Fugro World Wide

Fugro World Wide
CCS CAPABILITY STATEMENT
CAPABILITY STATEMENT CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS)
November 2009
Fugro World Wide Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Capability Statement
Fugro is the world leading geoscience company operating around the world at sea, on land and from the air. Fugro uses professional, highly specialized staff and advanced technologies and systems to collect and interpret data related to the earth's surface and the soils and rocks beneath. No other company can provide the same comprehensive range of geotechnical, survey and geosciences services.
CO2CRC
CONTENTS Page 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 5 6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 COMPANY PROFILE ................................................................................................. 2 MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT..................................................... 3 Site Characterization and Selection ........................................................................... 3 Project Operations ...................................................................................................... 4 Site Closure ................................................................................................................ 4 Post-Closure ............................................................................................................... 4 OCEAN STORAGE .................................................................................................... 4 FUGROS CCS CAPABILITIES.................................................................................. 5 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY............................................... 10 PROJECT EXPERIENCE .......................................................................................... 11 Environmental Assessments ...................................................................................... 11 Geological Assessments ............................................................................................ 11 Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing ................. 14 Licensing and Permissions ......................................................................................... 17 Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 17 Reservoir Characterization ......................................................................................... 17 Survey ........................................................................................................................ 24
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 25
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INTRODUCTION
CCS is a broad term that encompasses a number of technologies that can be used to capture CO2 from point sources, such as power plants and other industrial facilities, compress it; transport it mainly by pipeline to suitable locations; and inject it into deep subsurface geological formations for indefinite isolation from the atmosphere. CCS is a critical option in the portfolio of solutions available to combat climate change, because it allows for significant reductions in CO2 emissions from fossil-based systems, enabling it to be used as a bridge to a sustainable energy future. Carbon capture technologies have not been demonstrated on commercial-scale power plants yet. Three main approaches (Post-combustion capture, Pre-combustion capture, Oxy-fuel combustion) are used to capture CO2 from power plants. Other industrial processes that are potential candidates for CO2 capture are steel, cement, ammonia, and ethanol production. Transporting CO2 from point-of-capture to storage sites is an important linking step in the CCS project cycle. Although CO2 is transported via pipelines, ships, and tanker trucks for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and other industrial operations, pipeline transport is considered to be the most cost-effective and reliable method of transporting CO2 for onshore CCS. Existing injection programs provide experience for geologic storage, also known as sequestration, of CO2. The storage plan for an individual site ultimately must reflect the heterogeneity in local geological conditions, be informed by knowledge gained during project operations, and be based on site-specific data. Proper site characterization and operation are critical to successful geologic storage efforts. Also integral to safe and effective geologic storage is developing a reliable measurement, monitoring, and verification plan. Scenarios for stabilizing climate-forcing emissions suggest atmospheric CO2 stabilization can only be accomplished through the development and deployment of a robust portfolio of solutions, including significant increases in energy efficiency and conservation in the industrial, building, and transport sectors; increased reliance on renewable energy and potentially additional nuclear energy sources; and deployment of CCS. Slowing and stopping emissions growth from the energy sector will require transformational changes in the way the world generates and uses energy. Fugro has unique capabilities and strength in existing business fields that are closely interconnected to the CCS industry and are highly applicable to provide the CCS industry with high-value services and integrated, managed approaches.
COMPANY PROFILE
Fugro collects and interprets data related to the earth's surface and the soils and rocks beneath. Fugro operates around the world at sea, on land and from the air, using professional, highly specialized staff and advanced technologies and systems, many of which have been developed inhouse. Fugro operates on a worldwide basis. We offer our customers a comprehensive network of offices where our locally based staff is thoroughly familiar with regional operating conditions. Fugro NV is a company of approximately 14,000 employees in over 250 offices and a permanent presence in 60 countries. We are specialized in the collection, processing, interpretation and management of data related to the Earths surface. Fugro NV was founded in 1962, has been listed on Euronext N.V. in Amsterdam since 1992 and has been included in the Amsterdam Midkap index since 2002 and as of 2 September 2008 Fugro has been included in the AEX-Index. Fugro holds a leading and unique market position due to its (in-house) technological developments, high-value services provision and strong international and regional footprint. We are the leading provider of seismic inversion and reservoir characterization products and services, integrating geology, petrophysics, geophysics, and engineering to construct the most accurate and detailed descriptions of your reservoir. Fugro supports its clients in their search for natural resources and the production and transportation of those resources. Fugro also provides its clients with technical data and information in order to design construct and maintain installations, structures and infrastructure in a safe and efficient manner. To be able to meet their needs in the best possible way, Fugro's organizational structure is decentralized and market orientated. Fugro's highly qualified specialists work with modern technologies and systems, many of which have been developed in-house. Fugro's data collection equipment includes around fifty-five vessels, some hundreds of CPT (Cone Penetration Testing) and drilling units, around thirty jack-up platforms, approximately sixty aircraft and helicopters, one hundred and twenty-five ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles), and five AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), as well as advanced (satellite) positioning systems. Our goal is to provide our clients with superior quality service that meets or exceeds all agreed specifications and to deliver error-free goods and services achieved by doing it right the first time. This Capability Statement summarizes the key services Fugro supplies to the CCS industry. More detail on any of the services or companies discussed here is available in the form of datasheets, CVs and additional information upon request.
MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT
Onshore and offshore CCS storage projects, with potential storage option within the subsurface or subbottom units can be subdivided into four different phases as presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Projected Timeline for a CCS Project (modified after World Resources Institute (WRI). CCS Guidelines, 2008)
Our expert service teams extend your team throughout the entire project. services.
In addition, Fugro
continues to invest in research and development to provide our clients with superior quality The characteristics, specific needs and Fugros services for each single phase are summarized below and listed in more detail in Section 5. 3.1 Site Characterization and Selection
Site characterization and selection is the most important step in ensuring the safety and integrity of a storage project. During this phase, much of the site-specific data are collected and permits applications are developed. Fugro offers to the CCS industry unique geotechnical, survey and geoscience services in order to ensure the successful start of a project and a reliable database for the entire CCS process. Specifically, Fugro offers a wide range of services from survey, geological, geophysical, petrophysical and environmental assessments, reservoir characterization as well as field and laboratory tests.
3.2
Project Operations
Project operations is often narrowly defined as the period of active CO2 injection. However, site preparation and well construction are included as part of operational activities. Fugro provides a wide range of monitoring services that are important for a smooth operation of a carbon storage facility. 3.3 Site Closure
Site closure occurs when injection ceases, the final wells are plugged and abandoned, and the site is certified for closure. Plugging and abandonment of wells is the primary task in site closure. During site closure, operators will undertake post-injection monitoring to demonstrate that the storage project does not endanger human health and the environment. assist the client during this project phase. 3.4 Post-Closure Fugros monitoring capabilities and expertise in the development of legal and permit documents for site closure will
Post-closure is the period of time after certification of site closure. At this stage, the storage project should not endanger human health and the environment.
OCEAN STORAGE
Besides the CO2 storage options within the ground, there is a potential CO2 storage option by injecting captured CO2 directly into the deep ocean. Ocean storage potentially could be done in two ways: by injecting and dissolving CO2 into the water column (typically below 1,000 meters) via a fixed pipeline or a moving ship, or by depositing it via a fixed pipeline or an offshore platform onto the sea floor at depths below 3,000 m, where CO2 is denser than water and is expected to form a lake. At these depths, CO2 would be isolated from the atmosphere for centuries. Vessels play an important role in the activities Fugro carries out for its clients. Our modern fleet currently comprises over 45 vessels that can be deployed for a variety of purposes. survey vessels for geophysical and hydrographic surveys. construction and drill support as well as deepwater survey activities. Fugro operates geotechnical vessels for site investigations and marine drilling activities, seismic and In addition, Fugro provides Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) for subsea
FUGROS CCS CAPABILITIES
The following table provides a summary of Fugros CCS capabilities and gives an overview of the applicability at different phases of a CCS storage project. Some additional information to some of the listed services as well as an extract of Fugros technical capabilities is provided in the Appendices at the end of this document.
SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION PROJECT OPERATIONS
FUGRO SERVICES
Environmental Assessments Environmental impact assessments (EIA) including ecological risk assessment, identification and evaluation of environmental adverse impacts Environmental Management Plans (EMP) Landscape management plans and spatial analysis Compatibility studies based on the Habitat and the Wild Birds Directive of the EU Council Conservation value assessments Environmental monitoring of natural systems Assessment of the baseline water chemistry and mineral content to enable future detection changes in groundwater quality Geological Assessments Site assessment, site evaluation, site selection Preliminary characterization of geological structures Regional and local geological surveys and geologic hazard assessments Regional & site-specific fault & seismic source characterization Feasibility studies Mapping and identification of all potentially significant transmissive faults especially those that transect the confining zone within the project footprint
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing Geophysical methods such as: Vertical Magnetic Gradiometry; Frequency Domain Electromagnetics; Time Domain Electromagnetics; Shallow Soil Resistivity Surveying, Seismic Refraction & Reflection; Electrical Resistivity Tomography; P-Wave Cross-Hole Tomography, Ground Penetrating Radar; Radiodetection; Microgravity; Multi Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW); Cross-hole tomography; P & S Wave Crosshole/Down-hole and OYO Suspension Logging.
SITE CLOSURE

FUGRO SERVICES
Rock and fluid properties analysis CO2 saturation (both dissolved and free), and oil saturation (for EOR projects) over time 4D prestack and poststack seismic data processing 2D-3D seismic reflection suitable for onshore seismic imaging of faulting between 50 m and 1000 m depth 1D and 3D seismic modeling using well-log, geomodel, and reservoir flow simulation data inversion of 4D seismic anomalies to obtain quantitative changes in pore pressure Borehole Geophysics, Well Logging, Wireline Logs (Acoustic and Optical Borehole Imager, Borehole Camera, Caliper, Cement Bond Log, 3D-Cavity Scanner, Deviation, Resistivity, Flowmeter, Fluid Conductivity, Fluid Temperature, Full Wave Sonic, Gamma Gamma Density, Neutron Log, Induction Electric Log, Natural Gamma Ray, Water Sampler, Self Potential, Tracer Log) Pressuremeter testing Packer testing Pumping tests Well drilling and completion Laboratory Testing Laboratory testing of soil and rock properties, including porosity and permeability QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy) providing digital imaging, and mineralogical and petrological analysis Licensing and Permissions Licensing & regulatory interaction Preparation of operational plans Assembling a comprehensive set of data describing the location, condition, plugging, and abandonment procedures, and any integrity testing results for every well Preparing documentation for certification of site closure Monitoring Data Management and presentation of monitoring results as webbased solution Corrosion detection on wells
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9
SITE CLOSURE
9 9 9
9 9
9 9

FUGRO SERVICES
Satellite monitoring service using radar interferometric techniques (INSAR) to identify any movement or instability or other surface deformation Effective monitoring of the environment to confirm storage integrity (aquifer, surface, atmosphere) Monitoring CO2 displacement and distribution in the subsurface to verify the quality of the containment Surface monitoring for water quality control or CO2 detection Groundwater monitoring to detect potential CO2 migration (pH, alkalinity, and concentration of calcium or other alkaline earth metals) Microseismic monitoring Pressure, temperature, and fluid chemistry monitoring in the injection reservoir Mechanical integrity tests to monitor and demonstrate the integrity of the injection and monitoring well(s) Monitoring for injected or displaced fluids to update and validate the subsurface models Monitoring of CO2 concentrations and fluxes and fluid composition to detect CO2 in the groundwater or at the surface Effective monitoring of the environment to confirm storage integrity (aquifer, surface, atmosphere) Monitoring CO2 displacement and distribution in the subsurface to verify the quality of the containment Surface monitoring for water quality control or CO2 detection Measurement and monitoring of the CO2 plume Groundwater monitoring to detect potential CO2 migration (pH, alkalinity, and concentration of calcium or other alkaline earth metals) Well integrity testing Water injection tests Offshore Capabilities Desktop studies Top hole drilling Exploration and appraisal well drilling Subsea well intervention Subsea well plug and abandonment Formation strength evaluation Navigation services (surface (Starfix) and subsea positioning)
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9
SITE CLOSURE

FUGRO SERVICES
Structure positioning (DGPS/EDM surface positioning sensors, LBL acoustic systems for subsea applications and metrology, attitude monitoring sensors, including gyros and inclinometers, subsea depth and altitude measurement systems) Rig positioning Seabed mapping Site surveys, drilling hazard surveys Hydrographic mapping Metrology surveys Subsea inspection services using ROTV Single beam and multibeam echo sounder operations for bathymetric charting Side scan sonar surveys for detailed seabed mapping Seismic profiler surveys for the investigation of sub-sea geology Geotechnical sampling, testing and analysis Environmental sampling and seabed photography Spillage monitoring and oceanographic surveys Annex I habitat surveys including pockmark investigations Baseline environmental surveys Biological effects monitoring Drill cuttings pile surveys Fish spawning ground surveys and biotope mapping assessments (including coral reefs) Reservoir Characterization Development of subsurface reservoir models Static and dynamic reservoir modeling Integrated reservoir studies including reservoir characterization, reservoir simulation and field development planning Technical evaluation and reviewing to efficiency of EOR options Prediction/simulation of the injection over the lifetime of the storage project and the associated project footprint Subsurface flow simulation to predict the migration of injected CO2 Calibration of the reservoir and risk models
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9
9 9 9
SITE CLOSURE
9 9 9 9
9 9 9

FUGRO SERVICES
Survey Seismic surveys Aerial photography LiDar mapping (fixed wings and helicopter) FLI-MAP (Fast Laser Imaging and Mapping Airborne Platform), helicopter based scanning laser system Land survey and photogrammetric survey Processing and interpretation of satellite and remote sensing data Data capture conversion of paper-based records to electronic format through scanning, digitization, polygonisation and attribution Satellite monitoring service using radar interferometric techniques (INSAR) to identify any movement or instability or other surface deformation
9 9 9 9 9 9 9
9 9 9 9 9
SITE CLOSURE
HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Fugro is committed to provide a healthy and safe workplace for all people at each work location and to protect the environment in accordance with applicable laws and our HSE Policy. Our commitment is based on the conviction that accidents are preventable. In order to achieve this objective, we will identify HSE risks arising from our activities and reduce them to as low as is reasonably practicable. Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) responsibilities are integrated in the way in which Fugro conducts its business. Successfully managing HSE issues is an essential component of our business strategy. Through observance and encouragement of this Policy, we assist in protecting the environment and the overall well-being of all our stakeholders, specifically, our employees, clients, subcontractors, and communities. In general, Fugros activities have little effect on the environment. Even so, Fugro pays due attention to the environment and is careful to protect it. Preventing or reducing environmental damage is a fundamental policy component. Through its work within its own disciplines Fugro has gained extensive knowledge of environmental problems and contributes towards their solution. A high proportion of Fugros activities is carried out on behalf of the oil and gas industry and, when involved in these activities, Fugro complies with the stringent demands the industry places on contractors. Fugro management will continue to take a proactive approach towards creating safe working environments for all employees and will be accountable for promoting continued safety education and training for all employees, assigning responsibility for all aspects of the HSE Policy, continuously reviewing potential areas of improvement, and ensuring thorough evaluations of all incidents. Fugro will continue to address the environmental and health impact of our operations by reducing waste, emissions, and discharges and by using energy efficiently. We strive to be good citizens in every community in which we operate. Fugro will facilitate implementation of the HSE Policy by having a Fugro HSE Management System. This System aims at continual improvement of HSE performance through definition of roles and responsibilities at all levels in the organization and an efficient communication structure. This HSE Management System is consistent with the Fugro business principles whereby operating companies handle their operations in accordance with instructions and guidance from Fugro NV. In this way we aim to foster an HSE performance we can be proud of, to earn the confidence of customers, shareholders and society at large and to enable sustained growth and development.
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PROJECT EXPERIENCE
7.1 x
Environmental Assessments GRO SCHULZENDORF, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), groundwater modeling, monitoring and consultancy for the construction of 4 new waterworks pumping wells and new water pipelines. x JNSCHWALDE, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including environmental feasibility and strategy study, screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), assessments in accordance with European Habitats and Birds Directive (NATURA2000), groundwater modeling and water management, monitoring and consultancy for the lignite open-pit mine Cottbus Nord. x STRAUSBERG, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening, Environmental Management Planning (EMP), mapping and consultancy for the construction of the second runway and a new terminal building at the airport Strausberg. x BLIESDORF-THRINGSWERDER, Germany: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) EIA including screening and Environmental Management Planning (EMP) for the construction of a wind farm consisting of 8 turbines. x KOZLODUY, Bulgaria: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Economic, environmental and social impact study of the early closure of the VVER 440 reactor units of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (Bulgaria). The report provided an assessment of the consequences of early closure and presented a strategy to mitigate these consequences.
7.2 x
Geological Assessments FATEH/FATEH SOUTHWEST, Dubai, UAE: Full field geological studies Characterization of reservoir development and evaluation of the influence of fractures in the upper Thamama reservoir. Detailed reservoir description and construction of a predictive reservoir model incorporating sedimentological, seismic, structural, wireline log and reservoir engineering data. x TROUT, Canada: Steam-assisted gravity drainage field development plan The study involved construction of a 3D static model using Petrel and thermal reservoir simulation using individual well production forecasts and a project economic analysis.
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OFFSHORE BLOCK P8, The Netherlands: Fault study A detailed fault study of the Lower Cretaceous in Offshore block P8. In the neighboring block P9, oil from the heavily faulted Lower Cretaceous has already been produced.
MUSCAT, Oman: Mapping stratigraphy and bedrock profile for a pipeline route In 2005, Fugro were commissioned to perform a geophysical survey along a 30 km pipeline route in Muscat, Oman. The purpose of the survey, in conjunction with an intrusive investigation, was to map the shallow stratigraphy along the route to aid in the pipeline design.
STRATHSPEY, East Shetland Basin, UK: Reservoir geological study A reservoir geological study of the Brent Group of twelve wells on the Strathspey structure, integrated with high resolution biostratigraphy, resulting in comprehensive facies analysis, reservoir zonation, correlation, mapping and channel modelling. Petrographic analyses led to the development of a diagenetic model that was integrated with core petrophysics data
VICTOR, UK: Review of the Rotliegendes reservoir Review of the Rotliegendes reservoir and construction and history matching a reservoir simulation model that could be used to provide accurate performance and reserves predictions. Historical field performance, individual well production allocation, static reservoir pressures, pressure transient data, flowing well analysis, material balance, faultrelated compartmentalisation, and analysis of field facilities were thoroughly investigated.
ARZANAH, Abu Dhabi, UAE: Full field geological modeling Full field geological modeling and reservoir simulation study of the Arab C and D, including modeling of stromatoporoid reefs. Reservoir layering was based upon core, wireline log response and interwell correlation. Cut-offs were established for each lithological type and net to gross maps compiled. Gross thickness, porosity, water saturation and hydrocarbon pore feet maps were also prepared using the facies and diagenetic models as templates. The study involved close liaison with geophysicists and reservoir engineers
DTLINGEN, Germany: Reservoir geological and petrophysical study A reservoir geological and petrophysical study of the Triassic reservoir using data from 38 wells to determine facies distributions, reservoir zonation and correlation together with diagenetic modelling to understand reservoir quality distribution. Integration of core and petrophysical data provided a framework for the production of parameter maps to assist the operator in producing a static volume model for gas storage.
FATEH/FATEH SOUTHWEST, Dubai, UAE: Geological studies Full field geological studies of two adjacent fields, to characterize reservoir development
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and evaluate the influence of fractures in the upper Thamama reservoir. The study included detailed reservoir description and construction of a predictive reservoir model incorporating sedimentological, seismic, structural, wireline log and reservoir engineering data. The results of the study were used by the client for an EOR feasibility study. The study was mainly conducted in the clients office x EL GASSI, Algeria: Geological and economic evaluation A geological and economic evaluation was conducted on the field in order to establish the potential commerciality prior to investment. Subsequent work has included detailed sedimentological and diagenetic description and modeling, and a review of well test data, with a view to ultimately providing input to the clients reservoir modeling x ILLIZI BASIN, Algeria: Regional study A comprehensive regional study which included identification, risking and ranking of prospects and leads in the Cambrian to Carboniferous section. Some 300 wells and more than 20,000 km of seismic data were involved in this study. x RAMOK/SENABING, Indonesia, Location: Geological/engineering study Multidisciplinary geological/engineering study to review and model old oil fields scheduled for rehabilitation. The study included an assessment of remaining reserves, their distribution in the reservoirs, and how best to recover them, as well as full economic assessment. x GALOC, Philippines: Reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study Integrated reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study of the clastic Galoc reservoir in this offshore field, including seismic and structural interpretation. x OCTON, Philippines: Reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study Integrated reservoir geological modeling and petrophysical study that included seismic interpretation and integration with detailed sedimentological modeling x SHAMS/SALAM/HAYAT, Egypt: Sedimentological and stratigraphic study An integrated sedimentological and stratigraphic study designed to resolve problems of reservoir correlation and flow unit recognition within complex discontinuous sandstone reservoirs in both the Jurassic and Cretaceous in a number of fields in the Western Desert. The study incorporated high resolution biostratigraphy and detailed reservoir description which were together used to generate sequence stratigraphically controlled, genetically based reservoir models.
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7.3 x
Geophysical and Borehole Geophysical Assessments, Borehole Testing SLEIPNER FIELD, Norway: Reprocessing of Seismic Data Reprocessing several vintages of 4D seismic data from the Sleipner Field and invert the time-lapse anomalies for CO2 saturation changes. Despite the lack of good well control, we were able to invert the 4D seismic anomalies to obtain an estimate of the amount of CO2 that accumulated at the top of the reservoir after a few years of injection. x WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project
Performance of 4D seismic processing and CO2 pressure/saturation inversion on two vintages of the Weyburn data. Performance of rock and fluid analysis and 1D modeling, and 4D processing and CO2 inversion.
NORTHERN ENGLAND, UK: Location of faulting beneath a key UK energy asset. Study involved the use of multichannel seismic reflection to 300 m depth to determine fault structures beneath a major industrial facility
ODYSSEUS UNBOUND, Greece: Research project to identify depth of channel sediments. Study involved the use of ERT, seismic reflection and microgravity to determine the location of ancient valley infill deposits, possibly caused by landslides. The purpose of this Fugro sponsored research project was to inform the Odysseus Unbound project that is attempting to investigate a new theory about the location of Homers Ithaca. For more details see: http://www.odysseus-unbound.org/
CHEVAL ROC, Jersey, United Kingdom: Bedrock Profiling Profile of bedrock topography along a coastal frontage. Study involved the use electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR).
PROJECT ASH, AYRSHIRE, United Kingdom: Identification of fault position and dip. Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map fault structures to assist in economic assessment of coal deposits.
BARROW-IN-FURNESS, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), P-wave seismic refraction and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) to locate the position of a natural ground peninsula to allow efficient construction of a new pylon.
ARMADALE, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), magnetic gradiometry (VMG) and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM) to investigate the nature of the underlying soils (peat) and man-made deposits beneath the site.
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DRUMSHANGIE MOSS, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), seismic refraction and frequency domain electromagnetics (EM). The objective of the survey was to map the depth of the competent bedrock and investigate the possible presence of subsurface voids caused by mining activities
WORTHING FRONTAGE, United Kingdom: Integrated geophysical survey Study to measure the depth to the chalk bedrock and the thickness of overlaying shingle layers using a variety of different techniques including ERT, seismic refraction and GPR
THE PALM DEIRA, United Arab Emirates: Identification of boulders within sand. Study involving the use of a variety of different frequency domain electromagnetic sensors (to provide varying penetration depths) to identify boulders with sands and gravels that might provide obstructions to development
FREEPORT CONTAINER PORT, Bahamas: Microgravity survey of faults Project involved the use of microgravity to determine variations in the density of bedrock (voiding within limestone) caused by voiding and other structural controls.
NEWCASTLE LANDFILL, UK: Landfill base profiling and identification of mineshafts Project had two objectives, firstly to identify the depth of a landfill using seismic refraction and ERT and secondly to determine the use of location of mineshafts using EM techniques and vertical magnetic gradiometry.
HONG KONG, Republic of China: Thickness Determination of weathered overburden material The purpose of the survey was to determine and map the thickness of weathered overburden material over Granite bedrock prior to blasting operations for an industrial installation. Fugro used microgravity combined with intrusive results to model the depth to bedrock.
DOUNREAY, UK: Fracture and stratigraphic assessment at Dounreay power station Project involved collecting wireline natural gamma, optical and acoustic televiewer data from Dounreay Power Station in Scotland.
GRIEVEHILL, AYRSHIRE, United Kingdom: Identification of fault position and dip Study involved the use of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to map fault structures to assist in economic assessment of coal deposits.
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NORTHERN A BLOCKS AT THE DUTCH SHELF, The Netherlands: Seismic interpretation Interpretation and depth conversion was the base for the drilling program for the development of the tertiary gas field in block A12.
OFFSHORE BLOCK F9, The Netherlands: Hydrocarbon prospecting study Hydrocarbon prospecting study in block F9 offshore the Netherlands by means of 3D seismic data and well data.
A, B AND F QUADRANTS, The Netherlands: Regional geological study A regional geological study in the A, B and F quadrants by means of petrophysical interpretations of the well data in this area. About 30 wells were analyzed.
Several confidential projects for technical research for application of production and exploration concessions, ground subsidence, and CO2 storage
SE-England: ERT investigation ERT investigation to profile Chalk Bedrock
KORALMTUNNEL, Austria: Borehole TB01/05, Well Logging Well logging in an exploration borehole (depth 1200 m) along the route of the planned Koralmtunnel (railway-connection between Klagenfurt and Graz/Austria).
MAGNESITE MIN, Breitenau, Austria: Deviation Logging Measurement of borehole deviation in 20 directional exploration drillings (mostly horizontal, max. depth 250m), cased hole.
VRBINA, Slovenia: Well Logging Well logging in three exploration boreholes (depth approx. 100 m) at a planned deposit for low radioactive waste at Vrbina/Slovenia.
DESSEL AND OOSTENDE, Belgium: Well Logging Well logging in 2 exploration boreholes (depth 190m, 320m) for geotechnical and hydrogeological investigation.
GALERIE DE JANOTS/CASSIS, France: Well Logging Well logging in 7 investigation boreholes (depth max. 95m) in hard rock formation.
BOREHOLE KALLO: Well Logging Well logging in an exploration borehole (depth 150m) for geotechnical and hydrogeological investigation.
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LOZNICA, Serbia: Well Logging Well logging in 5 exploration boreholes (depth max. 650m).
JUBAIL, Saudi Arabia: Well Logging Well logging in 3 boreholes to detect and characterize waterbearing formations.
SLOVENIA: TV-inspection and Well Logging Technical check of a hydrothermal borehole (depth approx. 850 m).
ZAMZAMA, Pakistan: Analysis of log and test data An analysis of log and test data was made to independently assess this hydrocarbon discovery. Recommendations on further appraisal were made as part of the study.
7.4 x
Licensing and Permissions MARKNESSE GAS FIELD, The Netherlands: Application for a production license Application for a production license of the Marknesse gas field in the NE Polder in the Netherlands. This study includes a calculation of the amount of gas in place and the expected recovery factor.
7.5 x
Monitoring WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project

Main component of the geophysical monitoring study for Phase II, including 4D prestack seismic processing of multiple vintages, rock and fluid analysis for miscible CO2/oil/brine systems, 1D seismic modeling from well logs, 3D seismic modeling from flow simulation data, CO2 pressure/saturation inversion, and uncertainty analysis.
7.6 x
Reservoir Characterization SLEIPNER FIELD, Norway: Seismic Modeling of CO2 Project Study a seismic inversion approach to estimate the Containment of CO2 injected into a reservoir using time-lapse seismic attributes. x WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project Performance of 4D prestack seismic processing and CO2 pressure/saturation inversion for Project Phase I and 4D prestack seismic processing, rock and fluid analysis for miscible CO2 / oil / brine systems, 1D seismic modeling from well logs, 3D seismic modeling from flow simulation data, CO2 pressure/saturation inversion for Project Phase II x DOVER PHASE B, Canada: Worlds most mature SAGD pilot project A thermal simulation model was constructed in STARS and specialized gas-bitumen
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relative permeability curves were developed to model the leakage of non-condensable gasses from the SAGD chamber into the bitumen. x Q AND P QUADRANT, The Netherlands: Reservoir quality study Regional Zechstein reservoir quality study in the Q and P quadrant offshore the Netherlands x VEGA FIELD, Italy: Reservoir simulation of the fractured Jurassic carbonate reservoir The study involved a review of geological data, petrophysics and construction of a reservoir simulation model. x ADAR-YALE, Sudan: Full field reservoir characterization and simulation study reservoir characterisation and simulation study of a clastic reservoir system with complex channelized architecture, from seismic interpretation and well analysis through 3D static model build (RMS), to history matching (Eclipse), drilling, facilities engineering and economics for inclusion in field development planning. x SAZABA, Syria: Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modeling Simulation and history match of a fractured carbonate field containing medium heavy oil and tar mats with some 185 wells. Fracture modeling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, tar mat analysis, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction, and economics. Reservoir modeling used Petrel, simulations use Eclipse. x PARIWALI, Pakistan: Reservoir study A fully integrated reservoir study of a complex fractured reservoir containing a rich gas/condensate. This study covered seismic interpretation, petrophysical evaluation, geological facies and fracture modelling, reservoir simulation incl. history matching, forecasting and economics. x BHIT, Pakistan: Development planning Development planning, involving basic reservoir engineering, deliverability forecasting and reservoir simulation modeling of the Bhit field. The main objectives of the work were to build the simulation model and prepare a preliminary development plan. x BRAVO FIELD IN BLOCK K10, The Netherlands: Gas storage study A gas storage study (production geology and reservoir engineering) in the empty Rotliegend Bravo field in block K10 offshore the Netherlands. x DAKHNI, Pakistan: Full field reservoir characterization and simulation study A full field reservoir characterisation and simulation study of a structurally complex
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fractured carbonate gas reservoir, from seismic interpretation and well analysis through fracture modeling and 3D static model build, to history matching and field development planning. x KHANDKOT, Pakistan: Study of facies and reservoir quality A major study of facies and reservoir quality, conducted on the Sui and Habib Rahi reservoirs, involving detailed core logging and thin section analysis, integration of log and core analysis data and the generation of a reservoir geological model. x MARI, Pakistan: Seismic processing and detailed well studies Seismic processing across the field and detailed well studies of the Habib Rahi reservoir. The studies included sedimentology, facies modeling and structural work, including the identification of potential reserves in a deeper horizon, which was subsequently successfully tested by drilling. x QADIRPUR, Pakistan: Field evaluation An integrated full field evaluation of both the Sui Main and Habib Rahi reservoirs in the Qadirpur field. The objectives of the study were to establish GIIP, reserves and deliverability, and to provide bank finance certification. Prior to carrying out this evaluation, the reserve potential of the Sara discovery was also reviewed. x LINAPACAN West, Philippines: Fracture description and core review Fracture description and core review, conducted as part of an economic evaluation of the Tertiary carbonate reservoir in this field. x SUNGAI GELAM C, Indonesia, Sumatra: Evaluation of well results An evaluation of well results to assist in the understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation and a calculation of oil-in-place, estimation of gas potential and identification of potential drilling locations for further field development x BRIGHTON MARINE, Trinidad: Production engineering study A geophysical, geological, petrophysical, reservoir and production engineering study of a mature, 300+ wells field. The objective was to quality control the geological model, make an independent, probabilistic assessment of STOIIP/remaining reserves, and identify redevelopment scenarios. x CHILE, Panama: Economic review (Coalbed Methane Projects) Economic review of potential coalbed methane projects identified in the Magallenes Basin of Chile and in eastern Panama.
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EKOFISK, Norway: Integrated study An integrated study incorporating new petrophysical and PVT interpretation of wells to address the uncertainty in net hydrocarbon pore volumes. The study included a review of all previous engineering, petrophysical and geological studies, the building of a definitive database and both static and dynamic field models
SIGYN, Norway: Verification of the interpretations of well data Verification of the interpretations of well data, reservoir models, hydrocarbon-in-place and reserves estimates for the Sigyn West and Sigyn East structures, identification of the key uncertainties and sensitivities in the input parameters and assessment of the uncertainties associated with reservoir development.
ELDFISK, Norway: Volumetrics-driven study A volumetrics-driven study comprising a new PVT study and new petrophysical interpretation of flank wells to reassess porosity and hydrocarbon saturation development in the Chalk reservoir, using the new petrophysical data to revise the existing Irap-RMS 3D reservoir model, and generation of revised STOIIP and recoverable reserves estimates.
AASGARD, Norway: Reservoir geological study Reservoir geological study of the Are, Tilje, Ror, Ile and Not Formations of eight wells on the Smrbukk and Smrbukk Sr structures. Comprehensive facies analysis, reservoir zonation, correlation and mapping. Petrographic studies leaching to diagenetic modelling and discussion of porosity/permeability relationships.
OSEBERG, Norway: Mapping Reservoir geological, reservoir engineering and seismic mapping of the Brent Group of Oseberg field, based on approximately 40 wells. Reservoir zonation, correlation and petrophysical parameter mapping were conducted in association with seismic mapping
SKARVE, Norway: Sedimentological description and reservoir characterization Studies involving detailed sedimentological description and reservoir characterization of Middle Jurassic shallow marine and Cretaceous turbiditic sandstone reservoirs. These incorporated the development of a detailed field correlation scheme based on a clear understanding of the regional stratigraphic framework, identification of petrophysically consistent reservoir rock types and determination of probable sand body geometries. The study also included generation of input files for Irap-RMS models and an audit of the resultant static models to ensure consistency with the geological interpretation prior to their use for reservoir engineering
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TROLL, HORDA PLATFORM, Norway: Reservoir geological study A reservoir geological study of the Sognefjord, Fensfjord and Heather Formations from approximately 25 wells on the Troll structure, integrated with biostratigraphic analyses. The study, included comprehensive facies analysis, depositional modeling, reservoir zonation and correlation, was conducted in the clients office.
EMBLA, UK: Sedimentological reservoir geological studies Sedimentological reservoir geological studies of the pre-Jurassic reservoir of the Embla structure and adjacent off-structure wells, integrated with detailed fracture analysis. Comprehensive facies analysis and depositional modeling were used to constrain the reservoir zonation and correlation. Petrographic studies were followed by detailed diagenetic modeling.
FORTIES, UK: Reservoir evaluation An extensive reservoir evaluation conducted during unitisation, including the integration of petrophysical, biostratigraphic, seismic, stratigraphic and sedimentological data, in order to generate an independent reservoir geological model.
HEWETT, UK: Well study A 20 well study of the Zechsteinkalk carbonate reservoir of Hewett field and adjacent areas for development planning and economic evaluation. Core description and petrography were performed, leading to comprehensive facies analysis and depositional modeling. Diagenetic modeling was integrated with detailed fracture analysis to assess controls on permeability distribution and to assist with planning of development well location.
HOCHLEITEN, VIENNA BASIN, Austria: Integrated reservoir modeling and simulation study An integrated reservoir modeling and simulation study on the Middle Miocene fluvial and shallow marine sandstone reservoir interval, encompassing over 35 wells within this highly faulted and fractured onshore field in the Vienna Basin. By integrating reservoir geological, 3D seismic, and production engineering data, the main aim of the study was to produce a reservoir simulation model to identify unswept oil and locations for in-field drilling of wells. This study has been completed and the results have been used in an infill drilling campaign to increase waterflood efficiency and oil recovery with considerable success.
KARATCHOK, Syria: Static and dynamic reservoir modeling Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modelling, simulation and history match of a fractured carbonate field with some 170 wells. Fracture modelling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction, and economics. Reservoir modelling used Petrel, simulations use Eclipse.
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AL HUWAISAH, Oman: Full field reservoir characterization Full field reservoir characterization of the rudistid Shuaiba reservoir, including development of a detailed sequence stratigraphic framework and rock type scheme. The study resulted in a detailed understanding of 3D facies distribution within the reservoir, providing the basis for revised STOIIP calculations and a better understanding of production heterogeneity.
AL NOOR/AL SHOMOU, Oman: Detailed reservoir description Detailed reservoir description, fracture analysis, sedimentological and diagenetic modeling and correlation of the complex siliceous Athel reservoir in a number of structures, including full integration with the clients reservoir geologists and reservoir engineers.
BE, Saudi Arabia: Reservoir characterization study Reservoir characterization study of an undeveloped Middle Jurassic carbonate reservoir, including development of a sequence stratigraphic framework and reservoir layering scheme, recognition of reservoir rock types and mapping of reservoir properties.
SHAYBAH, Saudi Arabia: Detailed description of a rudistid Shuaiba reservoir Detailed description of a rudistid Shuaiba reservoir, including analysis of over 3000 thin sections and description of over 5000 feet of core, and generation of a sequence stratigraphic framework to aid reservoir correlation
DUKHAN, Qatar: Well study A 75 well study of the Arab D reservoir from the giant onshore Dukhan field, involving the description of all cores, integration with wireline logs, development of a comprehensive depositional model, generation of a reservoir layering scheme and fieldwide correlation. Subsequent studies, focusing on the influence/distribution of bitumen within the reservoir, entailed integration of geological, geochemical and petrophysical data throughout the field.
SATAH, Abu Dhabi, UAE: Static and dynamic reservoir modeling Detailed static and dynamic reservoir modeling, simulation and accurate history match of a fractured carbonate field. Core description of over 30 wells, integration with detailed fracture modeling, detailed petrophysical analysis and rock typing, 3D static model construction, simulation/history matching and forward prediction. Reservoir modeling used ResFrac (RC2) and Petrel, simulation using Eclipse.
SE CONSTANTINE BASIN, Algeria: Evaluation of oil and gas fields Evaluation of 15 oil and two gas fields/prospects in fractured Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs, Constantine Basin, Algeria. This was a fully integrated reservoir and prospect evaluation including geophysics, geology, petrophysics, reservoir engineering, drilling and well engineering, facilities engineering and detailed economic analysis.
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NAFOORA-AUGILA, Libya: Well reservoir geological modeling An integrated, 180 well reservoir geological modelling and petrophysical study of a complex, fractured and weathered Precambrian granite, Cretaceous alluvial to marinereworked sandstone (Bahi/Maragh) and Upper Cretaceous (Tagrifet/Rakb) chalky to rudistdominated carbonate reservoir system in the Sirt Basin. This study included core sedimentology, fracture analysis, diagenetic studies, facies interpretation from logs, petrophysical evaluation and interpretation, reservoir layering, depositional modelling, parameter mapping and calculation of a revised STOIIP estimate.
SARIR L, Libya: Well reservoir geological/petrophysical study An integrated, 52 well reservoir geological/petrophysical study of a Lower Cretaceous, mainly fluvial sandstone reservoir (Sarir Sandstone) in the Sarir L field of southeast Sirt Basin, including core sedimentology, log interpretation, integration with structural geology, reservoir modeling and parameter mapping, and estimation of a revised STOIIP
TABAQUITE, Trinidad: Geoscience and reservoir/production engineering study Integrated geoscience and reservoir/production engineering study of a large, mature field with over 150 wells. The purpose was to validate and improve the geological model, make an independent, probabilistic assessment of STOIIP/remaining reserves, and identify sites for future infill drilling.
TROUT, Canada: Field development study A study designed to develop a comprehensive steam-assisted gravity drainage field development plan for this heavy oil field, including individual well production forecasts and a project economic analysis. The study involved construction of a 3D static model using Petrel and thermal reservoir simulation using Star. The study assessed optimum operating pressure and appropriate options for repressurising the existing gas cap.
BARROW ISLAND, Australia: Economic valuation An economic valuation of Barrow Island field and associated exploration acreage in the Northern Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. A data room review allowed recognition of the key value drivers and independent assessment of existing work and production forecasts. The economic model and valuation of assets was used to guide the subsequent bid application.
VARIOUS GAS ACCUMULATIONS, Australia: Technical feasibility study Technical feasibility study of obtaining commercial production from tight gas reservoirs on concessions in Western Australia. The study indicated significant commercial potential from gas accumulations discovered (but not developed) in the 1960s through the early 1980s. A programme of work to address the technical risks and demonstrate commerciality was
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outlined. This programme included acquiring new seismic data, picking an optimal well location, drilling a new well, testing and hydraulically fracture stimulating the well, and conducting a long-term production test. x MOKHITOVSKOYE, Russia: Field evaluation Field evaluation and management for the Mokhitovskoye field development, conducted as an integrated geoscience, reservoir, and petroleum engineering study. This entailed construction of a geological reservoir model using all available log, core and well test data, deterministic and probabilistic reserves estimates, production profiles based on results from a reservoir simulation model, and assessment of reservoir engineering and field operations risks for economic evaluation. x WESTERN SIBERIA, Russia: Analysis of field development plans Analysis of field development plans for a joint venture oil field development in western Siberia. The project involved evaluation of various developments plans to develop budget options for the newly formed joint stock company (Middle Nyurola, Puglalymskoye, Kluchevskoye, Khvoinoe oil fields). 7.7 x Survey SALTCREEK OIL FIELD, Wyoming, USA: Abandoned Oil Well Detection Survey Airborne magnetic survey of a field of over 3000 wells to detect un-recorded, abandoned oil wells for proper closure before CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery. Previously unknown wells discovered accounted for 10-20% of total wells in test area. x ROCKY MOUNTAIN OILFIELD TEST CENTRE, Wyoming, USA: Oil Well and Pipeline Detection Survey Airborne hydrocarbon and CO2 gas detection and magnetic survey to find abandoned and/or leaking oil wells and pipelines.
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APPENDICES
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www.fugro.com
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COMPANY PROFILE
Contents
Introduction Profile Onshore Geotechnical Services Offshore Geotechnical Services International Network Offshore Survey Services Geospatial Services Development & Production Services Airborne Survey Services 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Company
Klaas S. Wester President and Chief Executive Officer
Arnold Steenbakker Director
Andr Jonkman Chief Financial Officer
Paul van Riel Director
Profile Fugro collects and interprets data related to the earths surface and the soil and rocks beneath. On the basis of this the Company provides advice, generally for purposes related to the oil and gas industry, the mining industry and the construction industry, including infrastructure projects. Fugro operates around the world at sea, on land and from the air, using professional, highly specialised staff supported by advanced technologies and systems, many of which have been developed in-house. The equipment Fugro uses to carry out its work includes a large number of vessels, CPT (Cone Penetration Test) and drilling units and aeroplanes and helicopters as well as ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles) and AUVs (Autonomus Underwater Vehicles). Fugros objective is to hold a leading market position due to its technological developments and quality. This requires a strong international or regional market presence.
Introduction Fugro represents a unique combination of talent, technology, teamwork and tools. World-wide, the company offers a complete and high quality range of integrated geotechnical, survey and geoscience services. Fugro works on land, at sea and in the air and has international experience stretching back for more than 40 years. The offshore services are supplied to a global market in which the oil and gas sector predominates. These services make use of a large fleet of vessels. The equipment can work in water depths up to 3,000 metres. Onshore, the services are provided to the building and construction industry, in particular for the infrastructure sector. The airborne services are provided from our specially adapted aircraft and are used by mining companies, oil and gas companies and government departments. No other company offers the expertise and range of services that Fugro has developed. We are proud to introduce Fugro to you.
Fugro N.V.
P.O. Box 41 2260 AA Leidschendam Veurse Achterweg 10 2264 SG Leidschendam The Netherlands Telephone : +31 70 3111422 Fax : +31 70 3202703
www.fugro.com
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Profile
Earth surface
The key factors that contribute to the success of Fugro are quality, technology and teamwork. Quality Fugro provides services of high quality, has a proven track record and remains committed to the success of each assignment it undertakes. Our services are supported by a Quality Management System that ensures that all activities of the Group are carried out in a manner that meets or exceeds the requirements agreed with the client. We are dedicated to a high quality of service to our clients. Fugro has a well-earned reputation for working in hostile environments. However, any risks to the health and safety of our employees and others involved in our projects are minimised by our attention to accident prevention, risk reduction, staff training and health monitoring. Safety Management Systems are in place, which are appropriate to the particular nature and location of our various activities. It is our practice to assess the impact of our operations on the environment and to ensure it is within prescribed limits and as low as practicable. Technology To be able to meet the requirements of our clients we have ongoing research and development programmes covering every aspect of our work. The size of the Fugro group facilitates this and our clients share in the advantages of input to our research wherever they are located and our economies of scale. Fugro brings creativity to the solving of problems. Teamwork The Groups overall policy of decentralisation allows operating companies to function independently and to have direct contact with clients whilst remaining able to call on the resources of the remainder of the Group. Throughout the world, the Group responds to clients requirements speedily and efficiently with a full range of integrated services. Co-operation and teamwork are enhanced by joint projects, exchange of employees and technologies and short management lines.
GEOTECHNICAL SERVICES
Depths
0-100 m
SURVEY SERVICES
0-600 m
GEOSCIENCE SERVICES
0-6,000 m
THE FUGRO GROUP
Geotechnical division
Investigation of and advice regarding the physical characteristics of the soil, foundation design and construction materials.
Survey division
Precise positioning services, geological advice, topographic, hydrographic and geological mapping and support services for offshore and onshore construction projects, as well as data management.
Geoscience division
Acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic and geological data, reservoir modeling and estimation of oil, gas, mineral and water resources and the optimization of their exploration, development and production.
Fugro was founded in 1962 and has been listed on Euronext N.V. in Amsterdam since 1992. The Group has more than 13,000 staff permanently stationed in over 50 countries. Fugro N.V. is the holding company for a large number of operating companies located throughout the world and providing a variety of activities. To promote the efficiency of its operating companies the Groups organisational structure is highly decentralised. The holding companys activities are carried out by a limited number of people. The operating companies enjoy large but well controlled degrees of independence since much of the executive authority and responsibility is delegated to their managers.
Geotechnical Services
Onshore
Geotechnical Services - Onshore/Nearshore Fugros network of strategically located offices enables us to provide timely responses and innovative, cost-effective solutions to meet our clients needs.
Geo- and Structural Monitoring Fugro provides site supervision, field testing and monitoring services during foundation and building construction. The monitoring sensitive or critical services when there is
Major clients Government, industry and construction contractors Market Local/regional markets Market position Strong regional position, varying per country/region Activities probing, drilling and in-situ measurement testing the availability and quality of construction materials geotechnical and environmental laboratory testing construction monitoring data-management consultancy and design assignments related to foundations for buildings, infrastructure projects, industrial complexes and land reclamation as well as hydrological studies
Geotechnical investigations Fugro acquires geotechnical and other data to characterise the subsurface. Data is collected using a variety of in-house methods, tools and sensors ranging from cone penetration testing (CPT), geophysical methods to conventional drilling techniques and borehole tests. Fugro has focused its equipment research and development on efficient methods for assessment of soil and groundwater conditions. Environmental investigations Fugro' s environmental services and state of the art data collection techniques enable our clients to gain good insight into environmental aspects of their projects related to soil and groundwater. Consultancy and Data Management Consultancy services and design assignments are related to foundations for buildings, infrastructure projects, industrial complexes and land reclamation as well as hydrological studies. Moreover, Fugro has centres of expertise for earthquake engineering and water retaining structures. Fugro has long experience with the development of Geographic Information Systems and Geo-ICT applications using industry accepted systems. Material Testing Construction materials testing, a critical component of quality control is conducted in our regional laboratories or in field laboratories constructed for major infrastructure projects.
construction activity nearby is often a requirement to allow project development. Instrumentation within and around excavations, foundations, tunnels and other (geotechnical) structures is carried out during the construction process. Laboratory Services Laboratory testing is an essential element of our geotechnical and environmental analyses. Fugro's regional centres throughout the world have laboratories that are accredited to internationally accepted standards. Testing is performed using state-of-the-art equipment and the latest testing standards. Water Resources and Geohydrology Fugro offers a comprehensive approach to water and water resource management, which includes modeling, groundwater quality and quantity assessments and monitoring. Pavement and Track Engineering In a number of countries Fugro is the leading firm in pavement and track evaluation to optimise maintenance or repair strategies and schedule condition surveys.
Geotechnical Services
Offshore
Marine Geotechnical Investigations Fugro Offshore Geotechnical capabilities make us the largest global supplier of marine geotechnical services. Our fleet of dedicated drillships enables us to provide tailored investigations in all the offshore regions of the world, from the shallow nearshore environment to the newer deepwater plays. Our field data acquisition capabilities are complemented by our other geotechnical services which include desk top studies, advanced laboratory testing, numerical and physical modeling of foundations and consultancy and engineering analyses. When these are combined with our specialists within Fugro who operate in the fields of geology, geophysics and other related geosciences, Fugro can deliver the total package from conceptual design, through installation, operation and field abandonment. Our in-depth experience, technological capability and global spread mean we can provide optimum solutions for the design, installation and operation of offshore facilities, anywhere in the world. Geological Consultancy and Geohazard Services The Fugro Global Geohazards Group provides qualitative and quantitative geohazard analysis and risk assessment for offshore field developments. The geohazards group combines expertise from the survey, geotechnical and geoscience divisions, and includes geoscientists, engineers, and other specialists with extensive and varied offshore experience. A global network of geohazard experts with extensive experience in the field of geohazard identification and analysis allows Fugro to provide comprehensive geohazard assessment for offshore field development anywhere in the world.
Consultancy and Engineering Services Fugro Offshore Geotechnics provides analytical and engineering services for the design and installation of marine structures. A global network of geotechnical experts, standard and advanced soils testing facilities, in-house analysis programs for surface and deep foundations, full 3-D dynamic finite element analysis, and foundation model test facilities, allows Fugro Offshore Geotechnics to provide comprehensive solutions for all foundation and soil mechanics requirements, for coastal and offshore developments. Basic and Advanced Soil Laboratory Testing Fugro Offshore Geotechnics operates a number of specialist soil and rock testing laboratories worldwide. These laboratories offer basic soil analysis through to the more advanced testing required for earthquake design and complex offshore structures. Our soil laboratories are located in The Netherlands, United Kingdom, USA (Houston), Far East, Middle East, Azerbaijan and Nigeria. All our laboratories are accredited guaranteeing that testing and processing of the results are all fully quality controlled. Foundation Analyses of Offshore Structures Fugro Offshore Geotechnics use the latest design methods and our own unique and comprehensive databases on soil and structure performance to provide safe and cost efficient solutions for our clients. We undertake foundation and geotechnical analysis for the design, installation, life performance, upgrades and abandonment of all offshore structures including Renewable Energy Structures.
Major clients Oil and gas companies, telecommunications companies, contractors Market Global market Market position Strong leading position Activities seabed investigations advising on foundations for offshore structures, tunnels, bridges and harbour construction collecting data for a variety of purposes including the laying of underwater pipelines and communications cables monitoring large structures such as offshore platforms, bridges and tunnels
International Network
Co-ordination The different activities of the Group are carried out in many places around the world. Although operating companies enjoy large degrees of independence, they do not stand or operate alone. Throughout the world the different companies within each business line work closely together and co-ordinate the deployment of resources and the development of new services and products. Exchange There is an intensive co-operation and exchange of information, equipment and staff not only within each business line but also with the rest of the Group. The introduction of standard procedures, equipment and tools improves efficiency, co-operation and exchanges. The requirements of clients can be met quickly and efficiently without requiring operational companies to have the full range of Fugro services available locally and without involving additional outside resources unnecessarily. Integrated Projects Much attention is given to optimising and streamlining the contribution of Fugro in projects where various services and companies from different countries work together. If required Fugro can quickly gather many resources from other locations. This allows the Group to undertake large, complex integrated projects and to be able to offer Fugro services as a seamless one-stop-shop.
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Survey Services
Offshore
Positioning Services The precise determination of position is fundamental to all successful survey and engineering operations at sea. Fugro provides a range of decimetre accuracy positioning services both on the sea surface, using Starfix Differential GPS, and beneath the
Pipeline Route Surveys Detailed corridor mapping surveys allow engineers to design cost-efficient, practical and safe routes for the installation of oil and gas pipelines, flowlines, umbilicals and telecommunication cables. High resolution geophysical surveys with seabed sampling
Major clients Oil and gas companies, telecommunications companies Market Global market Market position Leading position Activities positioning services using GPS (terrestrial) and acoustic (underwater) sytems geophysical surveys to map shallow geological features and hazards route and site investigations (pipeline and cables) marine construction survey support acoustic and visual pipeline inspection surveys oceanographic and metocean measurements and studies LiDAR system ROV support services
waves using specialist underwater positioning systems. Fugros satellite-based services are used by the offshore oil industry to precisely position ships, rigs, platforms and other installations. Derivative services serve other marine activities, including defence, telecommunications, dredging and other marine civil engineering projects, vessel tracking and fleet management. Construction Support Services Innovative technological solutions, a highly skilled workforce and a track record of success working with the major construction companies, makes Fugro the company of choice for the provision of offshore construction survey support services. Fugros specialist survey vessels are equipped with a comprehensive array of systems, along with work class and survey class ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles), capable of supporting a variety of subsea tasks. Geophysical Surveys Detailed surveys and assessments of the seabed and sub-seabed are critical to the cost-effective design of marine structures and subsea installations. Fugros international fleet of strategically located geophysical survey vessels and state of the art AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) provide cost effective data acquisition covering all water depths.
and testing from Fugro's vessels and AUVs permit detailed examination of the seafloor topography and provide information on the seabed structure. ROV Intervention, Survey and Inspection Predominantly designed and built in-house to fulfil the full range of service demands of our global client base, the Fugro ROV fleet includes some of the most technologically advanced, deep water, systems available today. Operating from drilling rigs, construction barges, specialist intervention vessels or Fugro ROV support vessels, we have the ROV capability to match the need. In base form, the Work Class ROVs are outfitted with both 7 and 5 function manipulators, navigation cameras, lights, sonar and enough developed bollard pull to operate in the most demanding of environments. Oceanography and Meteorology A good understanding of oceanographic and meteorological (metocean) conditions reduces uncertainty in engineering specifications, provides help in operational planning, leads to reduced costs, and enhances safety and operational efficiency. Fugro is the global leader in the provision of commercial metocean services.
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Survey Services
Geospatial Services
Geospatial Services Fugros geospatial business comprises terrestrial survey, airborne sensing and mapping, GNSS augmentation, and geographic information services. We offer complete solutions related to the acquisition, interpretation, and presentation of geospatial data, as well as satellite-based position and tracking systems. Terrestrial Survey Fugro staff carry out conventional land survey activities for cadastral and property surveys. Airborne Sensing and Mapping Fugros dedicated fleet of fixed- and rotarywing aircraft operate worldwide to collect detailed information about the earths surface. Our sophisticated airborne imaging, laser, and radar mapping systems serve customers in engineering, natural resources management, environmental stewardship, land-use planning, defense, and disaster response applications. FLI-MAP Fugros FLI-MAP system (Fast Laser Imaging and Mapping Airborne Platform) is a high-density lidar mapping system mounted on a helicopter. It is ideally suited for surveying corridors such as railroad tracks, electricity lines, pipelines, as well as confined areas such as city centers and oil refineries.The helicopter can easily access remote or dangerous locations without endangering survey crews.
GeoSAR Operating day or night and penetrating clouds and foliage, Fugros GeoSAR radar mapping system rapidly produces highresolution DEMs and radar imagery over regions previously considered inaccessible due to weather, size, and terrain. GeoSARs products support a variety of applications, including topographic mapping, flood modeling, environmental protection, economic development, forestry, agriculture, oil and gas exploration, and archeology. GNSS Augmentation Fugro develops and operates satellite-based position and tracking system and offers provisions for related services worldwide. Accurate real-time positioning is a crucial element of many of Fugros survey, geoscience and geotechnical operations. Our worldwide GPS augmentation infrastructure supports both internal and external users. Geospatial Information Services Fugro offers a wide range of GIS, visualization, and 3D modeling capabilities designed to help customers better understand and manage land, physical infrastructure, and natural resources.
Major clients Government, oil & gas, rail, utilities, engineers, asset managers, defence, emergency services, mining & construction. Market Global/regional/ local markets Market position Strong position in certain regions Activities traditional land survey engineering, construction and mining surveys topographic surveys mapping and map revision GPS control surveys dimensional control and structural monitoring aerial imagery acquisition and processing digital mapping GIS solutions geo-spatial data registration and management
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FLI-MAP corridor laser mapping fixed-wing laser mapping (LiDAR) coastal and near coastal laser mapping (laser bathymetry) regulatory & ecological assessment surveys 15
Geoscience Services
Development & Production
Seismic and Gravity Seismic surveys continue to be the fundamental technology to seek out oil and gas reservoirs and to determine subsurface structure. Fugros seismic business operates within the marine environment for 2D, 3D and 4D acquisition whilst the processing and interpretation
geological, geophysical, petrophysical and engineering skills combined with unique integrated subsurface interpretation and modeling software. The objective is to substantially reduce the risks and costs associated with field appraisal, development and production.
Major clients Oil and gas companies Market Global market Market position Strong leading niche positions Activities marine seismic, gravity/magnetics data acquisition, processing and interpretation exploration services reservoir services (integrated reservoir characterisation) non-exclusive surveys, reports and data sets data management and GIS services
business lines cover all aspects of land and marine data. In addition to seismic, Fugro provides full services for marine gravity and magnetics data. Proprietary software solutions are applied both on board and in full processing centres. To obtain maximum value from seismic and gravity data, Fugro offers a complete range of software for integrated interpretation with geophysical, geological and well data. Exploration Services Fugros exploration services combine the expertise from the key disciplines of seismic and non-seismic geophysics, and structural and petroleum geology supported, as required, by specialists skills (stratigraphers, geochemists, sedimentologists, petrophysicists, reservoir engineers and economists). Fugro provides a full service in all aspects of exploration including basin and prospect evaluation. Reservoir Services Reservoir services assist in developing oil and gas reservoirs through the integration of well, geologic and seismic data, application of advanced reservoir characterisation technology, reservoir modelling and field development planning. Fugros geoscience reservoir services draw on extensive
Non-Exclusive Data Fugro acquires and maintains large, global databases of a wide range of non-exclusive data in support of oil and gas exploration. The global databases include petroleum systems based on data sets of geochemical, sedimentological, stratigraphic, fields and licenses information. Further, a wide range of data reports is available in support of new ventures. In the geophysical data area, Fugro has a vast global library of acquired seismic and gravity data and reprocessed seismic data. To further complement its proprietary data, Fugro also offers global data brokerage services. Data Management Fugro has, through its core-operations, developed a strong technical focus on data management. These secure services employ proprietary, state-ofthe-art solutions and cover specialist areas such as web based technologies, GIS and knowledge management. These technologies are applied in Fugros global data warehousing services.
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Geoscience Services
Airborne survey
Airborne Survey Services The Airborne group has over 25 aircraft world-wide equipped with magnetometers and gamma-ray spectrometers, a further five aircraft with dedicated electromagnetic (EM) systems, as well as numerous helicopter EM and magnetometer installations. A recent innovation has been the expansion of the fleet to include unmanned airborne vehicles (UAVs) equipped with magnetometers. The Groups main offices are located in Australia, Brazil, Canada and South Africa. Geological Mapping and Petroleum Surveys The magnetometer and gamma-ray spectrometer installations are typically used for resource inventory mapping surveys, mineral exploration and structural mapping for petroleum surveys. Fugro has completed large mapping projects in Africa, Australia and the Americas to assist in geological mapping in areas where there is limited outcrop. Using aeromagnetics, the underlying structure can be mapped to depths of several kilometres to assist the petroleum geologist in planning follow-up seismic surveys. Recently, electromagnetic surveying has been used for mapping shallow gas deposits in paleochannels.
Mineral Exploration In addition to the use of aeromagnetics to assist in geological mapping, electromagnetics plays an important role in locating conductive mineral deposits such as massive sulphides (base metals and precious metals), as well as locating diamond-bearing kimberlites. Fugro develops and manufactures its own EM equipment that is either permanently installed on the five dedicated aircraft, or can be installed on a helicopter. Depending on the system used, the depth of exploration can range from near surface to over 500 metres. The EM data can be inverted to create cross sections of the subsurface as an interpretation tool. Environmental and Geotechnical Surveys Both magnetic and electromagnetic techniques can be used to help solve environmental problems such as contaminated waste sites (pollution associated with mine tailings ponds), aquifer mapping for water resources, and saline intrusion in rural agricultural settings. In addition, Fugros proprietary EM technology has been used for shallow bathymetric mapping in areas such as Australias Sydney harbour and to provide geotechnical information on flood defences. Its proprietary magnetic technology has been used for the location of unexploded ordnance in military test ranges.
Major clients Mining and oil and gas companies Market Global market Market position Strong leading position Activities mineral and diamond exploration location of aquifers for water, and saline layer detection for agriculture structural mapping for oil and gas deposits, as well as shallow gas exploration environmental and engineering surveys and shallow bathymetric mapping collection of geophysical data (including advanced magnetic, gammaray spectrometer and electromagnetic methods) to assist in the creation of geological maps
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Processing Services - Overview
From the time processing of field data, through structural and stratigraphic inversion, to production focused offerings such as reservoir monitoring, Fugro Seismic Imaging [FSI] offers a full range of processing and analysis service in the time, depth and attribute domains for 2D, 3D and 4D datasets from marine, land and transition zone environments. Service offerings include: Data Processing: From Field Tapes to final Migrations Structural Inversion: Depthdomain modelling and migration Amplitude Analysis: AVO analysis and interpretation Reservoir monitoring: 4D/time-lapse processing and analysis Seismic Inversion: Acoustic and Elastic Impedance Inversion
Image courtesy: FMCS
FSIs data processing services - the generation of high-resolution seismic sections and volumes - are based upon a highly experienced and dedicated team of geophysicists backed by continuing investment in both software development and system resources. Through this intensive and on-going investment, FSI has the software, hardware and experience to deliver world class geophysical results. FSI, globally active with processing centres worldwide, has the presence, resources and flexibility to tailor its operation from the requirements of an individual asset team to corporate partnerships. Time-domain processing services: FSI commenced data processing operations in the early 1970s and in the course of nearly forty years of continuous operations, has acquired a wealth of global experience and expertise in the processing of datasets from land, marine, transition zone, OBC and borehole environments. Service options for the processing of data cover both standard workflows, as well as a number of specialised/ proprietary offerings such as GeoQube and High-Resolution Short-Offset. Structural inversion and depth imaging: FSI has successfully undertaken pre-Stack Depth Migration projects from many offshore areas including the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water Brazil, the UK, Norwegian and Dutch sectors of the North Sea, West Africa, the Mediterranean, Australia and Indonesia. Recent onshore projects have come from the UK, Europe, India, Pakistan and Africa. 4D/Time-lapse analysis: 4D/time-lapse technology addresses a wide variety of reservoir management issues, including detection of by-passed hydrocarbons and any associated issues of sub-surface compartmentalization, monitoring waterflood & steam injection programs, CO2 sequestration monitoring. Amplitude-versus-offset/angle analysis: FSI offers AVO/AVA analysis of 2D and 3D seismic data, for purposes of fluid and lithological prediction. A wide range of approaches are available including Shuey, Smith & Gidlow, Fatti and Aki & Richards for the generation of attributes such as normal incidence, gradient/constrained gradient, P- & S-wave reflectivity, fluid factor and pseudo-Poissons ratio. Seismic Inversion: Projects have been undertaken for both exploration and appraisal purposes as well as generating the precursor products for lithotyping studies, reservoir characterization and geological modelling.
Image courtesy: Shell Australia
Image courtesy: Crown Minerals, New Zealand
Processing services are primarily based on FSIs proprietary software, in particular, Uniseis and MGIVA. With a thirty-five year history of continuous development, regularly re-written to take advantage of the latest developments in IT, Uniseis is one of the seismic industrys most extensive, robust and highly field-proven processing systems.
FSI is a leading geophysical contractor and, as part of the Fugro Geoscience Division, an integral member of one of the worlds largest and most progressive geoscience service organizations.
MGIVA velocity analysis system
www.fugro-fsi.com
No other company offers the same comprehensive range of Geotechnical, Survey and Geoscience services.
Depth Processing
Creation of the model A typical starting point for model creation would be the Dix-conversion of an existing RMS velocity field. Best-practice constrains the inversion to avoid unstable and, potentially, non-physical interval velocity solutions emerging. First, an overall velocity trend field is established, calibrated using well log data. The results are then interpolated/extrapolated to produce a regular and finely spaced grid of interval velocities. A key element of FSI depth modelling workflows is the incorporation of corrections for anisotropic effects. Wireline data is combined with seismic data to derive values for anisotropic parameters. Updating Tomography, layer-based or grid, is the most commonly employed methodology for updating and improving interval velocity/depth models. The degree of non-flatness observed in primary events is quantified, allowing corrections to velocity and/or depth are established.
Simplified Depth workflow
Optimised processing velocities
Constrained conversion: RMS to Interval
Combine velocities and interpretations: Initial isotropic model
Combine with borehole data: Initial anisotropic model
Iteratively: Image TO lines
Quantify cost-function to be minimized
Minimize cost function: tomography
Update model
Finalize
Intermediate caclulations, as required
Image full volume
Post-Migration processing
Imaging FSI also offers a wide variety of migration algorithms, both proprietary and third-party. Algorithms include Kirchhoff, Wavefield Extrapolation (WE) and common-reflection angle. In addition, FSI R&D are currently engaged in developing a number of high-end algorithms, such as Reverse Time.
Comparison: pre-STM vs. pre-SDM
www.fugro-fsi.com
4D / Time-lapse
Correctly processed, time-lapse volumes can provide quantitative estimates of dynamic reservoir properties, with associated uncertainty analyses. By integrating this information with other geoscience and engineering data, improved models, both static and dynamic, can be created. Reservoir management decisions are more informed with consequent benefits for the future performance of the asset.
Engineering
4D/time-lapse technology addresses a wide variety of reservoir management issues, including: - detection of by-passed hydrocarbons - monitoring waterflood & steam injection programs - CO2 sequestration monitoring - sub-surface compartmentalization
Engineering: Generation of property maps such as pressure and saturation will allow improved prediction of flow patterns.
A number of tools are available to reservoir management teams for optimization of the value of the asset. 3D seismic collected over the course of the field development provides a dataset of high potential value. However, there are a number of factors, ranging from the choice of seismic acquisition parameters (for example, towed streamer versus OBC), the intrinsics of the geology to the nature of the reservoir fluids which mean that the realization of this potential value is not guaranteed.
Geology
FSI has a toolkit of software and methodologies for assessing, in a quantified manner, whether the asset is likely to benefit from time-lapse analysis. These range in sophistication from a simple spreadsheet analysis to a full feasibility study, involving production scenario modelling, seismic reinterpretation, uncertainty analysis and risk assessment.
Geology: Identification of sub-surface features such as large fractures, faults and karst features which can cause drilling and production problems.
4D/time-lapse processing flows are designed to minimize the differential impact of the flow on the individual datasets. Where differences are observed, their origin needs to be identified and understood. In practice, this involves the application of both additional quality control metrics over conventional 3D processing and also of convergence tests. The aim is to progressively eliminate all differences unrelated to production. Completed correctly, all differences should have their origins in such factors as fluid movement, pressure and saturation changes. In outline: - simultaneous processing of base and monitor volumes - continuous cross-volume assessment - quantification of differences between volumes - identification of their possible causes - rectification/elimination of spurious effects - confirm convergence away from reservoir/target zone
Geophysics
The imaged volumes are now subject to post-processing and analysis. First and foremost will be the quantification of reservoir property changes and the generation of difference maps at the reservoir level. Typical uses of these would be in the mapping of by-passed hydrocarbons, to monitor waterflood/steam injection programs and provide the basis for a detailed study of sub-surface compartmentalization.
Geophysics: Analysis of changes in p-wave amplitudes with azimuth can be used to infer the orientation of dominant fractures.
The reflectivity data, both pre- and post-stack, can be further used as input to a variety of post-processing studies, under the general heading of inversion. By combining the seismic data with other geoscience datasets, such as core analyses, fluid samples, PVT data, borehole seismic & well logs, quantitative estimates of such reservoir attributes as pressure and saturation can be derived, along with associated uncertainties, allowing an appropriate weight to be put on their contribution.
4D projects have been performed by FSI for fields in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, West Africa, the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea and Australia. Studies have also been conducted over onshore assets in the US (Texas and California), Canada, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.
www.fugro-fsi.com
Realistic, Highly Detailed 3D Numerical Models of Rock and Reservoir Properties

StatMod MC combines geostatistics and advanced statistical physics with innovative seismic inversion methods to integrate disparate data from multiple sources and generate reservoir models that can be used to reliably quantify uncertainty for risk assessment and reduction. StatMod MC goes beyond traditional geostatistics and seismic inversion to: Integrate high resolution well data with low resolution 3D seismic Improve the vertical detail over deterministic seismic inversions
StatMod MC
Far greater vertical detail than available from standard seismic inversions
Produce reservoir property models with geologically-plausible shapes Quantify model uncertainty for scenario analysis and risk assessment Generate highly detailed petrophysical models ready for input to reservoir ow simulation With StatMod MC, geologists, geophysicists and other geoscientists can build highly detailed realistic 3D numerical reservoir models with more accurate estimates of uncertainty and less bias.
Integration of high resolution well data with low resolution 3D seismic
High vertical detail near and away from well control
Generation of reservoir models with geologically plausible shapes
Quantication of uncertainty to assess risk

Comparison of the amount of detail in seismic data, deterministic inversion, and StatMod MC. For larger bodies, StatMod MC agrees with the deterministic inversion as expected, but StatMod MC provides far more detail on thin layers beyond the seismic bandwidth.
Generation of highly-detailed petrophysical models ready for input to reservoir ow simulation
JOINT INVERSION OF IMPEDANCE AND LITHOFACIES

StatMod MC simultaneously inverts for impedance and discrete property types, or lithofacies, instead of taking a two-step approach as is done by conventional inversion and geomodelling algorithms. Not only does simulating lithofacies and impedance realisations in one sweep save time as opposed to doing so sequentially, it also enhances the accuracy of the results as signicant synergies between the two can be leveraged during the inversion. Once such highly detailed models of impedance and lithofacies have been generated, any number of additional petrophysical properties (e.g. porosity) can be jointly cosimulated from them.
www.fugro-jason.com
HOW IT WORKS
The way StatMod MC conceptually works is deceptively simple and consists of the following steps: 1. Statistical Modelling. Each source of input information (e.g., wells, cores, seismic) is represented in the form of a probability distribution function (PDF) characterised in geostatistical terms (histograms and variograms). The histograms and variograms are obtained from log analysis, rock physics modelling and geological insight. The histograms dene the likelihood of different values at any given point, while the variograms give essentially the characteristic scale and texture of the geological features in lateral and vertical directions. 2. Bayesian Inference. Bayesian inference techniques are used to merge these individual PDFs together and obtain a posterior PDF conditioned on all known and assumed information. This posterior PDF represents the overlap between all of the input PDFsthink of it as some sort of evidence fusion. The advantage of this approach is that the weight assigned to each input data source is automatically determined by the algorithm, thus removing subjectivity. 3. Inversion and Cosimulation. A customized Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to obtain statistically fair samples from the posterior PDF. A fair sample in this case means volumes of rock and reservoir properties of interest (e.g., P-impedance, lithotype, porosity, water saturation). Because all of the input data is effectively inverted simultaneously, signicant synergies can be exploited, thus producing models that are of greater detail, accuracy and realism than otherwise possible. The Geostatistical Inversion and cosimulation procedures are iterated until a model is found that matches all information, from geological expectations to well logs, seismic, and production history. 4. Uncertainty Assessment. Estimates of uncertainty are made by producing a series of slightly different realizations and scenarios. Different realisations are produced by repeating the above steps with different random seeds. Different scenarios are produced by targeting the uncertainty in the more sensitive parameters. Together, such analyses give an intuitive and accurate handle on development risk and uncertainty, given what is known about the subsurface.
UNCERTAINTY
Geostatistical Inversion makes it possible to generate multiple predictions, each of which honours the known input information and is a plausible model of what the reservoir might look like. This is a signicant advantage. Multiple plausible predictions provide an intuitive understanding of uncertainty associated with any given model. An accurate understanding of uncertainty is critical for risk assessment, scenario analyses and sensitivity analyses. These evaluations depend on the ability to identify which data sources are most likely to reduce the overall uncertainty prediction and to properly weight redundant data. For example, well data is almost always preferentially clustered in higher pay areas. The redundancy of the information coming from such wells needs to be properly accounted for in order to avoid biasing the predictions. Once uncertainty is adequately captured, different realisations and scenarios can be ranked-only then can risk be evaluated and informed decisions be made.
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Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved.
All product names and trademarks are property of their respective owners.
www.fugro-jason.com
RockMod Geostatistical AVA Inversion

RockModTM forms the core of the newest Fugro-Jason Reservoir Characterisation consultancy offering. This service is based on a new algorithm, our sixth major algorithmic innovation since the companys founding 20 years ago. Our approach to Reservoir Characterisation and Modelling has always been to combine as much data and information about the reservoir as possible into a single model of the earth. RockMod combines Simultaneous AVA (angle stacks) and Geostatistical Inversion in a single algorithm, yielding a model of the reservoir that is unparalleled in accuracy and detail.
RockMod
AVA Geostatistical Inversion
Seismic AVA Stack 1

Stack 1 Wavelet
Seismic AVA Stack 2

Stack 2 Wavelet
Seismic AVA Stack 3

Stack 3 Wavelet
Seismic AVA Stack n

Stack n Wavelet
Well logs
Reservoir Identication Maps and Models of Lithofacies at Fine Scale Detail
grams Histograms
RockMod AVA
Variograms
Geostatistical Inversion
P-Impedance P-Impedance P-Impedance P-Impedance S-Impedance S-Impedance S-Impedance S-Impedance Density Density Density Density LambdaRho LambdaRho LambdaRho LambdaRho
Constraints/ C Stratigraphic Model
Features Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Technology
Lithology Logs
Horizons
Customer Inputs Computed Inputs Outp Outputs u uts ut
Reservoir Property Indication: Lithology, Velocity, Fluid Saturations
RockMod Project Workow
V /V V /V V /V p p V /V p sss p s Lithology Lithology Lithology L ithology y Lithology
MuRho MuRho MuRho MuRho

Fluids and d d Fluids and F Flu Fl lui lu ids id dsand an a nd Fluids and Fluids Saturations Saturations Saturations Saturations
Reservoir Quality Indication Maps and Models of Reservoir Porosity, Net-to-Gross Maps, Net Pay Thickness Maps
Realistic Uncertainty Analysis as all realisations honour all input data
In essence, RockMod is knowledge-constrained geologic model building. It uses Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods to build a series of highly detailed numerical models of the reservoir zone that all agree with all of the input data, including (pre-stack) seismic amplitude data, well logs, petrophysical relationships, and geologic inferences about reservoir trends, shape, thickness, and lateral extent.
ROCKMOD BENEFITS
Economic Risk Assessment Probability Models (P10, P50, P90, for example) based on Multiple Realisation Modelling
The resulting models are plausibly detailed at ne scale sampling, yet also provide coherent interpretations at the seismic scale, and on up to the km scale. Informational synergies (geostatistical and other relationships) allow substantial increases in detail - details well beyond the seismic bandwidth. The lithology cube output from RockMod facilitates automatic interpretation/body-checking for reservoir units. With this capability, more accurate geologic models can be built in half the time and are easily updated with new wells. By providing multiple, realistic scenarios, RockMod gives both tangible and intuitive indications of development risk.
www.fugro-jason.com
MCMC
MCMC is well suited for inversion problems. Other Geostatistical Inversion methods that use sequential simulation arent and cant be statistically correct. This is because the approximations on which sequential simulation is based break down once the grid has been lled.
Strong wavelet effects at layer boundaries When we mapped the [RockMod] attributes on different horizons, the shapes we saw for the anomalies were the way you would expect. The geomorphology looked correct and we obtained much more detail than what we were getting previously. - Anadarko Petroleum RockMod Porosity Model Identifable prospects at boundary interfaces Three porosity layers identied
RockMod was used to nd the porosity distribution in this West Texas eld.
Seismic Data
The RockMod results for this deepwater GOM eld show geobodies with the shape and lateral continuity expected in this geologic setting.
~3km
300m
High
P-Wave Impedance
500m
RockMod produces models with signicantly higher vertical resolution than is possible using deterministic methods.
Low Gamma Ray
Images courtesy of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation and The University of Texas at Austin Research Consortium on Formation Evaluation.
A4H7
Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved.
All product names and trademarks are property of their respective owners.
www.fugro-jason.com
www.fugro-robertson.com
The Technical Services Group at FRL offers the following expertise, either independently or in collaboration with the Exploration, Reservoir and Geophysics/Structural Geology Groups:
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
Wellsite and routine stratigraphic services ( m i c r o p a l a e o n t o l o g y, p a l y n o l o g y a n d nannofossils) High resolution reser voir stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphic evaluation Palaeoenvironmental analysis Biosteering (Stratsteer) of horizontal wells (clastic and carbonate) Po s t - c o m p l e t i o n h o r i z o n t a l w e l l p a t h determination Stratigraphy to Seismic (StS)
CORE MAGNETICS
Magpore helps you Go with the flow...
Core re-orientation Sand source directions and sandbody geometry Fracture orientations Microfracture network characterisation using Magpore method Permeability anisotropy using Magpore method Magnetostratigraphy Rock magnetic properties n situ stress determination
Maximum permeability direction, determined from pore long axis alignment
Coloured pore long axis distribution, determined by MAGPORE
CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY
Inorganic geochemical analysis by XRF, ICP or QEMSCAN Correlation of barren sequences where other stratigraphic techniques are poor Complement conventional biostratigraphy to maximise resolution High resolution sequence stratigraphy Facies description and analysis Understand diagenetic changes and depositional history Individual well to basin scale Layering for input into static modelling Wellsite (Chemsteer) and in-countr y applications Model changes in provenance
Maximum permeability direction, determined by direct measurements
FUGRO ROBERTSON
GEOCHEMISTRY
Reservoir geochemical correlation studies Source rock quality and distribution studies Maturity determination using kerogen and apatite fission track studies Thermal and migration modelling in 1D, 2D and 3D Oil correlation studies for generative petroleum systems evaluation Source rock prediction from logs Surface geochemistry Oil store Microbial geochemistry
SEDIMENTOLOGY
Core and outcrop description High resolution sequence stratigraphy Reservoir quality (clastic and carbonate including chalky facies) High resolution facies architecture (clastic and carbonate) Petrographic and diagenetic studies Specialist diagenetic studies (SEM, CL, XRD, fluid inclusions) Quantitative pore size distribution (image analysis) SGR correlation (Gammastrat and Gammafacies) High resolution core petrophysics - Core-PET High resolution FMI interpretation and upscaling into seismic Full field correlation input for reservoir modelling Drainage network analysis and hinterland modelling
PETROLEUM LABORATORIES
Petroleum geochemistry, including rock eva/6 source rock evaluations (>300,000 samples processed to date) Biostratigraphic sample preparation Petrographic sample preparation Hotshot service Wellsite laboratory support
QEMSCAN
Quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy 12000 mineral analyses per minute 24 hour operation Objective discrimination of mineral types using robust statistical software Chemostratigraphy Microfossil targeting and imaging Rock properties (including porosity and specific gravity evaluation) Rapid cuttings analysis/screening
General Information
Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

Why Environmental Impact Assessment in Development Consent Procedures? Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is mandatory for all public and private projects which are likely to have significant adverse effects on the environment. Therefore EIA is required for all projects funded by international financial lending institutions such as IFC, IBRD, EDF, UNIDO and so on. EIA aims to assess the effects of projects in order to avoid, reduce, mitigate and, if possible, remedy the significant adverse effects on health, social and socio-economic conditions of man, landscape, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors and material assets as well as archaeological heritages. The significance of the effects depend on the nature, design, size and location of the project. Projects which often require an EIA are quarries and open-pit mines, construction of oil platforms and crudeoil refineries, installations for storage and pipelines for the transport of gas, oil or chemical products, construction of overhead electrical power lines and for long-distance traffic (railways, motorways, inland waterways), construction of airports and waste disposal installations. According to national legislation of each country most projects must undergo a development consent procedure and EIA is a necessary part of that procedure. In order to realize a project the developer has to make an application for development consent. Normally the developer submits the environmental information to the competent authorities together with the application for development consent. The application includes a technical plan for the construction work and an Environmental Impact Study (EIS). The EIA procedure comprises three different stages: screening, scoping and the EIS. All stages are undertaken by the developers EIS team.
Consultancy and Preparation of Screening-Reports Screening is the part of the EIA process which determines whether an EIA is required for a particular project. The competent authority must make the decision on the basis of the project information provided by the developer/ applicant and the EIS team. Most countries established statutory thresholds and criteria for projects below which EAI is not required. But if a project for
Environmental objectives of the EIA

reference for the environmental studies to be undertaken to compile that information. In most countries Scoping is not made mandatory but the developer may request a Scoping Opinion from the competent authority. In preparing the Scoping Opinion, there will be consultations with the environmental authorities. After consultations the competent authority will then issue a Scoping Opinion to the developer which forms the terms of reference for the EIS. The Scoping Opinion identifies the types of environmental impacts to be investigated. They may also cover: alternatives which should be considered; baseline surveys and investigations which should be carried out; methods and criteria to be used for prediction and evaluation of effects; mitigation measures which should be considered; organisations to be consulted during the environmental studies; the structure, content and length of the environmental information (EIS).
Mining Area: subject to Environmetal Impact Assessement (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
the first time meets or exceeds defined thresholds an EAI must be carried out. Thresholds may help in the decision making process but in most cases it is not easy to determine whether a project is likely to have significant effects on the environment, especially when there are just changes in existing installations. Very often the EIA requirement must be considered on a caseby-case decision. Site assessment and a compilation of environmental data are necessary to identify sensitive locations and protected areas.
Consultancy and Preparation of Scoping-Reports Scoping is an early stage in the process and is designed to ensure that the environmental study provides all the relevant information. Scoping will identify the matters to be covered in the environmental information and specifies the content and the extend of the necessary investigations. It defines the scope of work for the developer and his EIA-team to be submitted to the competent authority and the terms of
Consultancy and Preparation of Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) The information which is to be provided by the developer and his EIA-team include at least: 1. Description of the project, a description of the physical characteristics of the whole project
bald eagle
orchid (ladys-slipper)
lizard
Profile of Services provided by FUGRO FUGRO CONSULT GMBH offers within its wide range of environmental consultancy services a complete package for development consent procedures and environmental impact studies for nearly all project-types, including screening and scoping reports as well as baseline data collection, field surveys, laboratory analyses, ecological mapping and preparing Environmental Management Plans (EMP). Our major clients are the mining sector and the chemical/gas/oil industry as well as developers of infrastructure projects all over the world. FUGRO operates worldwide in association with their network of regional FUGRO offices. The preparation of an EIS requires a multi-disciplinary approach because of the variety of impact receptors. Our staff consists of environmental scientists, biologists, chemists, engineers, geologists and landscape architects and has a long-term national and international experience, providing integrated advice in current and impending legislation. The FUGRO stuff is highly experienced in managing major projects and preparing application documents in compliance to international guidelines and safeguard requirements (i. e. Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment OP 4.01) and according to national laws and regulations.
Key stages of developement consent procedure with Environmetal Impact Assessement (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
and the land-use requirements during the construction and operational phases, a description of the main characteristics of the production processes, for instance, nature and quantity of the materials used, an estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation, etc.) resulting from the operation of the proposed project.
2. Outline of the main alternatives 3. Description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the proposed project, 4. Description and an evaluation of the likely significant effects of the proposed project on the environment 5. Description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and offset significant effects on the environment 6. Non-technical summary of the information provided under the above headings.
ring snake
fly agaric
frigate bird

Off-shore oil platform: subject to Environmetal Impact Assessement (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
References 1. Preparation of the application documents for the brown coal mining operations, the water refill of the open mining pit and the water body improvement of Lake Cottbus (Germany) including EIS, regional planning and remediation of landscape (Client: Vattenfall Europe Mining AG, 2000 2006 2. Development of different offshore production platforms, onshore pro-
cessing facilities and a gas export pipeline system from Qatar to the United Arab Emirates (Client: Dolphin Energy Ltd., 2002 2004) 3. Development of proposed subsea gas pipeline between Ras Laffan in Qatar and Taweelah in Abu Dhabi (Client: Saipem Dolphin, 2004 2006) and 4. Construction of the Pipeline route to Ras Laffan land fall point Qatar (Client: Qatar Shell GTL Ltd., 2003)
oystercatcher starfish
FUGRO CONSULT GMBH Umwelt Geotechnik Analytik Fachbereich Bergbau/Infrastruktur Wolfener Strae 36 V 12681 Berlin
Tel. 49-030-93651-324 Fax 49-030-93651-300 e-mail h.zick@fugro.de www.fugro.de www.fugro.com
FUGRO CONSULT GmbH is a member of the Fugro Group, with offices throughout the world U3-1-3e
Tier- und Pflanzenfotos S. 2 4: Herbert Zick
WELL LOGGING - AN OVERVIEW
ABI CAM CAL3, CAL4 CBL CCL CLS CSS DEV (D)FEL DFS FLOW SFLOW FCON FTEMP FTM FWSON GGD IEL MAL NGR NL OBI OXI PH RES SAM SP TRL
ACOUSTIC BOREHOLE IMAGER CAMERA
Depth [m]
CALIPER, 3-ARM, 4-ARM CEMENT BOND LOG CASING COLLAR LOCATOR CAVITY LASER SCANNER CAVITY SONAR SCANNER
120
DEVIATION (DUAL) FOCUSED ELECTRIC LOG DARKFIELD SONDE FLOWMETER FLOWMETER WITH SKIRT FLUID CONDUCTIVITY FLUID TEMPERATURE FOTOMETRIC LOG
130
FULL WAVE SONIC GAMMA GAMMA DENSITY INDUCTION ELECTRIC LOG MAGNETIC LOG NATURAL GAMMA RAY NEUTRON LOG OPTICAL BOREHOLE IMAGER OXYGEN CONTENT
140
pH-VALUE RESISTIVITY 16-, 64-NORMAL WATER SAMPLER SELF-POTENTIAL TRACER LOG
Fugro Austria GmbH Well Logging Geoinformatics 8600 Bruck an der Mur, Einoedstrasse 13, Austria tel: +43 (0)3862 / 34300 fax: +43 (0)3862 / 34300-12 e-mail: office@fugroaustria.at www.fugroaustria.at
WELL LOGGING - AN OVERVIEW
FCON, FTEMP, OXI, PH
ABI / OBI
1 2
Standard Under favourable conditions or in combination with others
FWSON
SFLOW
(D)FEL
FLOW
GGD
CAM
NGR
SAM
MAL
CAL
CBL
CCL
CSS
DEV
FTM
RES
CLS
DFS
TRL
IEL
NL
SP
GEOLOGY, LITHOLOGY Lithological profiles Clay / sand - content Identification of aquifers and water barriers Strike and dip of geological discontinuities Porosity GEOTECHNICS Bulk density Velocity of seismic waves (p, s) Elastic parameters of hard rock Consistency of hard rock Investigation of subsurface cavities HYDROGEOLOGY, HYDROLOGY Correlation of flow-rates to screen-sections Identification of different water bodies Vertical flow Horizontal flow, velocity Depth related water sampling BOREHOLE CONDITION Borehole geometry Borehole deviation Technical condition of well-screens Position of well-screens Inflow zones of sand and silt Position and tightness of casing joints Tightness of annular space Technical condition of well Casing thickness 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 T E 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 T E 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Fugro Austria GmbH Well Logging Geoinformatics 8600 Bruck an der Mur, Einoedstrasse 13, Austria tel: +43 (0)3862 / 34300 fax: +43 (0)3862 / 34300-12 e-mail: office@fugroaustria.at www.fugroaustria.at
tion
S wa t (P & direc
ve) tion refra c refle c g ra p to mo hy seis mic ERT Seis mic
mic
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ic
shole
shole
eism
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logg
Dow nhole
MAS
n log
Seis
Cros
Cros
llel s
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ensio
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Bore
1/ E M
Para
grad EM6 Mag netic 4 1 GPR
iome iode tectio n Micr ogra vity

Stratigraphy Voids/cavities
S us p
EM3
EM3
tr y
Rippability/ground strength
Rad
Groundwater Mineworkings Contamination/landfill Services/utilities Foundations/obstructions UXO near surface Engineering properties Solution features Pile length determination Highly applicable Partly applicable
Laser cavity scanning, Austria Electrical resistivity tomography survey, UAE
Fugro collects and interprets data relating to the Earths surface, the structures built upon it and the soil and rocks beneath, and provides advice for the oil and gas, mining and construction industries. Whether you need a walkover survey of a local site or a large scale integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigation on the other side of the world, we can deliver.
Key ofces Houston, USA Berlin, Germany Cambridge, UK Paris, France Leidschendam, Netherlands Bruck an der Mur, Austria Dubai, UAE
Fugro Aperio Limited Focal Point Newmarket Road Bottisham Cambridge CB25 9BD United Kingdom +44 (0)870 600 8050 ground@fugro-aperio.com
Fugro Engineering Geophysics

Comprehensive geophysical and geotechnical capability with centres of excellence worldwide
MASW survey, Abu Dhabi Borehole wireline logging, Germany
Rapid reliable subsurface information Environment Engineering Geotechnics
Minimal damage or disruption Site characterisation Engineering properties Void location
Fixed-Wing Electromagnetics
Fugro Airborne Surveys offers three fixed-wing electromagnetic systems: MEGATEM, GEOTEM, and TEMPEST, each with a special focus. The large scale and high transmitter power of these systems provide excellent effective depth of exploration/mapping as well as a large search footprint. All systems are used worldwide for mineral exploration, groundwater evaluation, and hydrocarbon exploration.
GEOTEM1000
Mounted on a CASA 212 aircraft, GEOTEM is continuously upgraded to provide a system with proven success worldwide. An increase in transmitter power led to the introduction of GEOTEM1000.
MEGATEM
Mounted on a large, powerful four-engine Dash 7 aircraft, MEGATEM was originally introduced for surveying of high altitude areas that are beyond the capability of the CASA aircraft. Proven success in locating deep mineral deposits led to a further upgrade, which doubled the transmitter power. MEGATEM is now extensively applied in exploration for deep targets of all types.
TEMPEST
The TEMPEST system, mounted on a CASA 212 aircraft, provides quantitative discrimination of conductivity and depth. Its focus is on improved quality of near surface conductivity mapping, both of the cover and bedrock.
2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
GEOTEM1000
M M M M M M M M M M M 0
GEOTEM 150 Hz GEOTEM 30 Hz GEOTEM 90 Hz INPUT 1970s INPUT 1980s
Dipole Moment (Am2 )
MEGATEM
Fort a La Corne, Canada: Resistivity Depth Section from GEOTEM 30 Hz Data
Increasing Dipole Moment
FUGRO AIRBORNE SURVEYS FLYING WORLDWIDE
MEGATEM
II
www.fugro.com www.fugroairborne.com
Fugro NPA
Imagery & Data Services
Distribution of optical and radar imagery
Fugro NPA are the longest established satellite mapping specialists in Europe, offering expert, unbiased advice to help users select the most appropriate satellite and airborne imagery, and elevation data for a wide variety of projects across the world.
Imagery: Fugro NPA process, interpret and distribute a wide range of optical (natural or NIR false colour) and radar image data including:
> Landsat (ETM/TM/MSS) > RADARSAT > SPOT > ERS & ENVISAT
and the new generation of very high resolution imagery from:
> Quickbird > IKONOS > WorldView
> OrbView > FORMOSAT > Kompsat
Elevation data: Fugro NPA are highly experienced in the production and supply of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from a variety of sources including:
> SPOT 'High Resolution Stereo' (HRS) > Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) > ASTER > IKONOS > LiDAR > Topographic Maps
Data processing & production: Fugro NPA offer a comprehensive range of services from image processing through interpretation and information extraction, to production of derived maps and reports. Using these skills 2D & 3D visualisations can be generated to meet your project requirements. Fugro NPA can provide your data as bespoke hardcopy maps, or softcopy digital atlases, at any scale and projection, incorporating any additional data layers that you possess.
Please contact Fugro NPAs Imagery & Data Services team for more information: Address: Fugro NPA Limited, Crockham Park, Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6SR, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)1732 865023 , Fax: +44 (0)1732 866521 Email: imagery@fugro-npa.com Web: www.fugro-npa.com
www.fugro.com
Fugro Spatial Solutions Pty Ltd
Spatial data is recognised as a key decision making tool for industry, commerce and the community.
Service and Innovation
Fugro Spatial Solutions are at the forefront of spatial service provision. Appropriate solutions are available to clients from our combination of extensive expertise and the latest technologies in digital airborne sensors, conventional aerial photography, terrestrial and airborne laser scanning, topographic surveying, high precision dimensional control surveying, mapping, photogrammetry, geographic information systems (GIS) and data integration.
Aerial Survey Topography and bathymetric LiDAR Latest high-end film camera and
digital sensors
Precision scanning and digital

photogrammetric systems
Airborne Radar (GeoSAR IFSAR)
Extensive Experience
The depth and range of experience of Fugro Spatial Solutions provide value and dependability to our diverse range of clients - nationally and internationally. Projects have been undertaken in over 20 countries.
Digital Mapping Digital Terrain Models Volumetric determination Digital orthophotos Feature capture & attribution Topographic mapping & revision Satellite data processing GIS Solutions GIS Applications - review, design
& implement Oracle specialisation Data integration / conversion Strategic spatial consulting Data warehousing & management
Size and Reliability

With over 100 staff and the latest technologies, Fugro Spatial Solutions possess considerable resources. These resources are backed by those of the global Fugro NV Group generating a significant network across more than 250 offices in over 60 countries, with a team of more than 13 000 staff. This network is characterised by strength, depth and diversity of resources and expertise.
Survey Services Cadastral & lease area surveys Engineering & Mining surveying Topographic surveys GPS surveys Dimensional control Structure monitoring Machinery alignment Terrestrial LiDAR Specialised Services 3D modelling & fly throughs Cloud seeding Asset mapping Virtual reality Multi-client data sales
Our professional services support a range of industries and applications

asset
management land development corridor mapping urban planning mining environmental analysis civil construction national security agribusiness oil & gas
Perth (Head Office) Ph: +61 8 9282 4100 reception@fugrospatial.com.au
Brisbane Ph: +61 7 3841 3433 brisbane@fugrospatial.com.au
Sydney Ph: +61 2 8878 9078 sydney@fugrospatial.com.au
Melbourne Ph: +61 3 9780 0610 melbourne@fugrospatial.com.au
FSSC-DT-1635-4
fugrospatial.com.au
Survey vessels (continued)
Fugros fleet
Southern Supporter
Multi-role survey vessel, length 74 metres, long-term charter
Skandi Inspector
Multi-role ROV survey and construction support vessel, length 81 metres, long-term charter
Vessels play an important role in the activities Fugro carries out for its clients. The modern fleet currently comprises around 45 vessels that can be deployed for a variety of purposes. Fugro also uses other equipment, such as aircraft, jack-up platforms and trucks. An overview of this equipment that can be deployed is included in this leaflet.
Geotechnical vessels
Universal Surveyor
Survey vessel, length 37 metres, owned by Fugro
Victor Hensen
Survey vessel, length 39 metres, long-term charter
Bavenit
Geotechnical vessel, length 86 metres, long-term charter
Bucentaur
Geotechnical vessel, length 78 metres, owned by Fugro
Zakher Fugro
Fugro Commander
Geotechnical vessel, length 56 metres, owned by Fugro, in service as of May 2007
Fugro Explorer
Major equipment (besides fleet of vessels), owned by Fugro

Mariner ROVs (Remotely
Operated Vehicles) Number: 100 Number: 2 (+ 2 in development)
Markab
AUVs
(Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)
New Seaprobe CPT trucks

Number: 75
Zakher Star
Geotechnical vessel, length 64 metres, long-term charter
Jack-up rigs
Number: 25
Land based drill rigs

Number: 210
Reference Stations
(Global Navigation Satellite System)
Number: 105
Seismic vessels
Geo Arctic
2D seismic vessel, length 82 metres, tows a 10-kilometre streamer, long-term charter
Geo Atlantic
3D/4D seismic vessel, length 121 metres, tows ten streamers each up to 8 km long, long-term charter, launched October 2006
Streamers for seismic vessels

Number: 25 with an average length of 6 kilometres
Aircraft
Number: 40 Regio Zuid Weert tel: 0495-513 560 fax: 0495-513 561
Geo Baltic
3D seismic vessel, length 75 metres, tows six streamers each up to 4 km, or four streamers up to 6 km long, owned by Fugro
Geo Barents
3D seismic vessel, length 77 metres, tows six streamers each up to 9 km long, three year charter agreement; launch May 2007. Fugro will take over ownership in 2010
Fugro NV Veurse Achterweg 10 PO Box 41 2260 AA Leidschendam The Netherlands www.fugro.com
October 2007
0174
Seismic vessels (continued)
Survey vessels (continued)
Geo Caribbean
3D/4D seismic vessel, length 101 metres, tows 14 streamers each up to 6800 m, or 12 streamers each up to 8000 m, owned by Fugro. Operational in November 2008
Geo Celtic
3D/4D seismic vessel, length 101 metres, tows twelve streamers each up to 8 km long, long-term charter agreement. Operational in September 2007
Geniusbank
Geo Eastern
Geo Pacific
3D seismic vessel, length 82 metres, tows eight streamers each up to 6 kilometres long, owned by Fugro
Hawk Explorer
2D seismic vessel, length 66 metres, tows a 10-kilometre streamer, long-term charter
Geo Endeavour
Geo Prospector
Seisquest
3D/4D seismic vessel, length 92 metres, tows eight streamers each up to 6 km long, four year charter agreement (with option for extension), commenced July 2007
Geo Surveyor
Geodetic Surveyor
Survey vessels
Albuquerque
Highland Eagle MarSol Mariner

Survey vessel, length 55 metres, long-term charter Survey vessel, length 72 metres, long-term charter
Island Spirit
ROV-support survey vessel, length 74 metres, long-term charter
Flamboyan
Fugro Discovery
Survey vessel, length 70 metres, owned by Fugro, existing vessel that will be modified, in service as from May 2007
Jetstream
Kommandor Jack
Fugro Enterprise
Survey vessel, length 52 metres, owned by Fugro. In service as from September 2007
Fugro Gauss
Survey vessel, length 68 metres, owned by Fugro, acquired in March 2007
Meridian
Ocean Surveyor
Fugro Mercator
Fugro Meridian
Oceansatpeg 1
Seis Surveyor
Fugro Saltire
ROV-sub sea support survey vessel, length 110 metres, launch February 2008, long-term charter agreement (with purchase option per 2013)
Fugro Synergy
Multi-purpose vessel, length 104 metres, owned by Fugro, will be delivered in November 2008
Setouchi Surveyor
Construction support vessel, length 64 metres, owned by Fugro
Skandi Carla
ROV survey and construction support vessel, length 84 metres, longterm charter

Fugro World Wide - Capability Statement Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

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Fugro World Wide - Capability Statement Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

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CCS CAPABILITY STATEMENT

CAPABILITY STATEMENT CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS)

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

FUGROS CCS CAPABILITIES

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

MAIN STAGES OF A CCS STORAGE PROJECT

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

SE-England: ERT investigation ERT investigation to profile Chalk Bedrock

Monitoring WEYBURN FIELD, Saskatchewan, Canada: Miscible CO2 EOR Project

Klaas S. Wester President and Chief Executive Officer

Arnold Steenbakker Director

Andr Jonkman Chief Financial Officer

Paul van Riel Director

THE FUGRO GROUP

Development & Production

Processing Services - Overview

Image courtesy: Shell Australia

Image courtesy: Crown Minerals, New Zealand

Optimised processing velocities

Constrained conversion: RMS to Interval

Combine velocities and interpretations: Initial isotropic model

Combine with borehole data: Initial anisotropic model

Iteratively: Image TO lines

Quantify cost-function to be minimized

Minimize cost function: tomography

Intermediate caclulations, as required

Image full volume

Comparison: pre-STM vs. pre-SDM

Realistic, Highly Detailed 3D Numerical Models of Rock and Reservoir Properties

Integration of high resolution well data with low resolution 3D seismic

High vertical detail near and away from well control

Generation of reservoir models with geologically plausible shapes

Quantication of uncertainty to assess risk

Generation of highly-detailed petrophysical models ready for input to reservoir ow simulation

JOINT INVERSION OF IMPEDANCE AND LITHOFACIES

Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved.

RockMod Geostatistical AVA Inversion

Seismic AVA Stack 1

Seismic AVA Stack 2

Seismic AVA Stack 3

Seismic AVA Stack n

Reservoir Identication Maps and Models of Lithofacies at Fine Scale Detail

Constraints/ C Stratigraphic Model

Features Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Technology

Reservoir Property Indication: Lithology, Velocity, Fluid Saturations

RockMod Project Workow

V /V V /V V /V p p V /V p sss p s Lithology Lithology Lithology L ithology y Lithology

MuRho MuRho MuRho MuRho

Realistic Uncertainty Analysis as all realisations honour all input data

Low Gamma Ray

Fugro-Jason. All Rights Reserved.

Maximum permeability direction, determined from pore long axis alignment

Coloured pore long axis distribution, determined by MAGPORE

Maximum permeability direction, determined by direct measurements

Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

Environmental objectives of the EIA

Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

Environmental Impact Studies (EIS)

Tel. 49-030-93651-324 Fax 49-030-93651-300 e-mail h.zick@fugro.de www.fugro.de www.fugro.com

Tier- und Pflanzenfotos S. 2 4: Herbert Zick