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SPE Workshop Reducing Environmental Impact of Unconventional Resource Development San Antonio, TX April 23-25, 2012
Acknowledgements
Funding provided by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Project directed by ALL Consulting with support from GWPC
Approximately 180 trillion gallons of groundwater have been depleted in the U.S. during the 20th Century alone.
In the US, 21 percent of irrigation is achieved by pumping groundwater at rates that exceed the water supplies ability to recharge.
Domestic, industrial, and agricultural users are left to compete for the nations diminishing freshwater resources.
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Droughts
Texas
Western U.S.
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Access
Permits Federal State River Basins Commissions Water Districts Water Rights
Water wars in traditionally wet regions
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Produced Water
Produced water
Conventional Re-use in shale operations
Variable -the quantity and quality of produced water can vary greatly from basin to basin, from well to well, and over time from the same well Produced water is from conventional oil can be a stable source Not available in all shale plays
Produced Water
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Saline Aquifers
Saline Aquifers TDS concentrations of 1,000 35,000 mg/L Many are relatively shallow (< 1,000 ft.) The quantity and quality of water can vary greatly from aquifer to aquifer, from well to well, with depth, and over time from the same well Has the potential to provide stable water supply Large quantities of saline water may be available in many regions throughout the U.S.
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Saline Aquifers
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POTWs
Municipal sewage treatment plants - typically treated to remove suspended solids, adjust pH, and to remove organics (nutrients) No treatment or data for TDS generally not a problem The quantity and quality of POTW effluent is fairly consistent Stable, long-term source Organic load can still be fairly high
May require treatment to avoid biofouling Using this water may have a positive environmental impact, but Some streams are dependent upon these flows
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POTWs
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Summary
Viability of Alternate Water Sources
Each alternate source presents challenges As energy demands and stresses on fresh water supplies increase, over-coming these challenges will become more feasible Site-specific analysis is necessary to determine if a given alternate water source is feasible for use
AWSIS
Internet-based application with a Google-Earth interface that allows for easy identification of potential alternative water sources
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To Access AWSIS
http://www.all-llc.com/projects/coal_water_alternatives/
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Contact Information
David Alleman dalleman@allllc.com ALL Consulting
www.ALL-LLC.com
Citation: Alleman, D., ALL Consulting ,and Arthur, J.D., ALL Consulting Alternative Water Sources for Shale Gas Development. Presented at the Society of Petroleum Engineers Advanced Technology Workshop (ATW) on Reducing Environmental Impact of Unconventional Resource Development, April 23-25, 2012.
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