Making Slides

Preparing Slides Using LaTeX, Pstricks, and Beamer
Uday Khedker
(www.cse.iitb.ac.in/uday) Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
August 2010
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Outline
1/40
Outline
Using LaTeX for document preparation Using Pstricks for drawing pictures Using Beamer for making presentations
Aug 2010
Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay
Part 2
Using LaTeX for Document Preparation
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation
2/40
Document Preparation
Typesetting = Text (To Be Typeset) + Typesetting Commands Document Structure : Position, size, shape of entities etc.

Visual Structure : Governed by visual aesthetics Logical Structure : Governed by the meaning (List, Table, Chapter, Section, etc.)
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
3/40
WYSIWYG Preparation
What You See Is What You Get (E.g. MS Word.) Interactive : Interleaved typing and typesetting.
As you type the text, the resulting formatting is shown immediately and automatically. Visual structure is more prominent.
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
4/40
Non-WYSIWYG Preparation
Execution of formatting commands separate from keying in the text.

AT X. E.g. L E Multi-step batch mode process

Type the text Execute the formatting commands View the resulting document
Visual structure de-emphasized :
Cant see immediately and automatically.
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
Document Preparation with LaTeX
Text and formatting commands
AT X L E
Device independent representation
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
AT X L E
Device independent representation
xdvi
Screen rendering
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
AT X L E
Device independent representation dvips Postscript representation
xdvi
Screen rendering
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
AT X L E
xdvi
Screen rendering
gv, evince
screen rendering
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
AT X L E
xdvi
Screen rendering
gv, evince lpr
screen rendering printed copy
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
5/40
AT X L E
xdvi
Screen rendering
gv, evince lpr ps2pdf
screen rendering printed copy pdf document
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
6/40
Using LaTeX
Create file.tex latex file.tex produces file.dvi dvips -o file.ps file produces file.ps Can be viewed using gv file.ps Practical tips for Linux users Use of makele, simultaneous editing and background viewing. Almost interactive
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
7/40
Types of Formatting Commands
Environment : Contains text to be typeset with a specic logical
structure. Figures, tables, lists, equations, etc.

Command : Produces some text in a specic way
Section headings, footnotes etc.

Declaration : Customizes the formatting of the text in the scope
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
8/40
Environments
Environments explicate a logical structure
Figures, tables, lists, equations, etc.

Names : document, itemize, tabular, table, figure, . . . Scope : \begin{env } ... \end{env }
Example \begin{document} ...
\end{document}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
9/40
Commands
Commands carry out a certain formatting
(May have side eects)
\chapter{Introduction} Begins a new page. Changes the numbering of sections, gures, equations etc. \foilhead{Commands} \textbf{Text to be typeset in bold face} \texttt{Text to be typeset in typewrite font} \footnote{Text to be typeset as a footnote}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
10/40
Types of Formatting Commands
Declarations Customization of fonts, shape, thickness, numbering, etc.

\tt indicates typewriter font \bf indicates boldface letter \em indicates emphasized letters
Scope Delimited by { and }, \begin and \end pairs, or . . .
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
11/40
A L T
EX: Basic Concepts
Document Classes (article, report, book etc) Use of packages Fonts and Colors Sectioning: Chapters, sections, appendix etc Lists and enumerations
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
12/40
A L T
EX: Basic Concepts
Paragraphs Formatting of Math formulae Tables and Figures Page formatting Footnotes
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
13/40
A L T
EX: Basic Concepts
Multiple input les Dening new commands Importing les Citations and references
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
14/40
A L T
EX: Advanced Concepts
Formatting programs/algorithms Bibtex Pictures Slides
Aug 2010
Part 3
Using Pstricks for Drawing Pictures
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Using Pstricks for Drawing Pictures
15/40
Preparing Pictures using Pstricks
Environment pspicture Line and curve drawings Frames, circles, ovals, Nodes and Node connectors
Relative to the placement of nodes

Labeling node connectors
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
16/40
The Power of Pstricks
Logical components of pictures and relationships between them.
Easy renements/updates/corrections
xfig does not recognise node-connectors. If you move a node, a node connector does not move with it. dia recognises node-connectors but not the relationship between nodes. A node connector moves with a node but positioning of two nodes remains independent.
Very good quality of pictures. Free mixing of graphics and text
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
17/40
Adding to the Power of Pstricks
A limitation of pstricks
Absolute coordinates have to be calculated by the user.

Solution : package pst-rel-points available at
http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/uday/latex.
Denes command
\putnode[l/r]{new}{old}{delta x}{delta y}{stuff}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
18/40
Drawing Pictures Using Pstricks
\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{-10}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline{->}{n1}{n2} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{-10}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline[nodesepA=-1]{->}{n1}{n2} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{-10}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline[nodesepA=-1]{->}{n1}{n2} \nccurve[angleA=270,angleB=90]% {->}{n2}{n1} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{-10}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline[nodesepA=-1]{->}{n1}{n2} \nccurve[angleA=300,angleB=60]% {->}{n2}{n1} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{-10}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline[nodesepA=-1]{->}{n1}{n2} \nccurve[angleA=300,angleB=60,% ncurv=2]{->}{n2}{n1} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
18/40

\usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-node} \usepackage{pst-text} \usepackage{etex} \usepackage{pst-rel-points} %% \psset{unit=1mm} \begin{pspicture}(0,0)(50,70) \psframe(0,0)(50,70) \putnode{n1}{origin}{25}{50}{% \pscirclebox{1}} \putnode{n2}{n1}{0}{-10}{% \psframebox{2}} \ncline[nodesepA=-1]{->}{n1}{n2} \nccurve[angleA=300,angleB=60,% ncurv=2]{->}{n2}{n1} \end{pspicture}
Aug 2010
1 2
Prabhat Workshop
19/40
More Pictures Using Pstricks

\newcommand{\sphere}{% \psset{unit=1mm,arrowsize=6pt} \begin{pspicture}(0,5)(120,110) \rput(30,60){% \pscirclebox*[fillcolor=blue]{% \rule{5.7cm}{0cm}}} \rput{-15}(30,60){% \psovalbox*[fillcolor=lightblue]{% \rule{4cm}{0cm}\rule{0cm}{1cm}}} \psline{->}(30,60)(70,50) \psline{->}(30,60)(30,100) \psline{->}(30,60)(0,30) \end{pspicture}} %% \scalebox{.6}{\sphere}
Aug 2010 Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay
Prabhat Workshop
20/40
A Demo of Using Pstricks
\ncline, \nccurve \ncloop Optional arguments Minipage and footnote \rnode and connectors between text and picture
Aug 2010
Part 4
Using Beamer for Preparing Slides
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Using Beamer for Preparing Slides
21/40
An Overview of Beamer
Presentations based on frames consistings of slides In beamer terminology, slides refers to overlays appearing in a
frame Facilitate animations

Convenient overlay mechanism Same source can be compiled to presentations, handouts,
documents
Multiple themes or templates
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
22/40
Instantiating a Template
\title[short title]{long title} \subtitle[short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author[short name]{long name} \date[short date]{long date} \institution[short name]{long name}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
23/40
Template Instantiation for this Presentation
\usetheme{iitb} %%
\title[LaTeX]{Preparing Slides Using \\ LaTeX, Pstricks, and Beamer} \author[Aug 2010]{Uday Khedker} \institute[Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay]{Department of Computer Science and Engineering, \\ Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay} \titlegraphic{\scalebox{.4}{\includegraphics{IITBlogo.epsi}}} \date[Prabhat Workshop]{August 2010}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
24/40
Frames
A separately numbered page in the presentation All overlays (i.e. slides) in a frame share the same page number Created by the following options
\begin{frame}[options] \frametitle{Title} %% LaTeX commands for %% frame contents \end{frame}
\frame{ \frametitle{Title} %% LaTeX commands for %% frame contents }
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
25/40
Useful Options for Frames
[plain]. No header, title or footer [fragile]. Required for using verbatim environment
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
26/40
Using verbatim Environment
Use option [fragile] for a frame Use minipage
\begin{minipage}{width} \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{minipage}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
27/40
Using semiverbatim Environment
LaTeX commands can be used but text is typeset like verbatim Example uses: changing color or size of text
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
28/40
Creating Overlays
Common Commands: \only, \onslide, \pause Common Environments: \begin{onlyenv} ...\end{onlyenv} Common Range Specication: From n to m: <n-m> From n onwards: <n-> After the previous one and until m: <+-m> From beginning until m: <-m> On m, n, and i: <m,n,i>
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
29/40
Overlays in a List
Explicitly ordered
\begin{itemize} \item<1-> This is the first item \item<2-> This is the second item \item<3-> And this is the third \end{itemize}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
29/40
Overlays in a List
Explicitly ordered
\begin{itemize} \item<1-> This is the first item \item<2-> This is the second item \item<3-> And this is the third \end{itemize}
Implicitly ordered
\begin{itemize} \item<+-> This is the first item \item<+-> This is the second item \item<+-> And this is the third \end{itemize}
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
30/40
More on Overlays and Themes
Excellent examples at
http://www.uncg.edu/cmp/reu/presentations/Charles Batts Beamer Tutorial.pdf (include spaces in the le name and replace new line by a space)
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
31/40
Converting Slides to Handouts
Step 1: Modify the range specications
If slides that appear between 1 to 5 should appear on handout slide 2 <1-5|handout:2> Slide 6 to 8 should appear only in the presentation but not in the handout <6-8|handout:0> Slide 9 onwards should appear only in the handout but not in the presentation <0|handout:9->
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
32/40
Converting Slides to Handouts
Step 2: Add handout declarations in the preamble \usepackage{pgf,pgfarrows,pgfnodes,pgfautomata,pgfheaps} \mode<handout> { \usepackage{pgfpages} \pgfpagesuselayout{4 on 1}[a4paper,landscape,% border shrink=5mm] } Step 3: Change \documentclass[dvips]beamer to
\documentclass[handout]beamer
Aug 2010
Part 5
Some Sample Slides
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Some Sample Slides
33/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Parsing

a=b<10?b:c; Input
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
33/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Parsing

a=b<10?b:c; Input Lhs name E name AsgnStmnt E
=
E
; :
E
<
E name name num Parse Tree
Issues: Grammar rules, terminals, non-terminals Order of application of grammar rules eg. is it (a = b<10?) followed by (b:c)? Values of terminal symbols eg. string 10 vs. integer number 10.
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
34/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Semantic Analysis

a=b<10?b:c; Input Lhs name E name AsgnStmnt E
=
E
; :
E
<
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
34/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Semantic Analysis

a=b<10?b:c; Input Lhs name E name AsgnStmnt
= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
name name < (bool) (b,int) (c,int) name num (b,int) (10,int) Abstract Syntax Tree (with attributes)
<
Issues: Symbol tables Have variables been declared? What are their types? What is their scope? Type consistency of operators and operands The result of computing b<10? is bool and not int
Prabhat Workshop
35/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: IR Generation

a=b<10?b:c; Input Lhs name E name AsgnStmnt
= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
<
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
35/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: IR Generation

a=b<10?b:c; Input Tree List Lhs name AsgnStmnt
= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
= T0 b
Not
< 10
IfGoto L0:
E name
<
T0 T1
= b
Goto L1:
Issues: Convert to maximal trees which can be implemented without altering control ow Simplies instruction selection and scheduling, register allocation etc. Linearise control ow by attening nested control constructs
L0:
= c = T1
T1
L1:
a
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
36/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Instruction Selection

= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
= T0 b
Not
< 10
IfGoto L0:
E name
<
T0 T1
= b
Goto L1:
L0:
= c = T1
T1
L1:
a
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
36/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Instruction Selection

= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
= T0 b
Not
< 10
IfGoto L0:
E name
<
T0 T1
= b
Goto L1:
L0:
= c = T1
T1
L1:
a
Aug 2010
Instruction List T0 b T0 T0 < 10 T0 ! T0 if T0 > 0 goto L0: T1 b goto L1: L0: T1 c L1: a T1
Issues: Cover trees with as few machine instructions as possible Use temporaries and local registers
Prabhat Workshop
37/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Emitting Instructions

= ; :
E name (a,int)
=
E
?: (int)
= T0 b
Not
< 10
IfGoto L0:
E name
<
T0 T1
= b
Goto L1:
L0:
= c = T1
T1
L1:
a
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
37/40
Translation Sequence in Our Compiler: Emitting Instructions

a=b<10?b:c; Input Tree List AsgnStmnt
= ;
name (a,int)
Issues:= Lhs
name
?: (int)
= T0 b
Not
< 10
IfGoto L0:
Osets in the E ? ofEvariables : E stack frame E < E name name Actual register numbers
name name < (bool) (b,int) (c,int) name num (b,int) (10,int) Abstract Syntax Tree (with attributes) Assembly Code lw $t0, 4($fp) slti $t0, $t0, 10 not $t0, $t0 bgtz $t0, L0: lw $t0, 4($fp) b L1: L0: lw $t0, 8($fp) L1: sw 0($fp), $t0
assembly mnemonics name andnum Parse Tree Code to construct and discard activation records
T0 T1
= b
Goto L1:
L0:
= c = T1
T1
L1:
a
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
38/40
i386 Assembly
Dump le: test.s jmp .L3: addl .L2: cmpl $7, -4(%ebp) jle .L3 cmpl $12, -4(%ebp) jg .L6 movl -8(%ebp), %edx movl -4(%ebp), %eax leal (%edx,%eax), %eax addl -12(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, -4(%ebp) .L6:
.L2 $1, -4(%ebp) while { a } if (a { a } (a <= 7) = a+1; <= 12) = a+b+c;
Prabhat Workshop
38/40
i386 Assembly
Prabhat Workshop
38/40
i386 Assembly
Prabhat Workshop
38/40
i386 Assembly
Part 6
Conclusions
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Conclusions
39/40
Conclusions
LaTeX + Pstricks + Beamer: Magic Potion for Making
Presentations
We have barely scratched the surface Initial learning seems dicult but the payos are immense Excellent guides and tutorials are available All sources and slides of this presentation will be soon uploaded on
http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/uday/latex/
Aug 2010
Prabhat Workshop
LaTeX: Conclusions
40/40
Last But Not the Least
Thank You!
Aug 2010

Making Slides

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Preparing Slides Using LaTeX, Pstricks, and Beamer

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Execution of formatting commands separate from keying in the text.

Visual structure de-emphasized :

Cant see immediately and automatically.

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation dvips Postscript representation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation dvips Postscript representation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation dvips Postscript representation

gv, evince lpr

screen rendering printed copy

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Document Preparation with LaTeX

Text and formatting commands

Device independent representation dvips Postscript representation

gv, evince lpr ps2pdf

screen rendering printed copy pdf document

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Types of Formatting Commands

Environment : Contains text to be typeset with a specic logical

structure. Figures, tables, lists, equations, etc.

Section headings, footnotes etc.

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Environments explicate a logical structure

Figures, tables, lists, equations, etc.

Example \begin{document} ...

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation

Commands carry out a certain formatting

(May have side eects)

Uday Khedker, IIT Bombay

LaTeX: Using LaTeX for Document Preparation