 C
20 min.
microorganismo de referencia: clostridium botulinum
10 z =
10
calcular la funcion Ih:

Ih = Tr - Tih
Ih =

90.945

Fi = log-1((121.1-Tr)/z)
Fi =

Uc = Fc.Fi
Uc =
calcular relacion fh/Uc
fh/Uc =
fh/Uc =

1 min.

10 min

38.91/10
3.89105058

Hallar gc en tablas de Stumbo

ingresar en las tablas con los valores siguientes:
10 C
1.1974
3.89105058
por interpolacion: gc=

18 F

2.1068 ojo

4.437

calcular tiempo de proceso Ball (B)

B = fch(log(Jch.Ih)-log(gc))
B = 15.63*(log((1.57)(55.07))-log(0.66))
B=
61.4369872 min
B=
74.0232175 min
calcular tiempo de proceso de operador (Pt)
tp =
tp =

B - 0.42.L
53.0369872 min.

calcular el tiempo de proceso termico (ttp)

ttp = tp + L
ttp =

73.0369872 min.

mal

tiempo (min) Temp. Retorta

1 50.1554051
2 51.8453787
3 53.5431219
4 55.2136902
5 56.8686316
6 58.5744142
7 61.0835361
8
63.91741
9 66.8516144
10 70.0659623
11 73.5785638
12 77.2784523
13 81.2288236
14 85.1392461
15 88.8989284
16 92.4521039
17
95.822129
18 99.0489647
19
102.1761
20 105.226743
21 108.142035
22 110.868941
23 113.432009
24 115.849834
25 117.112784
26 118.263789
27 119.398015
28 120.100079
29 120.667111
30 121.359171
31 121.775809
32 121.674587
33 121.859415
34
121.55166
35 121.735239
36 121.646107
37 121.596975
38 121.806143
39 121.934479
40 121.725082
41 121.416738
42 121.084389
43 121.063377
44 121.600248
45 121.928737
46
121.90668
47 121.326706
48 121.459949
49 121.387929
50 121.217978
51 121.279955

Temp. 1/3 base

30.1649051
31.8548787
33.5526219
35.2231902
36.8781316
38.5839142
41.0930361
43.92691
46.8611144
50.0754623
53.5880638
57.2879523
61.2383236
65.1487461
68.9084284
72.4616039
75.831629
79.0584647
82.1856004
85.2362434
88.1515346
90.8784408
93.441509
95.8646727
98.1583818
100.28555
102.019806
103.500984
104.844042
106.940224
108.317467
109.249298
109.946712
110.503287
110.969594
111.370908
111.72588
112.044472
112.402642
113.001167
113.77231
114.794027
115.702524
115.541361
115.15734
115.150553
115.401885
115.371311
115.330464
115.46918
115.388847

Log(Tr-T1/3)
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30082366
1.30070765
1.27771009
1.25474716
1.24000504
1.22008441
1.19929073
1.15893353
1.12899158
1.09430649
1.07601031
1.04329832
1.03204008
1.01179022
0.99436534
0.98952415
0.97917659
0.94071141
0.883345
0.79867568
0.7292339
0.78239281
0.83067827
0.8296978
0.77267523
0.78452017
0.78229093
0.75957711
0.77019695

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103

121.700611
121.813713
121.202032
121.429411
121.44323
121.779762
121.276111
121.622628
121.170783
121.384493
121.288122
121.717405
121.218461
121.507478
121.702302
121.639179
121.527813
121.357314
121.269248
121.167206
121.238894
121.533941
121.805084
121.838787
121.491532
121.144044
121.277147
121.367514
121.441192
121.508519
121.736923
121.89791
121.950034
121.853012
121.552819
121.341639
120.784354
119.210792
117.153912
113.906542
110.32237
106.468746
96.1468369
84.8977545
73.8402028
62.4374457
54.5925362
48.9629189
43.3935214
37.7531872
32.3721921
27.235183

115.262229
115.36564
115.391457
115.415477
115.391543
115.43046
114.638347
114.510701
114.97945
115.320021
114.783137
114.380301
114.708254
114.968223
115.04718
115.372459
115.32248
115.291592
115.234386
114.941701
114.350644
114.574885
114.966851
114.85657
114.562823
114.909284
114.950794
115.153217
114.772267
114.579588
114.940044
114.956103
115.263537
115.398544
115.27662
115.285731
115.085561
114.55273
114.103166
115.148638
115.41734
115.279611
115.304878
115.15142
114.900123
112.116532
108.547839
104.895887
101.043001
96.389447
90.5314724
84.3529004

0.80877674
0.80942989
0.76421909
0.77915873
0.78187645
0.802726
0.82202183
0.85198729
0.79178421
0.78279297
0.81324628
0.86552467
0.81359482
0.81552826
0.82315605
0.79704031
0.79276509
0.78288248
0.78066733
0.79417458
0.83810892
0.84255034
0.8349439
0.84399331
0.84065227
0.79481968
0.80115343
0.79339199
0.82405582
0.84066621
0.83230958
0.84147253
0.82519865
0.80986049
0.7976967
0.78217933
0.75578291
0.6682053
0.48440596 Log(T1/3-Tr)
#NUM!
0.09415509
#NUM!
0.70714166
#NUM!
0.94501858
#NUM!
1.28235111
#NUM!
1.480778
#NUM!
1.61341811
#NUM!
1.6961736
#NUM!
1.73203413
#NUM!
1.74766787
#NUM!
1.76079539
#NUM!
1.76816626
#NUM!
1.76461902
#NUM!
1.75677084

104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

22.5631678
18.6407315
17.6527314
17.64857
17.645545
17.642495
17.63947
17.63647
17.63347
17.63047
17.627445
17.624395
17.6271401
17.5329845
17.4414435
17.3347434

78.1175869
71.8751669
68.7056862
66.5466727
64.309054
61.8730302
59.4733333
57.0620379
54.9285629
52.9350072
50.6611147
48.0721238
45.9402267
44.2708457
42.9793958
42.0274

#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!
#NUM!

1.74471861
1.72619265
1.70802088
1.68929201
1.66897739
1.64572219
1.62152797
1.59577796
1.57165169
1.54783052
1.51895682
1.4835549
1.45198722
1.42712666
1.40718607
1.39256782

tiempo (min) Temp. RetortaTemp. 1/3 base

tiempo (min) Temp. RetortaTemp. 1/3 base
1
50.1554
30.1554
61
121.3845
115.3200
2
51.8454
31.8454
62
121.2881
114.7831
3
53.5431
33.5431
63
121.7174
114.3803
4
55.2137
35.2137
64
121.2185
114.7083
5
56.8686
36.8686
65
121.5075
114.9682
6
58.5744
38.5744
66
121.7023
115.0472
7
61.0835
41.0835
67
121.6392
115.3725
8
63.9174
43.9174
68
121.5278
115.3225
9
66.8516
46.8516
69
121.3573
115.2916
10
70.0660
50.0660
70
121.2692
115.2344
11
73.5786
53.5786
71
121.1672
114.9417
12
77.2785
57.2785
72
121.2389
114.3506
13
81.2288
61.2288
73
121.5339
114.5749
14
85.1392
65.1392
74
121.8051
114.9669
15
88.8989
68.8989
75
121.8388
114.8566
16
92.4521
72.4521
76
121.4915
114.5628
17
95.8221
75.8221
77
121.1440
114.9093
18
99.0490
79.0490
78
121.2771
114.9508
19
102.1761
82.1761
79
121.3675
115.1532

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

105.2267
108.1420
110.8689
113.4320
115.8498
117.1128
118.2638
119.3980
120.1001
120.6671
121.3592
121.7758
121.6746
121.8594
121.5517
121.7352
121.6461
121.5970
121.8061
121.9345
121.7251
121.4167
121.0844
121.0634
121.6002
121.9287
121.9067
121.3267
121.4599
121.3879
121.2180
121.2800
121.7006
121.8137
121.2020
121.4294
121.4432
121.7798
121.2761
121.6226

85.2267
88.1420
90.8689
93.4320
95.8647
98.1584
100.2855
102.0198
103.5010
104.8440
106.9402
108.3175
109.2493
109.9467
110.5033
110.9696
111.3709
111.7259
112.0445
112.4026
113.0012
113.7723
114.7940
115.7025
115.5414
115.1573
115.1506
115.4019
115.3713
115.3305
115.4692
115.3888
115.2622
115.3656
115.3915
115.4155
115.3915
115.4305
114.6383
114.5107

80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119

121.4412
121.5085
121.7369
121.8979
121.9500
121.8530
121.5528
121.3416
120.7844
119.2108
117.1539
113.9065
110.3224
106.4687
96.1468
84.8978
73.8402
62.4374
54.5925
48.9629
43.3935
37.7532
32.3722
27.2352
22.5632
18.6407
17.6527
17.6486
17.6455
17.6425
17.6395
17.6365
17.6335
17.6305
17.6274
17.6244
17.6271
17.5330
17.4414
17.3347

114.7723
114.5796
114.9400
114.9561
115.2635
115.3985
115.2766
115.2857
115.0856
114.5527
114.1032
115.1486
115.4173
115.2796
115.3049
115.1514
114.9001
112.1165
108.5478
104.8959
101.0430
96.3894
90.5315
84.3529
78.1176
71.8752
68.7057
66.5467
64.3091
61.8730
59.4733
57.0620
54.9286
52.9350
50.6611
48.0721
45.9402
44.2708
42.9794
42.0274

140

120

100

Temperatura (C)

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0005
0.0010
0.0020
0.0037
0.0067
0.0118
0.0200
0.0324
0.0498
0.0735
0.1118
0.1645
0.2298
0.3065
0.3937
0.4907
0.5971
0.7127
0.8369
0.9719
1.1268
1.3119
1.5460
1.8345
2.1126
2.3671
2.6213
2.8905
3.1579
3.4228
3.6963
3.9647

80

60

40

20

0
0

20

Curva de Calentamie
1.4
1.3
1.2
log(Tr-T)

Letalidad
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0003
0.0005
0.0010
0.0017
0.0030
0.0051
0.0083
0.0124
0.0174
0.0237
0.0384
0.0527
0.0653
0.0767
0.0872
0.0970
0.1064
0.1155
0.1243
0.1350
0.1549
0.1850
0.2341
0.2886
0.2781
0.2545
0.2541
0.2693
0.2674
0.2649
0.2735
0.2685

1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
20

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE CAL

el punto mas frio de un envase-producto

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

0.2607
0.2670
0.2686
0.2701
0.2686
0.2710
0.2259
0.2193
0.2443
0.2642
0.2335
0.2128
0.2295
0.2437
0.2482
0.2675
0.2644
0.2625
0.2591
0.2422
0.2114
0.2226
0.2436
0.2375
0.2220
0.2404
0.2427
0.2543
0.2329
0.2228
0.2421
0.2430
0.2608
0.2691
0.2616
0.2622
0.2504
0.2214
0.1997
0.2540
0.2702
0.2618
0.2633
0.2542
0.2399
0.1264
0.0556
0.0240
0.0099
0.0034
0.0009
0.0002

4.2255
4.4925
4.7611
5.0312
5.2999
5.5709
5.7968
6.0161 F=6
6.2604
6.5247
6.7582
6.9710
7.2005
7.4442
7.6924
7.9598
8.2242
8.4867
8.7458
8.9880
9.1994
9.4220
9.6656
9.9031
10.1250
10.3654
10.6081
10.8624
11.0953
11.3182
11.5603
11.8033
12.0641
12.3332
12.5948
12.8569
13.1073
13.3287
13.5284
13.7824
14.0527
14.3145
14.5778
14.8320
15.0718
15.1982
15.2538
15.2777
15.2876
15.2910
15.2919
15.2921

de la funcion fh
a) datos iniciales:
temperatura de retorta

b) calcular funcion fh

c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentam

Parametros de penetracion de calor p

Parametros de calentamiento
fh =
Jh =
Tih =
Tpih =
Tr =
L = CUT =
xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx

fh seria exactamente igual a fc en el cas

si hay una variacion entre los 2 mayor al
si existe conveccion pura Jc seria igual a

emp. 1/3 base

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

15.2921
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922
15.2922

Temp. Retorta

Temp. 1/3 base

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
20

40

60

80

100

120

140

tiempo (minutos)

Curva de Enfriamiento "Valor d

1.9
1.8

Curva de Calentamiento "Valor de fh"

y = -0.0257x + 1.9279
R = 0.9625

Log(T1/3-Tr)

1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
Log(Tr-T1/3)
25

30

35
tiempo (min)

Linear
(Log(Tr-T1/3))
40
45

ARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE CALENTAMIENTO

fh 1/3 lata

38.9105058

l punto mas frio de un envase-producto es aquel que presenta el mayor valor

PARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE ENF

a) datos iniciales:
temperatura del agua de enfriamiento

e la funcion fh
b) calcular funcion fc

) datos iniciales:
emperatura de retorta

Tr =
Tih =
CUT =

121.1 C
30.155 C
20 min.

) calcular funcion fh

c) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de

log(Tr-Ti) = - t/fh + log(Tr-Tpih)
log(Tr-Ti) = - 0.0257.t+1.9279

ecuacion (a)

fh =
38.9105 minutos
) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de calentamiento (Tpih)
calcular log(Tr-Ti)
para un tiempo t= 0
log(Tr-Ti) =
1.9279
para el nuevo eje cero corregido t= 0.58xCUT
la ecuacion (a) queda
log(Tr-Tpih) = t/fh + log(Tr-Ti)
log(Tr-Tpih) = 0.0267.t+2.229
log(Tr-Tpih) = 0.0267x(0.58x34)+2.229
log(121.1-Tpih)=
2.2260
Tpih=

-47.1752 C

) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento (Jh)

Jh = (Tr-Tpih)/(Tr-Tih)
Jh = (121.1-50.31)/(121.1-76.03)
Jh =
1.8503

arametros de penetracion de calor para enlatado de frijol canario

arametros de calentamiento
38.9105 min.
1.8503
30.155 C
-47.1752 C
121.1 C
20 min.

Parametros de enfriamiento
Fc =
44.0529 min.
Jc =
1.1974
Tic =
115.15 C
Tpic =
123.7 C
Tw =
17 C

h seria exactamente igual a fc en el caso de existir una conveccion o conduccion pura

i hay una variacion entre los 2 mayor al 20% debe emplearse el metodo general para evaluar el TT
i existe conveccion pura Jc seria igual a 1 y si es conduccion pura seria igual a 2

0.6529
65.29
35.2862

d) calcular factor de retraso de calentam

TIEMPO DE PROCESO TERMICO

Log(T1/3-Tr)

10

20

30

40

50

Curva de Enfriamiento "Valor de fc"

y = -0.0227x + 2.0589
R = 0.9828

Log(T1/3-Tr)
Linear (Log(T1/3Tr))

(b) metodo matematico de Stumbo

10

20

30

40

datos iniciales:

tiempo (min.)

ARAMETROS DE LA CURVA DE ENFRIAMIENTO

) datos iniciales:
emperatura del agua de enfriamiento

Tw =
Tg = Tic =

17 C
115.15 C

Parametros de calentamiento
fh =
Jh =
Tih =
Tpih =
Tr =
L = CUT =

microorganismo de referencia: clostri

Fo = Fs = Fc =10

) calcular funcion fc
log(Ti-Tw) = - t/fh + log(Tpic-Tw)
log(Tr-Ti) = - 0.0227.t+2.0589

fh =
44.0529 minutos
) calcular temperatura pseudoinicial de enfriamiento (Tpih)
de la ecuacion (b) y (c), se obtiene:
log(Tpic-Tw) =t/fh + log(Ti-Tw)
log(Tpic-Tw) =0.0647.t+2.0158
para un tiempo t=0, la ecuacion (d), queda:
log(Tpic-20) =
Tpic=

ecuacion (b)
ecuacion (c)

calcular la funcion Ih:

calcular Fr
ecuacion (d)
Calcular Uc

2.0589
134.5249 C

calcular relacion fh/Uc

) calcular factor de retraso de calentamiento (Jch)

Hallar gc en tablas de Stumbo
Jc = (Tpic-Tw)/(Tg-Tw)
Jc = (123.7-20)/(119.5-20)
Jc =
1.1974

ingresar en las tablas con los valores sig

z=
Jc =
fh/Uc =
por interpolacion: gc=
calcular tiempo de proceso Ball (B)

calcular tiempo de proceso de operador

calcular el tiempo de proceso termico (ttp

IEMPO DE PROCESO TERMICO

b) metodo matematico de Stumbo

atos iniciales:

arametros de calentamiento
38.9105 min.
1.8503
30.155 C
-47.1752 C
121.1 C
20 min.

Parametros de enfriamiento
Fc =
44.0529 min.
Jc =
1.1974
Tic =
115.15 C
Tpic =
134.5249 C
Tw =
17 C

microorganismo de referencia: clostridium botulinum

6 z=
10

alcular la funcion Ih:

Ih = Tr - Tih
Ih =

90.945

Fi = log-1((121.1-Tr)/z)
Fi =

1 min.

Uc = Fc.Fi
Uc =

6 min

alcular relacion fh/Uc

fh/Uc =
fh/Uc =

38.91/10
6.48508431 OJO

Hallar gc en tablas de Stumbo

ngresar en las tablas con los valores siguientes:

10 C
1.1974
6.48508431

or interpolacion: gc=

18 F

2.1068 ojo

6.38

alcular tiempo de proceso Ball (B)

B = fch(log(Jch.Ih)-log(gc))
B = 15.63*(log((1.57)(55.07))-log(0.66))
B=
55.2995845 min
B=
74.0232175 min

alcular tiempo de proceso de operador (Pt)

tp =
tp =

B - 0.42.L
46.8995845 min.

alcular el tiempo de proceso termico (ttp)

ttp = tp + L
ttp =

66.8995845 min.

mal