Glynnis Farleigh and Ally Kraus Ms Shimp AP World Period 6 NHD Bibliography Annotated Bibliography Primary

ABCCLIO."Hitler Youth." worldhistory.abcclio.com. Accessed October 9, 20 http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display/311925?terms=hitler+youth . This articles talks briefly about the Hitler Youth, the Nazi program required for all German children to go through, even if their parents objected. Another example of how German citizens had no real choice.

Chan, C. Peter. German Citizen Realization. Photograph. World War 2 Database. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://ww2db.com/image.php?image_id=14300.

This picture shows citizens of Germany touring a war camp that held captured Soviets and Suttrops. The mothers face is shocked and horrified as she tries to shield her children from seeing the dead bodies laying on the ground. This represents how the citizens of Germany were not aware of what was going on in these camps, and were only following their responsibility of trusting their government.

German Soldiers in the Channel Islands. Photograph. Science and Society. Accessed October 9, 2013 http://www.ssplprints.com/image/133275/germansoldiers-in-the-channel-islands-world-war-two-1940-1945.

This picture shows German soldiers charging through the streets to fight, but instead of the citizens looking patriotic or proud, they are hiding away. The Germans were more afraid of their own country than proud, but it was their duty to support their homeland and stay out of the way. Hitler Youth. Photograph. Library of Congress. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/Search/Display/448709?terms=hitler+youth. This photo shows a picture of children in their Hitler Youth dress, and organization designed to promote Nazism/Nazi beliefs in children at a young age. This was required of German children, another example of how German citizens did not have a choice in matters, and had to live up to a certain German ideal.

Hoffmann, Peter. Stauffenberg. A Family History, 1905-1944. Second Edition (Revised). (Montreal & Kingston, London, Ithaca: McGill-Queens University Press) 2003. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Stauffenberg.html This is a photo of a German officer who carried out the July 20th bombing attempt on Hitler. How to Tell A Jew German Propaganda Archive Accessed September 30, 2013 http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/story3.htm A piece of propaganda showing a German schoolchild learning how to tell a Jew shows indoctrination of children in Nazi school systems. Jaurausch, Konrad German views of World War 2 The Wall Street Journal -3, no 1 (2008 1.http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142405274870371250457624495355264 4470.html (accessed September 25, 2013)

This is an article that gives several stories of people with family that were Germanic citizens during World War 2. They all have talk from a different part of view, yet stress that their society and lives changed drastically. They highlight that people normally only talk about what happened to the Jews, but the stress, conflict, and suffering of the Germans was very prominent as well.

Kulish, Nicholas. "Facing German Suffering, and Not Looking Away." Europe.

This article is told from the viewpoint of a German that used to live in an apartment, but had his shop burned down so now he is living in an alleyway. He tells of the gruesome city conditions and how the corners were littered with bodies and skeletons. Even though he was a citizen by blood, he was given no help or welfare and was left to rot in the street. He also goes over the conditions of the entire town he lived in, and the people in it. Lisciotto, Carmelo The White Rose Leaflets holocaustresearchproject.org http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/wrleaflets.html (accessed September 25, 2013)

These are the White Rose Leaflets, written and distributed by three German students in the 1940s. It talks about the German people being corrupt, and slaves to the

system. This was an extremely risky thing to do at the time, because it even mentions that the system has put every man into a spiritual prison, meaning, even if people wanted to change how things were, they lived in fear and had no power.

Moore, John. "Diaries of World War II." World War 2 Today. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2340869/Diary-World-War-TwoGerman-teenager-reveals-death-destruction-mundane-allowed-nation-turnblind-eye-brutality.html. This is a diary of a teenager during World War 2. She wrote about how drastically school had changed and all the rights that were revoked from students and educational systems. She also said how death had become mundane and accepted, and that the entire country had turned its back on its own citizens, while they followed the leaders blindly.

Ohrdruf. Photograph. War History Online. September 11, 2011. Accessed October 9, 2013 http://www.warhistoryonline.com/articles/during-wwii-generaleisenhower- ordered-every-citizen-of-gotha-germany-to-tour-aconcentration-camp-after-seeing-the-camp-the-mayor-hanged-himself.html.

This is a picture of the mayor of a German town that hung himself after seeing a concentration camp. Being a German citizen, he had faith in his country that everything they were doing was necessary and it all would pay off in the end. Yet when a town was forced to tour a concentration camp, the mayor hung himself because he supported this and did nothing to stop it. It shows that Germany betrayed the citizens trust, when they were only following their given responsibilities.

Paulick, Jane. "Diary of Brigitte Eicke."The Carefree Life of a Teen in Wartime Berlin 1, (2013): 1,2. http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/wwii-diaryshows-surprisinglyordinary-life-of-berlin-teenager-a-901355.html (accessed September 25, 2013).

As a contrast from the other sources, this diary is from a teenage girl that actually lived a normal lifestyle. She lived her life much like we do today: attending school, socializing, going to movie theaters, falling in love, ect. She allowed the country to interact in its own affairs and behaved as a citizen by living her own life. It is a contrast from the other many accounts of people suffering and having their lives drastically change due to the Nazis in the war.

Sample of Nuremberg Race Laws. Photograph. September 15, 1935. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md. This picture depicts the Nuremberg Race Laws, which were passed in order to prevent intermingling of Jews with other German citizens. The Nazi government was taking their citizens right to marry whom they chose away, and if you went ahead and married who you chose, there would be punishment.

Schellenberg, Walter , and Louis Hagen.The Labyrinth: Memoirs Of Walter Schellenberg, Hitler's Chief Of Counterintelligence. Germany: Da Capo Press, 1956. This is a book written about Hitlers actions during World War 2. It has a few quotes from soldiers and citizens, both saying that he was unnecessarily brutal to the Jews, but neglected to oppose because they knew all that disobeyed Hitler ended up hurt. They talk about the speeches Hitler made telling them about how their new lives would go about during the war, what was expected of them, and what they could and could not do.

The Columbia Encyclopedia. "World War II Home Front - World War II, America 1900-1950 | Questia, Your Online Research Library." Questia, Your Online Research Library. http://www.questia.com/library/history/military-history/wars-battles-andmilitaryinterventions/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-home-front (accessed September 26, 2013).

This book takes the viewpoint of shop owners and workers in Germany during World War 2. It expresses how unaware they were of what Hitler was actually doing, and how afraid they were of the enforcement he used even in their hometown. Soldiers were placed through cities and towns to make sure people behaved as they were supposed to, and used violent ways to punish those that did not follow. Vandivert, William. WW2 History Nazi Era. Photograph. NewsxPictures. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://1x1.fi/11294.

This is a picture of a map that displays all the areas that experienced changes in society during World War 2. Almost all the cities and towns in Germany underwent some kind of change in regulation or rights, and other parts around the world did as well.

World History The Modern Era s.v Destruction of Germany, Image, National Archives, accessed October 9, 2013 http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/. This image depicts how badly Germany was destroyed during WWII. Many German males were expected to go to war during this time, even if they did not want to. The Nazis were forcing people to do their civic duty, often with no choice and nothing in return.

WW2 Germany. Photograph. MilitaryImages.net. February 2005. Accessed October 9, http://www.militaryimages.net/photopost/anti-tank/p32790-wwii-2c-aachen-2cgermany-us-army.html.

This picture displays an apartment complex in Germany that was destroyed and raided by soldiers. The family living in there was suspected to have been holding a Jewish child, so they had to stand back and allow German officials to ransack their house to assure that they were not. Even though their house was completely wrecked, they had no choice but to allow it because it was their responsibility as citizens to trust their soldiers to do the right thing.

Secondary Sources

A&E Television Networks. "The SS." History.com. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/ss. The SS , or Schutzstaffel were inititally Hitlers bodyguards, who later became the elite of the Nazis, and at the end of WWII determined a criminal organisation. This article is useful to Lisciotto, Carmelo The White Rose holocaustresearchproject.org http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/whiterose.html (accessed September 25, 2013) These article talks about a group of students in the 1940s who wrote a collection of anti-Nazi, Third Reich resistance leaflets. They wrote a total of three different leaflets encouraging students to instead of blindy following the Nazis, come up with their own views, as well as painting Freedom on walls at their school, and Down With Hitler or Hitler Mass Murderer. While these students had (in our current view) the right idea, it was incredibly risky because if the Nazis discovered these leaflets, they would have been imiditelly incarcerated. On February 22, 1943, after being finally caught by the Gestapo, all three were sent to the guillotine.

American Anthropological Association. "Nazism and World War II." Understanding Race. Last modified 2007. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://www.understandingrace.org/history/society/nazism.html. This is an article written about the Nazism in Germany during World War 2. It shows how it rose to power, what they expected of citizens, and what their regulations and beliefs were. It tells about how most German citizens did not approve of the Nazis and when they began to revolt, the Nazis regulated more rules and orders to keep them under control. What was expected in them increased, however their rights and freedom decreased dramatically.

The Columbia Encyclopedia. "World War II Home Front - World War II, America 1900-1950 | Questia, Your Online Research Library." Questia, Your Online Research Library. http:/www.questia.com/library/history/military-history/wars-battles-andmilitary-interventions/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-home-front (accessed September 26, 2013). We are using this article for reference on comparing Nazi Germany and their citizens way of life to that of American citizens during WWII, who had far less oppression than German citizens. Daily Mail Online Revealed: Inside the Hitler Youth camps where youngsters were brainwashed to become Nazis, having their heads shaved and standing guard... as rare albums from one cadet go up for auction Accessed October 6, 2013 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2558424/Inside-HitlerYouth-camps-youngsters-brainwashed-Nazis.html This article features rare images of boys in Nazi youth clothing, as well as photographs of camps Hitler Youth duty was a responsibility of all boys in Germany at the time.

Florida Center for Instructional Technology. "The Nazification of Germany." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust. Last modified 2005. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/nazifica.htm. This is a timeline that shows the Nazification of Germany and how it progressed. It has specific dates and what events occurred then, as well as what caused them. It helps our argument because it tells dates of when new laws were passed revoking rights, and when many protests resulted into massacres led by none other than the Nazis.

Haffner, Sebastian The German People and World War II historicalboysclothing.org http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/cou/ger/w2gger.html (accessed September 25, 2013)

This site talks about clothing, rationing, and countries involved in WWII. People in Germany as well, had to ration even more than those in America or Britain, since many of their battles were fought onto or close to the home front, even more supplies were needed, and citizens had to make a sacrifice.

Historylearningsite.co.uk. "Nazi Learning." History Learning Site. Last modified December 2011. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Nazi_Education.htm An article of education systems in Nazi Germany. Historylearningsite.co.uk Operation Valkyrie History Learning Site, Accessed October 10, 2013 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_valkyrie.htm This article mentions the famed bombing attempt by a group of men against Hitler and the Third Reich, showing yes, people did rebel against the Nazis and were punished heavily.

Historylearningsite.co.uk. "Young Girls League." History Learning Site. Last modified December 2011. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/young_girls_league.htm. This article talks about the BDM, or Young Girls League. It was the female version of the Hitler Youth and had similar expectations and focused on preparing women for being good mothers. Young girls in Germany, into adulthood (supposedly) were expected to fulfill a certain role and not deviate from it.

"How the Nazi Rule Affected Germans." Nazi Germany. http://www.johndclare.net/Nazi_Germany3.htm. This website shows changes in German government and society due to Nazis. It talks about what changed in different places; like for government workers, soldiers, ordinary people, women, youths, ect. It tells of what was expected of them by the government and how their lives were lived.

Impact of Nazism on German Society. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://portal.jarbury.net/essay/nazigermany.html.

This article focuses solely on the Nazi impact on society. It contributes to our research because citizens struggled with the drastic and sudden changes, and also the change had an effect on Germanys future society.

Jarausch, Konrad. "German views of World War 2." The Wall Street Journal 1-3, no. 1(2008): 1. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527487037125045762449535526444 70.html (accessed September 25, 2013). This is an article written by a journalist that went and sought out ordinary people that lived in Germany during World War 2. They all had different views and experiences, and some shared letters that they wrote during that time. It contributes because it gives an idea of the larger picture of the rights and responsibilities expected from the citizens. Les anglonautes WW2 Milestones Accessed October 10, 2013 http://www.anglonautes.com/history/hist_us_20_ww2/hist_us_20_ww2.htm An image of a post-bombing German city to show what city life was like in later parts of the war Strange Vehicles of Pre-War Germany and the Third Reich KDF-Wagen Accessed October 2, 2013 http://strangevehicles.greyfalcon.us/HitlerKDF.htm This article features good pictures of the Kreuz durch Freiheit Wagon, a popular car promoted heavily by the Nazi Regime. "Public Feeling in Germany during WW2." Historum, January 28, 2009. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://historum.com/european-history/5049-public-feelinggermany-during-wwii.html. This is a discussion board for history teachers, majors, or just people that have a great knowledge in historical happenings. The discussion in this board is the public feeling in Germany on World War 2. It talks about how Nazi propaganda made everything look peaceful and righteous, which made the Germans believe their country was doing a good deed. No one ever challenged the authority because they had a responsibility to support the country they lived in.

Rosenberg, Jennifer. "World War II Starts." 20th Century History. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/wwiistarts.htm. This is a route website that consists of a summarization of World War 2 and a large number of links that could be possibly helpful. It focuses more on the bigger picture

instead of just German society, so this will help us get a better look on the worldwide impact.

Shils, Edward A., and Morris Janowitz. "Cohesion and Disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II." Public Opinion Quarterly. Accessed October 9, 2013.http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/2/280.short.

This is an article written by a man that interviewed a public relations specialist and a psychologist on the happenings of World War 2 and what was really going on. He stresses about the war not only being a military battle, but a battle that severely affected people and home grounds as well. Spartacus Educational Women in Nazi Germany Spartacus.schoonlnet.co.uk Accessed October 10, 2013 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERwomen.htm This is a great article discussing the roles of women in Nazi Germany, Hitlers view on women, and a few influential women.

South African History Online What Choices did People Have in Nazi Germany? sahistory.org http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/human-rightsissues-during-and-after-world-war-ii-focus-nazi-germany-grade-12-3 (accessed September 25, 2013) This article discusses the fact that not many German citizens actually had much of a choice in what was going on during the Nazi rule. They were educated in the propaganda of Nazi stereotypes and prejudice and mentioned that it was dangerous to resist the Nazi rulers. A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust Document: Kristallnacht fcit.usf.edu http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/DocKNach.htm (accessed September 25, 2013) This article discusses Kristallnacht, (Night of Broken Glass) It told the police to burn synagogues, destroy Jewish homes, but protect non-Jewish establishments. Any citizen who objected the burning of Jewish establishments would be sent to prison.

The Making and Breaking of Nazi Germany 39. Accessed October 9, 2013. http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/electronic_journals/militaria/milit aria_v39_n1_a10 .pdf.

This article focuses on the German economy, and how it was made then broken. Due to the decrease in economic finances, rules were tightened and rights were revoked. Germany put on a show for all the other countries to appear strong, but in reality the citizens were miserable and the economy was crashing. Wax, Trevin. "Understanding the German Mindset During World War II Trevin Wax." The Gospel Coalition. http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevinwax/2009/10/29/ understanding-the-german-mindset-during-world-war-ii/ (accessed September 25, 2013).

This is an article full of excerpts from a book that highlights the mindset during World War 2. It talks about what other countries thought of Germany, what the governments was thinking, how they justified their actions, and what the citizens were thinking. It says that the government thought of revoking rights as a way of protecting the citizens during this time of war.

World History The Modern Era, s.v. "Edelweiss Pirates," accessed October 9, 2013. http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/. The Edelweiss Pirates were another Geraman resistance group during WWII who spread communist ideas. Communism was outlawed by the Nazis, so it was punishable by imprisonment or death. People were not freee to have their own ideas under the Nazi rule.

World History The Modern Era, s.v. "Third Reich," accessed October 9, 2013. http://worldhistory.abcclio.com/. This article talks about the Third Reich, which was supposed to be the Thousand Year Reich and gives us insight on what the Nazis excepted from their would-be successors and citizens. W. Darrin Weaver Desperate Measures the Last-Ditch Weapons of the Nazi Volksturm (Collector Grader Publications Inc, 2005) accessed February 12, 2014 An extremely helpful book containing primary source images and testimonies from German telling how things were towards the end of the war.