STAAR GRADE 8 SCIENCE REFERENCE MATERIALS

FORMULAS
Density = mass volume

STA AR
State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness

TM

D =

m V

Average speed =

total distance total time

s =

d t

Net force = (mass)(acceleration)

F = ma

Work = (force)(distance)

W = Fd

STAAR GRADE 8 SCIENCE REFERENCE MATERIALS

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

18 8A
Atomic number Symbol Atomic mass
28.086

1 1A

14

He
4.003
Helium

1.008

Hydrogen

2 2A
5 6

Si
13 3A
Name
10.812
Boron

14 4A

15 5A
7

16 6A
8

17 7A
9

10

2
13

Li
Silicon

Be B Al
26.982
Aluminum

C
12.011
Carbon

N
14.007
Nitrogen

O
15.999
Oxygen

F
18.998
Fluorine

Ne
20.180
Neon

6.941

9.012

Lithium

Beryllium

3 8 4 4B 9 8B 10 12 2B 11 1B 5 5B
23

Na
6 6B 7 7B

11

Mg Ti
47.867 58.933
Cobalt Nickel Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron

12

Si
28.086
Silicon

14

15

P Ga
31

16

S
Phosphorus

Cl
30.974 32.066
Sulfur

17

Ar
35.453
Chlorine

18

22.990

24.305

39.948
Argon

Sodium

Magnesium

3 3B
22

19

4
50.942 54.938 55.845 58.693 51.996 63.546
Copper

K Zr
91.224 95.96
Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium

Ca
40

20

Sc Nb
92.906 (98)
Niobium

21

V Mo
101.07 102.906 106.42
Palladium

Cr
42

24

Mn Tc Re
186.207
Rhenium Osmium

25

Fe Ru Os
190.23 192.217
Iridium

26

Co Rh Ir
109 77 45

27

Ni Pd Pt
195.085
Platinum

28

Cu Ag
107.868
Silver

29

Zn
65.38
Zinc

30

Ge
69.723
Gallium

32

As
72.64
Germanium

33

Se
74.922
Arsenic

34

Br
78.96
Selenium

35

Kr
79.904
Bromine

36

39.098

40.078

44.956

83.798
Krypton

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

5
Zirconium

Rb Hf
178.49
Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten

37

Sr
72

38

39

Y Ta
180.948 183.84

41

43

44

46

47

Cd
112.412
Cadmium

48

In
114.818
Indium

49

Sn
118.711
Tin

50

Sb
121.760
Antimony

51

Te
127.60
Tellurium

52

53

I Au
196.967
Gold

Xe
126.904
Iodine

54

85.468

87.62

88.906

131.294
Xenon

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

6
104 105 106 107 108

Cs Rf
(268)
Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium

55

Ba Db
(271) (272) (270)
Hassium

56

Lu Sg Bh Hs Mt

71 73

74

75

76

78

79

Hg
200.59
Mercury

80

Tl
204.383
Thallium

81

Pb
207.2
Lead

82

Bi
208.980
Bismuth

83

Po
(209)
Polonium

84

At
(210)
Astatine

85

Rn
(222)
Radon

86

132.905

137.328

174.967

Cesium

Barium

Lutetium

7
(267)

Fr

87

Ra

88

103

Lr

110
(276)

Ds
(281)

Rg
(280)
Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium

111

Mass numbers in parentheses are those of the most stable or most common isotope.

(223)

(226)

(262)

Francium

Radium

Lawrencium Rutherfordium

Lanthanide Series
138.905 140.116
Cerium Lanthanum

La
140.908

57

Ce Th
232.038
Thorium

58

Pr Pa
231.036
Protactinium

59

Nd
144.242

60

Pm
(145)

61

Sm
150.36
Samarium

62

Eu
151.964
Europium

63

Gd
157.25
Gadolinium

64

Tb
158.925
Terbium

65

Dy
162.500
Dysprosium

66

Ho
164.930
Holmium

67

Er
167.259
Erbium

68

Tm
168.934
Thulium

69

Yb
173.055
Ytterbium

70

Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium

Actinide Series
(227)
Actinium

Ac

89

90

91

92

Np
238.029
Uranium

93

Pu
(237)
Neptunium

94

Am
(244)
Plutonium

95

Cm
(243)
Americium

96

Bk
(247)
Curium

97

Cf
(247)
Berkelium

98

Es
(251)
Californium

99

Fm
(252)
Einsteinium

100

Md
(257)
Fermium

101

No
(258)
Mendelevium

102

(259)
Nobelium

Updated Spring 2011