THETREATYOFPEACEBETWEENTHEALLIEDANDASSOCIATED POWERSANDTURKEYSIGNEDATSVRESAUGUST10,1920

THEBRITISHEMPIRE,FRANCE,ITALYANDJAPAN, ThesePowersbeingdescribedinthepresentTreatyasthePrincipalAlliedPowers; ARMENIA,BELGIUM,GREECE,THEHEDJAZ,POLAND,PORTUGAL,ROUMANIA, THESERBCROATSLOVENESTATEANDCZECHOSLOVAKIA, ThesePowersconstituting,withthePrincipalPowersmentionedabove,theAlliedPowers, oftheonepart; ANDTURKEY, oftheotherpart; WhereasontherequestoftheImperialOttomanGovernmentanArmisticewasgrantedto TurkeyonOctober30,1918,bythePrincipalAlliedPowersinorderthataTreatyofPeace mightbeconcluded,and WhereastheAlliedPowersareequallydesirousthatthewarinwhichcertainamongthem weresuccessivelyinvolved,directlyorindirectly,againstTurkey,andwhichoriginatedin thedeclarationofwaragainstSerbiaonJuly28,I914,bytheformerImperialandRoyal AustroHungarianGovernment,andinthehostilitiesopenedbyTurkeyagainsttheAllied PowersonOctober29,1914,andconductedbyGermanyinalliancewithTurkey,shouldbe replacedbyafirm,justanddurablePeace, ForthispurposetheHIGHCONTRACTINGPARTIEShaveappointedastheir Plenipotentiaries: HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEUNITEDKINGDOMOFGREATBRITAINAND IRELANDANDOFTHEBRITISHDOMINIONSBEYONDTIIESEAS,EMPEROROF INDIA: SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajesty atParis; fortheDOMINIONofCANADA: TheHonourableSirGeorgeHalseyPERLEY,K.C.M.G HighCommissionerforCanadaintheUnitedKingdom; fortheCOMMONWEALTHofAUSTRALIA:

TheRightHonourableAndrewFISHER,HighCommissionerforAustraliaintheUnited Kingdom; fortheDOMINIONofNEWZEALAND: SirGeorgeDixonGRAHAME,K.C.V.O.,MinisterPlenipotentiaryofHisBritannicMajesty atParis; fortheUNIONofSOUTHAFRICA: Mr.ReginaldAndrewBLANKENBERG,O.B.E.,ActingHighCommissionerfortheUnion ofSouthAfricaintheUnitedKingdom; forINDIA: SirArthurHIRTZEL,K.C.B.,AssistantUnderSecretaryofStateforIndia; THEPRESIDENTOFTHEFRENCHREPUBLIC: Mr.AlexandreMILLERAND,PresidentoftheCouncil,MinisterforForeignAffairs Mr.FredericFRANOISMARSAL,MinisterofFinance Mr.AugustePaulLouisISAAC,MinisterofCommerceandIndustry; Mr.JulesCAMBON,AmbassadorofFrance Mr.GeorgesMauricePALOLOGUE,AmbassadorofFrance,SecretaryGeneralofthe MinistryofForeignAffairs; HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFITALY: CountLELIOBONINLONGARE,SenatoroftheKingdom AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKingofItalyatParis GeneralGiovanniMARIETTI,ItalianMilitaryRepresentativeontheSupremeWarCouncil; HlsMAJESTYTHEEMPEROROFJAPAN: ViscountCHINDA,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorof JapanatLondon; Mr.K.MATSUI,AmbassadorExtraordinaryandPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theEmperorof JapanatParis;

 ARMENIA: Mr.AvetisAHARONIAN,PresidentoftheDelegationoftheArmenianRepublic; HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEBELGIANS: Mr.JulesVANDENHEUVEL,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiary,Minister ofState; Mr.ROLINJAEQUEMYNS,MemberoftheInstituteofPrivateInternationalLaw,Secretary GeneraloftheBelgianDelegation; HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHELLENES: Mr.EleftheriosK.VENIZELOS,PresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters; Mr.AthosROMANOS,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.theKing oftheHellenesatParis; HISMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHEHEDJAZ: THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPOLISHREPUBLIC: CountMauriceZAMOYSKI,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofthePolish RepublicatParis; Mr.ErasmePILTZ; THEPRESIDENTOFTHEPORTUGUESEREPUBLIC: Dr.AffonsodaCOSTA,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters; HisMAJESTYTHEKINGOFROUMANIA: Mr.NicolaeTITULESCU,MinisterofFinance; PrinceDIMITRIEGHIKA,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofH.M.the KingofRoumaniaatParis; HlsMAJESTYTHEKINGOFTHESERBS,THECROATSANDTHESLOVENES: Mr.NicolasP.PACHITCH,formerlyPresidentoftheCouncilofMinisters; Mr.AnteTRUMBIC,MinisterforForeignAffairs;

THEPRESIDENTOFTHECZECHOSLOVAKREPUBLIC: Mr.EdwardBENES,MinisterforForeignAffairs; Mr.StephenOSUSKY,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryoftheCzecho SlovakRepublicatLondon; TURKEY: GeneralHAADIPasha,Senator; RIZATEVFIKBey,Senator; RECHADHALISSBey,EnvoyExtraordinaryandMinisterPlenipotentiaryofTurkeyat Berne; WHO,havingcommunicatedtheirfullpowers,foundingoodanddueform,haveAGREED ASFOLLOWS: FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythestateofwarwillterminate. FromthatmomentandsubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,officiairelationswill existbetweentheAlliedPowersandTurkey. PARTI. THECOVENANTOFTHELEAGUEOFNATIONS. ARTICLES1TO26ANDANNEX SeePartI,TreatyofVersailles,Pages1023. PARTII. FRONTIERSOFTURKEY. ARTICLE27. I.InEurope,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows: 1.TheBlackSea:fromtheentranceoftheBosphorustothepointdescribedbelow. 2.WithGreece:

FromapointtobechosenontheBlackSeanearthemouthoftheBiyukDere,situatedabout 7kilometresnorthwestofPodima,southwestwardstothemostnorthwesterlypointofthe limitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere(about8kilometresnorthwestofIstranja),alinetobe fixedonthegroundpassingthroughKapiljaDaghandUchbunarTepe; thencesouthsoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja about1kilometrewestoftherailwaystationofSinekli,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethe westernlimitofthebasinoftheIstranjaDere; thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenbetweenFenerandKurfalionthewatershed betweenthebasinsofthoseriverswhichflowintoBiyukChekmejeGeul,onthenortheast, andthebasinofthoseriverswhichflowdirectintotheSeaofMarmoraonthesouthwest,a linetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofSinekli; thencesoutheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheSeaofMarmoraabout1kilometre southwestofKalikratia,alinefollowingasfaraspossiblethiswatershed. 3.TheSeaofMarmora: fromthepointdefinedabovetotheentranceoftheBosphorus. II.InAsia,thefrontiersofTurkeywillbelaiddownasfollows: 1.OntheWestandSouth: FromtheentranceoftheBosphorusintotheSeaofMarmoratoapointdescribedbelow, situatedintheeasternMediterraneanSeaintheneighbourhoodoftheGulfofAlexandretta nearKaratashBuruntheSeaofMarmora,theDardanelles,andtheEasternMediterranean Sea;theislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,andthosewhicharesituatedwithinadistanceof3 milesfromthecoast,remainingTurkish,subjecttotheprovisionsofSectionIVandArticles 84and122,PartIII(PoliticalClauses). 2.WithSyria: FromapointtobechosenontheeasternbankoftheoutletoftheHassanDede,about3 kilometresnorthwestofKaratashBurun,northeastwardstoapointtobechosenonthe DjaihunIrmakabout1kilometrenorthofBabeli,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassing northofKaratash;thencetoKesikKale,thecourseoftheDjaihunIrmakupstream; thencenortheastwardstoapointtobechosenontheDjaihunIrmakabout15kilometres eastsoutheastofKarsbazar,alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingnorthofKaraTepe; thencetothebendintheDjaihunIrmaksituatedwestofDuldulDagh,thecourseofthe DjaihunIrmakupstream; thenceinageneralsoutheasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonEmirMusiDaghabout 15kilometressouthsouthwestofGiaourGeulalinetobefixedonthegroundatadistance ofabout18kilometresfromtherailway,andleavingDuldulDaghtoSyria; thenceeastwardstoapointtobechosenabout5kilometresnorthofUrfaagenerallystraight linefromwesttoeasttobehxedonthegroundpassingnorthoftheroadsconnectingthe townsofBaghche,Aintab,Biridjik,andUrfaandleavingthelastthreenamedtownsto Syria; thenceeastwardstothesouthwesternextremityofthebendintheTigrisabout6kilometres northofAzekh(27kilometreswestofDjezireibnOmar),agenerallystraightlinefromwest toeasttobefixedonthegroundleavingthetownofMardintoSyria;

thencetoapointtobechosenontheTigrisbetweenthepointofconfluenceoftheKhaburSu withtheTigrisandthebendintheTigrissituatedabout10kilometresnorthofthispoint, thecourseoftheTigrisdownstream,leavingtheislandonwhichissituatedthetownof DjezireibnOmartoSyria. 3.WithMesopotamia: Thenceinageneraleasterlydirectiontoapointtobechosenonthenorthernboundaryofthe vilayetofMosul, alinetobefixedontheground; thenceeastwardstothepointwhereitmeetsthefrontierbetweenTurkeyandPersia, thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofMosul,modified,however,soastopasssouthof Amadia. 4.OntheEastandtheNorthEast: FromthepointabovedefinedtotheBlackSea,theexistingfrontierbetweenTurkeyand Persia,thentheformerfrontierbetweenTurkeyandRussia,subjecttotheprovisionsof Article89. 5.TheBlackSea. ARTICLE28. ThefrontiersdescribedbythepresentTreatyaretracedontheoneinamillionmaps attachedtothepresentTreaty.Incaseofdifferencesbetweenthetextandthemap,thetext willprevail.[SeeIntroduction.] ARTICLE29. BoundaryCommissions,whosecompositionisorwillbefixedinthepresentTreatyorin Treatiessupplementarythereto,willhavetotracethesefrontiersontheground. Theyshallhavethepower,notonlyoffixingthoseportionswhicharedefinedasalinetobe fixedontheground,butalso,iftheCommissionconsidersitnecessary,ofrevisingin mattersofdetailportionsdefinedbyadministrativeboundariesorotherwise.Theyshall endeavourinallcasestofollowasnearlyaspossiblethedescriptionsgivenintheTreaties, takingintoaccount,asfaraspossible,administrativeboundariesandlocaleconomic interests. ThedecisionsoftheCommissionswillbetakenbyamajority,andshallbebindingonthe partiesconcerned.

TheexpensesoftheBoundaryCommissionswillbeborneinequalsharesbytheparties concerned. ARTICLE30. Insofarasfrontiersdefinedbyawaterwayareconcerned,thephrasescourseorchannel usedinthedescriptionsofthepresentTreatysignify,asregardsnonnavigablerivers,the medianlineofthewaterwayorofitsprincipalbranch,and,asregardsnavigablerivers,the medianlineoftheprincipalchannelofnavigation.ItwillrestwiththeBoundary CommissionsprovidedforbythepresentTreatytospecifywhetherthefrontierlineshall followanychangesofthecourseorchannelwhichmaytakeplace,orwhetheritshallbe definitelyfixedbythepositionofthecourseorchannelatthetimewhenthepresentTreaty comesintoforce. IntheabsenceofprovisionstothecontraryinthepresentTreaty,islandsandisletsIying withinthreemilesofthecoastareincludedwithinthefrontierofthecoastalState. ARTICLE31. ThevariousStatesconcernedundertaketofurnishtotheCommissionsalldocuments necessaryfortheirtasks,especiallyauthenticcopiesofagreementsfixingexistingorold frontiers,alllargescalemapsinexistence,geodeticdata,surveyscompletedbut unpublished,andinformationconcerningthechangesoffrontierwatercourses.Themaps, geodeticdata,andsurveys,evenifunpublished,whichareinthepossessionoftheTurkish authoritiesmustbedeliveredatConstantinople,withinthirtydaysfromthecominginto forceofthepresentTreaty,tosuchrepresentativeoftheCommissionsconcernedasmaybe appointedbytheprincipalAlliedPowers. TheStatesconcernedalsoundertaketoinstructthelocalauthoritiestocommunicatetothe Commissionsalldocuments,especiallyplans,cadastralandlandbooks,andtofurnishon demandalldetailsregardingproperty,existingeconomicconditions,andothernecessary information. ARTICLE32. ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketogiveeveryassistancetotheBoundary Commissions,whetherdirectlyorthroughlocalauthorities,ineverythingthatconcerns transport,accommodation,labour,materials(signposts,boundarypillars)necessaryforthe accomplishmentoftheirmission. InparticulartheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofurnishtothePrincipalAlliedPowers suchtechnicalpersonnelastheymayconsidernecessarytoassisttheBoundary Commissionsintheaccomplishmentoftheirmission. ARTICLE33.

ThevariousStatesinterestedundertaketosafeguardthetrigonometricalpoints,signals, postsorfrontiermarkserectedbytheCommissions. ARTICLE34 Thepillarswillbeplacedsoastobeintervisible;theywillbenumbered,andtheirposition andtheirnumberwillbenotedonacartographicdocument. ARTICLE35. Theprotocolsdefiningtheboundaryandthemapsanddocumentsattachedtheretowillbe madeoutintriplicate,ofwhichtwocopieswillbeforwardedtotheGovernmentsofthe limitropheStates,andthethirdtotheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublic,whichwilldeliver authenticcopiestothePowerswhosignthepresentTreaty. PARTIII. POLITICALCLAUSES. SECTIONI. CONSTANTINOPLE. ARTICLE36. SubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,theHighContractingPartiesagreethatthe rightsandtitleoftheTurkishGovernmentoverConstantinopleshallnotbeaffected,and thatthesaidGovernmentandHisMajestytheSultanshallbeentitledtoresidethereandto maintaintherethecapitaloftheTurkishState. Nevertheless,intheeventofTurkeyfailingtoobservefaithfullytheprovisionsofthepresent Treaty,orofanytreatiesorconventionssupplementarythereto,particularlyasregardsthe protectionoftherightsofracial,religiousorlinguisticminorities,theAlliedPowers expresslyreservetherighttomodifytheaboveprovisions,andTurkeyherebyagreesto acceptanydispositionswhichmaybetakeninthisconnection. SECTIONII. STRAITS. ARTICLE37. ThenavigationoftheStraits,includingtheDardanelles,theSeaofMarmoraandthe Bosphorus,shallinfuturebeopen,bothinpeaceandwar,toeveryvesselofcommerceorof warandtomilitaryandcommercialaircraft,withoutdistinctionofflag.

Thesewatersshallnotbesubjecttoblockade,norshallanybelligerentrightbeexercisednor anyactofhostilitybecommittedwithinthem,unlessinpursuanceofadecisionofthe CounciloftheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE33. TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisesthatitisnecessarytotakefurthermeasurestoensure thefreedomofnavigationprovidedforinArticle37,andaccordinglydelegates,sofarasitis concerned,toaCommissiontobecalledtheCommissionoftheStraits,andhereinafter referredtoastheCommission,thecontrolofthewatersspecifiedinArticle39. TheGreekGovernment,sofarasitisconcerned,delegatestotheCommissionthesame powersandundertakestogiveitinallrespectsthesamefacilities. SuchcontrolshallbeexercisedinthenameoftheTurkishandGreekGovernments respectively,andinthemannerprovidedinthisSection. ARTICLE39. TheauthorityoftheCommissionwillextendtoallthewatersbetweentheMediterranean mouthoftheDardanellesandtheBlackSeamouthoftheBosphorus,andtothewaters withinthreemilesofeachofthesemouths. Thisauthoritymaybeexercisedonshoretosuchextentasmaybenecessaryforthe executionoftheprovisionsofthisSection. ARTICLE40. TheCommissionshallbecomposedofrepresentativesappointedrespectivelybytheUnited StatesofAmerica(ifandwhenthatGovernmentiswillingtoparticipate),theBritishEmpire, France,Italy,Japan,Russia(ifandwhenRussiabecomesamemberoftheLeagueof Nations),Greece,Roumania,andBulgariaandTurkey(ifandwhenthetwolatterStates becomemembersoftheLeagueofNations).EachPowershallappointonerepresentative. TherepresentativesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,theBritishEmpire,France,Italy,Japan andRussiashalleachhavetwovotes.TherepresentativesofGreece,Roumania,andBulgaria andTurkeyshalleachhaveonevote.EachCommissionershallberemovableonlybythe Governmentwhichappointedhim. ARTICLE41. TheCommissionersshallenjoy,withinthelimitsspecifiedinArticle39,diplomatic privilegesandimmunities. ARTICLE42.

TheCommissionwillexercisethepowersconferredonitbythepresentTreatyincomplete independenceofthelocalauthority.Itwillhaveitsownflag,itsownbudgetanditsseparate organisation. ARTICLE43. WithinthelimitsofitsjurisdictionaslaiddowninArticle39theCommissionwillbe chargedwiththefollowingduties: (a)theexecutionofanyworksconsiderednecessaryfortheimprovementofthechannelsor theapproachestoharbours; (b)thelightingandbuoyingofthechannels; (c)thecontrolofpilotageandtowage; (d)thecontrolofanchorages; (e)thecontrolnecessarytoassuretheapplicationintheports ofConstantinopleandHaidarPashaoftheregimeprescribedinArticles335to344,PartXI (Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)ofthepresentTreaty; (f)thecontrolofallmattersrelatingtowrecksandsalvage; (g)thecontroloflighterage; ARTICLE44. IntheeventoftheCommissionfindingthatthelibertyofpassageisbeinginterferedwith,it willinformtherepresentativesatConstantinopleoftheAlliedPowersprovidingthe occupyingforcesprovidedforinArticle178.Theserepresentativeswillthereuponconcert withthenavalandmilitarycommandersofthesaidforcessuchmeasuresasmaybedeemed necessarytopreservethefreedomoftheStraits.Similaractionshallbetakenbythesaid representativesintheeventofanyexternalactionthreateningthelibertyofpassageofthe Straits. ARTICLE45. Forthepurposeoftheacquisitionofanypropertyortheexecutionofanypermanentworks whichmayberequired,theCommissionshallbeentitledtoraisesuchloansasitmay considernecessary.Theseloanswillbesecured,sofaraspossible,ontheduestobelevied ontheshippingusingtheStraits,asprovidedinArticle53. ARTICLE46.

ThefunctionspreviouslyexercisedbytheConstantinopleSuperiorCouncilofHealthandthe TurkishSanitaryAdministrationwhichwasdirectedbythesaidCouncil,andthefunctions exercisedbytheNationalLifeboatServiceoftheBosphoruswillwithinthelimitsspecified inArticle39bedischargedunderthecontroloftheCommissionandinsuchmannerasit maydirect. TheCommissionwillcooperateintheexecutionofanycommonpolicyadoptedbythe LeagueofNationsforpreventingandcombatingdisease. ARTICLE47. SubjecttothegeneralpowersofcontrolconferredupontheCommission,therightsofany personsorcompaniesnowholdingconcessionsrelatingtolighthouses,docks,quaysor similarmattersshallbemaintained;buttheCommissionshallbeentitledifitthinksit necessaryinthegeneralinteresttobuyoutormodifysuchrightsupontheconditionslaid downinArticle311PartIX(EconomicClauses)ofthepresentTreaty,oritselftotakeupa newconcession. ARTICLE48. InordertofacilitatetheexecutionofthedutieswithwhichitisentrustedbythisSection,the Commissionshallhavepowertoorganisesuchaforceofspecialpoliceasmaybenecessary. Thisforceshallbedrawnsofaraspossiblefromthenativepopulationofthezoneofthe StraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,PartV(Military,NavalandAirClauses), excludingtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene.Thesaidforce shallbecommandedbyforeignpoliceofficersappointedbytheCommission. ARTICLE49. IntheportionofthezoneoftheStraits,includingtheislandsoftheSeaofMarmora,which remainsTurkish,andpendingthecomingintoforceofthereformoftheTurkishjudicial systemprovidedforinArticleI36,allinfringementsoftheregulationsandbylawsmadeby theCommission,committedbynationalsofcapitulatoryPowers,shallbedealtwithbythe ConsularCourtsofthesaidPowers.TheAlliedPowersagreetomakesuchinfringements justiciablebeforetheirConsularCourtsorauthorities.InfringementscommittedbyTurkish nationalsornationalsofnoncapitulatoryPowersshallbedealtwithbythecompetent Turkishjudicialauthorities. IntheportionofthesaidzoneplacedunderGreeksovereigntysuchinfringementswillbe dealtwithbythecompetentGreekjudicialauthorities. ARTICLE50. Theofficersormembersofthecrewofanymerchantvesselvwithinthelimitsofthe jurisdictionoftheCommissionwhomaybearrestedonshoreforanyoffencecommitted eitherashoreorafloatwithinthelimitsofthesaidjurisdictionshallbebroughtbeforethe

competentjudicialauthoritybytheCommissionspolice.Iftheaccusedwasarrested otherwisethanbytheCommissionspoliceheshallimmediatelybehandedovertothem. ARTICLE51. TheCommissionshallappointsuchsubordinateofficersorofficialsasmaybefound indispensabletoassistitincarryingoutthedutieswithwhichitischarged. ARTICLE52. Inallmattersrelatingtothenavigationofthewaterswithinthelimitsofthejurisdictionof theCommissionalltheshipsreferredtoinArticle37shallbetreateduponafootingof absoluteequality. ARTICLE53. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle47theexistingrightsunderwhichduesandchargescan beleviedforvariouspurposes,whetherdirectbytheTurkishGovernmentorby internationalbodiesorprivatecompanies,onshipsorcargoeswithinthelimitsofthe jurisdictionoftheCommissionshallbetransferredtotheCommisssionTheCommission shallfixtheseduesandchargesatsuchamountsonlyasmaybereasonablynecessaryto coverthecostoftheworksexecutedandtheservicesrenderedtoshipping,includingthe generalcostsandexpensesoftheadministrationoftheCommission,andthesalariesand payprovidedforinparagraph3oftheAnnextothisSection. ForthesepurposesonlyandwiththepriorconsentoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNations theCommissionmayalsoestablishduesandchargesotherthanthosenowexistingandfix theiramounts. ARTICLE54. AllduesandchargesimposedbytheCommissionshallbeleviedwithoutanydiscrimination andonafootingofabsoluteequalitybetweenallvessels,whatevertheirportoforigin, destinationordeparture,theirflagorownership,orthenationalityorownershipoftheir cargoes. ThisdispositiondoesnotaffecttherightoftheCommissiontofixinaccordancewith tonnagetheduesprovidedforbythisSection. ARTICLE55. TheTurkishandGreekGovernmentsrespectivelyundertaketofacilitatetheacquisitionby theCommissionofsuchlandandbuildingsastheCommissionshallconsideritnecessaryto acquireinordertocarryouteffectivelythedutieswithwhichitisentrusted. ARTICLE56.

ShipsofwarintransitthroughthewatersspecifiedinArticle39shallconforminallrespects totheregulationsissuedbytheCommissionfortheobservanceoftheordinaryrulesof navigationandofsanitaryrequirements. ARTICLE57. (1)Belligerentwarshipsshallnotrevictualnortakeinstoresexceptsofarasmaybestrictly necessarytoenablethemtocompletethepassageoftheStraitsandtoreachthenearestport wheretheycancall,norshalltheyreplenishorincreasetheirsuppliesofwarmaterialor theirarmamentorcompletetheircrews,withinthewatersunderthecontrolofthe Commission.Onlysuchrepairsasareabsolutelynecessarytorenderthemseaworthyshall becarriedout,andtheyshallnotaddinanymannerwhatevertotheirfightingforce.The Commissionshalldecidewhatrepairsarenecessary,andthesemustbecarriedoutwiththe leastpossibledelay. (2)Thepassageofbelligerentwarshipsthroughthewatersunderthecontrolofthe Commissionshallbeeffectedwiththeleastpossibledelay,andwithoutanyother interruptionthanthatresultingfromthenecessitiesoftheservice. (3)ThestayofsuchwarshipsatportswithinthejurisdictionoftheCommissionshallnot exceedtwentyfourhoursexceptincaseofdistress.Insuchcasetheyshallbeboundtoleave assoonaspossible.Anintervalofatleasttwentyfourhoursshallalwayselapsebetweenthe sailingofabelligerentshipfromthewatersunderthecontroloftheCommissionandthe departureofashipbelongingtoanopposingbelligerent. (4)Anyfurtherregulationsaffectingintimeofwarthewatersunderthecontrolofthe Commission,andrelatinginparticulartothepassageofwarmaterialandcontraband destinedfortheenemiesofTurkey,orrevictualling,takinginstoresorcarryingoutrepairs inthesaidwaters,willbelaiddownbytheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE58. Prizesshallinallrespectsbesubjectedtothesameconditionsasbelligerentvesselsofwar. ARTICLE59. Nobelligerentshallembarkordisembarktroops,munitionsofwarorwarlikematerialsin thewatersunderthecontroloftheCommission,exceptincaseofaccidentalhindranceofthe passage,andinsuchcasesthepassageshallberesumedwithallpossibledespatch. ARTICLE60. NothinginArticles57,58or59shallbedeemedtolimitthepowersofabelligerentor belligerentsactinginpursuanceofadecisionbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE61.

AnydifferenceswhichmayarisebetweenthePowersastotheinterpretationorexecutionof theprovisionsofthisSection,andasregardsConstantinopleandHaidarPashaofthe provisionsofArticles335to344,PartXl(Ports,Waterways,andRailways)shallbereferred totheCommission.IntheeventofthedecisionoftheCommissionnotbeingacceptedbyany Power,thequestionshall,onthedemandofanyPowerconcerned,besettledasprovidedby theLeagueofNations,pendingwhosedecisiontherulingoftheCommissionwillbecarried out. ANNEX 1. TheChairmanshipoftheCommissionoftheStraitsshallberotatoryfortheperiodoftwo yearsamongthemembersoftheCommissionentitledtotwovotes. TheCommissionshalltakedecisionsbyamajorityvoteandtheChairmanshallhavea castingvote.Abstentionshallberegardedasavoteagainsttheproposalunderdiscussion. EachoftheCommissionerswillhavetherighttodesignateadeputyCommissionerto replacehiminhisabsence. 2 ThesalaryofeachmemberoftheCommissionwillbepaidbytheGovernmentwhich appointedhim;thesesalarieswillbefixedatreasonableamountsagreeduponfromtimeto timebetweentheGovernmentsrepresentedontheCommission. 3 ThesalariesofthepoliceofficersreferredtoinArticle48,ofsuchotherofficialsandofficers asmaybeappointedunderArticle51,andthepayofthelocalpolicereferredtoinArticle48, shallbepaidoutofthereceiptsfromtheduesandchargesleviedonshipping. TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothetermsandcondltionsofemploymentofall officersandofficialsappointed 4 TheCommissionshallhaveatitsdisposalsuchvesselsasmaybenecessarytoenableitto carryoutitsfunctionsaslaiddowninthisSectionandAnnex. 5 InordertocarryoutallthedutieswithwhichitischargedbytheprovisionsofthisSection andAnnexandwithinthelimitsthereinlaiddowntheCommissionwillhavethepowerto

prepare,issueandenforcethenecessaryregulations;thispowerwillincludetherightof amendingsofarasmaybenecessaryorrepealingtheexistingregulations. 6. TheCommissionshallframeregulationsastothemannerinwhichtheaccountsofall revenuesandexpenditureofthefundsunderitscontrolshallbekept,theauditingofsuch accountsandthepublicationeveryyearofafullandaccuratereportthereof. SECTIONIII. KURDISTAN. ARTICLE62. ACommissionsittingatConstantinopleandcomposedofthreemembersappointedbythe British,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsrespectivelyshalldraftwithinsixmonthsfromthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreatyaschemeoflocalautonomyforthepredominantly KurdishareaslyingeastoftheEuphrates,southofthesouthernboundaryofArmeniaasit maybehereafterdetermined,andnorthofthefrontierofTurkeywithSyriaand Mesopotamia,asdefinedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).Ifunanimitycannotbesecuredonany question,itwillbereferredbythemembersoftheCommissiontotheirrespective Governments.TheschemeshallcontainfullsafeguardsfortheprotectionoftheAssyro Chaldeansandotherracialorreligiousminoritieswithintheseareas,andwiththisobjecta CommissioncomposedofBritish,French,Italian,PersianandKurdishrepresentativesshall visitthespottoexamineanddecidewhatrectifications,ifany,shouldbemadeinthe Turkishfrontierwhere,undertheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,thatfrontiercoincides withthatofPersia. ARTICLE63. TheTurkishGovernmentherebyagreestoacceptandexecutethedecisionsofboththe CommissionsmentionedinArticle62withinthreemonthsfromtheircommunicationtothe saidGovernment. ARTICLE64. IfwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheKurdishpeoples withintheareasdefinedinArticle62shalladdressthemselvestotheCounciloftheLeague ofNationsinsuchamannerastoshowthatamajorityofthepopulationoftheseareas desiresindependencefromTurkey,andiftheCouncilthenconsidersthatthesepeoplesare capableofsuchindependenceandrecommendsthatitshouldbegrantedtothem,Turkey herebyagreestoexecutesucharecommendation,andtorenounceallrightsandtitleover theseareas. Thedetailedprovisionsforsuchrenunciationwillformthesubjectofaseparateagreement betweenthePrincipalAlliedPowersandTurkey.

Ifandwhensuchrenunciationtakesplace,noobjectionwillberaisedbythePrincipalAllied PowerstothevoluntaryadhesiontosuchanindependentKurdishStateoftheKurds inhabitingthatpartofKurdistanwhichhashithertobeenincludedintheMosulvilayet. SECTIONIV. SMYRNA. ARTICLE65. TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheadjacentterritory definedinArticle66,untilthedeterminationoftheirfinalstatusinaccordancewithArticle 83. ARTICLE66. ThegeographicallimitsoftheterritoryadjacenttothecityofSmyrnawillbelaiddownas follows: FromthemouthoftheriverwhichflowsintotheAegeanSeaabout5kilometresnorthof Skalanova,eastwards, thecourseofthisriverupstream; thensoutheastwards,thecourseofthesouthernbranchofthisriver; thensoutheastwards,tothewesternpointofthecrestoftheGumushDagh; AlinetobefixedonthegroundpassingwestofChinarK,andeastofAkcheOva; thencenortheastwards,thiscrestline; thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromAyasoluktoDeirmendik about1kilometrewestofBalachikstation, alinetobefixedonthegroundleavingtheroadandrailwayfromSokiatoBalachikstation entirelyinTurkishterritory; thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthesouthernboundaryoftheSandjakof Smyrna, alinetobefixedontheground; thencetoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhoodofBosDaghsituatedabout15 kilometresnortheastofOdemish, thesouthernandeasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna; thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenontherailwayfromManisatoAlashehrabout6 kilometreswestofSalihli, alinetobefixedontheground;

thencenorthwardstoGeurenezDagh, alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingeastofMermerGeulwestofKemer,crossingthe KumChaiapproximatelysouthofAkshalan,andthenfollowingthewatershedwestof Kavakalan; thencenorthwestwardstoapointtobechosenontheboundarybetweentheCazasof KirkagachandAkHissarabout18kilometreseastofKirkagachand20kilometresnorthof AkHissar, alinetobefixedontheground; thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheCazaofSoma, thesouthernboundaryoftheCazaofKirkagach, thencewestwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna, thesouthernboundaryoftheCazaofSoma; thencenorthwardstoitsjunctionwiththeboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna, thenortheasternboundaryoftheSandjakofSmyrna; thencewestwardstoapointtobechosenintheneighbourhood ofCharpajik(Tepe). thenorthernboundaryofthevilayetofSmyrna; thencenorthwardstoapointtobechosenonthegroundabout4kilometressouthwestof Keuiluje, alinetobefixedontheground; thencewestwardstoapointtobeselectedonthegroundbetweenCapeDahlinaandKemer Iskele, alinetobefixedonthegroundpassingsouthofKemerandKemerIskeletogetherwiththe roadjoiningtheseplaces. ARTICLE67. ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreatytotraceonthespottheboundariesoftheterritoriesdescribedinArticle66. ThisCommissionshallbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbytheBritish,Frenchand ItalianGovernmentsrespectively,onemembernominatedbytheGreekGovernment,and onenominatedbytheTurkishGovernment. ARTICLE68.

SubjecttotheprovisionsofthisSection,thecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedin Article66willbeassimilated,intheapplicationofthepresentTreaty,toterritorydetached fromTurkey. ARTICLE69 ThecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66remainunderTurkishsovereignty. Turkey,however,transferstotheGreekGovernmenttheexerciseofherrightsofsovereignty overthecityofSmyrnaandthesaidterritory.InwitnessofsuchsovereigntytheTurkishflag shallremainpermanentlyhoistedoveranouterfortinthetownofSmyrna.Thefortwillbe designatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers. ARTICLE70. TheGreekGovernmentwillberesponsiblefortheadministrationofthecityofSmyrnaand theterritorydefinedinArticle66,andwilleffectthisadministrationbymeansofabodyof officialswhichitwillappointspeciallyforthepurpose. ARTICLE71. TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtomaintaininthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritory definedinArticle66themilitaryforcesrequiredforthemaintenanceoforderandpublic security. ARTICLE72. Alocalparliamentshallbesetupwithanelectoralsystemcalculatedtoensureproportional representationofallsectionsofthepopulation,includingracial,linguisticandreligious minorities.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheGreek GovernmentshallsubmittotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsaschemeforanelectoral systemcomplyingwiththeaboverequirements;thisschemeshallnotcomeintoforceuntil approvedbyamajorityoftheCouncil. TheGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtopostponetheelectionsforsolongasmaybe requiredforthereturnoftheinhabitantswhohavebeenbanishedordeportedbythe Turkishauthorities,butsuchpostponementshallnotexceedaperiodofoneyearfromthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE73. TherelationsbetweentheGreekadministrationandthelocalparliamentshallbedetermined bythesaidadministrationinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoftheGreekConstitution. ARTICLE74.

CompulsorymilitaryserviceshallnotbeenforcedinthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritory definedinArticle66pendingthefinaldeterminationoftheirstatusinaccordancewith Article83. ARTICLE75. TheprovisionsoftheseparateTreatyreferredtoinArticle86relatingtotheprotectionof racial,linguisticandreligiousminorities,andtofreedomofcommerceandtransit,shallbe applicabletothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66. ARTICLE76. TheGreekGovernmentmayestablishaCustomsboundaryalongthefrontierlinedefinedin Article66,andmayincorporatethecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinthesaid ArticleintheGreekcustomssystem. ARTICLE77. TheGreekGovernmentengagestotakenomeasureswhichwouldhavetheeffectof depreciatingtheexistingTurkishcurrency,whichshallretainitscharacteraslegaltender pendingthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatus oftheterritory. ARTICLE78. TheprovisionsofPartXI(Ports,WaterwaysandRailways)relatingtotheregimeofportsof internationalinterest,freeportsandtransitshallbeapplicabletothecityofSmyrnaandthe territorydefinedinArticle66. ARTICLE79. Asregardsnationality,suchinhabitantsofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedin Article66asareofTurkishnationalityandcannotclaimanyothernationalityunderthe termsofthepresentTreatyshallbetreatedonexactlythesamefootingasGreeknationals. Greeceshallprovidefortheirdiplomaticandconsularprotectionabroad. ARTICLE80. TheprovisionsofArticle24I,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)willapplyinthecaseofthecityof SmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66. TheprovisionsofArticle293,PartIX(EconomicClauses)willnotbeapplicableinthecaseof thesaidcityandterritory. ARTICLE8I.

Untilthedetermination,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle83,ofthefinalstatusof SmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66,therightstoexploitthesaltmarshesof PhoceabelongingtotheAdministrationoftheOttomanPublicDebt,includingallplantand machineryandmaterialsfortransportbylandorsea,shallnotbealteredorinterferedwith. Notaxorchargeshallbeimposedduringthisperiodonthemanufacture,exportationor transportofsaltproducedfromthesemarshes.TheGreekadministrationwillhavetheright toregulateandtaxtheconsumptionofsaltatSymrnaandwithintheterritorydefinedin Article66. IfaftertheexpirationoftheperiodreferredtointheprecedingparagraphGreececonsidersit opportuhetoeffectchangesintheprovisionsabovesetforth,thesaltmarshesofPhoceawill betreatedasaconcessionandtheguaranteesprovidedbyArticle312,PartIX(Economic Clauses)willapply,subject,however,totheprovisionsofArticle246,PartVIII(Financial Clauses)ofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE82. SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreaty andwhichmayarisefromtheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisSection. ARTICLE83. Whenaperiodoffiveyearsshallhaveelapsedafterthecomingintoforceofthepresent TreatythelocalparliamentreferredtoinArticle72may,byamajorityofvotes,askthe CounciloftheLeagueofNationsforthedefinitiveincorporationintheKingdomofGreece ofthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedinArticle66.TheCouncilmayrequire,asa preliminary,aplebisciteunderconditionswhichitwilllaydown. Intheeventofsuchincorporationasaresultoftheapplicationoftheforegoingparagraph, theTurkishsovereigntyreferredtoinArticle69shallcease.Turkeyherebyrenouncesinthat eventinfavourofGreeceallrightsandtitleoverthecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefined inArticle66. SECTIONV. GREECE. ARTICLE84. WithoutprejudicetothefrontiersofBulgarialaiddownbytheTreatyofPeacesignedat NeuillysurSeineonNovember27,1919,TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallrightsand titleovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpireinEuropesituatedoutsidethefrontiers ofTurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty. TheislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraarenotincludedinthetransferofsovereigntyeffectedby theaboveparagraph.

TurkeyfurtherrenouncesinfavourofGreeceallherrightsandtitleovertheislandsof ImbrosandTenedos.ThedecisiontakenbytheConferenceofAmbassadorsatLondonin executionofArticles5oftheTreatyofLondonofMay1730,1913,and15oftheTreatyof AthensofNovember114,1913,andnotifiedtotheGreekGovermnentonFebruary13,1914, relatingtothesovereigntyofGreeceovertheotherislandsoftheEasternMediterranean, particularlyLemnos,Samothrace,Mytilene,Chios,SamosandNikaria,isconfirmed,without prejudicetotheprovisionsofthepresentTreatyrelatingtotheislandsplacedunderthe sovereigntyofItalyandreferredtoinArticle122,andtotheislandslyinglessthanthree milesfronthecoastofAsia. Nevertheless,intheportionofthezoneoftheStraitsandtheislands,referredtoinArticle 178,whichunderthepresentTreatyareplacedunderGreeksovereignty,Greeceacceptsand undertakestoobserve,failinganycontrarystipulationinthepresentTreaty,allthe obligationswhich,inordertoassurethefreedomoftheStraits,areimposedbythepresent TreatyonTurkeyinthatportionofthesaidzone,includingtheislandsoftheSeaof Marmora,whichremainsunderTurkishsovereignty. ARTICLE85. ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,1(2).This CommissionshallbecomposedoffourmembersnominatedbythePrincipalAlliedPowers, onemembernominatedbyGreece,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey. ARTICLE86. GreeceacceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybedeemed necessary,particularlyasregardsAdrianople,toprotecttheinterestsofinhabitantsofthat Statewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,languageorreligion. GreecefurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaseparateTreatysuchprovisionsasmaybe deemednecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitandequitabletreatmentforthecommerceof othernations. ARTICLE87. TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichGreecewillhaveto assumeonaccountoftheterritoryplacedunderhersovereigntywillbedeterminedin accordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty. SubsequentagreementswilldecideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythepresentTreaty andwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritories. SECTIONVI. ARMENIA.

ARTICLE88. Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognises ArmeniaasafreeandindependentState. ARTICLE89. TurkeyandArmeniaaswellastheotherHighContractingPartiesagreetosubmittothe arbitrationofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericathequestionofthefrontiertobe fixedbetweenTurkeyandArmeniainthevilayetsofErzerum,Trebizond,VanandBitlis, andtoaccepthisdecisionthereupon,aswellasanystipulationshemayprescribeasto accessforArmeniatothesea,andastothedemilitarisationofanyportionofTurkish territoryadjacenttothesaidfrontier. ARTICLE90. IntheeventofthedeterminationofthefrontierunderArticle89involvingthetransferofthe wholeoranypartoftheterritoryofthesaidVilayetstoArmenia,Turkeyherebyrenounces asfromthedateofsuchdecisionallrightsandtitleovertheterritorysotransferred.The provisionsofthepresentTreatyapplicabletoterritorydetachedfromTurkeyshall thereuponbecomeapplicabletothesaidterritory. TheproportionandnatureofthefinancialobligationsofTurkeywhichArmeniawillhaveto assume,oroftherightswhichwillpasstoher,onaccountofthetransferofthesaidterritory willbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles241to244,PartVIII(FinancialClauses)ofthe presentTreaty. Subsequentagreementswill,ifnecessary,decideallquestionswhicharenotdecidedbythe presentTreatyandwhichmayariseinconsequenceofthetransferofthesaidterritory. ARTICLE91. IntheeventofanyportionoftheterritoryreferredtoinArticle89beingtransferredto Armenia,aBoundaryCommission,whosecompositionwillbedeterminedsubsequently, willbeconstitutedwithinthreemonthsfromthedeliveryofthedecisionreferredtointhe saidArticletotraceonthespotthefrontierbetweenArmeniaandTurkeyasestablishedby suchdecision. ARTICLE92. ThefrontiersbetweenArmeniaandAzerbaijanandGeorgiarespectivelywillbedetermined bydirectagreementbetweentheStatesconcerned. IfineithercasetheStatesconcernedhavefailedtodeterminethefrontierbyagreementatthe dateofthedecisionreferredtoinArticle89,thefrontierlineinquestionwillbedetermined bythePricipalAlliedPowers,whowillalsoprovideforitsbeingtracedonthespot.

ARTICLE93. ArmeniaacceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowerssuch provisionsasmaybedeemednecessarybythesePowerstoprotecttheinterestsof inhabitantsofthatStatewhodifferfromthemajorityofthepopulationinrace,language,or religion. ArmeniafurtheracceptsandagreestoembodyinaTreatywiththePrincipalAlliedPowers suchprovisionsasthesePowersmaydeemnecessarytoprotectfreedomoftransitand equitabletreatmentforthecommerceofothernations. SECTIONVII. SYRIA,MESOPOTAMIA,PALESTINE. ARTICLE94. TheHighContractingPartiesagreethatSyriaandMesopotamiashall,inaccordancewiththe fourthparagraphofArticle22. PartI(CovenantoftheLeagueofNations),beprovisionallyrecognisedasindependent StatessubjecttotherenderingofadministrativeadviceandassistancebyaMandatoryuntil suchtimeastheyareabletostandalone. ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreatytotraceonthespotthefrontierlinedescribedinArticle27,II(2)and(3).This CommissionwillbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbyFrance,GreatBritainand Italyrespectively,andonemembernominatedbyTurkey;itwillbeassistedbya representativeofSyriafortheSyrianfrontier,andbyarepresentativeofMesopotamiafor theMesopotamianfrontier. ThedeterminationoftheotherfrontiersofthesaidStates,andtheselectionofthe Mandatories,willbemadebythePrincipalAlliedPowers. ARTICLE95. TheHighContractingPartiesagreetoentrust,byapplicationoftheprovisionsofArticle22, theadministrationofPalestine,withinsuchboundariesasmaybedeterminedbythe PrincipalAlliedPowers,toaMandatorytobeselectedbythesaidPowers.TheMandatory willberesponsibleforputtingintoeffectthedeclarationoriginallymadeonNovember2, 1917,bytheBritishGovernment,andadoptedbytheotherAlliedPowers,infavourofthe establishmentinPalestineofanationalhomefortheJewishpeople,itbeingclearly understoodthatnothingshallbedonewhichmayprejudicethecivilandreligiousrightsof existingnonJewishcommunitiesinPalestine,ortherightsandpoliticalstatusenjoyedby Jewsinanyothercountry. TheMandatoryundertakestoappointassoonaspossibleaspecialCommissiontostudyand regulateallquestionsandclaimsrelatingtothedifferentreligiouscommunities.Inthe

compositionofthisCommissionthereligiousinterestsconcernedwillbetakenintoaccount. TheChairmanoftheCommissionwillbeappointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE96. Thetermsofthemandatesinrespectoftheaboveterritorieswillbeformulatedbythe PrincipalAlliedPowersandsubmittedtotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsforapproval. ARTICLE97. Turkeyherebyundertakes,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle132,toacceptany decisionswhichmaybetakeninrelationtothequestionsdealtwithinthisSection. SECTIONVIII. HEDJAZ. ARTICLE98. Turkey,inaccordancewiththeactionalreadytakenbytheAlliedPowers,herebyrecognises theHedjazasafreeandindepedentState,andrenouncesinfavouroftheHedjazallrights andtitlesovertheterritoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpiresituatedoutsidethefrontiersof TurkeyaslaiddownbythepresentTreaty,andcomprisedwithintheboundarieswhichmay ultimatelybefixed. ARTICLE99. InviewofthesacredcharacterattributedbyMoslemsofallcountriestothecitiesandthe HolyPlacesofMeccaandMedinaHisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakestoassure freeandeasyaccesstheretotoMoslemsofeverycountrywhodesiretogothereon pilgrimageorforanyotherreligiousobject,andtorespectandensurerespectforthepious foundationswhichareormaybeestablishedtherebyMoslemsofanycountriesin accordancewiththepreceptsofthelawoftheKoran. ARTICLE100. HisMajestytheKingoftheHedjazundertakesthatincommercialmattersthemostcomplete equalityoftreatmentshallbeassuredintheterritoryoftheHedjaztothepersons,shipsand goodsofnationalsofanyoftheAlliedPowers,orofanyofthenewStatessetupinthe territoriesoftheformerTurkishEmpire,aswellastothepersons,shipsandgoodsof nationalsofStates,MembersoftheLeagueofNations. SECTIONIX. EGYPT,SOUDAN,CYPRUS. I.EGYPT. ARTICLE101.

TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleinoroverEgypt.Thisrenunciationshalltakeeffectas fromNovember5,1914.Turkeydeclaresthatinconformitywiththeactiontakenbythe AlliedPowerssherecognisestheProtectorateproclaimedoverEgyptbyGreatBritainon December18,1914. ARTICLE102. TurkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinEgyptonDecember18,1914,willacquireEgyptian nationalityipsofactoandwilllosetheirTurkishnationality,exceptthatifatthatdatesuch personsweretemporarilyabsentfrom,andhavenotsincereturnedto,Egypttheywillnot acquireEgyptiannationalitywithoutaspecialauthorisationfromtheEgyptianGovernment. ARTICLE103. TurkishsubjectswhobecameresidentinEgyptafterDecember18,1914,andarehabitually residentthereatthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatymay,subjecttothe conditionsprescribedinArticle105fortherightofoption,claimEgyptiannationality,but suchclaimmayinindividualcasesberefusedbythecompetentEgyptianauthority. ARTICLE104. ForallpurposesconnectedwiththepresentTreaty,EgyptandEgyptiannationals,their goodsandvessels,shallbetreatedonthesamefooting,asfromAugustI,1914,astheAllied Powers,theirnationals,goodsandvessels,andprovisionsinrespectofterritoryunder Turkishsovereignty,orofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresent Treaty,shallnotapplytoEgypt. ARTICLEI05. WithinaperiodofoneyearafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatypersonsover eighteenyearsofageacquiringEgyptiannationalityundertheprovisionsofArticle102will beentitledtooptforTurkishnationality.Incasesuchpersons,orthosewhounderArticle 103areentitledtoclaimEgyptiannationality,differinracefromthemajorityofthe populationofEgypt,theywillwithinthesameperiodbeentitledtooptforthenationalityof anyStateinfavourofwhichterritoryisdetachedfromTurkey,ifthemajorityofthe populationofthatStateisofthesameraceasthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt. Optionbyahusbandcoversawifeandoptionbyparentscoverstheirchildrenunder eighteenyearsofage. Personswhohaveexercisedtheaboverighttooptmust,exceptwhereauthorisedto continuetoresideinEgypt,transferwithintheensuingtwelvemonthstheirplaceof residencetotheStateforwhichtheyhaveopted.Theywillbeentitledtoretaintheir immovablepropertyinEgypt,andmaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofevery description.Noexportorimportdutiesorchargesmaybeimposedupontheminconnection withtheremovalofsuchproperty.

ARTICLE106. TheEgyptianGovernmentshallhavecompletelibertyofactioninregulatingthestatusof TurkishsubjectsinEgyptandtheconditionsunderwhichtheymayestablishthemselvesin theterritory. ARTICLE107. Egyptiannationalsshallbeentitled,whenabroad,toBritishdiplonlaticandconsular protection. ARTICLE108. EgyptiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallenjoythetreatmentaccordedtoBritishgoods. ARTICLE109. TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofGreatBritainthepowersconferreduponHisImperialMajesty theSultanbytheConventionsignedatConstantinopleonOctober29,1888,relatingtothe freenavigationoftheSuezCanal. ARTICLE110. AllpropertyandpossessionsinEgyptbelongingtotheTurkishGovernmentpasstothe EgyptianGovernmentwithoutpayment. ARTICLE111. AllmovableandimmovablepropertyinEgyptbelongingtoTurkishnationals(whodonot acquireEgyptiannationality)shallbedealtwithinaecordancewiththeprovisionsofPartIX (EconomieClauses)ofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE112. TurkeyrenouncesallclaimtothetributeformerlypaidbyEgypt. GreatBritainundertakestorelieveTurkeyofallliabilityinrespectoftheTurkishloans securedontheEgyptiantribute. Theseloansare: Theguaranteedloanof1855; Theloanof1894representingtheconvertedloansof1854and1871; Theloanof1891representingtheconvertedloanof1877.

ThesumswhichtheKhedivesofEgypthavefromtimetotimeundertakentopayovertothe housesbywhichtheseloanswereissuedwillbeappliedasheretoforetotheinterestandthe sinkingfundsoftheloansof1894and1891untilthefinalextinctionofthoseloans.The GovernmentofEgyptwillalsocontinuetoapplythesumhithertopaidtowardstheinterest ontheguaranteedloanof1855. Upontheextinctionoftheseloansof1894,1891and1855,allliabilityonthepartofthe EgyptianGovernmentarisingoutofthetributeformerlypaidbyEgypttoTurkeywillcease. 2.SOUDAN. ARTICLE113. TheHighContractingPartiesdeclareandplaceonrecordthattheyhavetakennoteofthe ConventionbetweentheBritishGovernmentandtheEgyptianGovernmentdefiningthe statusandregulatingtheadministrationoftheSoudan,signedonJanuaryI9,I899,as amendedbythesupplementaryConventionrelatingtothetownofSuakinsignedonJuly10, 1899. ARTICLE114. SoudaneseshallbeentitledwheninforeigncountriestoBritishdiplomaticandconsular protection. 3.CYPRUS ARTICLE115. TheHighContractingPartiesrecognisetheannexationofCyprusproclaimedbytheBritish GovernmentonNovember5,1914. ARTICLE116. TurkeyrenouncesallrightsandtitleoverorrelatingtoCyprus,includingtherighttothe tributeformerlypaidbythatislandtotheSultan. ARTICLE117. TurkishnationalsbornorhabituallyresidentinCypruswillacquireBritishnationalityand losetheirTurkishnationality,subjecttotheconditionslaiddowninthelocallaw. SECTIONX. MOROCCO,TUNIS.

 ARTICLE118. TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateinMorocco,andacceptsalltheconsequences thereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMarch30,1912. ARTICLE119. MoroccangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods. ARTICLE120. TurkeyrecognisestheFrenchProtectorateoverTunisandacceptsalltheconsequences thereof.ThisrecognitionshalltakeeffectasfromMay12,1881. TunisiangoodsenteringTurkeyshallbesubjecttothesametreatmentasFrenchgoods. SECTIONXI. LIBYA,AEGEANISLANDS. ARTICLE121. TurkeydefinitelyrenouncesallrightsandprivilegeswhichundertheTreatyofLausanneof October18,1912,werelefttotheSultaninLibya. ARTICLE122. TurkeyrenouncesinfavourofItalyallrightsandtitleoverthefollowingislandsofthe AegeanSea;Stampalia(Astropalia),Rhodes(Rhodos),Calki(Kharki),Scarpanto,Casos (Casso)Pscopis(Tilos),Misiros(Nisyros),Calymnos(Kalymnos)Leros,Patmos,Lipsos (Lipso),Sini(Symi),andCos(Kos),whicharenowoccupiedbyItaly,andtheislets dependentthereon,andalsoovertheislandofCastellorizzo. SECTIONXll. NATIONALITY. ARTICLE123. Turkishsubjectshabituallyresidentinterritorywhichinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof thepresentTreatyisdetachedfromTurkeywillbecomeipsofacto,intheconditionslaid downbythelocallaw,nationalsoftheStatetowhichsuchterritoryistransferred. ARTICLE124.

PersonsovereighteenyearsofagelosingtheirTurkishnationalityandobtainingipsofactoa newnationalityunderArticle123shallbeentitledwithinaperiodofoneyearfromthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreatytooptforTurkishnationality. ARTICLE125. PersonsovereighteenyearsofagehabituallyresidentinterritorydetachedfromTurkeyin accordancewiththepresentTreatyanddifferinginracefromthemajorityofthepopulation ofsuchterritoryshallwithinoneyearfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatybe entitledtooptforArmenia,Azerbaijan,Georgia,Greece,theHedjaz,Mesopotamia,Syria, BulgariaorTurkey,ifthemajorityofthepopulationoftheStateselectedisofthesamerace asthepersonexercisingtherighttoopt. ARTICLE126. PersonswhohaveexercisedtherighttooptinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticles124 or125mustwithinthesucceedingtwelvemonthstransfertheirplaceofresidencetotheState forwhichtheyhaveopted. TheywillbeentitledtoretaintheirimmovablepropertyintheterritoryoftheotherState wheretheyhadtheirplaceofresidencebeforeexercisingtheirrighttoopt. Theymaycarrywiththemtheirmovablepropertyofeverydescription.Noexportorimport dutiesmaybeimposedupontheminconnectionwiththeremovalofsuchproperty. ARTICLE127. TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketoputnohindranceinthewayoftheexerciseofthe rightwhichthepersonsconcernedhaveunderthepresentTreaty,orundertheTreatiesof PeaceconcludedwithGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungaryorunderanytreaty concludedbytheAlliedPowers,oranyofthem,withRussia,orbetweenanyoftheAllied Powersthemselves,tochooseanyothernationalitywhichmaybeopentothem. Inparticular,Turkeyundertakestofacilitatebyeverymeansinherpowerthevoluntary emigrationofpersonsdesiringtoavailthemselvesoftherighttooptprovidedbyArticle125, andtocarryoutanymeasureswhichmaybeprescribedwiththisobjectbytheCouncilofthe LeagueofNations. ARTICLE128. Turkeyundertakestorecogniseanynewnationalitywhichhasbeenormaybeacquiredby hernationalsunderthelawsoftheAlliedPowersornewStatesandinaccordancewiththe decisionsofthecompetentauthoritiesofthesePowerspursuanttonaturalisationlawsor underTreatystipulations,andtoregardsuchpersonsashaving,inconsequenceofthe acquisitionofsuchnewnationality,inallrespectsseveredtheirallegiancetotheircountryof origin.

Inparticular,personswhobeforethecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyhaveacquired thenationalityofoneoftheAlliedPowersinaccordancewiththelawofsuchPowershallbe recognisedbytheTurkishGovernmentasnationalsofsuchPowerandashavinglosttheir Turkishnationality,notwithstandinganyprovisionsofTurkishlawtothecontrary.No confiscationofpropertyorotherpenaltyprovidedbyTurkishlawshallbeincurredon accountoftheacquisitionofanysuchnationality. ARTICLE129. JewsofotherthanTurkishnationalitywhoarehabituallyresident,onthecomingintoforce ofthepresentTreaty,withintheboundariesofPalestine,asdeterminedinaccordancewith Article95willipsofactobecomecitizensofPalestinetotheexclusionofanyother nationality. ARTICLE130. ForthepurposesoftheprovisionsofthisSection,thestatusofamarriedwomanwillbe governedbythatofherhusbandandthestatusofchildrenundereighteenyearsofageby thatoftheirparents. ARTICLE131. TheprovisionsofthisSectionwillapplytothecityofSmyrnaandtheterritorydefinedin Article66asfromtheestablishmentofthefinalstatusoftheterritoryinaccordancewith Article83. SECTIONXIII. GENERALPROVISIONS. ARTICLE132. OutsideherfrontiersasfixedbythepresentTreatyTurkeyherebyrenouncesinfavourofthe PrincipalAlliedPowersallrightsandtitlewhichshecouldclaimonanygroundoveror concerninganyterritoriesoutsideEuropewhicharenototherwisedisposedofbythepresent Treaty. Turkeyundertakestorecogniseandconformtothemeasureswhichmaybetakennoworin thefuturebythePrincipalAlliedPowers,inagreementwherenecessarywiththirdPowers, inordertocarrytheabovestipulationintoeffect. ARTICLE133. TurkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceoftheTreatiesofPeaceandAdditional ConventionsconcludedbytheAlliedPowerswiththePowerswhofoughtonthesideof Turkey,andtorecognisewhateverdispositionshavebeenormaybemadeconcerningthe

territoriesoftheformerGermanEmpire,ofAustria,ofHungaryandofBulgaria,andto recognisethenewStateswithintheirfrontiersastherelaiddown. ARTICLE134. TurkeyherebyrecognisesandacceptsthefrontiersofGermany,Austria,Bulgaria,Greece, Hungary,Poland,Roumania,theSerbCroatSloveneStateandtheCzechoSlovakStateas thesefrontiersmaybedeterminedbytheTreatiesreferredtoinArticle133orbyany supplementaryconventions. ARTICLE135. Turkeyundertakestorecognisethefullforceofalltreatiesoragreementswhichmaybe enteredintobytheAlliedPowerswithStatesnowexistingorcomingintoexistenceinfuture inthewholeorpartoftheformerEmpireofRussiaasitexistedonAugust1,1914,andto recognisethefrontiersofanysuchStatesasdeterminedtherein. Turkeyacknowledgesandagreestorespectaspermanentandinalienabletheindependence ofthesaidStates. InaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle259,PartVIII(FinancialClauses),andArticle 277,PartIX(EconomicClauses),ofthepresentTreaty,Turkeyacceptsdefinitelythe abrogationoftheBrestLitovskTreatiesandofalltreatiesconventionsandagreements enteredintobyherwiththeMaximalistGovernmentinRussia. ARTICLE136. ACommissioncomposedoffourmembers,appointedbytheBritishEmpire,France,Italy andJapanrespectively,shallbesetupwithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty,toprepare,withtheassistanceoftechnicalexpertsrepresentingtheother capitulatoryPowers,Alliedorneutral,whowiththisobjectwilleachbeinvitedtoappoint anexpert,aschemeofjudicialreformtoreplacethepresentcapitulatorysysteminjudicial mattersinTurkey.ThisCommissionmayrecommend,afterconsultationwiththeTurkish Government,theadoptionofeitheramixedoranunifiedjudicialsystem. TheschemepreparedbytheCommissionwillbesubmittedtotheGovernmentsoftheAllied andneutralPowersconcerned.AssoonasthePrincipalAlliedPowershaveapprovedthe schemetheywillinformtheTurkishGovernment,whichherebyagreestoacceptthenew system. ThePrincipalAlliedPowersreservetherighttoagreeamongthemselves,andifnecessary withtheotherAlliedorneutralPowersconcerned,astothedateonwhichthenewsystemis tocomeintoforce. ARTICLE137.

WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofPartVII(Penalties),noinhabitantofTurkeyshallbe disturbedormolested,underanypretextwhatever,onaccountofanypoliticalormilitary actiontakenbyhim,oranyassistanceofanykindgivenbyhimtotheAlliedPowers,ortheir nationals,betweenAugust1,1914,andthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty;all sentencespronouncedagainstanyinhabitantofTurkeyfortheabovereasonsshallbe completelyannulled,andanyproceedingsalreadyinstitutedshallbearrested. ARTICLE138. NoinhabitantofterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyshall bedisturbedormolestedonaccountofhispoliticalattitudeafterAugust1,1914,orofthe determinationofhisnationalityeffectedinaccordancewiththepresentTreaty. ARTICLE139. TurkeyrenouncesformallyallrightsofsuzeraintyorjurisdictionofanykindoverMoslems whoaresubjecttothesovereigntyorprotectorateofanyotherState. NopowershallbeexerciseddirectlyorindirectlybyanyTurkishauthoritywhateverinany territorydetachedfromTurkeyorofwhichtheexistingstatusunderthepresentTreatyis recognisedbyTurkey. PARTIV. PROTECTIONOFMINORITIES. ARTICLE140. TurkeyundertakesthatthestipulationscontainedinArticles141,I45andI47shallbe recognisedasfundamentallaws,andthatnocivilormilitarylaworregulation,noImperial Iradehnorofficialactionshallconflictorinterferewiththesestipulations,norshallanylaw, regulation,ImperialIradehnorofficialactionprevailoverthem. ARTICLE141. Turkeyundertakestoassurefullandcompleteprotectionoflifeandlibertytoallinhabitants ofTurkeywithoutdistinctionofbirth,nationality,language,raceorreligion. AllinhabitantsofTurkeyshallbeentitledtothefreeexercise,whetherpublicorprivate,of anycreed,religionorbelief. Thepenaltiesforanyinterferencewiththefreeexerciseoftherightreferredtointhe precedingparagraphshallbethesamewhatevermaybethecreedconcerned. ARTICLE142.

Whereas,inviewoftheterroristregimewhichhasexistedinTurkeysinceNovember1,1914, conversionstoIslamcouldnottakeplaceundernormalconditions,noconversionssincethat datearerecognisedandallpersonswhowerenonMoslemsbeforeNovember1,1914,will beconsideredasstillremainingsuch,unless,afterregainingtheirliberty,theyvoluntarily performthenecessaryformalitiesforembracingtheIslamicfaith. Inordertorepairsofaraspossiblethewrongsinflictedonindividualsinthecourseofthe massacresperpetratedinTurkeyduringthewar,theTurkishGovernmentundertakesto affordalltheassistanceinitspowerorinthatoftheTurkishauthoritiesinthesearchforand deliveranceofallpersons,ofwhateverraceorreligion,whohavedisappeared,beencarried off,internedorplacedincaptivitysinceNovember1,1914. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitatetheoperationsofmixedcommissions appointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNationstoreceivethecomplaintsofthevictims themselves,theirfamiliesortheirrelations,tomakethenecessaryenquiries,andtoorderthe liberationofthepersonsinquestion. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoensuretheexecution ofthedecisionsofthesecommissions,andtoassurethesecurityandthelibertyofthe personsthusrestoredtothefullenjoymentoftheirrights. ARTICLE143 TurkeyundertakestorecognisesuchprovisionsastheAlliedPowersmayconsider opportunewithrespecttothereciprocalandvoluntaryemigrationofpersonsbelongingto racialminorities. TurkeyrenouncesanyrighttoavailherselfoftheprovisionsofArticleI6oftheConvention betweenGreeceandBulgariarelatingtoreciprocalemigration,signedatNeuillysurSeine onNovember27,19l9.WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty, GreeceandTurkeywillenterintoaspecialarrangementrelatingtothereciprocaland voluntaryemigrationofthepopulationsofTurkishandGreekraceintheterritories transferredtoGreeceandremainingTurkishrespectively. Incaseagreementcannotbereachedastosucharrangement,GreeceandTurkeywillbe entitledtoapplytotheCounciloftheLeagueofNations,whichwillfixthetermsofsuch arrangement. ARTICLE144. TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisestheinjusticeofthelawof1915relatingtoAbandoned Properties(EmvaliMetroukeh),andofthesupplementaryprovisionsthereof,anddeclares themtobenullandvoid,inthepastasinthefuture.

TheTurkishGovernmentsolemnlyundertakestofacilitatetothegreatestpossibleextentthe returntotheirhomesandreestablishmentintheirbusinessesoftheTurkishsubjectsofnon Turkishracewhohavebeenforciblydrivenfromtheirhomesbyfearofmassacreorany otherformofpressuresinceJanuary1,1914.Itrecognisesthatanyimmovableormovable propertyofthesaidTurkishsubjectsorofthecommunitiestowhichtheybelong,whichcan berecovered,mustberestoredtothemassoonaspossible,inwhateverhandsitmaybe found.Suchpropertyshallberestoredfreeofallchargesorservitudeswithwhichitmay havebeenburdenedandwithoutcompensationofanykindtothepresentownersor occupiers,subjecttoanyactionwhichtheymaybeabletobringagainstthepersonsfrom whomtheyderivedtitle. TheTurkishGovernmentagreesthatarbitralcommissionsshallbeappointedbytheCouncil oftheLeagueofNationswhereverfoundnecessary.Thesecommissionsshalleachbe composedofonerepresentativeoftheTurkishGovernment,onerepresentativeofthe communitywhichclaimsthatitoroneofitsmembershasbeeninjured,andaehairman appointedbytheCounciloftheLeagueofNations.Thesearbitralcommissionsshallhearall claimscoveredbythisArticleanddecidethembysummaryprocedure. Thearbitralcommissionswillhavepowertoorder: (1)TheprovisionbytheTurkishGovernmentoflabourforanyworkofreconstructionor restorationdeemednecessary.Thislabourshallberecruitedfromtheracesinhabitingthe territorywherethearbitralcommissionconsiderstheexecutionofthesaidworkstobe necessary (2)Theremovalofanypersonwho,afterenquiry,shallberecognisedashavingtakenan activepartinmassacresordeportationsorashavingprovokedthem;themeasurestobe takenwithregardtosuchpersonspossessionswillbeindicatedbythecommission; (3)Thedisposalofpropertybelongingtomembersofacommunitywhohavediedor disappearedsinceJanuary1,1914,withoutleavingheirs;suchpropertymaybehandedover tothecommunityinsteadoftotheState (4)Thecancellationofallactsofsaleoranyactscreatingrightsoverimmovableproperty concludedafterJanuary1,I914.Theindemnificationoftheholderswillbeachargeuponthe TurkishGovernment,butmustnotserveasapretextfordelayingtherestitution.Thearbitral commissionwill,howeverhavethepowertoimposeequitablearrangementsbetweenthe interestedparties,ifanysumhasbeenpaidbythepresentholderofsuchproperty. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofacilitateinthefullestpossiblemeasuretheworkof thecommissionsandtoensuretheexecutionoftheirdecisions,whichwillbefinal.No decisionoftheTurkishjudicialoradministrativeauthoritiesshallprevailoversuch decisions. ARTICLE145.

AllTurkishnationalsshallbeequalbeforethelawandshallenjoythesamecivilandpolitical rightswithoutdistinctionastorace,languageorreligion. Differenceofreligion,creedorconfessionshallnotprejudiceanyTurkishnationalinmatters relatingtotheenjoymentofcivilorpoliticalrights,asforinstanceadmissiontopublic employments,functionsandhonours,ortheexerciseofprofessionsandindustries. WithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheTurkish GovernmentwillsubmittotheAlliedPowersaschemefortheorganisationofanelectoral systembasedontheprincipleofproportionalrepresentationofracialminorities. NorestrictionshallbeimposedonthefreeusebyanyTurkishnationalofanylanguagein privateintercourse,incommerce,religion,inthepressorinpublicationsofanykind,orat publicmeetings.AdequatefacilitiesshallbegiventoTurkishnationalsofnonTurkish speechfortheuseoftheirlanguage,eitherorallyorinwriting,beforethecourts. ARTICLE146. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecognizethevalidityofdiplomasgrantedby recognisedforeignuniversitiesandschools,andtoadmittheholdersthereoftothefree exerciseoftheprofessionsandindustriesforwhichsuchdiplomasqualify. ThisprovisionwillapplyequallytonationalsofAlliedpowerswhoareresidentinTurkey. ARTICLE147. Turkishnationalswhobelongtoracial,religiousorlinguisticminoritiesshallenjoytheame treatmentandsecurityinlawandinfactasotherTurkishnationals.Inparticulartheyshall haveanequalrighttoestablish,manageandcontrolattheirownexpense,and independentlyofandwithoutinterferencebytheTurkishauthorities,anycharitable, religiousandsocialinstitutions,schoolsforprimary,secondaryandhigherinstructionand othereducationalestablishments,withtherighttousetheirownlanguageandtoexercise theirownreligionfreelytherein. ARTICLE148. IntownsanddistrictswherethereisaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationals belongingtoracial,linguisticorreligiousminorities,theseminoritiesshallbeassuredan equitableshareintheenjoymentandapplicationofthesumswhichmaybeprovidedoutof publicfundsundertheState,municipalorotherbudgetsforeducationalorcharitable purposes. Thesumsinquestionshallbepaidtothequalifiedrepresentativesofthecommunities concerned. ARTICLE149.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecogniseandrespecttheecclesiasticaland scholasticautonomyofallracialminoritiesinTurkey.Forthispurpose,andsubjecttoany provisionstothecontraryinthepresentTreaty,theTurkishGovernmentconfirmsandwill upholdintheirentiretytheprerogativesandimmunitiesofanecclesiastical,scholasticor judicialnaturegrantedbytheSultanstononMoslemracesinvirtueofspecialordersor imperialdecrees(firmans,hattis,berats,etc.)aswellasbyministerialordersorordersofthe GrandVizier. Alllaws,decrees,regulationsandcircularsissuedbytheTurkishGovernmentand containingabrogations,restrictionsoramendmentsofsuchprerogativesandimmunities shallbeconsideredtosuchextentnullandvoid. AnymodificationoftheTurkishjudicalsystemwhichmaybeintroducedinaccordancewith theprovisionsofthepresentTreatyshallbeheldtooverridethisArticle,insofarassuch modificationmayaffectindividualsbelongingtoracialminorities. ARTICLE150. IntownsanddistrictswherethereisresidentaconsiderableproportionofTurkishnationals oftheChristianorJewishreligionstheTurkishGovernmentundertakesthatsuchTurkish nationalsshallnotbecompelledtoperformanyactwhichconstitutesaviolationoftheir faithorreligiousobservances,andshallnotbeplacedunderanydisabilitybyreasonoftheir refusaltoattendcourtsoflawortoperformanylegalbusinessontheirweeklydayofrest. Thisprovision,however,shallnotexemptsuchTurkishnationals(ChristiansorJews)from suchobligationsasshallbeimposeduponallotherTurkishnationalsforthepreservationof publicorder. ARTICLE151. ThePrincipalAlliedPowers,inconsultationwiththeCounciloftheLeagueofNations,will decidewhatmeasuresarenecessarytoguaranteetheexecutionoftheprovisionsofthisPart. TheTurkishGovernmentherebyacceptsalldecisionswhichmaybetakenonthissubject. PARTV. MILITARY,NAVALANDAIRCLAUSES. Inordertorenderpossibletheinitiationofagenerallimitationofthearmamentsofall nations,Turkeyundertakesstrictlytoobservethemilitary,navalandairclauseswhich follow. SECTIONI. MILITARYCLAUSES. CHAPTERI.

GENERALCLAUSES. ARTICLE152. ThearmedforceatthedisposalofTurkeyshallonlyconsistof: (I)TheSultansbodyguard; (2)Troopsofgendarmerie,intendedtomaintainorderandsecurityintheinteriorandto ensuretheprotectionofminorities (3)Specialelementsintendedforthereinforcementofthetroopsofgendarmerieincaseof serioustrouble,andeventuallytoensurethecontrolofthefrontiers. ARTICLE153. WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,themilitaryforcesother thanthatprovidedforinArticle152shallbedemobilisedanddisbanded. CHAPTERII. EFFECTIVES,ORGANISATIONANDCADRESOFTHETURKISHARMEDFORCE. ARTICLE154. TheSultansbodyguardshallconsistofastaffandinfantryandcavalryunits,thestrengthof whichshallnotexceed700offirersandmen.Thisstrengthisnotincludedinthetotalforce providedforinArticle155. Thecompositionofthisguardisgivenin<a href=http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil1.gif>Table1annexedtothis Section.</a> ARTICLE155. Thetotalstrengthoftheforcesenumeratedinparagraphs(2)and(3)ofArticle152shallnot exceed50,000men,includingstaffs,offficers,trainingpersonnelanddepottroops. ARTICLE156. ThetroopsofgendarmerieshallbedistributedovertheterritoryofTurkey,whichforthis purposewillbedividedintoterritorialareastobedelimitedasprovidedinArticle200. Alegionofgendarmerie,composedofmountedandunmountedtroops,providedwith machinegunsandwithadministrativeandmedicalserviceswillbeorganisedineach territorialregion,itwillsupplyinthevilayets,sandjaks,cazas,etc.,thedetachments

necessaryfortheorganisationofafixedprotectiveservice,mobilereservesbeingatits disposalatoneormorepointswithintheregion. Onaccountoftheirspecialduties,thelegionsshallnotincludeeitherartilleryortechnical services. Thetotalstrengthofthelegionsshallnotexceed35,000men,tobeincludedinthetotal strengthofthearmedforceprovidedforinArticle155. Themaximumstrengthofanyonelegionshallnotexceedonequarterofthetotalstrengthof thelegions. Theelementsofanyonelegionshallnotbeemployedoutsidetheterritoryoftheirregion, exceptbyspecialauthorisationfromtheInterAlliedCommissionprovidedforinArticle200. ARTICLE157. Thespecialelementsforreinforcementsmayincludedetailsofinfantry,cavalry,mountain artillery,pioneersandthecorrespondingtechnicalandgeneralservices;theirtotalstrength shallnotexceed15,000men,tobeincludedinthetotalstrengthprovidedforinArticle155. Thenumberofsuchreinforcementsforanyonelegionshallnotexceedonethirdofthe wholestrengthoftheseelementswithoutthespecialauthorityoftheInterAllied CommissionprovidedforinArticle200. Theproportionofthevariousarmsandservicesenteringintothecompositionofthese specialelementsislaiddowninTableIIannexedtothisSection. TheirquarteringwillbefixedasprovidedinArticle200. To<ahref=http://http://www.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/maps/s_mil2.gif>Table2</a> ARTICLE158. IntheformationsreferredtoinArticles156and157,theproportionofofficers,includingthe personnelofstaffsandspecialservices,shallnotexceedonetwentiethofthetotaleffectives withthecolours,andthatofnoncommissionedofficersshallnotexceedonetwelfthofthe totaleffectiveswiththecolours. ARTICLE159. OffficerssuppliedbythevariousAlliedorneutralPowersshailcollaborate,underthe directionoftheTurkishGovernment,inthecommand,theorganisationandthetrainingof thegendarmerieofficersauthorisedbyArticle158,buttheirnumbershallnotexceedfifteen percent.ofthatstrength.SpecialagreementstobedrawnupbytheInterAlliedCommission mentionedinArticle200shallfixtheproportionoftheseoffficersaccordingtonationality,

andshalldeterminetheconditionsoftheirparticipationinthevariousmissionsassignedto thembythisArticle. ARTICLE160. InanyoneterritorialregionallofficersplacedatthedisposaloftheTurkishGovernment undertheconditionslaiddowninArticle159shallinprinciplebeofthesamenationality. ARTICLE161. InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178,excludingtheislandsof Lemnos,Imbros,SamothraceTenedosandMitylene,theforcesoTurkish,willbeunderthe InterAlliedCommandoftheforcesinoccupationofthatzone. ARTICLE162. Allmeasuresofmobilisation,orappertainingtomobilisationortendingtoanincreaseofthe strengthorofthemeansoftransportofanyoftheforcesprovidedforinthisChapterare forbidden. Thevariousformations,staffsandadministrativeservicesshallnot,inanycase,include supplementarycadres. ARTICLE163. WithintheperiodfixedbyArticle153,allexistingforcesofgendarmerieshallbe amalgamatedwiththelegionsprovidedforinArticle156. ARTICLE164. TheformationofanybodyoftroopsnotprovidedforinthisSectionisforbidden. Thesuppressionofexistingformationswhichareinexcessoftheauthorisedstrengthof 50,000men(notincludingtheSultansbodyguard)shallbeeffectedprogressivelyfromthe dateofthesignatureofthepresentTreaty,insuchmannerastobecompletedwithinsix monthsatthelatestafterthecomingintoforceoftheTreaty,inaccordancewiththe provisionsofArticle158. Thenumberofoffficers,orpersonsinthepositionofoffficers,intheWarMinistryandthe TurkishGeneralStaff,aswellasintheadministrationsattachedtothem,shail,withinthe sameperiod,bereducedtotheestablishmentconsideredbytheCommissionreferredtoin Article200asstrictlynecessaryforthegoodworkingofthegeneralservicesofthearmed Turkishforce,thisestablishmentbeingincludedinthemaximumfigurelaiddowninArticle 158.

CHAPTERIII. RECRUITING. ARTICLE165. TheTurkisharmedforceshallinfuturebeconstitutedandrecruitedbyvoluntaryenlistment only. EnlistmentshallbeopentoallsubjectsoftheTurkishStateequally,withoutdistinctionof raceorreligion. AsregardsthelegionsreferredtoinArticle156,theirsystemofrecruitingshallbein principleregional,andsoregulatedthattheMoslemandnonMoslemelementsofthe populationofeachregionmaybe,sofaraspossible,representedonthestrengthofthe correspondinglegion. Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphsapplytooffficersaswellastomen. ARTICLE166. Thelengthofengagementofnoncommissionedofficersandmenshallbetwelve consecutiveyears. Theannualreplacementofmenreleasedfromserviceforanyreasonwhateverbeforethe expirationoftheirtermofengagementshallnotexceedfivepercent.ofthetotaleffectives fixedhyArticle155. ARTICLE167. Allofficersmustberegulars(officersdecarrire). Officersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoareretainedinthenew armedforcemustundertaketoserveatleastuptotheageoffortyfive. Offficersatpresentservinginthearmyorthegendarmeriewhoarenotadmittedtothenew armedforceshallbedefinitelyreleasedfromallmilitaryobligations,andmustnottakepart inanymilitaryexercises,theoreticalorpractical. Officersnewlyappointedmustundertaketoserveontheactivelistforatleasttwentyfive consecutiveyears. Theannualreplacementofofficersleavingtheserviceforanycausebeforetheexpirationof theirtermofengagementshallnotexceedfivepercent.ofthetotaleffectivesofofficers providedbyArticle158.

CHAPTERIV. SCHOOLS,EDUCATIONALESTABLISHMENTS,MILITARYCLASSANDSOCIETIES ARTICLE168. OntheexpirationofthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythere mustonlyexistinTurkeythenumberofmilitaryschoolswhichisabsolutelyindispensable fortherecruitmentofoffficersandnoncommissionedofficersoftheunitsallowed,i.e.: schoolforofficers; 1schoolperterritorialregionfornoncommissionedofficers. Thenumberofstudentsadmittedtoinstructionintheseschoolsshallbestrictlyin proportiontothevacanciestobefilledinthecadresofofficersandnoncommissioned officers. ARTICLE169. Educationalestablishments,otherthanthosereferredtoinArticle168,aswellasallsporting orothersocieties,mustnotoccupythemselveswithanymilitarymatters. CHAPTERV. CUSTOMSOFFICIALS,LOCALURBANANDRURALPOLICE,FORESTGUARDS. ARTICLE170. WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofArticle48,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),thenumberof customsofficials,localurbanorruralpolice,forestguardsorotherlikeofficialsshallnot exceedthenumberofmenemployedinasimilarcapacityin1913withintheterritoriallimits ofTurkeyasfixedbythepresentTreaty. Thenumberoftheseofficialsmayonlybeincreasedinthefutureinproportiontothe increaseofpopulationinthelocalitiesormunicipalitieswhichemploythem. Theseemployeesandofficials,aswellasthoseemployedintherailwayservice,mustnotbe assembledforthepurposeoftakingpartinanymilitaryexercises. Ineachadministrativedistrictthelocalurbanandruralpoliceandforestguardsshallbe recruitedandofficeredaccordingtotheprincipleslaiddowninthecaseofthegendarmerie byArticle165. IntheTurkishpolice,which,asformingpartoftheciviladministrationofTurkey,will remaindistinctfromtheTurkisharmedforce,officersorofficialssuppliedbythevarious

AlliedorneutralPowersshallcollaborate,underthedirectionoftheTurkishGovernment,in theorganisationthecommandandthetrainingofthesaidpolice.Thenumberofthese officersorofficialsshallnotexceedfifteenpercent.ofthestrengthofsimilarTurkishofficers orofficials. CHAPTERVI. ARMAMENT,MUNITIONSANDMATERIAL ARTICLE171. OntheexpirationofsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,the armamentwhichmaybeinuseorheldinreserveforreplacementinthevariousformations oftheTurkisharmedforceshallnotexceedthefiguresfixedperthousandmeninTableIII annexedtothisSection. ARTICLE172 ThestockofmunitionsatthedisposalofTurkeyshallnotexceedtheamountsfixedinTable IIIannexedtothisSection. ARTICLE173. WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallexistingarms, munitionsofthevariouscategoriesandwarmaterialinexcessofthequantitiesauthorised shallbehandedovertotheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlprovidedforin Article200insuchplacesasshallbeappointedbythisCommission. ThePrincipalAlliedPowerswilldecidewhatistobedonewiththismaterial. ARTICLE174. Themanufactureofarms,munitionsandwarmaterial,includingaircraftandpartsofaircraft ofeverydescription,shalltakeplaceonlyinthefactoriesorestablishmentsauthorisedbythe InterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200. WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallotherestablishments forthemanufacture,preparation,storageordesignofarms,munitionsoranywarmaterial shallbeabolishedorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses. Thesamewillapplytoallarsenalsotherthanthoseutilisedasdepotsfortheauthorised stocksofmunitions. Theplantofestablishmentsorarsenalsinexcessofthatrequiredfortheauthorised manufactureshallberendereduselessorconvertedtopurelycommercialuses,inaccordance

withthedecisionsoftheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlreferredtoinArticle 200. ARTICLE175 TheimportationintoTurkeyofarms,munitionsandwarmaterials,includingaircraftand partsofaircraftofeverydescription,isstrictlyforbidden,exceptwiththespecialauthorityof theInterAlliedCommissionreferredtoinArticle200. Themanufactureforforeigncountriesandtheexportationofarms,munitionsandwar materialofanydescriptionisalsoforbidden. ARTICLE176. Theuseofflamethrowers,asphyxiating,poisonousorothergasesandallsimilarliquids, materialsorprocessesbeingforbidden,theirmanufactureandimportationarestrictly forbiddeninTurkey. Materialspeciallyintendedforthemanufacture,storageoruseofthesaidproductsor processesisequallyforbidden. ThemanufactureandimportationintoTurkeyofarmouredcars,tanksoranyothersimilar machinessuitableforuseinwarareequallyforbidden. CHAPTERVII. FORTIFICATIONS ARTICLE177. InthezoneoftheStraitsandislandsreferredtoinArticle178thefortificationswillbe disarmedanddemolishedasprovidedinthatArticle. Outsidethiszone,andsubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle89,theexistingfortifiedworksmay bepreservedintheirpresentcondition,butwillbedisarmedwithinthesameperiodofthree months. CHAPTERVIII. MAINTENANCEOFTHEFREEDOMOFTHESTRAITS ARTICLE178. ForthepurposeofguaranteeingthefreedomoftheStraits,theHighContractingParties agreetothefollowingprovisions:

(I)WithinthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,allworks, fortificationsandbatterieswithinthezonedefinedinArticle179andcomprisingthecoast andislandsoftheSeaofMarmoraandthecoastoftheStraits,alsothoseintheIslandsof Lemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,TenedosandMitylene,shallbedisarmedanddemolished. Thereconstructionoftheseworksandtheconstructionofsimilarworksareforbiddeninthe abovezoneandislands.France,GreatBritainandItalyshallhavetherighttopreparefor demolitionanyexistingroadsandrailwaysinthesaidzoneandintheislandsofLemnos, Imbros,Samothrace,andTenedoswhichallowoftherapidtransportofmobilebatteries,the constructionthereofsuchroadsandrailwaysremainingforbidden. IntheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,SamothraceandTenedostheconstructionofnewroadsor railwaysmustnotbeundertakenexceptwiththeauthorityofthethreePowersmentioned above. (2)Themeasuresprescribedinthefirstparagraphof(I)shallbeexecutedbyandatthe expenseofGreeceandTurkeyasregardstheirrespectiveterritories,andundercontrolas providedinArticle203. (3)TheterritoriesofthezoneandtheislandsofLemnos,Imbros,Samothrace,Tenedos,and Mityleneshallnotbeusedformilitarypurposes,exceptbythethreeAlliedPowersreferred toabove,actinginconcert.Thisprovisiondoesnotexcludetheemploymentinthesaidzone andislandsofforcesofGreekandTurkishgendarmerie,whowillbeundertheInterAllied commandoftheforcesofoccupation,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle161,nor themaintenanceofagarrisonofGreektroopsintheislandofMitylene,northepresenceof theSultansbodyguardreferredtoinArticle152. (4)ThesaidPowers,actinginconcert,shallhavetherighttomaintaininthesaidterritories andislandssuchmilitaryandairforcesastheymayconsidernecessarytopreventanyaction beingtakenorpreparedwhichmightdirectlyorindirectlyprejudicethefreedomofthe Straits. Thissupervisionwillbecarriedoutinnavalmattersbyaguardshipbelongingtoeachofthe saidAlliedPowers. Theforcesofoccupationreferredtoabovemay,incaseofnecessity,exerciseonlandthe rightofrequisition,subjecttothesameconditionsasthoselaiddownintheRegulations annexedtotheFourthHagueConvention,1907,oranyotherConventionreplacingitto whichallthesaidPowersareparties.Requisitionsshall,however,onlybemadeagainst paymentonthespot. ARTICLE179. ThezonereferredtoinArticle178isdefinedasfollows: (I)InEurope:

FromKarachaliontheGulfofXerosnortheastwards, alinereachingandthenfollowingthesouthernboundaryofthebasinoftheBeylikDereto thecrestoftheKuruDagh; thenfollowingthatcrestline, thenastraightlinepassingnorthofEmerli,andsouthofDerelar, thencurvingnorthnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoMalgara3 kilometreswestofAinarjikandthenpassing6kilometressoutheastofOrtajaKeui, thencurvingnortheastwardsandcuttingtheroadfromRodostotoHairobolu18kilometres northwestofRodosto, thentoapointontheroadfromMuradlitoRodostoaboutkilometresouthofMuradli, astraightline; thenceeastnortheastwardsto.YeniKeui, astraightline,modified,however,soastopassataminimumdistanceof2kilometresnorth oftherailwayfromChorlutoChatalja; thencenorthnortheastwardstoapointwestofIstranja, situatedonthefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2), astraightlineleavingthevillageofYeniKeuiwithinthezone;thencetotheBlackSea, thefrontierofTurkeyinEuropeasdefinedinArticle27,1(2). (2)InAsia: FromapointtobedeterminedbythePrincipalAlliedPowersbetweenCapeDahlinaand KemerIskeleonthegulfofAdramideastnortheastwards, alinepassingsouthofKemerIskeleandKemertogetherwiththeroadjoiningtheseplaces; thentoapointimmediatelysouthofthepointwheretheDecauvillerailwayfromOsmanlar toUrchanlarcrossestheDiermenDere, astraightline; thencenortheastwardstoManiasGeul, alinefollowingtherightbankoftheDiermenDere,andKaraDereSuyu; thenceeastwards,thesouthernshoreofManiasGeul; thentothepointwhereitiscrossedbytherailwayfromPandermatoSusighirli,thecourse oftheKaraDereupstream; thenceeastwardstoapointontheAdranosChaiaboutkilometresfromitsmouthnearKara Oghlan, astraightline; thenceeastwards,thecourseofthisriverdownstreamthenthesouthernshoreofAbulliont Geul; thentothepointwheretherailwayfromMudaniatoBrusacrossestheUlferChai,about5 kilometresnorthwestofBrusa, astraightline; thencenortheastwardstotheconfluenceoftheriversabout6kilometresnorthofBrusa, thecourseoftheUlferChaidownstream; thenceeastwardstothesouthernmostpointofIznikGeul,

astraightline; thencetoapoint2kilometresnorthofIznik, thesouthernandeasternshoresofthislake; thencenortheastwardstothewesternmostpointofSbanajaGeul, alinefollowingthecrestlineChirchirChesme,SiraDagh, ElmaliDagh,KalpakDagh,AyuTepe,HekimTepe;thencenorthwardstoapointonthe roadfromIsmidtoArmasha,8kilometressouthwestofArmasha, alinefollowingasfaraspossibletheeasternboundaryofthebasinoftheChojaliDere; thencetoapointontheBlackSea,2kilometreseastofthemouthoftheAkabadR, astraightline. ARTICLE180. ACommissionshallbeconstitutedwithinfifteendaysfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreatytotraceonthespottheboundariesofthezonereferredtoinArticle178, exceptinsofarastheseboundariescoincidewiththefrontierlinedescribedinArticle 27,1(2).ThisCommissionshallbecomposedofthreemembersnominatedbythemilitary authoritiesofFrance,GreatBritainandItalyrespectively,with,fortheportionofthezone placedunderGreeksovereignty,onemembernominatedbytheGreekGovernment,and,for theportionofthezoneremainingunderTurkishsovereignty,onemembernominatedbythe TurkishGovernment.ThedecisionsoftheCommission,whichwillbetakenbyamajority, shallbebindingonthepartiesconcerned.TheexpensesofthisCommissionwillbeincluded intheexpensesoftheoccupationofthesaidzone. SECTIONII. NAVALCLAUSES. ARTICLE181. FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallwarshipsinternedinTurkishportsin accordancewiththeArmisticeofOctober30,1918,aredeclaredtobefinallysurrenderedto thePrincipalAlliedPowers. Turkeywill,however,retaintherighttomaintainalonghercoastsforpoliceandfishery dutiesanumberofvesselswhichshallnotexceed: 7sloops, 6torpedoboats. ThesevesselswillconstitutetheTurkishMarine,andwillbechosenbytheNavalInter AlliedCommissionofControlreferredtoinArticle201fromamongstthefollowingvessels: SLOOPS

AidanReis. BurockReis. Sakis. Prevesah.

HizirReis. KemalReis. IssaReis.

TORPEDOBOATS
SisriHissar.Moussoul. SultanHissor.AckHissar. Drach.Younnous.

Theauthorityestablishedforthecontrolofcustomswillbeentitledtoappealtothethree AlliedPowersreferredtoinArticle178inordertoobtainamoreconsiderableforce,ifsuch anincreaseisconsideredindispensableforthesatisfactoryworkingoftheservices concerned. Sloopsmaycarryalightarmamentoftwogunsinferiorto77m/m.andtwomachineguns. Torpedoboats(orpatrollaunches)maycarryalightarmamentofoneguninferiorto77 m/m.Allthetorpedoesandtorpedotubesonboardwillberemoved. ARTICLE182. Turkeyisforbiddentoconstructoracquireanywarshipsotherthanthoseintendedto replacetheunitsreferredtoinArticle181.Torpedoboatsshallbereplacedbypatrol launches. Thevesselsintendedforreplacementpurposesshallnotexceed:600tonsinthecaseof sloops; l00tonsinthecaseofpatrollaunches. Exceptwhereashiphasbeenlost,sloopsandtorpedoboatsshallonlybereplacedaftera periodoftwentyyears,countingfromthelaunchingoftheship. ARTICLE183. TheTurkisharmedtransportsandfleetauxiliariesenumeratedbelowshallbedisarmedand treatedasmerchantships: RechidPasha(latePortAntonio). TiriMujghion(latePembrokeCastle). Kiresund(lateWarwickCastle).

Millet(lateSeagull). Akdeniz. BosphorusferryboatsNos.60,61,63and70. ARTICLE184. Allwarships,includingsubmarines,nowunderconstructioninTurkeyshallbebrokenup, withtheexceptionofsuchsurfacevesselsascanbecompletedforcommercialpurposes. Theworkofbreakingupthesevesselsshallbecommencedonthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty. ARTICLE185. Articles,machineryandmaterialarisingfromthebreakingupofTurkishwarshipsofall kinds,whethersurfacevesselsorsubmarines,maynotbeusedexceptforpurelyindustrial orcommercialpurposes.Theymaynotbesoldordisposedoftoforeigncountries. ARTICLE186. Theconstructionoracquisitionofanysubmarine,evenforcommercialpurposes,shallbe forbiddeninTurkey. ARTICLE187. ThevesselsoftheTurkishMarineenumeratedinArticle181musthaveonboardorin reserveonlytheallowanceofwarmaterialandarmamentsfixedbytheNavalInterAllied CommissionofControlreferredtoinArticle201.Withinamonthfromthetimewhenthe abovequantitiesarefixedallarmamentsrmunitionsorothernavalwarmaterialincluding minesandtorpedoes,belongingtoTurkeyatthetimeofthesigningoftheArmisticeof October30,1918,mustbedefinitelysurrenderedtothePrincipalAlliedPowers. ThemanufactureofthesearticlesinTurkishterritoryfor,andtheirexportto,foreign countriesshallbeforbidden. Allotherstocks,depotsorreservesofarms,munitionsornavalwarmaterialofallkindsare forbidden. ARTICLE188. TheNavalInterAlliedCommissionofControlwillfixthenumberofofficersandmenofall gradesandcorpstobeadmittedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle189,intothe TurkishMarine.ThisnumberwillincludethepersonnelformanningtheshipslefttoTurkey

inaccordancewithArticle181,andtheadministrativepersonnelofthepoliceandfisheries protectionservicesandofthesemaphorestations. Withintwomonthsfromthetimewhentheabovenumberisfixed,thepersonnelofthe formerTurkishNavyinexcessofthisnumbershallbedemobilised. NonavalormilitarycorpsorreserveforceinconnectionwiththeTurkishMarinemaybe organisedinTurkeywithoutbeingincludedintheabovestrength. ARTICLE189. ThepersonneloftheTurkishMarineshallberecuitedentirelybyvoluntaryengagements enteredintoforaminimumperiodoftwentyfiveconsecutiveyearsforofficers,andtwelve consecutiveyearsforpettyofficersandmen. Thenumberengagedtoreplacethosedischargedforanyreasonotherthantheexpirationof theirtermofservicemustnotexceedfivepercent.perannumofthetotalpersonnelfixedby theNavalInterAlliedCommissionofControl. ThepersonneldischargedfromtheformerTurkishNavymustnotreceiveanykindofnaval ormilitarytraining. OfficersbelongingtotheformerTurkishNavyandnotdemobilisedmustundertaketoserve tilltheageoffortyfive,unlessdischargedforsufficientreason. OfficersandmenbelongingtotheTurkishmercantilemarinemustnotreceiveanykindof navalormilitarytraining. ARTICLE190. OnthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallthewirelessstationsinthezonereferredto inArticle178shallbehandedovertothePrincipalAlliedPowers.GreeceandTurkeyshall notconstructanywirelessstationsinthesaidzone. SECTIONIII. AIRCLAUSES. ARTICLE19l. TheTurkisharmedforcesmustnotincludeanymilitaryornavalairforces. Nodirigibleshallbekept. ARTICLE192.

WithintwomonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythepersonneloftheair forcesontherollsoftheTurkishlandandseaforcesshallbedemobilised. ARTICLE193. UntilthecompleteevacuationofTurkishterritorybytheAlliedtroops,theaircraftofthe AlliedPowersshallhavethroughoutTurkishterritoryfreedomofpassagethroughtheair, freedomoftransitandoflanding. ARTICLE194. DuringthesixmonthsfollowingthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatythe manufacture,importationandexportationofaircraftofeverykind,partsofaircraft,engines foraircraftandpartsofenginesforaircraftshallbeforbiddeninallTurkishterritory. ARTICLE195. OnthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyallmilitaryandnavalaeronauticalmaterial mustbedeliveredbyTurkey,atherownexpense,tothePrincipalAlliedPowers. Deliverymustbecompletedwithinsixmonthsandmustbeeffectedatsuchplacesasmaybe appointedbytheAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionofControl.TheGovernmentsofthe PrincipalAlliedPowerswilldecideastothedisposalofthismaterial. Inparticular,thismaterialwillincludeallitemsunderthefollowingheadswhichareorhave beeninuseorweredesignedforwarlikepurposes. Completeaeroplanesandseaplanes,aswellasthosebeingmanufactured,repairedor assembled. Dirigiblesabletotaketheair,beingmanufactured,repairedorassembled. Plantforthemanufactureofhydrogen. Dirigibleshedsandsheltersofeverykindforaircraft. Pendingtheirdelivery,dirigibleswill,attheexpenseofTurkeybemaintainedinflatedwith hydrogen;theplantforthemanufactureofhydrogen,aswellastheshedsfordirigibles, may,atthediscretionofthesaidPowers,belefttoTurkeyuntilthedirigiblesarehanded over. Enginesforaircraft. Nacellesandfuselages.

Armament(guns,machineguns,lightmachineguns,bombdroppingapparatus,torpedo droppingapparatus,synchronisingapparatus,aimingapparatus). Munitions(cartridges,shells,bombsloadedorunloaded,stocksofexplosivesorofmaterial fortheirmanufacture). Instrumentsforuseonaircraft. Wirelessapparatusandphotographicandcinematographicapparatusforuseonaircraft. Componentpartsofanyoftheitemsundertheprecedingheads. AllaeronauticalmaterialofwhatsoeverdescriptioninTurkeyshallbeconsideredprimdfocie aswarmaterial,andassuchmaynotbeexported,transferred,lent,usedordestroyed,but mustremainonthespotuntilsuchtimeastheAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionof ControlreferredtoinArticle202hasgivenadecisionastoitsnature;thisCommissionwill beexclusivelyentitledtodecideallsuchpoints. SECTIONIV. INTERALLIEDCOMMISSIONSOFCONTROLANDORGANISATION. ARTICLE196. SubjecttoanyspecialprovisionsinthisPart,themilitary,navalandairclausescontainedin thepresentTreatyshallbeexecutedbyTurkeyandatherexpenseunderthecontrolofInter AlliedCommissionsappointedforthispurposebythePrincipalAlliedPowers. TheabovementionedCommissionswillrepresentthePrincipalAlliedPowersindealing withtheTurkishGovernmentinallmattersrelatingtotheexecutionofthemilitary,navalor airclauses.TheywillcommunicatetotheTurkishauthoritiesthedecisionswhichthe PrincipalAlliedPowershavereservedtherighttotake,orwhichtheexecutionofthesaid clausesmaynecessitate. ARTICLE197. TheInterAlliedCommissionsofControlandOrganisationmayestablishtheirorganisations atConstantinople,andwillbeentitled,asoftenastheythinkdesirable,toproceedtoany pointwhateverinTurkishterritory,ortosendsubcommissions,ortoauthoriseoneormore oftheirmemberstogo,toanysuchpoint. ARTICLE198. TheTurkishGovernmentmustfurnishtotheInterAlliedCommissionsofControland Organisationallsuchinformationanddocumentsasthelattermaydeemnecessaryforthe accomplishmentoftheirmission,andmustsupplyatitsownexpensealllabourandmaterial

whichthesaidCommissionsmayrequireinordertoensurethecompleteexecutionofthe military,navalorairclauses. TheTurkishGovernmentshallattachaqualifiedrepresentativetoeachCommissionforthe purposeofreceivingallcommunicationswhichtheCommissionmayhavetoaddresstothe TurkishGovernment,andofsupplyingorprocuringfortheCommissionallinformationor documentswhichmayberequired. ARTICLE199. TheupkeepandcostoftheInterAlliedCommissionsofControlandOrganisationandthe expensesincurredbytheirworkshallbebornebyTurkey. ARTICLE200. TheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlandOrganisationwillbeentrustedonthe onehandwiththesupervisionoftheexecutionoftbemilitaryclausesrelatingtothe reductionoftheTurkishforceswithintheauthorisedlimits,thedeliveryofarmsandwar materialprescribedinChapterVIofSectionIandthedisarmamentofthefortifiedregions prescribedinChaptersVIIandVIIIofthatSection,andontheotherhandwiththe organisationandthecontroloftheemploymentofthenewTurkisharmedforce. (l)AstheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofControlitwillbeitsspecialduty: (a)Tofixthenumberofcustomsofficials,localurbanandruralpolice,forestguardsand otherlikeofficialswhichTurkeywillbeauthorisedtomaintaininaccordancewithArticle 170. (b)ToreceivefromtheTurkishGovernmentthenotificationsrelatingtothelocationofthe stocksanddepotsofmunitions,thearmamentofthefortifiedworks,fortressesandforts,the situationoftheworksorfactoriesfortheproductionofarms,munitionsandwarmaterial andtheiroperations. (c)Totakedeliveryofthearms,munitions,warmaterialandplantintendedformanufacture ofthesame,toselectthepointswheresuchdeliveryistobeeffected,andtosupervisethe worksofrenderingthingsuselessandofconversionprovidedforbythepresentTreaty. (2)AstheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionofOrganisationitwillbeitsspecialduty: (a)Toproceed,incollaborationwiththeTurkishGovernment,withtheorganisationofthe TurkisharmedforceuponthebasislaiddowninChaptersItoIV,SectionIofthisPart,with thedelimitationoftheterritorialregionsprovidedforinArticle156,andwiththe distributionofthetroopsofgendarmerieandthespecialelementsforreinforcementbetween thedifferentterritorialregions;

(b)Tocontroltheconditionsfortheemployment,aslaiddowninArticles156andI57,of thesetroopsofgendarmerieandtheseelements,andtodecidewhateffectshallbegivento requestsoftheTurkishGovernmentfortheprovisionalmodificationofthenormal distributionoftheseforcesdeterminedinconformitywiththesaidArticles; (c)TodeterminetheproportionbynationalityoftheAlliedandneutralofficerstobe engagedtoserveintheTurkishgendarmerieundertheconditionslaiddowninArticle159, andtolaydowntheconditionsunderwhichtheyaretoparticipateinthedifferentduties providedfortheminthesaidArticle. ARTICLE201. ItwillbethespecialdutyoftheNavalInterAlliedCommissionofControltovisitthe buildingyardsandtosupervisethebreakingupoftheships,totakedeliveryofthearms, munitionsandnavalwarmaterialandtosupervisetheirdestructionandbreakingup. TheTurkishGovernmentmustfurnishtotheNavalInterAlliedCommissionofControlall suchinformationanddocumentsasthelattermaydeemnecessarytoensurethecomplete executionofthenavalclauses,inparticularthedesignsofthewarships,thecompositionof theirarmaments,thedetailsandmodelsoftheguns,munitions,torpedoes,mines, explosives,wirelesstelegraphicapparatusandingeneraleverythingrelatingtonavalwar material,aswellasalllegislativeoradministrativedocumentsandregulations. ARTICLE202. ItwillbethespecialdutyoftheAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionofControltomakean inventoryoftheaeronauticalmaterialnowinthehandsoftheTurkishGovernment,to inspectaeroplane,balloonandmotormanufactoriesandfactoriesproducingarms, munitionsandexplosivescapableofbeingusedbyaircraft,tovisitallaerodromes,sheds, landinggrounds,parksanddepotsonTurkishterritory,toarrange,ifnecessary,forthe removalofmaterialandtotakedeliveryofsuchmaterial. TheTurkishGovernmentmustfurnishtotheAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionof Controlallsuchinformationandlegislative,administrativeorotherdocumentsasthe Commissionmayconsidernecessarytoensurethecompleteexecutionoftheairclauses,and inparticularalistofthepersonnelbelongingtoalltheTurkishairservicesandofthe existingmaterialaswellasofthatinprocessofmanufactureoronorder,andacompletelist ofallestablishmentsworkingforaviation,oftheirpositions,andofallshedsandlanding grounds. ARTICLE203. TheMilitary,NavalandAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionsofControlwillappoint representativeswhowillbejointlyresponsibleforcontrollingtheexecutionoftheoperations providedforinparagraphs(1)and(2)ofArticle178.

ARTICLE204. PendingthedefinitivesettlementofthepoliticalstatusoftheterritoriesreferredtoinArticle 89,thedecisionsoftheInterAlliedCommissionsofControlandOrganisationwillbesubject toanymodificationswhichthesaidCommissionsmayconsidernecessaryinconsequenceof suchsettlement. ARTICLE205. TheNavalandAeronauticalInterAlliedCommissionsofControlwillceasetooperateon thecompletionofthetasksassignedtothemrespectivelybyArticles201and202. ThesamewillapplytothesectionoftheMilitaryInterAlliedCommissionentrustedwith thefunctionsofcontrolprescribedinArticle200(1). ThesectionofthesaidCommissionentrustedwiththeorganisationofthenewTurkish armedforceasprovidedinArticle200(2)willoperateforfiveyearsfromthecominginto forceofthepresentTreaty.ThePrincipalAlliedPowersreservetherighttodecide,attheend ofthisperiod,whetheritisdesirabletomaintainorsuppressthissectionofthesaid Commission. SECTIONV. GENERALPROVISIONS. ARTICLE206. ThefollowingportionsoftheArmisticeofOctober30,1918:Articles7,10,12,13and24 remaininforcesofarastheyarenotinconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE207. TurkeyundertakesfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatynottoaccredittoany foreigncountryanymilitary,navalorairmission,andnottosendorallowthedepartureof suchmission;sheundertakes,moreover,totakethenecessarystepstopreventTurkish nationalsfromleavingherterritoryinordertoenlistinthearmy,fleetorairserviceofany foreignPower,ortobeattachedtheretowiththepurposeofhelpinginitstraining,or generallytogiveanyassistancetothemilitary,navalorairinstructioninaforeigncountry. TheAlliedPowersundertakeontheirpartthatfromthecomingintoforceofthepresent Treatytheywillneitherenlistintheirarmies,fleetsorairservicesnorattachtothemany Turkishnationalwiththeobjectofhelpinginmilitarytraining,oringeneralemployany Turkishnationalasamilitary,navalorairinstructor. Thepresentprovisiondoesnot,however,affecttherightofFrancetorecruitfortheForeign LegioninaccordancewithFrenchmilitarylawsandregulations.

 PARTVI. PRISONERSOFWARANDGRAVES. SECTIONI. PRISONERSOFWAR. ARTICLE208. TherepatriationofTurkishprisonersofwarandinternedcivilianswhohavenotalready beenrepatriatedshallcontinueasquicklyaspossibleafterthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty. ARTICLE209. FromthetimeoftheirdeliveryintothehandsoftheTurkishauthorities,theprisonersofwar andinternedciviliansaretobereturnedwithoutdelaytotheirhomesbythesaidauthorities. Thoseamongthemwho,beforethewar,werehabituallyresidentinterritoryoccupiedbythe troopsoftheAlliedPowersarelikewisetobesenttotheirhomes,subjecttotheconsentand controlofthemilitaryauthoritiesoftheAlliedarmiesofoccupation. ARTICLE210. ThewholecostofrepatriationfromOctober30,1918,shallbebornebytheTurkish Government. ARTICLE211. Prisonersofwarandinternedciviliansawaitingdisposalorundergoingsentencefor offencesagainstdisciplineshallberepatriatedirrespectiveofthecompletionoftheir sentenceoroftheproceedingspendingagainstthem. Thisstipulationshallnotapplytoprisonersofwarandinternedcivilianspunishedfor offencescommittedsubsequenttoJune15,1920. Duringtheperiodpendingtheirrepatriation,allprisonersofwarandinternedciviliansshall remainsubjecttotheexistingregulations,moreespeciallyasregardsworkanddiscipline. ARTICLE212. Prisonersofwarandinternedcivilianswhoareawaitingtrialorundergoingsentencefor offencesotherthanthoseagainstdisciplinemaybedetained.

ARTICLE213. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoadmittoitsterritorywithoutdistinctionallpersons liabletorepatriation. PrisonersofwarorTurkishnationalswhodonotdesiretoberepatriatedmaybeexcluded fromrepatriation;buttheAlliedGovernmentsreservetothemselvestherighteitherto repatriatethemortotakethemtoaneutralcountryortoallowthemtoresideintheirown territories. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakesnottoinstituteanyexceptionalproceedingsagainst thesepersonsortheirfamiliesnortotakeanyrepressiveorvexatiousmeasuresofanykind whatsoeveragainstthemonthisaccount. <br ARTICLE214. TheAlliedGovernmentsreservetherighttomaketherepatriationofTurkishprisonersof warorTurkishnationalsintheirhandsconditionalupontheimmediatenotificationand releasebytheTurkishGovernmentofanyprisonersofwarandothernationalsoftheAllied PowerswhoarestillheldinTurkeyagainsttheirwill. ARTICLE2I5. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakes: (I)TogiveeveryfacilitytoCommissionsentrustedbytheAlliedPowerswiththesearchfor themissingortheidentificationofAlliednationalswhohaveexpressedtheirdesireto remaininTurkishterritory;tofurnishsuchCommissionswithallnecessarymeansof transport;toallowthemaccesstocamps,prisons,hospitalsandallotherplaces;andtoplace attheirdisposalalldocumentswhetherpublicorprivatewhichwouldfacilitatetheir enquiries; (2)ToimposepenaltiesuponanyTurkishofficialsorprivatepersonswhohaveconcealed thepresenceofanynationalsofanyoftheAlliedPowers,orwhohaveneglectedtoreveal thepresenceofanysuchafterithadcometotheirknowledge; (3)Tofacilitatetheestablishingofcriminalactspunishablebythepenaltiesreferredtoin PartVII(Penalties)ofthepresentTreatyandcommittedbyTurksagainstthepersonsof prisonersofwarorAlliednationalsduringthewar. ARTICLE216. TheTurkishGovermnentundertakestorestorewithoutdelayfromthedateofthecoming intoforceofthepresentTreatyallarticles,equipment,arms,money,securities,documents andpersonaleffectsofeverydescriptionwhichhavebelongedtoofficers,soldiersorsailors

orothernationalsoftheAlliedPowersandwhichhavebeenretainedbytheTurkish authorities. ARTICLE217. TheHighContractingPartieswaivereciprocallyallrepaymentofsumsdueforthe maintenanceofprisonersofwarintheirrespectiveterritories. SECTIONII. GRAVES. ARTICLE218. TheTurkishGovernmentshalltransfertotheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernments respectivelyfullandexclusiverightsofownershipoverthelandwithintheboundariesof TurkeyasfixedbythepresentTreatyinwhicharesituatedthegravesoftheirsoldiersand sailorswhofellinactionordiedfromwounds,accidentordisease,aswellasovertheland requiredforlayingoutcemeteriesorerectingmemorialstothesesoldiersandsailors,or providingmeansofaccesstosuchcemeteriesormemorials. TheGreekGovernmentundertakestofulfilthesameobligationsofarasconcernsthe portionofthezoneoftheStraitsandtheislandsplacedunderitssovereignty. ARTICLE219. WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheBritish,Frenchand ItalianGovernmentswillrespectivelynotifytotheTurkishGovernmentandtheGreek Governmentthelandofwhichtheownershipistobetransferredtotheminaccordancewith Article218.TheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentswilleachhavetherighttoappointa Commission,whichshallbeexclusivelyentitledtoexaminetheareaswhereburialshaveor mayhavetakenplace,andtomakesuggestionswithregardtotheregroupingofgravesand thesiteswherecemeteriesareeventuallytobeestablished.TheTurkishGovernmentandthe GreekGovernmentmayberepresentedontheseCommissions,andshallgivethemall assistanceincarryingouttheirmission. ThesaidlandwillincludeinparticularthelandintheGallipoliPeninsulashownonmap No.3[seeIntroduction];thelimitsofthislandwillbenotifiedtotheGreekGovernmentas providedintheprecedingparagraph.TheGovernmentinwhosefavourthetransferismade undertakesnottoemploytheland,nortoallowittobeemployed,foranypurposeother thanthattowhichitisdedicated.Theshoremaynotbeemployedforanymilitary,marineor commercialpurpose. ARTICLE220.

AnynecessarylegislativeoradministrativemeasuresforthetransfertotheBritish,French andItalianGovernmentsrespectivelyoffullandexclusiverightsofownershipovertheland notifiedinaccordancewithArticle219shallbetakenbytheTurkishGovernmentandthe GreekGovernmentrespectivelywithinsixmonthsfromthedateofsuchnotification.Ifany compulsoryacquisitionofthelandisnecessaryitwillbeeffectedby,andatthecostof,the TurkishGovernmentortheGreekGovernment,asthecasemaybe. ARTICLE221. TheBritish,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsmayrespectivelyentrustfgendarmerie,Greek andTurkish,willbeundertheIdeemfittheestablishment,arrangement,maintenanceand careofthecemeteries,memorialsandgravessituatedinthelandreferredtoinArticle218. TheseCommissionsororganisationsshallbeofficiallyrecognisedbytheTurkish GovernmentandtheGreekGovernmentrespectively.Theyshallhavetherighttoundertake anyexhumationsorremovalofbodieswhichtheymayconsidernecessaryinorderto concentratethegravesandestablishcemeteries;theremainsofsoldiersorsailorsmaynotbe exhumed,onanypretextwhatever,withouttheauthorityoftheCommissionororganisation oftheGovernmentconcerned. ARTICLE222. ThelandreferredtointhisSectionshallnotbesubjectedbyTurkeyortheTurkish authorities,orbyGreeceortheGreekauthorities,asthecasemaybe,toanyformoftaxation. RepresentativesoftheBritish,FrenchorItalianGovernments,aswellaspersonsdesirousof visitingthecemeteries,memorialsandgraves,shallatalltimeshavefreeaccessthereto.The TurkishGovernmentandtheGreekGovernmentrespectivelyundertaketomaintainin perpetuitytheroadsleadingtothesaidland. TheTurkishGovernmentandtheGreekGovernmentrespectivelyundertaketoaffordtothe British,FrenchandItalianGovernmentsallnecessaryfacilitiesforobtainingasufficient watersupplyfortherequirementsofthestaffengagedinthemaintenanceorprotectionof thesaidcemeteriesormemorials,andfortheirrigationoftheland. ARTICLE223. TheprovisionsofthisSectiondonotaffecttheTurkishorGreeksovereignty,asthecasemay be,overthelandtransferred.TheTurkishGovernmentandtheGreekGovernment respectivelyshalltakeallthenecessarymeasurestoensurethepunishmentofpersons subjecttotheirjurisdictionwhomaybeguiltyofanyviolationoftherightsconferredonthe AlliedGovernments,orofanydesecrationofthecemeteries,memorialsorgraves. ARTICLE224. WithoutprejudicetotheotherprovisionsofthisSection,theAlliedGovernmentsandthe TurkishGovernmentwillcausetoberespectedandmaintainedthegravesofsoldiersand

sailorsburiedintheirrespectiveterritories,includinganyterritoriesforwhichtheymayhold amandateinconformitywiththeCovenantoftheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE225. Thegravesofprisonersofwarandinternedcivilianswhoarenationalsofthedifferent belligerentStatesandhavediedincaptivityshallbeproperlymaintainedinaccordancewith Article224. TheAlliedGovernmentsontheonehandandtheTurkishGovernmentontheother reciprocallyundertakealsotofurnishtoeachother: (1)Acompletelistofthosewhohavedied,togetherwithallinformationusefulfor identification (2)Allinformationastothenumberandpositionofthegravesofallthosewhohavebeen buriedwithoutidentification. PARTVII. PENALTIES. ARTICLE226. TheTurkishGovernmentrecognisestherightoftheAlliedPowerstobringbeforemilitary tribunalspersonsaccusedofhavingcommittedactsinviolationofthelawsandcustomsof war.Suchpersonsshall,iffoundguilty,besentencedtopunishmentslaiddownbylaw.This provisionwillapplynotwithstandinganyproceedingsorprosecutionbeforeatribunalin Turkey.orintheterritoryofherallies. TheTurkishGovernmentshallhandovertotheAlliedPowersortosuchoneofthemas shallsorequestallpersonsaccusedofhavingcommittedanactinviolationofthelawsand customsofwar,whoarespecifiedeitherbynameorbytherank,officeoremployment whichtheyheldundertheTurkishauthorities. ARTICLE227. PersonsguiltyofcriminalactsagainstthenationalsofoneoftheAlliedPowersshallbe broughtbeforethemilitarytribunalsofthatPower. PersonsguiltyofcriminalactsagainstthenationalsofmorethanoneoftheAlliedPowers shallbebroughtbeforemilitarytribunalscomposedofmembersofthemilitarytribunalsof thePowersconcerned. Ineverycasetheaccusedshallbeentitledtonamehisowncounsel.

ARTICLE228. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofurnishalldocumentsandinformationofevery kind,theproductionofwhichmaybeconsiderednecessarytoensurethefullknowledgeof theincriminatingacts,theprosecutionofoffendersandthejustappreciationof responsibility. ARTICLE229. TheprovisionsofArticles226to228applysimilarlytotheGovernmentsoftheStatesto whichterritorybelongingtotheformerTurkishEmpirehasbeenormaybeassigned,inso farasconcernspersonsaccusedofhavingcommittedactscontrarytothelawsandcustoms ofwarwhoareintheterritoryoratthedisposalofsuchStates. IfthepersonsinquestionhaveacquiredthenationalityofoneofthesaidStates,the GovernmentofsuchStateundertakestotake,attherequestofthePowerconcernedandin agreementwithit,oruponthejointrequestofalltheAlliedPowers,allthemeasures necessarytoensuretheprosecutionandpunishmentofsuchpersons. ARTICLE230. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestohandovertotheAlliedPowersthepersonswhose surrendermayberequiredbythelatterasbeingresponsibleforthemassacrescommitted duringthecontinuanceofthestateofwaronterritorywhichformedpartoftheTurkish EmpireonAugust1,1914. TheAlliedPowersreservetothemselvestherighttodesignatethetribunalwhichshalltry thepersonssoaccused,andtheTurkishGovernmentundertakestorecognisesuchtribunal. IntheeventoftheLeagueofNationshavingcreatedinsufficienttimeatribunalcompetent todealwiththesaidmassacres,theAlliedPowersreservetothemselvestherighttobring theaccusedpersonsmentionedabovebeforesuchtribunal,andtheTurkishGovernment undertakesequallytorecognisesuchtribunal. TheprovisionsofArticle228applytothecasesdealtwithinthisArticle. PARTVIII. FINANCIALCLAUSES. ARTICLE231. TurkeyrecognisesthatbyjoininginthewarofaggressionwhichGermanyandAustria HungarywagedagainsttheAlliedPowersshehascausedtothelatterlossesandsacrificesof allkindsforwhichsheoughttomakecompletereparation.

Ontheotherhand,theAlliedPowersrecognisethattheresourcesofTurkeyarenot sufficienttoenablehertomakecompletereparation. Inthesecircumstances,andinasmuchastheterritorialrearrangementsresultingfromthe presentTreatywillleavetoTurkeyonlyaportionoftherevenuesoftheformerTurkish Empire,allclaimsagainsttheTurkishGovernmentforreparationarewaivedbytheAllied Powers,subjectonlytotheprovisionsofthisPartandofPartIX(EconomicClauses)ofthe presentTreaty. TheAlliedPowers,desiringtoaffordsomemeasureofreliefandassistancetoTurkey,agree withtheTurkishGovernmentthataFinancialCommissionshallbeappointedconsistingof onerepresentativeofeachofthefollowingAlliedPowerswhoarespeciallyinterested, France,theBritishEmpireandItaly,withwhomthereshallbeassociatedaTurkish Commissionerinaconsultativecapacity.ThepowersanddutiesofthisCommissionareset forthinthefollowingArticles. ARTICLE232. TheFinancialCommissionshalltakesuchstepsasinitsjudgmentarebestadaptedto conserveandincreasetheresourcesofTurkey. TheBudgettobepresentedannuallybytheMinisterofFinancetotheTurkishParliament shallbesubmitted,inthefirstinstance,totheFinancialCommission,andshallbepresented toParliamentintheformapprovedbythatCommission.Nomodificationintroducedby ParliamentshallbeoperativewithouttheapprovaloftheFinancialCommission. TheFinancialCommissionshallsupervisetheexecutionoftheBudgetandthefinanciallaws andregulationsofTurkey.Thissupervisionshallbeexercisedthroughthemediumofthe TurkishInspectorateofFinance,whichshallbeplacedunderthedirectordersofthe FinancialCommission,andwhosememberswillonlybeappointedwiththeapprovalofthe Commission. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestofurnishtothisInspectorateallfacilitiesnecessaryfor thefulfilmentofitstask,andtotakesuchactionagainstunsuitableofficialsintheFinancial DepartmentsoftheGovernmentastheFinancialCommissionmaysuggest. ARTICLE233. TheFinancialCommissionshall,inaddition,inagreementwiththeCounciloftheOttoman PublicDebtandtheImperialOttomanBank,undertakebysuchmeansasmayberecognised tobeopportuneandequitabletheregulationandimprovementoftheTurkishcurrency. ARTICLE234. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakesnottocontractanyinternalorexternalloanwithoutthe consentoftheFinancialCommission.

ARTICLE235. TheTurkishGovernmentengagestopay,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresent Treaty,foralllossordamage,asdefinedinArticle236,sufferedbyciviliannationalsofthe AlliedPowers,inrespectoftheirpersonsorproperty,throughtheactionornegligenceofthe TurkishauthoritiesduringthewaranduptothecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty. TheTurkishGovernmentwillbeboundtomaketotheEuropeanCommissionoftheDanube suchrestitutions,reparationsandindemnitiesasmaybefixedbytheFinancialCommission inrespectofdamagesinHictedonthesaidEuropeanCommissionoftheDanubeduringthe war. ARTICLE236. AlltheresourcesofTurkey,exceptrevenuesconcededorhypothecatedtotheserviceofthe OttomanPublicDebt(seeAnnex1),shallbeplacedatthedisposaloftheFinancial Commission,whichshallemploythem,asneedarises,inthefollowingmanner: (i)Thefirstcharge(afterpaymentofthesalariesandcurrentexpensesoftheFinancial Commission,andoftheordinaryexpensesofsuchAlliedforcesofoccupationasmaybe maintainedafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyinterritoriesremainingTurkish) shallbetheexpensesoftheAlliedforcesofoccupationsinceOctober30,1918,interritory remainingTurkish,andtheexpensesofAlliedforcesofoccupationinterritoriesdetached fromTurkeyinfavourofaPowerotherthanthePowerwhichhasbornetheexpensesof occupation. Theamountoftheseexpensesandoftheannuitiesbywhichtheyshallbedischargedwillbe determinedbytheFinancialCommission,whichwillsoarrangetheannuitiesastoenable Turkeytomeetanydeficiencythatmayariseinthesumsrequiredtopaythatpartofthe interestontheOttomanPublicDebtforwhichTurkeyremainsresponsibleinaccordance withthisPart. (ii)ThesecondchargeshallbetheindemnitywhichtheTurkishGovernmentistopay,in accordancewithArticle235,onaccountoftheclaimsoftheAlliedPowersforlossordamage sufferedinrespectoftheirpersonsorpropertybytheirnationals,(otherthanthosewho wereTurkishnationalsonAugust1,1914)asdefinedinArticle317,PartIX(Economic Clauses),throughtheactionornegligenceoftheTurkishauthoritiesduringthewar,due regardbeinghadtothefinancialconditionofTurkeyandthenecessityforprovidingforthe essentialexpensesofitsadministration.TheFinancialCommissionshalladjudicateonand provideforpaymentofallclaimsinrespectofpersonaldamage.Theclaimsinrespectto propertyshallbeinvestigated,determinedandpaidinaccordancewithArticle287,PartIX (EconomicClauses).TheFinancialCommissionshallfixtheannuitytobeappliedtothe settlementofclaimsinrespectofpersonsaswellasinrespectofproperty,shouldthefunds atthedisposaloftheAlliedPowersinaccordancewiththesaidArticle287,beinsufficientto meetthischarge,andshalldeterminethecurrencyinwhichtheannuityshallbepaid.

ARTICLE237 AnyhypothecationofTurkishrevenueseffectedduringthewarinrespectofobligations (includingtheinternaldebt)contractedbytheTurkishGovernmentduringthewarishereby annulled. ARTICLE238. TurkeyrecognisesthetransfertotheAlliedPowersofanyclaimstopaymentorrepayment whichGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungarymayhaveagainsther,inaccordancewith Article261oftheTreatyofPeaceconcludedatVersaillesonJune28,19l9,withGermany, andthecorrespondingArticlesoftheTreatiesofPeacewithAustria,BulgariaandHungary. TheAlliedPowersagreenottorequirefromTurkeyanypaymentinrespectofclaimsso transferred. ARTICLE239. NonewconcessionshallbegrantedbytheTurkishGovernmenteithertoaTurkishsubject orotherwisewithouttheconsentoftheFinancialCommission. ARTICLE240. StatesinwhosefavourterritoryisdetachedfromTurkeyshallacquirewithoutpaymentall propertyandpossessionssituatedthereinregisteredinthenameoftheTurkishEmpireorof theCivilList. ARTICLE241. StatesinwhosefavourterritoryhasbeendetachedfromTurkey,eitherasaresultofthe BalkanWarsin1913,orunderthepresentTreaty,shallparticipateintheannualchargefor theserviceoftheOttomanPublicDebtcontractedbeforeNovember1,1914. TheGovernmentsoftheStatesoftheBalkanPeninsulaandthenewlycreatedStatesinAsia infavourofwhomsuchterritoryhasbeenorisdetachedfromTurkeyshallgiveadequate guaranteesforthepaymentoftheshareoftheaboveannualchargeallottedtothem respectively. ARTICLE242. ForthepurposesofthisPart,theOttomanPublicDebtshallbedeemedtoconsistoftheDebt heretoforegovernedbytheDecreeofMouharrem,togetherwithsuchotherloansasare enumeratedinAnnexItothisPart. LoanscontractedbeforeNovember1,1914,willbetakenintoaccountinthedistributionof theOttomanPublicDebtbetweenTurkey,theStatesoftheBalkanPeninsulaandthenew StatessetupinAsia.

Thisdistributionshallbeeffectedinthefollowingmanner: (I)AnnuitiesarisingfromloanspriortoOctober17,19l2(BalkanWars),shallbedistributed betweenTurkeyandtheBalkanStates,includingAlbania,whichreceiveorhavereceived anyTurkishterritory. (2)TheresidueoftheannuitiesforwhichTurkeyremainsliableafterthisdistribution, togetherwiththosearisingfromloanscontractedbyTurkeybetweenOctober17,19l2,and November1,1914,shallbedistributedbetweenTurkeyandtheStatesinwhosefavour territoryisdetachedfromTurkeyunderthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE243 Thegeneralprincipletobeadoptedindeterminingtheamountoftheannuitytobepaidby eachStatewillbeasfollows: TheamountshallbearthesameratiotothetotalrequiredfortheserviceoftheDebtasthe averagerevenueofthetransferredterritoryboretotheaveragerevenueofthewholeof Turkey(includingineachcasetheyieldoftheCustomssurtaximposedintheyear1907) overthethreefinancialyears190910,191011,and191112. ARTICLE244 TheFinancialCommissionshall,assoonaspossibleafterthecomingintoforceofthepresent Treaty,determineinaccordancewiththeprinciplelaiddowninArticle243theamountof theannuitiesreferredtointhatArticle,andcommunicateitsdecisionsinthisrespecttothe HighContractingParties. TheFinancialCommissionshallfulfilthefunctionsprovidedforinArticle134oftheTreaty ofPeaceconcludedwithBulgariaonNovember27,19l9. ARTICLE245. Theannuitiesassessedinthemanneraboveprovidedwillbepayableasfromthedateofthe comingintoforceoftheTreatiesbywhichtherespectiveterritoriesweredetachedfrom Turkey,and,inthecaseofterritoriesdetachedunderthepresentTreatyfromMarch1,1920; theyshallcontinuetobepayable(exceptasprovidedbyArticle252)untilthefinal liquidationoftheDebt.Theyshall,however,beproportionatelyreducedastheloans constitutingtheDebtaresuccessivelyextinguished. ARTICLE246. TheTurkishGovernmenttransferstotheFinancialCommissionallitsrightsunderthe provisionsoftheDecreeofMouharremandsubsequentDecrees.

TheCounciloftheOttomanPublicDebtshallconsistoftheBritish,FrenchandItalian delegates,andoftherepresentativeoftheImperialOttomanBank,andshallcontinueto operateasheretofore.Itshalladministerandlevyallrevenuesconcededtoitunderthe DecreeofMouharremandallotherrevenuesthemanagementofwhichhasbeenentrusted toitinaccordancewithanyotherloancontractsprevioustoNovember1,1914. TheAlliedPowersauthorisetheCounciltogiveadministrativeassistancetotheTurkish MinistryofFinance,undersuchconditionsasmaybedeterminedbytheFinancial Commissionwiththeobjectofrealisingasfaraspossiblethefollowingprogramme: ThesystemofdirectlevyofcertainrevenuesbytheexistingAdministrationoftheOttoman PublicDebtshall,withinlimitstobeprescribedbytheFinancialCommission,beextendedas widelyaspossibleandappliedthroughouttheprovincesremainingTurkish.Oneachnew creationofrevenueorofindirecttaxesapprovedbytheFinancialCommission,the Commissionshalconsiderthepossibilityofentrustingtheadministrationthereoftothe CounciloftheDebtfortheaccountoftheTurkishGovernment. TheadministrationoftheCustomsshallbeunderaDirectorGeneralappointedbyand revocablebytheFinancialCommissionandanswerabletoit.Nochangeinthescheduleof theCustomschargesshallbemadeexceptwiththeapprovaloftheFinancialCommission. TheGovernmentsofFrance,GreatBritainandItalywilldecide,byamajorityandafter consultingthebondholderswhethertheCouncilshouldbemaintainedorreplacedbythe FinancialCommissionortheexpiryofthepresenttermoftheCouncil.Thedecisionofthe Governmentsshallbetakenatleastsixmonthsbeforethedatecorrespondingtotheexpiry ofthisperiod. ARTICLE247. TheCommissionhasauthoritytopropose,atalaterdate,thesubstitutionforthepledgesat presentgrantedtobondholders,inaccordancewiththeircontractsorexistingdecrees,of otheradequatepledges,orofachargeonthegeneralrevenuesofTurkey.TheAllied GovernmentsundertaketoconsideranyproposalstheFinancialCommissionmightthen havetomakeonthissubject. ARTICLE248. Allproperty,movableandimmovable,belongingtotheAdministrationoftheOttoman PublicDebt,whereversituate,shallremainintegrallyatthedisposalofthatbody. TheCounciloftheDebtshallhavepowertoapplythevalueofanyrealisedpropertyforthe purposeofextraordinaryamortisationeitheroftheUnifiedDebtoroftheLotsTurcs. ARTICLE249.

TheTurkishGovernmentagreestotransfertotheFinancialCommissionallitsrightsinthe ReserveFundsandtheTripoliIndemnityFund. ARTICLE250. AsumequaltothearrearsofanyrevenuesheretoforeaffectedtotheserviceoftheOttoman PublicDebtwithintheterritoriesremainingTurkish,whichshouldhavebeenbuthavenot beenpaidtotheCounciloftheDebt,shall(exceptwheresuchterritorieshavebeeninthe militaryoccupationofAlliedforcesandforthetimeofsuchoccupation)bepaidtothe CounciloftheDebtbytheTurkishGovernmentassoonasintheopinionoftheFinancial CommissionthefinancialconditionofTurkeyshallpermit. ARTICLE251. TheCounciloftheDebtshallreviewallthetransactionsoftheCouncilwhichhavetaken placeduringthewar.AnydisbursementsmadebytheCouncilwhichwerenotinaccordance withitspowersandduties,asdefinedbytheDecreeofMouharremorotherwisebeforethe war,shallbereimbursedtotheCounciloftheDebtbytheTurkishGovernmentsosoonasin theopinionoftheFinancialCommissionsuchpaymentispossible.TheCouncilshallhave powertoreviewanyactiononthepartoftheCouncilduringthewar,andtoannulany obligationwhichinitsopinionisprejudicialtotheinterestsofthebondholders,andwhich wasnotinaccordancewiththepowersoftheCounciloftheDebt. ARTICLE252. AnyoftheStateswhichunderthepresentTreatyaretocontributetotheannualchargefor theserviceoftheOttomanPublicDebtmay,upongivingsixmonthsnoticetotheCouncilof theDebt,redeemsuchobligationbypaymentofasumrepresentingthevalueofsuch annuitycapitalisedatsuchrateofinterestasmaybeagreedbetweentheStateconcernedand theCounciloftheDebt.TheCounciloftheDebtshallnothavepowertorequiresuch redemption. ARTICLE253. ThesumsingoldtobetransferredbyGermanyandAustriaundertheprovisionsofArticle 259(1),(2),(4)and(7)oftheTreatyofPeacewithGermany,andunderArticle210(1)ofthe TreatyofPeacewithAustria,shallbeplacedatthedisposaloftheFinancialCommission. ARTICLE254. ThesumstobetransferredbyGermanyinaccordancewithArticle259(3)oftheTreatyof PeacewithGermanyshallbeplacedforthwithatthedisposaloftheCounciloftheDebt. ARTICLE255.

TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoacceptanydecisionthatmaybetakenbytheAllied Powers,inagreementwhennecessarywithotherPowers,regardingthefundsofthe OttomanSanitaryAdministrationandtheformerSuperiorCouncilofHealth,andinrespect oftheclaimoftheSuperiorCouncilofHealthagainsttheTurkishGovernment,aswellas regardingthefundsoftheLifeboatServiceoftheBlackSeaandBosphorus. TheAlliedPowersherebygiveauthoritytotheFinancialCommissiontorepresentthemin thismatter. ARTICLE256. TheTurkishGovernment,inagreementwiththeAlliedPowers,herebyreleasestheGerman GovernmentfromtheobligationincurredbyitduringthewartoacceptTurkish Governmentcurrencynotesataspecifiedrateofexchangeinpaymentforgoodstobe exportedtoTurkeyfromGermanyafterthewar. ARTICLE257. AssoonastheclaimsoftheAlliedPowersagainsttheTurkishGovernmentaslaiddownin thisParthavebeensatisfied,andOttomanprewarPublicDebthasbeenliquidated,the FinancialCommissionshalldetermine.TheTurkishGovernmentshallthenconsiderin consultationwiththeCounciloftheLeagueofNationswhetheranyfurtheradministrative adviceandassistanceshouldintheinterestsofTurkeybeprovidedfortheTurkish GovernmentbythePowers,MembersoftheLeagueofNations,and,ifso,inwhatformsuch adviceandassistanceshallbegiven. ARTICLE258. (1)Turkeywilldeliver,inaseaworthyconditionandinsuchportsoftheAlliedPowersas theGovernmentsofthesaidPowersmaydetermineallGermanshipstransferredtothe TurkishflagsinceAugustI,I9I4;theseshipswillbehandedovertotheReparation CommissionreferredtoinArticle233oftheTreatyofPeacewithGermany,anytransfertoa neutralflagduringthewarbeingregardedinthisrespectasvoidsofarasconcernsthe AlliedPowers. (2)TheTurkishGovernmentwillhandoveratthesametimeastheshipsreferredtoin paragraph(1)allpapersanddocumentswhichtheReparationCommissionreferredtointhe saidparagraphmaythinknecessaryinordertoensurethecompletetransferoftheproperty inthevessels,freeandquitofallliens,mortgages,encumbrances,chargesorclaims, whatevertheirnature. TheTurkishGovernmentwilleffectanyrepurchaseorindemnisationwhichmaybe necessary.Itwillbethepartyresponsibleintheeventofanyproceedingsfortherecoveryof, orinanyclaimsagainst,thevesseltobehandedoverwhatevertheirnature,theTurkish GovernmentbeingboundineverycasetoguaranteetheReparationCommissionreferredto

inparagraph(1)againstanyejectmentorproceedingsuponanygroundwhateverarising underthishead. ARTICLE259. WithoutprejudicetoArticle277,PartIX(EconomicClauses)ofthepresentTreaty,Turkey renounces,sofarassheisconcerned,thebenefitofanyprovisonsoftheTreatiesofBrest LitovskandBucharestoroftheTreatiessupplementarythereto. TurkeyundertakestotransfereithertoRoumaniaortothePrincipalAlliedPowers,asthe casemaybe,allmonetaryinstruments,specie,securitiesandnegotiableinstrumentsor goodswhichshehasreceivedundertheaforesaidTreaties. ARTICLE260. ThelegislativemeasuresrequiredinordertogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisPartwillbe enactedbytheTurkishGovernmentandbythePowersconcernedwithinaperiodwhich mustnotexceedsixmonthsfromthesignatureofthepresentTreaty. ANNEXI: THEOTTOMANPREWARPUBLICDEBT.(NOVEMBER5,1914) ANNEXII. 1. TheCommissionshallestablishitsownrulesandprocedure. TheChairmanshipshallbeheldannuallybytheFrench,BritishandItalianDelegatesinturn. Eachmembershallhavetherighttonominateadeputytoactforhiminhisabsence. Decisionsshallbetakenbythevoteofthemajority.Abstentionfromvotingwillbetreatedas avoteagainsttheproposalunderdiscussion. TheCommissionshallappointsuchagentsandemployeesasitmaydeemnecessaryforits work,withsuchemolumentsandconditionsofserviceasitmaythinkfit. ThecostsandexpensesoftheCommissionshallbepaidbyTurkey,inconformitywiththe provisionsofArticle236(i.). ThesalariesofthemembersoftheCommission,aswellasthoseofitsofficials,shallbefixed onareasonablescalebyagreementfromtimetotimebetweentheGovernmentsrepresented ontheCommission.

ThemembersoftheCommissionshallenjoythesamerightsandimmunitiesasareenjoyed inTurkeybydulyaccrediteddiplomaticagentsoffriendlyPowers. 2. Turkeyundertakestogranttothemembers,officialsandagentsoftheCommissionfull powerstovisitandinspectatallreasonabletimesanyplace,publicworks,orundertakings inTurkey,andtofurnishtothesaidCommissionallrecords,documentsandinformation whichitmayrequire. 3. TheCommissionshallbeentitledtoassume,inagreementwiththeTurkishGovernmentand independentlyofanydefaultofthelatterinfulfillingitsobligations,thecontrol, managementandcollectionofallindirecttaxes. 4. NomemberoftheCommissionshallberesponsible,excepttotheGovernmentappointing him,foranyactionoromissionintheperformanceofhisduties.NooneoftheAllied GovernmentsassumesanyresponsisilityinrespectofanyotherGovernment. 5. TheCommissionshallpublishannuallydetailedreportsonitswork,itsmethodsandits proposalsforthefinancialreorganisationofTurkey,aswellasregardingitsaccountsforthe period. 6. TheCommissionshallalsotakeoveranyotherdutieswhichmaybeassignedtoitunderthe presentTreatyorwiththeassentoftheTurkishGovernment. PARTIX. ECONOMICCLAUSES. SECTIONI. COMMERCIALRELATIONS. ARTICLE261. Thecapitulatoryregimeresultingfromtreaties,conventionsorusageshallbereestablished infavouroftheAlliedPowerswhichdirectlyorindirectlyenjoyedthebenefitthereofbefore

August1,1914,andshallbeextendedtotheAlliedPowerswhichdidnotenjoythebenefit thereofonthatdate. ARTICLE262. TheAlliedPowerswhohadpostofficesintheformerTurkishEmpirebeforeAugust1,1914, willbeentitledtoreestablishpostofficesinTurkey. ARTICLE263. TheConventionofApril25,1907,sofarasitrelatestotherateofimportdutiesinTurkey, shallbereestablishedinforceinfavourofalltheAlliedPowers. NeverthelesstheFinancialCommissionestablishedinaccordancewithArticle231,PartVIII (FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreatymayatanytimeauthoriseamodificationofthese importduties,ortheimpositionofconsumptionduties,providedthatanydutiesso modifiedorimposedshallbeappliedequallytogoodsofwhateverownershipororigin. NomodificationofexistingdutiesorimpositionofnewdutiesauthorisedbytheFinancial CommissionbyvirtueofthisArticleshalltakeeffectuntilafteraperiodofsixmonthsfrom itsnotificationtoalltheAlliedPowers.DuringthisperiodtheCommissionshallconsider anyobservationsrelativetheretowhichmaybeformulatedbyanyAlliedPower. ARTICLE264. Subjecttoanyrightsandexemptionsresultingfromconcessioncontractsmadebefore August1,1914,theFinancialCommissionshallbeentitledtoauthorisetheapplicationby Turkey,intheconditionsofequalitylaiddowninArticle263,tothepersonsorpropertyof thenationalsoftheAlliedPowersofanytaxesordutieswhichshallsimilarlybeimposedon TurkishsubjectsintheinterestsoftheeconomicstabilityandgoodgovernmentofTurkey. TheFinancialCommissionshallalsobeentitledtoauthorisetheapplication,inthesame interestsandinthesameconditionstothenationalsoftheAlliedPowersofanyprohibitions onimportorexport. Nosuchtax,dutyorprohibitionshalltakeeffectuntilafteraperiodofsixmonthsfromits notificationtoalltheAlliedPowers.DuringthisperiodtheCommissionshallconsiderany observationsrelativetheretothatmaybeformulatedbyanyAlliedPower. ARTICLE265. InthecaseofvesselsoftheAlliedPowersallclassesofcertificatesordocumentsrelatingto thevesselwhichwererecognisedasvalidbyTurkeybeforethewar,orwhichmayhereafter berecognisedasvalidbytheprincipalmaritimeStates,shallberecognisedbyTurkeyas validandasequivalenttothecorrespondingcertificatesissuedtoTurkishvessels.

Asimilarrecognitionshallbeaccordedtothecertificatesanddocumentsissuedtotheir vesselsbytheGovernmentsofnewStates,whethertheyhaveaseacoastornot,provided thatsuchcertificatesanddocumentsshallbeissuedinconformitywiththegeneralpractice observedintheprincipalmaritimeStates. TheHighContractingPartiesagreetorecognisetheflagflownbythevesselsofanAllied PoweroranewStatehavingnoseacoastwhichareregisteredatsomeonespecifiedplace situatedinitsterritory;suchplaceshallserveastheportofregistryofsuchvessels. ARTICLE266. Turkeyundertakestoadoptallthenecessarylegislativeandadministrativemeasuresto protectgoodstheproduceormanufactureofanyoneoftheAlliedPowersornewStates fromallformsofunfaircompetitionincommercialtransactions. Turkeyundertakestoprohibitandrepressbyseizureandbyotherappropriateremediesthe importation,exportation,manufacture,distribution,saleorofferingforsaleinherterritory ofallgoodsbearinguponthemselvesortheirusualgetuporwrappingsanymarks,names, devicesordescriptionswhatsoeverwhicharecalculatedtoconveydirectlyorindirectlya falseindicationoftheorigin,type,natureorspecialcharacteristicsofsuchgoods. ARTICLE267. Turkeyundertakes,onconditionthatreciprocityisaccordedinthesematters,torespectany law,oranyadministrativeorjudicialdecisiongiveninconformitywithsuchlaw,inforcein anyAlliedStateornewStateanddulycommunicatedtoherbytheproperauthorities, definingorregulatingtherighttoanyregionalappellationinrespectofwineorspirits producedintheStatetowhichtheregionbelongs,ortheconditionsunderwhichtheuseof anysuchappellationmaybepermitted;andtheimportation,exportation,manufacture, distribution,saleorofferingforsaleofproductsorarticlesbearingregionalappellations inconsistentwithsuchlaworordershallbeprohibitedbyTurkeyandrepressedbythe measuresprescribedinArticle266. ARTICLE268. IftheTurkishGovernmentengagesininternationaltrade,itshallnotinrespectthereofhave orbedeemedtohaveanyrights,privilegesorimmunitiesofsovereignty. SECTIONII. TREATIES. ARTICLE269. FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyandsubjecttotheprovisionsthereofthe multilateraltreaties,conventionsandagreementsofaneconomicortechnicalcharacter

enumeratedbelowandinthesubsequentArticlesshallalonebeappliedasbetweenTurkey andthoseoftheAlliedPowerspartythereto: (1)ConventionsofMarch14,1884,ofDecember1,1886,andofMarch23,1887,andFinal ProtocolofJuly7,1887,regardingtheprotectionofsubmarinecables. (2)ConventionofJuly5,1890,regardingthepublicationofcustomstariffsandthe organisationofanInternationalUnionforthepublicationofcustomstariffs. (3)ArrangementofDecember9,1907,regardingthecreationofanInternationalOfficeof PublicHygieneatParis. (4)ConventionofJune7,1995,regardingthecreationofanInternationalAgricultural InstituteatRome. (5)ConventionofJune27,1855,relatingtotheTurkishLoan. (6)ConventionofJulyI6,1863,fortheredemptionofthetollduesontheScheldt. (7)ConventionofOctober29,I888,regardingtheestablishmentofadefinitearrangement guaranteeingthefreeuseoftheSuezCanal. ARTICLE270. FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,theHighContractingPartiesshallapply theconventionsandagreementshereinaftermentioned,insofarasconcernsthem,on conditionthatthespecialstipulationscontainedinthisArticlearefulfilledbyTurkey. PostalConventions: ConventionsandAgreementsoftheUniversalPostalUnionconcludedatViennaonJuly4, 1891. ConventionsandAgreementsofthePostalUnionsignedatWashingtononJune15,1897. ConventionsandAgreementsofthePostalUnionsignedatRomeonMay26,1906. TelegraphicConventions: InternationalTelegraphicConventionssignedatSt.PetersburgonJuly10/22,1875. RegulationsandTariffsdrawnupbytheInternationalTelegraphicConference,Lisbon,June 11,1908. TurkeyundertakesnottorefuseherconsenttotheconclusionbynewStatesofthespecial arrangementsreferredtointheConventionsandAgreementsrelatingtotheUniversalPostal

UnionandtotheInternationalTelegraphicUnion,towhichthesaidnewStateshave adheredormayadhere. ARTICLE271. FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheHighContractingPartiesshallapply,in sofarasconcernsthem,theInternationalRadioTelegraphicConventionofJuly5,1912,on conditionthatTurkeyfulfilstheprovisionalregulationswhichwillbeindicatedtoherbythe AlliedPowers. IfwithinfiveyearsafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyanewconvention regulatinginternationalradiotelegraphiccommunicationsshouldhavebeenconcludedto taketheplaceoftheConventionofJuly5,1912,thisnewconventionshallbindTurkey,even ifTurkeyshouldrefuseeithertotakepartindrawinguptheconventionortosubscribe thereto. Thisnewconventionwilllikewisereplacetheprovisionalregulationsinforce. ARTICLE272. Turkeyundertakes: (1)WithinaperiodoftwelvemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyto adhereintheprescribedformtotheInternationalConventionofParisofMarch20,1883,for theprotectionofindustrialproperty,revisedatWashingtononJune2,I911,andthe InternationalConventionofBerneofSeptember9,1886,fortheprotectionofliteraryand artisticworks,revisedatBerlinonNovember13,1908,andtheAdditionalProtocolofBerne ofMarch20,1914,relatingtotheprotectionofliteraryandartisticworks: (2)Withinthesameperiod,torecogniseandprotectbyeffectivelegislation,inaccordance withtheprinciplesofthesaidConventions,theindustrial,literaryandartisticpropertyof nationalsoftheAlliedStatesorofanynewState. Inaddition,andindependentlyoftheobligationsmentionedabove,Turkeyundertakesto continuetoassuresuchrecognitionandsuchprotectiontoalltheindustrial,literaryand artisticpropertyofthenationalsofeachoftheAlliedStatesandofanynewStatetoanextent atleastasgreatasuponAugust1,1914,anduponthesameconditions. ARTICLE273. Turkeyundertakestoadheretotheconventionsandarrangementshereinaftermentioned,or toratifythem: (1)ConventionofOctober11,1909,regardingtheinternationalcirculationofmotorcars.

(2)AgreementofMay15,1886,regardingthesealingofrailwaytruckssubjecttocustoms inspection,andProtocolofMay (3)ConventionofDecember31,1913,regardingtheunificationofcommercialstatistics. (4)ConventionofSeptember23,1910,respectingtheunificationofcertainregulations regardingcollisionsandsalvageatsea. (5)ConventionofDecember21,1904,regardingtheexemptionofhospitalshipsfromdues andchargesinports. (6)ConventionsofMay18,1904,andofMay4,1910,regardingthesuppressionoftheWhite SlaveTraffic. (7)ConventionofMay4,1910,regardingthesuppressionofobscenepublications. (8)SanitaryConventionsofJanuary30,1892,April15,1893,April3,1894,March19,1897, andDecember3,1903. (9)ConventionofNovember29,1906,regardingtheunificationofpharmacopseialformulae forpotentdrugs. (10)ConventionsofNovember3,1881,andApril15,1889,regardingprecautionarymeasures againstphylloxera. (11)ConventionofMarch19,1902,regardingtheprotectionofbirdsusefultoagriculture. ARTICLE274. EachoftheAlliedPowers,beingguidedbythegeneralprinciplesorspecialprovisionsofthe presentTreaty,shallnotifytoTurkeythebilateraltreatiesorconventionswhichsuchAllied PowerwishestorevivewithTurkey. ThenotificationreferredtointhisArticleshallbemadeeitherdirectlyorthroughthe intermediaryofanotherPower.ReceiptthereofshallbeacknowledgedinwritingbyTurkey. Thedateoftherevivalshallbethatofthenotification. TheAlliedPowersundertakeamongthemselvesnottorevivewithTurkeyanyconventions ortreatieswhicharenotinaccordancewiththetermsofthepresentTreaty. Thenotificationshallmentionanyprovisionsofthesaidconventionsandtreatieswhich,not beinginaccordancewiththetermsofthepresentTreaty,shallnotbeconsideredasrevived. Incaseofanydifferenceofopinion,theLeagueofNationswillbecalledontodecide.

AperiodofsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyisallowedtothe AlliedPowerswithinwhichtomakethenotification. Onlythosebilateraltreatiesandconventionswhichhavebeenthesubjectofsucha notificationshallberevivedbetweentheAlliedPowersandTurkey;alltheothersareand shallremainabrogated. Theaboveregulationsapplytoallbilateraltreatiesorconventionsexistingbetweenallthe AlliedPowersandTurkey,evenifthesaidAlliedPowershavenotbeeninastateofwar withTurkey. TheprovisionsofthisArticledonotprejudicethestipulationsofArticle261. ARTICLE275. Turkeyrecognisesthatallthetreaties,conventionsoragreementswhichshehasconcluded withGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungarysinceAugust1,1914,untilthecominginto forceofthepresentTreatyareandremainabrogatedbythepresentTreaty. ARTICLE276. TurkeyundertakestosecuretotheAlliedPowers,andtotheofficialsandnationalsofthe saidPowers,theenjoymentofalltherightsandadvantagesofanykindwhichshemayhave grantedtoGermany,Austria,BulgariaorHungary,ortotheofficialsandnationalsofthese Statesbytreaties,conventionsorarrangementsconcludedbeforeAugust1,1914,solongas thosetreaties,conventionsorarrangementsremaininforce. TheAlliedPowersreservetherighttoacceptornottheenjoymentoftheserightsand advantages. ARTICLE277. Turkeyrecognisesthatalltreaties,conventionsorarrangementswhichsheconcludedwith Russia,orwithanyStateorGovernmentofwhichtheterritorypreviouslyformedapartof Russia,beforeAugust1,1914,orafterthatdateuntilthecomingintoforceofthepresent Treaty,orwithRoumaniaafterAugust15,1916,untilthecomingintoforceofthepresent Treaty,areandremainabrogated. ARTICLE278. ShouldanAlliedPower,Russia,oraStateorGovernmentofwhichtheterritoryformerly constitutedapartofRussia,havebeenforcedsinceAugust1,1914,byreasonofmilitary occupationorbyanyothermeansorforanyothercause,tograntortoallowtobegranted bytheactofanypublicauthority,concessions,privilegesandfavoursofanykindtoTurkey

ortoaTurkishnational,suchconcessions,privilegesandfavoursareipsofactoannulledby thepresentTreaty. Noclaimsorindemnitieswhichmayresultfromthisannulmentshallbechargedagainstthe AlliedPowersorthePowers,States,governmentsorpublicauthoritieswhicharereleased fromtheirengagementsbythisArticle. ARTICLE279. FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,TurkeyundertakestogivetheAllied Powersandtheirnationalsthebenefitipsofactooftherightsandadvantagesofanykind whichshehasgrantedbytreaties,conventionsorarrangementstononbelligerentStatesor theirnationalssinceAugust1,1914,untilthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,solong asthosetreaties,conventionsorarrangementsremaininforce. ARTICLE280. ThoseoftheHighContractingPartieswhohavenotyetsigned,orwhohavesignedbutnot yetratified,theOpiumConventionsignedattheHagueonJanuary23,I9I2,agreetobring thesaidConventionintoforce,andforthispurposetoenactthenecessarylegislation withoutdelayandinanycasewithinaperiodoftwelvemonthsfromthecomingintoforce ofthepresentTreaty. Furthermore,theyagreethatratificationofthepresentTreatyshouldinthecaseofPowers whichhavenotyetratifiedtheOpiumConventionbedeemedinallrespectsequivalentto theratificationofthatConventionandtothesignatureoftheSpecialProtocolwhichwas openedatTheHagueinaccordancewiththeresolutionsadoptedbytheThirdOpium Conferencein1914forbringingthesaidConventionintoforce. ForthispurposetheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicwillcommunicatetothe GovernmentoftheNetherlandsacertifiedcopyoftheProtocolofthedepositofratifications ofthepresentTreaty,andwillinvitetheGovernmentoftheNetherlandstoacceptand depositthesaidcertifiedcopyasifitwereadepositofratificationsoftheOpiumConvention andasignatureoftheAdditionalProtocolof1914. SECTIONIII. INDUSTRIALPROPERTY. ARTICLE281. SubjecttothestipulationsofthepresentTreaty,rightsofindustrial,literaryandartistic property,assuchpropertyisdefinedbytheInternationalConventionsofParisandofBerne mentionedinArticle272,shallbereestablishedorrestored,asfromthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreaty,intheterritoriesoftheHighContractingParties,infavourofthepersons entitledtothebenefitofthematthemomentwhenthestateofwarcommenced,ortheir

legalrepresentatives.Equally,rightswhich,exceptforthewar,wouldhavebeenacquired duringthewarinconsequenceofanapplicationmadefortheprotectionofindustrial property,orthepublicationofaliteraryorartisticwork,shallberecognisedandestablished infavourofthosepersonswhowouldhavebeenentitledthereto,fromthecomingintoforce ofthepresentTreaty. Nevertheless,allactsdonebyvirtueofthespecialmeasurestakenduringthewarunder legislative,executiveoradministrativeauthorityofanyAlliedPowerinregardtotherights ofTurkishnationalsinindustrial,literaryorartisticpropertyshallremaininforceandshall continuetomaintaintheirfulleffect. NoclaimshallbemadeoractionbroughtbyTurkeyorTurkishnationalsinrespectofthe useduringthewarbytheGovernmentofanyAlliedPower,orbyanypersonactingon behalforwiththeassentofsuchGovernment,ofanyrightsinindustrial,literaryorartistic property,norinrespectofthesale,offeringforsaleoruseofanyproducts,articlesor apparatuswhatsoevertowhichsuchrightsapplied. UnlessthelegislationofanyoneoftheAlliedPowersinforceatthemomentofthesignature ofthepresentTreatyotherwisedirects,sumsdueorpaidinvirtueofanyactoroperation resultingfromtheexecutionofthespecialmeasuresmentionedinthesecondparagraphof thisArticleshallbedealtwithinthesamewayasothersumsduetoTurkishnationalsare directedtobedealtwithbythepresentTreaty;andsumsproducedbyanyspecialmeasures takenbytheTurkishGovernmentinrespectofrightsinindustrial,literaryorartistic propertybelongingtothenationalsoftheAlliedPowersshallbeconsideredandtreatedin thesamewayasotherdebtsduefromTurkishnationals. EachoftheAlliedPowersreservestoitselftherighttoimposesuchlimitations,conditionsor restrictionsonrightsofindustrialliteraryorartisticproperty(withtheexceptionoftrade marks)acquiredbeforeorduringthewar,orwhichmaybesubsequentlyacquiredin accordancewithitslegislation,byTurkishnationalswhetherbygrantinglicences,orbythe working,orbypreservingcontrolovertheirexploitation,orinanyotherway,asmaybe considerednecessaryfornationaldefence,orinthepublicinterestorforassuringthefair treatmentbyTurkeyoftherightsofindustrial,literaryandartisticpropertyheldinTurkish territorybyitsnationals,orforsecuringtheduefulfilmentofalltheobligationsundertaken byTurkeyinthepresentTreaty.Asregardsrightsofindustrial,literaryandartisticproperty acquiredafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,therightsoreservedbytheAllied Powersshallonlybeexercisedincaseswheretheselimitations,conditionsorrestrictions maybeconsiderednecessaryfornationaldefenceorinthepublicinterest. IntheeventoftheapplicationoftheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphbyanyAllied Power,thereshallbepaidreasonableindemnitiesorroyalties,whichshallbedealtwithin thesamewayasothersumsduetoTurkishnationalsaredirectedtobedealtwithbythe presentTreaty.

EachoftheAlliedPowersreservestherighttotreatasvoidandofnoeffectanytransferin wholeorinpartoforotherdealingwithrightsoforinrespectofindustrial,literaryor artisticpropertyeffectedafterAugust1,19l4,orinthefuture,whichwouldhavetheresultof defeatingtheobjectsoftheprovisionsofthisArticle. TheprovisionsofthisArticleshallnotapplytorightsinindustrial,literaryorartistic propertywhichhavebeendealtwithintheliquidationofbusinessesorcompaniesunder warlegislationbytheAlliedPowers,orwhichmaybesodealtwithbyvirtueofArticle289. ARTICLE282 AminimumofoneyearafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyshallbeaccordedto thenationalsoftheHighContractingParties,withoutextensionfeesorotherpenalty,in ordertoenablesuchpersonstoaccomplishanyact,fulfilanyformality,payanyfees,and generallysatisfyanyobligationprescribedbythelawsorregulationsoftherespectiveStates relatingtotheobtaining,preservingoropposingrightsto,orinrespectof,industrial propertyeitheracquiredbeforeAugust1,1914,orwhich,exceptforthewar,mighthave beenacquiredsincethatdateasaresultofanapplicationmadebeforethewarorduringits continuance. Allrightsin,orinrespectof,suchpropertywhichmayhavelapsedbyreasonofanyfailure toaccomplishanyact,fulfilanyformality,ormakeanypaymentshallrevive,butsubjectin thecaseofpatentsanddesignstotheimpositionofsuchconditionsaseachAlliedPower maydeemreasonablynecessaryfortheprotectionofpersonswhohavemanufacturedor madeuseofthesubjectmatterofsuchpropertywhiletherightshadlapsed.Furhter,where rightstopatentsordesignsbelongingtoTurkishnationalsarerevivedunderthisArticle, theyshallbesub]ectinrespectofthegrantoflicencestothesameprovisionsaswouldhave beenapplicabletothemduringthewar,aswellastoalltheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty. TheperiodfromAugust1,1914,untilthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyshallbe excludedinconsideringthetimewithinwhichapatentshouldbeworkedoratrademarkor designused,anditisfurtheragreedthatnopatent,registeredtrademarkordesigninforce onAugust1,1914,shallbesubjecttorevocationorcancellationbyreasononlyofthefailure toworksuchpatentorusesuchtrademarkordesignfortwoyearsafterthecominginto forceofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE283. Noactionshallbebroughtandnoclaimmadebypersonsresidingorcarryingonbusiness withintheterritoriesofTurkeyontheonepartandoftheAlliedPowersontheother,or personswhoarenationalsofsuchPowersrespectively,orbyanyonederivingtitleduring thewarfromsuchpersons,byreasonofanyactionwhichhastakenplacewithinthe territoryoftheotherpartybetweenthedateoftheexistenceofastateofwarandthatofthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,whichmightconstituteaninfringementoftherights

ofindustrialpropertyorrightsofliteraryandartisticproperty,eitherexistingatanytime duringthewarorrevivedundertheprovisionsofArticle282. Equally,noactionforinfringementofindustrial,literaryorartisticpropertyrightsbysuch personsshallatanytimebepermissibleinrespectofthesaleorofferingforsaleforaperiod ofoneyearafterthesignatureofthepresentTreatyintheterritoriesoftheAlliedPowerson theonehand,orTurkeyontheother,ofproductsorarticlesmanufactured,orofliteraryor artisticworkspublished,duringtheperiodbetweentheexistenceofastateofwarandthe signatureofthepresentTreaty,oragainstthosewhohaveacquiredandcontinuetouse them.Itisunderstood,nevertheless,thatthisprovisionshallnotapplywhenthepossessorof therightswasdomiciledorhadanindustrialorcommercialestablishmentinthedistricts occupiedbyTurkeyduringthewar. ARTICLE284. Licencesinrespectofindustrial,literaryorartisticpropertyconcludedbeforethewar betweennationalsoftheAlliedPowersorpersonsresidingintheirterritoryorcarryingon businessthereinontheonepart,andTurkishnationalsontheotherpartshallbeconsidered ascancelledasfromthedateoftheexistenceofastateofwarbetweenTurkeyandtheAllied Power.Butinanycasetheformerbeneficiaryofacontractofthiskindshallhavetheright, withinaperiodofsixmonthsafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,todemand fromtheproprietoroftherightsthegrantofanewlicence,theconditionsofwhichindefault ofagreementbetweentheparties,shallbefixedbythedulyqualifiedtribunalinthecountry underwhoselegislationtherightshadbeenacquired,exceptinthecaseoflicencesheldin respectofrightsacquiredunderTurkishlaw.Insuchcasestheconditionsshallbefixedby theArbitralCommissionreferredtoinArticle287.ThetribunalortheCommissionmay,if necessary,fixalsotheamountwhichitmaydeemjustshouldbepaidbyreasonoftheuseof therightsduringthewar. Nolicenceinrespectofindustrial,literaryorartisticpropertygrantedunderthespecialwar legislationofanyAlliedPowershallbeaffectedbythecontinuedexistenceofanylicence enteredintobeforethewar,butshallremainvalidandoffulleffect,andalicencesogranted totheformerbeneficiaryofalicenceenteredintobeforethewarshallbeconsideredas substitutedforsuchlicence. Wheresumshavebeenpaidduringthewarbyvirtueofalicenceoragreementconcluded beforethewarinrespectofrightsofindustrialpropertyorforthereproductionorthe representationofliterary,dramaticorartisticworks,thesesumsshallbedealtwithinthe samemannerasotherdebtsorcreditsofTurkishnationalsasprovidedbythepresent Treaty. ARTICLE285. TheinhabitantsofterritoriesdetachedfromTurkeyunderthepresentTreatyshall, notwithstandingthistransferandthechangeofnationalityconsequentthereon,continueto

enjoyinTurkeyalltherightsinindustrial,literaryandartisticpropertytowhichtheywere entitledunderTurkishlegislationatthetimeofthetransfer. Rightsofindustrial,literaryandartisticpropertywhichareinforceintheterritories detachedfromTurkeyunderthepresentTreatyatthemomentofthetransfer,orwhichwill bereestablishedorrestoredinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle281,shallbe recognisedbytheStatetowhichthesaidterritoryistransferred,andshallremaininforcein thatterritoryforthesameperiodoftimegiventhemundertheTurkishlaw. ARTICLE286. Aspecialconventionshalldetermineallquestionsrelativetotherecords,registersand copiesinconnectionwiththeprotectionofindustrial,literaryorartisticproperty,andfix theireventualtransmissionorcommunicationbytheTurkishofficestotheofficesofthe StatesinfavourofwhichterritoryisdetachedfromTurkey. SECTIONIV. PROPERTY,RIGHTSANDINTERESTS. ARTICLE287. Theproperty,rightsandinterestssituatedinterritorywhichwasunderTurkishsovereignty onAugust1,1914,andbelongingtonationalsofAlliedPowerswhowerenotduringthewar Turkishnationals,orofcompaniescontrolledbythem,shallbeimmediatelyrestoredtotheir ownersfreeofalltaxesleviedbyorundertheauthorityoftheTurkishGovernmentor authorities,exceptsuchaswouldhavebeenleviableinaccordancewiththecapitulations. Wherepropertyhasbeenconfiscatedduringthewarorsequestratedinsuchawaythatits ownersenjoyednobenefittherefrom,itshallberestoredfreeofalltaxeswhatever. TheTurkishGovernmentshalltakesuchstepsasmaybewithinitspowertorestorethe ownertothepossessionofhispropertyfreefromallencumbrancesorburdenswithwhichit mayhavebeenchargedwithouthisassent.Itshallindemnifyallthirdpartiesinjuredbythe restitution. IftherestitutionprovidedforinthisArticlecannotbeeffected,oriftheproperty,rightsor interestshavebeendamagedorinjured,whethertheyhavebeenseizedornot,theowner shallbeentitledtocompensation.ClaimsmadeinthisrespectbythenationalsofAllied Powersorbycompaniescontrolledbythemshallbeinvestigatedandthetotalofthe compensationshallbedeterminedbyanArbitralCommissiontobeappointedbythe CounciloftheLeagueofNations.ThiscompensationshallbebornebytheTurkish GovernmentandmaybechargeduponthepropertyofTurkishnationalswithintheterritory orunderthecontroloftheclaimantsState.Sofarasitisnotmetfromthissourceitshallbe satisfiedoutoftheannuityreferredtoinArticle236(ii),PartVIII.(FinancialClauses)ofthe presentTreaty.

TheaboveprovisionshallnotimposeanyobligationontheTurkishGovernmenttopay compensationfordamagetoproperty,rightsandinterestseffectedsinceOctober30,1918,in territoryintheeffectiveoccupationoftheAlliedPowersanddetachedfromTurkeybythe presentTreaty.Compensationforanyactualdamagetosuchproperty,rightsandinterests inflictedbytheoccupyingauthoritiessincetheabovedateshallbeachargeontheAllied authoritiesresponsible. ARTICLE288. Theproperty,rightsandinterestsinTurkeyofformerTurkishnationalswhoacquireipso factothenationalityofanAlliedPowerorofanewStateinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof thepresentTreaty,oranyfurtherTreatyregulatingthedisposalofterritoriesdetachedfrom Turkey,shallberestoredtothemintheiractualcondition. ARTICLE289. SubjecttoanycontrarystipulationswhichmaybeprovidedinthepresentTreaty,theAllied Powersreservetherighttoretainandliquidateallproperty,rightsandinterestsofTurkish nationals,orcompaniescontrolledbythem,withintheirterritories,colonies,possessionsand protectorates,excludinganyterritoryunderTurkishsovereigntyonOctober17,19l2. TheliquidationshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththelawsoftheAlliedPower concerned,andtheTurkishownershallnotbeabletodisposeofsuchproperty,rights,or interests,ortosubjectthemtoanycharge,withouttheconsentofthatPower. ARTICLE290. TurkishnationalswhoacquireipsofactothenationalityofanAlliedPowerorofanewState inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,oranyfurtherTreatyregulatingthe disposalofterritoriesdetachedfromTurkey,willnotbeconsideredasTurkishnationals withinthemeaningofthefifthparagraphofArticle281,Articles282,284,thethird paragraphofArticle287,Articles289,29I,292,293,30I,302,and308. ARTICLE291. Allproperty,rightsandinterestsofTurkishnationalswithintheterritoryofanyAllied Power,excludinganyterritoryunderTurkishsovereigntyonOctober17,1912,andthenet proceedsoftheirsale,liquidationorotherdealingtherewithmaybechargedbythatAllied PowerwithpaymentofamountsdueinrespectofclaimsbythenationalsofthatAllied PowerunderArticle287orinrespectofdebtsowingtothembyTurkishnationals. Theproceedsoftheliquidationofsuchproperty,rightsandinterestsnotusedasprovidedin Article289andthefirstparagraphofthisArticleshallbepaidtotheFinancialCommission tobeemployedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle236(ii),PartVIII(Financial Clauses)ofthepresentTreaty.

ARTICLE292. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestocompensateitsnationalsinrespectofthesaleor retentionoftheirproperty,rightsorinterestsinAlliedcountries. ARTICLE293 TheGovernmentsofanAlliedPowerornewStateexercisingauthorityinterritorydetached fromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresentTreatyoranyotherTreatyconcludedsince October17,1912,mayliquidatetheproperty,rightsandinterestsofTurkishcompaniesor companiescontrolledbyTurkishnationalsinsuchterritory;theproceedsoftheliquidation shallbepaiddirecttothecompany. ThisArticleshallnotapplytocompaniesinwhichAlliednationals,includingthoseofthe territoriesplacedundermandate,hadonAugust1,1914,apreponderantinterest. TheprovisionsofthefirstparagraphofthisArticlerelatingtothepaymentoftheproceedsof liquidationdonotapplyinthecaseofrailwayundertakingswheretheownerisaTurkish companyinwhichthemajorityofthecapitalorthecontrolisheldbyGerman,Austrian, HungarianorBulgariannationalseitherdirectlyorthroughtheirinterestsinacompany controlledbythem,orwassoheldonAugust1,1914.Insuchcasetheproceedsofthe liquidationshallbepaidtotheFinancialCommission. ARTICLE294. TheTurkishGovernmentshall,onthedemandofthePrincipalAlliedPowers,takeoverthe undertaking,property,rightsandinterestsofanyTurkishcompanyholdingarailway concessioninTurkishterritoryasitresultsfromthepresentTreaty,andshalltransferin accordancewiththeadviceoftheFinancialCommissionthesaidundertaking,property, rightsandinterests,togetherwithanyinterestwhichitmayholdinthelineorinthe undertaking,atapricetobefixedbyanarbitratornominatedbytheCounciloftheLeagueof Nations.TheamountofthispriceshallbepaidtotheFinancialCommissionandshallbe distributedbyit,togetherwithanyamountreceivedinaccordancewithArticle293,among thepersonsdirectlyorindirectlyinterestedinthecompany,theproportionattributableto theinterestsofnationalsofGermany,Austria,HungaryorBulgariabeingpaidtothe ReparationCommissionestablishedundertheTreatiesofPeacewithGermany,Austria, HungaryandBulgariarespectively;theproportionofthepriceattributabletotheTurkish GovernmentshallberetainedbytheFinancialCommissionforthepurposesreferredtoin Article236,PartVlll(FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE295. Untiltheexpirationofaperiodofsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresent Treaty,theTurkishGovernmentwilleffectivelyprohibitalldealingswiththeproperty, rightsandinterestswithinitsterritorywhichbelong,atthedateofthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreaty,toGermany,Austria,Hungary,Bulgariaortheirnationals,exceptinso

farasmaybenecessaryforthecarryingintoeffectoftheprovisionsofArticle260ofthe TreatyofPeacewithGermanyoranycorrespondingprovisionsintheTreatiesofPeacewith Austria,HungaryorBulgaria. SubjecttoanyspecialstipulationsinthepresentTreatyaffectingpropertyofthesaidStates, theTurkishGovernmentwillproceedtoliquidateanyoftheproperty,rightsorinterests abovereferredtowhichmaybenotifiedtoitwithinthesaidperiodofsixmonthsbythe PrincipalAlliedPowers.Thesaidliquidationshallbeeffectedunderthedirectionofthesaid Powersandinthemannerindicatedbythem.Theprohibitionofdealingswithsuchproperty shallbemaintaineduntiltheliquidationiscompleted. Theproceedsofliquidationshallbepaiddirecttotheowners,exceptwherethepropertyso liquidatedbelongstotheGerman,Austrian,HungarianorBulgarianStates,inwhichevent theproceedsshallbehandedovertotheReparationCommissionestablishedunderthe TreatyofPeacewiththeStatetowhichthepropertybelonged. ARTICLE296. TheGovernmentsexercisingauthorityinterritorydetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewith thepresentTreatymayliquidateanyproperty,rightsandinterestswithinsuchterritory whichbelongatthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytoGermany,Austria, Hungary,Bulgariaortheirnationals,unlesstheyhavebeendealtwithundertheprovisions ofArticle260oftheTreatyofPeacewithGermanyoranycorrespondingprovisionsinthe TreatiesofPeacewithAustria,HungaryorBulgaria. TheproceedsofliquidationshallbedisposedofinthemannerprovidedinArticle295. ARTICLE297. IfontheapplicationoftheownertheArbitralCommissionprovidedforinArticle287is satisfiedthattheconditionsofsaleofanypropertyliquidatedinvirtueofArticles293,295or 296,ormeasurestakenoutsideitsgenerallegislationbytheGovernmentexercisingauthority intheterritoryinwhichthepropertywassituated,wereunfairlyprejudicialtotheprice obtained,theCommissionshallhavediscretiontoawardtotheownerequitable compensationtobepaidbythatGovernment. ARTICLE298. Thevalidityofvestingordersandofordersforthewindingupofbusinessesorcompanies andofanyotherorders,directionsdecisionsorinstructionsofanycourtoranydepartment oftheGovernmentofanyoftheAlliedPowersmadeorgiven,orpurportingtobemadeor given,inpursuanceofwarlegislationwithregardtoenemyproperty,rightsandinterestsin theirterritoriesisconfirmed. Theinterestsofallpersonsshallberegardedashavingbeeneffectivelydealtwithbyany order,direction,decisionorinstructiondealingwithsuchpropertyinwhichtheymaybe

interested,whetherornotsuchinterestsarespecificallymentionedintheorder,direction, decisionorinstruction Noquestionshallberaisedastotheregularityofatransferofanyproperty,rightsor interestsdealtwithinpursuanceofanysuchorder,direction,decisionorinstruction. Everyactiontakenwithregardtoanyproperty,businessorcomapnyintheterritoriesofthe AlliedPowers,whetherasregardsitsinvestigation,sequestration,compulsory administration,use,requisition,supervisionorwindingup,thesaleormanagementof property,rightsorinterests,thecollectionordischargeofdebts,thepaymentofcosts, chargesorexpenses,oranyothermatterwhatsoeverinpursuanceoforders,directions, decisionsorinstructionsofanycourtorofanydepartmentoftheGovernmentofanyofthe AlliedPowers,madeorgiven,orpurportingtobemadeorgiven,inpursuanceofwar legislationwithregardtoenemyproperty,rightsorinterests,isconfirmed. ARTICLE299. ThevalidityofanymeasurestakenbetweenOctober30,1918,andthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreatybyorundertheauthorityofoneormoreoftheAlliedPowersinregardto theproperty,rightsandinterestsinTurkishterritoryofGermany,Austria,Hungaryor Bulgariaortheirnationalsisconfirmed. AnybalanceremainingunderthecontroloftheAlliedPowersastheresultofsuchmeasures shallbedisposedofinthemannerprovidedinthelastparagraphofArticle295. ARTICLE300. NoclaimoractionshallbemadeorbroughtagainstanyAlliedPoweroragainstanyperson actingonbehalfoforunderthedirectionofanylegalauthorityordepartmentofthe GovernmentofsuchaPowerbyTurkeyorbyoronbehalfofanypersonwhereverresident whoonAugust1,19l4,wasaTurkishnational,orwhobecamesuchafterthatdate,in respectofanyactoromissionwithregardtotheproperty,rightsorinterestsofTurkish nationalsduringthewarorinpreparationforthewar. Similarly,noclaimoractionshallbemadeorbroughtagainstanypersoninrespectofany actoromissionunderorinaccordancewiththeexceptionalwarmeasures,lawsor regulationsofanyAlliedPower. ARTICLE301. TheTurkishGovernment,ifrequired,will,withinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreaty,delivertoeachAlliedPoweranysecurities,certificates,deedsor documentsoftitleheldbyitsnationalsandrelatingtoproperty,rightsorinterestswhichare subjecttoliquidationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,includingany shares,stock,debentures,debenturestockorotherobligationsofanycompanyincorporated inaccordancewiththelawsofthatPower.

TheTurkishGovernmentwill,atanytimeondemandofanyAlliedPowerconcerned, furnishsuchinformationasmayberequiredwithregardtosuchproperty,rightsand interests,orwithregardtoanytransactionsconcerningsuchproperty,rightsorinterests sinceJuly1,1914. ARTICLE302. Debts,otherthantheOttomanPublicDebtprovidedforinArticle236andAnnexI,PartVIII (FinancialClauses)ofthepresentTreaty,betweentheTurkishGovernmentoritsnationals residentinTurkishterritoryonthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty(withthe exceptionofTurkishcompaniescontrolledbyAlliedgroupsornationals)ontheonehand, andtheGovernmentsoftheAlliedPowersortheirnationalswhowerenotonAugust1, 19l4,Turkishnationalsor(exceptinthecaseofforeignofficialsintheTurkishservice,in regardtotheirsalaries,pensionsorofficialremuneration)residentorcarryingonbusinessin Turkishterritory,ontheotherhand,whichwerepayablebeforethewar,orbecamepayable duringthewarandaroseoutoftransactionsorcontractsofwhichthetotalorpartial executionwassuspendedonaccountofthewar,shallbepaidorcreditedinthecurrencyof suchoneoftheAlliedPowers,theircoloniesorprotectorates,ortheBritishDominionsor India,asmaybeconcerned.Ifadebtwaspayableinsomeothercurrencytheconversion shallbeeffectedattheprewarrateofexchange. Forthepurposeofthisprovisiontheprewarrateofexchangeshallbedefinedastheaverage cabletransferrateprevailingintheAlliedcountryconcernedduringthemonthimmediately precedingtheoutbreakofwarbetweenthesaidcountryandTurkey. Ifacontractprovidesforafixedrateofexchangegoverningtheconversionofthecurrencyin whichthedebtisstatedintothecurrencyoftheAlliedPowerconcerned,thentheabove provisionsconcerningtherateofexchangeshallnotapply. Theproceedsofliquidationofenemyproperty,rightsandinterestsandthecashassetsof enemies,referredtointhisSection,shallalsobeaccountedforinthecurrencyandattherate ofexchangeprovidedforabove. TheprovisionsofthisArticleregardingtherateofexchangeshallnotaffectdebtsduetoor frompersonsresidentinterritoriesdetachedfromTurkeyinaccordancewiththepresent Treaty. ARTICLE303. TheprovisionsofArticles287to302applytoindustrialliteraryandartisticpropertywhich hasbeenormaybedealtwithintheliquidationofproperty,rights,interests,companiesor businessesunderwarlegislationbytheAlliedPowers,orinaccordancewiththestipulations ofthepresentTreaty.

SECTIONV. CONTRACTS,PRESCRIPTIONS,JUDGMENTS. ARTICLE304. Subjecttotheexceptionsandspecialruleswithregardtoparticularcontractsorclassesof contractscontainedintheAnnexhereto,anycontractconcludedbetweenenemieswillbe maintainedordissolvedaccordingtothelawoftheAlliedPowerofwhichthepartywho wasnotaTurkishsubjectonAugust1,1914,isanational,andontheconditionsprescribed bythatlaw. ARTICLE305. Allperiodsofprescriptionorlimitationofrightofaction,whethertheybegantorunbefore oraftertheoutbreakofwar,shallbetreatedintheterritoryoftheHighContractingParties, sofarasregardsrelationsbetweenenemies,ashavingbeensuspendedfromOctober29, 19l4,tillthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.Theyshallbegintorunagainatearliest threemonthsafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.Thisprovisionshallapplyto theperiodprescribedforthepresentationofinterestordividendcouponsorforthe presentationforrepaymentofsecuritiesdrawnforrepaymentorrepayableonanyother ground. HavingregardtotheprovisionsofthelawofJapan,neitherthepresentArticlenorArticle 304northeAnnexheretoshallapplytocontractsmadebetweenJapanesenationalsand Turkishnationals. ARTICLE306. Asbetweenenemiesnonegotiableinstrumentmadebeforethewarshallbedeemedtohave becomeinvalidbyreasononlyoffailurewithintherequiredtimetopresenttheinstrument foracceptanceorpayment,ortogivenoticeofnonacceptanceornonpaymenttodrawersor endorsers,ortoprotesttheinstrument,norbyreasonoffailuretocompleteanyformality duringthewar. Wheretheperiodwithinwhichanegotiableinstrumentshouldhavebeenpresentedfor acceptanceorforpayment,orwithinwhichnoticeofnonacceptanceornonpaymentshould havebeengiventothedrawerorendorser,orwithinwhichtheinstrumentshouldhavebeen protested,haselapsedduringthewar,andthepartywhoshouldhavepresentedor protestedtheinstrumentorhavegivennoticeofnonacceptanceornonpaymenthasfailed todosoduringthewar,aperiodofnotlessthanthreemonthsfromthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreatyshallbeallowedwithinwhichpresentation,noticeofnonacceptanceor nonpaymentorprotestmaybemade. ARTICLE307.

JudgmentsgivenormeasuresofexecutionorderedduringthewarbyanyTurkishjudicialor administrativeauthorityagainstorprejudiciallyaffectingtheinterestsofapersonwhowas atthetimeanationalofanAlliedPoweroragainstoraffectingtheinterestsofacompanyin whichsuchanAlliednationalwasinterestedshallbesubjecttorevision,ontheapplication ofthatnational,bytheArbitralCommissionprovidedforinArticle287.Wheresuchacourse isequitableandpossiblethepartiesshallbereplacedinthesituationwhichtheyoccupied beforethejudgmentwasgivenorthemeasureofexecutionorderedbytheTurkish authority.Wherethatisnotpossible,thenationalofanalliedpowerwhohassuffered prejudicebythejudgmentormeasureofexecutionshallbeentitledtorecoversuch compensationastheArbitralCommissionmayconsiderequitable,suchcompensationtobe paidbytheTurkishGovernment. Whereacontracthasbeendissolvedbyreasoneitheroffailureonthepartofeitherpartyto carryoutitsprovisionsoroftheexerciseofarightstipulatedinthecontractitselftheparty prejudicedmayapplytotheArbitralCommission.ThisCommissionmaygrant compensationtotheprejudicedparty,ormayordertherestorationofanyrightsinTurkey whichhavebeenprejudicedbythedissolutionwherever,havingregardtothecircumstances ofthecase,suchrestorationisequitableandpossible. Turkeyshallcompensateanythirdpartywhomaybeprejudicedbyanyrestitutionor restorationeffectedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisArticle. ARTICLE308. Allquestionsrelatingtocontractsconcludedbeforethecomingintoforceofthepresent TreatybetweenpersonswhowereorhavebecomenationalsoftheAlliedPowersorofthe newStateswhoseterritoryisdetachedfromTurkeyandTurkishnationalsshallbedecided bythenationalCourtsortheconsularCourtsoftheAlliedPowerornewStateofwhichone ofthepartiestothecontractisanational,totheexclusionoftheTurkishCourts. ARTICLE309. JudgmentsgivenbythenationalorconsularCourtsofanAlliedPowerornewStatewhose territoryisdetachedfromTurkey,orordersmadebytheArbitralCommissionprovidedfor inArticle287,inallcaseswhich,underthepresentTreaty,theyarecompetenttodecide, shallberecognisedinTurkeyasfinal,andshallbeenforcedwithoutitbeingnecessaryto havethemdeclaredexecutory ANNEX I.GeneralProvisions. I. WithinthemeaningofArticles304to306andoftheprovisionsofthisAnnex,thepartiestoa contractshallberegardedasenemieswhentradingbetweenthembecamehnpossibleinfact,

orwasprohibitedbyorotherwisebecameunlawfulunderlaws,ordersorregulationsto whichoneofthosepartieswassubject.Theyshallbedeemedtohavebecomeenemiesfrom thedatewhensuchtradingbecameimpossibleinfactorwasprohibitedorotherwisebecame unlawful. 2. Thefollowingclassesofcontractsremaininforcesubjecttotheapplicationofdomesticlaws, ordersorregulationsmadeduringthewarbytheAlliedPowersandsubjecttothetermsof thecontracts: (a)Contractshavingfortheirobjectthetransferofestatesorofrealorpersonalproperty, wherethepropertythereinhadpassedortheobjecthadbeendeliveredbeforetheparties becameenemies; (b)Leasesandagreementsforleasesoflandandhouses; (c)Contractsofmortgage,pledge,orlien; (d)ContractsbetweenindividualsorcompaniesandtheState,provinces,municipalities,or othersimilarjuridicalpersonschargedwithadministrativefunctions,andconcessions grantedbytheState,provinces,municipalities,orothersimilarjuridicalpersonscharged withadministrativefunctions,subjecthowevertoanyspecialprovisionsrelatingto concessionslaiddowninthepresentTreaty. Whentheexecutionofthecontractsthuskeptalivewould,owingtothealterationof economicconditions,causeoneofthepartiessubstantialprejudice,theArbitralCommission providedforinArticle287shallbeempowered,ontherequestoftheprejudicedparty,to granttohimequitablecompensationbywayofreparation. II.ProvisionsRelatingtoCertainClassesofContracts. StockExchangeandCommercialExchangeContracts. 3 (a)RulesmadeduringthewarbyanyrecognisedExchangeorCommercialAssociation providingfortheclosureofcontractsenteredintobeforethewarbyanenemyareconfirmed bytheHighContractingParties,asalsoanyactiontakenthereunderprovided: (1)ThatthecontractwasexpressedtobemadesubjecttotherulesoftheExchangeor Associationinquestion; (2)Thattherulesappliedtoallpersonsconcerned; (3)Thattheconditionsattachingtotheclosurewerefairandreasonable.

(b)TheclosureofcontractsrelatingtocottonfutureswhichwereclosedasonJuly31,1914, underthedecisionoftheLiverpoolCottonAssociation,isalsoconfirmed. Security. 4 Thesaleofasecurityheldforanunpaiddebtowingbyanenemyshallbedeemedtohave beenvalidirrespectiveofnoticetotheownerifthecreditoractedingoodfaithandwith reasonablecareandprudence,andnoclaimbythedebtoronthegroundofsuchsaleshallbe admitted. NegotiableInstruments. 5 Ifapersonhaseitherbeforeorduringthewarbecomeliableuponanegotiableinstrumentin accordancewithanundertakinggiventohimbyapersonwhohassubsequentlybecomean enemy,thelattershallremainliabletoindemnifytheformerinrespectofhisliability, notwithstandingtheoutbreakofwar. III.ContractsofInsurance. 6. Theprovisionsofthefollowingparagraphsshallapplyonlytoinsuranceandreinsurance contractsbetweenTurkishnationalsandnationalsoftheAlliedPowersinthecaseofwhich tradingwithTurkeyhasbeenprohibited.Theseprovisionsshallnotapplytocontracts betweenTurkishnationalsandcompaniesorindividuals,evenifnationalsoftheAllied Powers,establishedinterritorydetachedfromTurkeyunderthepresentTreaty. Incaseswheretheprovisionsofthefollowingparagraphsdonotapply,contractsof insuranceandreinsuranceshallbesubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle304. FireInsurance. 7 Contractsfortheinsuranceofpropertyagainstfireenteredintobyapersoninterestedin suchpropertywithanotherpersonwhosubsequentlybecameanenemyshallnotbedeemed tohavebeendissolvedbytheoutbreakofwar,orbythefactofthepersonbecomingan enemy,oronaccountofthefailureduringthewarandforaperiodofthreemonths thereaftertoperformhisobligationsunderthecontract,buttheyshallbedissolvedatthe datewhentheannualpremiumbecomespayableforthefirsttimeaftertheexpirationofa periodofthreemonthsafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.

Asettlementshallbeeffectedofunpaidpremiumswhichbecamedueduringthewar,orof claimsforlosseswhichoccurredduringthewar. 8. Wherebyadministrativeorlegislativeactionaninsuranceagainstfireeffectedbeforethe warhasbeentransferredduringthewarfromtheoriginaltoanotherinsurer,thetransfer willberecognisedandtheliabilityoftheoriginalinsurerwillbedeemedtohaveceasedas fromthedateofthetransfer.Theoriginalinsurerwill,however,beentitledtoreceiveon demandfullinformationastothetermsofthetransfer,andifitshouldappearthatthese termswerenotequitable,theyshallbeamendedsofarasmaybenecessarytorenderthem equitable. Furthermore,theinsuredshall,subjecttotheconcurrenceoftheoriginalinsurer,beentitled toretransferthecontracttotheoriginalinsurerasfromthedateofthedemand. LifeInsurance. 9 Contractsoflifeinsuranceenteredintobetweenaninsurerandapersonwhosubsequently becameanenemyshallnotbedeemedtohavebeendissolvedbytheoutbreakofwarorby thefactofthepersonbecominganenemy. Anysumwhichduringthewarbecamedueuponacontractdeemednottohavebeen dissolvedundertheprecedingprovisionshallberecoverableafterthewarwiththeaddition ofinterestat5percent.perannumfromthedateofitsbecomingdueuptothedayof payment. Wherethecontracthaslapsedduringthewarowingtononpaymentofpremiums,orhas becomevoidfrombreachoftheconditionsofthecontracttheassuredorhisrepresentatives orthepersonsentitledshallhavetherightatanytimewithintwelvemonthsofthecoming intoforceofthepresentTreatytoclaimfromtheinsurerthesurrendervalueofthepolicyat thedateofitslapseoravoidance. 10. Wherecontractsoflifeinsurancehavebeenenteredintobyalocalbranchofaninsurance companyestablishedinacountrywhichsubsequentlybecameanenemycountry,the contractshall,intheabsenceofanystipulationtothecontraryinthecontractitself,be governedbythelocallaw,buttheinsurershallbeentitledtodemandfromtheinsuredorhis representativestherefundofsumspaidorclaimsmadeorenforcedundermeasurestaken duringthewar,ifthemakingorenforcementofsuchclaimswasnotinaccordancewiththe termsofthecontractitselforwasnotconsistentwiththelawsortreatiesexistingatthetime whenitwasenteredinto.

11. Inanycasewherebythelawapplicabletothecontracttheinsurerremainsboundbythe contract,notwithstandingthenonpaymentofpremiums,untilnoticeisgiventotheinsured oftheterminationofthecontract,heshallbeentitledwherethegivingofsuchnoticewas preventedbythewartorecovertheunpaidpremiumswithinterestat5percent.perannum fromtheinsured. 12. Insurancecontractsshallbeconsideredascontractsoflifeassuranceforthepurposeof paragraphs9to11whentheydependontheprobabilitiesofhumanlifecombinedwiththe rateofinterestforthecalculationofthereciprocalengagementsbetweenthetwoparties. MarineInsurance. 13. Contractsofmarineinsurance,includingtimepoliciesandvoyagepolicies,enteredinto betweenaninsurerandapersonwhosubsequentlybecameanenemy,shallbedeemedto havebeendissolvedonhisbecominganenemy,exceptincaseswheretheriskundertakenin thecontracthadattachedbeforehebecameanenemy. Wheretheriskhadnotattached,moneypaidbywayofpremiumorotherwiseshallbe recoverablefromtheinsurer. Wheretheriskhadattached,effectshallbegiventothecontract,notwithstandingtheparty becominganenemy,andsumsdueunderthecontracteitherbywayofpremiumsorin respectoflossesshallberecoverableafterthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty. Intheeventofanyagreementbeingcometoforthepayment,ofinterestonsumsduebefore thewartoorbythenationalsofStateswhichhavebeenatwarandrecoveredafterthewar, suchinterestshallinthecaseoflossesrecoverableundercontractsofmarineinsurancerun fromtheexpirationofaperiodofoneyearfromthedateoftheloss. 14. Nocontractofmarineinsurancewithaninsuredpersonwhosubsequentlybecamean enemyshallbedeemedtocoverlossesduetobelligerentactionbythePowerofwhichthe insurerwasanationalorbythealliesofsuchPower. 15. Whereitisshownthatapersonwhohadbeforethewarenteredintoacontractofmarine insurancewithaninsurerwhosubsequentlybecameanenemyenteredaftertheoutbreakof warintoanewcontractcoveringthesameriskwithaninsurerwhowasnotanenemy,the

newcontractshallbedeemedtobesubtitutedfortheoriginalcontractasfromthedatewhen itwasenteredinto,andthepremiumspayableshallbeadjustedonthebasisoftheoriginal insurerhavingremainedliableonthecontractonlyuptillthetimewhenthenewcontract wasenteredinto. OtherInsuronces. 16 Contractsofinsuranceenteredbeforethewarbetweenaninsurerandapersonwho subsequentlybecameanenemy,otherthancontractsdealtwithinparagraph7to15,shallbe treatedinallrespectsonthesamefootingascontractsoffireinsurancebetweenthesame personswouldbedealtwithunderthesaidparagraphs. Reinsurance. 17. Alltreatiseofreinsurancewithapersonwhobecameanenemyshallberegardedashaving beenabrogatedbythepersonbecominganenemy,butwithoutprejudiceinthecaseoflifeor marineriskswhichhadattachedbeforethewartotherighttorecoverpaymentafterthewar forsumsdueinrespectofsuchrisks. Nevertheless,if,owingtoinvasion,ithasbeenimpossibleforthereinsuredtofindanother reinsurer,thetreatyshallremaininforceuntilthreemonthsafterthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty. Whenareinsurancetreatybecomesvoidunderthisparagraphthereshallbeanadjustment ofaccountsbetweenthepartiesinrespectbothofpremiumspaidandpayableandof liabilitiesforlossesinrespectoflifeormarineriskwhichhadattachedbeforethewar.Inthe caseofrisksotherthanthosementionedinparagraphs9to15,theadjustmentofaccounts shallbemadeasatthedateofthepartiesbecomingenemies,withoutregardtoclaimsfor losseswhichmayhaveoccurredsincethatdate. 18. Theprovisionsofparagraph17willextendequallytoreinsura.ncesexistingatthedateofthe partiesbecomingenemiesofparticularrisksundertakenbytheinsurerinacontractof insuranceagainstanyriskotherthanlifeormarinerisks. 19. Reinsuranceofliferiskseffectedbyparticularcontractsandnotunderanygeneraltreaty remaininforce. 20.

Incaseofareinsuranceeffectedbeforethewarofacontractofmarineinsurance,thecession ofariskwhichhadbeencededtothereinsurershall,ifithadattachedbeforetheoutbreakof war,remainvalidandeffectbegiventothecontract,notwithstandingtheoutbreakofwar; sumsdueunderthecontractofreinsuranceinrespecteitherofpremiumsoroflossesshallbe recoverableafterthewar. 21. Theprovisionsofparagraphs14and15andthelastpartofparagraph13shallapplyto contractsforthereinsuranceofmarinerisks. SECTIONVI. COMPANIESANDCONCESSIONS. ARTICLE310. InapplicationoftheprovisionsofArticle287,Alliednationalsandcompaniescontrolledby AlliedgroupsornationalsholdingconcessionsgrantedbeforeOctober29,1914,bythe TurkishgovernmentorbyanyTurkishlocalauthorityinterritoryremainingTurkishunder thepresentTreaty,orholdingconcessionswhichmaybeassignedtothembytheFinancial CommissioninvirtueofArticle294,shallbereplacedbysuchGovernmentorauthoritiesin completepossessionoftherightsresultingfromtheoriginalconcessioncontractandany subsequentagreementspriortoOctober29,1914.TheTurkishGovernmentundertakesto adaptsuchcontractsoragreementstotheneweconomicconditions,andtoextendthemfora periodequaltotheintervalbetweenOctober29,1914,andthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty.IncasesofdisputewiththeTurkishGovernmentthemattershallbe submittedtotheArbitralCommissionreferredtoinArticle287. Alllegislativeorotherprovisions,allconcessionsandallagreementssubsequenttoOctober 29,1914,andprejudicialtotherightsreferredtointheprecedingparagraphshallbedeclared nullandvoidbytheTurkishGovernment. TheconcessionnairesreferredtointhlsArticlemay,iftheFinancialCommissionapproves, abandonthewholeorpartofthecompensationaccordedtothembytheArbitral CommissionundertheconditionslaiddowninArticle287fordamageorlosssuffered duringthewar,inexchangeforcontractualcompensation. ARTICLE311. InterritoriesdetachedfromTurkeytobeplacedundertheauthorityortutelageofoneofthe PrincipalAlliedPowers,AlliednationalsandcompaniescontrolledbyAlliedgroupsor nationalsholdingconcessionsgrantedbeforeOctober29,1914,bytheTurkishGovernment orbyanyTurkishlocalauthorityshallcontinueincompleteenjoymentoftheirduly

acquiredrightsandthePowerconcernedshallmaintaintheguaranteesgrantedorshall assignequivalentones. Nevertheless,anysuchPower,ifitconsidersthatthemaintenanceofanyofthese concessionswouldbecontrarytothepublicinterest,shallbeentitled,withinaperiodofsix monthsfromthedateonwhichtheterritoryisplacedunderitsauthorityortutelage,tobuy outsuchconcessionortoproposemodificationstherein;inthateventitshallbeboundto paytotheconcessionnaireequitablecompensationinaccordancewiththefollowing provisions. Ifthepartiescannotagreeontheamountofsuchcompensation,itwillbedeterminedby ArbitralTribunalscomposedofthreemembers,onedesignatedbytheStateofwhichthe concessionnaireortheholdersofthemajorityofthecapitalinthecaseofacompanyisorare nationals,onebytheGovernmentexerisingauthorityintheterritoryinquestion,andthe thirddesignated,failingagreementbetweentheparties,bytheCounciloftheLeagueof Nations. TheTribunalshalltakeintoaccount,fromboththelegalandequitablestandpoints,all relevantmatters,onthebasisofthemaintenanceofthecontractadaptedasindicatedinthe followingparagraph. Theholderofaconcessionwhichismaintainedinforceshallhavetheright,withinaperiod ofsixmonthsaftertheexpirationoftheperiodspecifiedinthesecondparagraphofthis Article,todemandtheadaptationofhiscontracttotheneweconomicconditions,andinthe absenceofagreementdirectwiththeGovernrnentconcernedthedecisionshallbereferredto theArbitralCommissionprovidedforabove. ARTICLE312. InallterritoriesdetachedfromTurkey,eitherasaresultoftheBalkanWarsin1913,orunder thepresentTreaty,otherthanthosereferredtoinArticle311,theStatewhichdefinitively acquirestheterritoryshallipsofactosucceedtothedutiesandchargesofTurkeytowards concessionnairesandholdersofcontracts,referredtointhefirstparagraphofArticle311, andshallmaintaintheguaranteesgrantedorassignequivalentones. Thissuccessionshalltakeeffect,inthecaseofeachacquiringState,asfromthecominginto forceoftheTreatyunderwhichthecessionwaseffected.SuchStateshalltakeallnecessary stepstoensurethattheconcessionsmaybeworkedandthecarryingoutofthecontracts proceededwithwithoutinterruption. Nevertheless,asfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,negotiationsmaybe enteredintobetweentheacquiringStatesandtheholdersofcontractsorconcessions,witha viewtoamutualagreementforbringingsuchconcessionsandcontractsintoconformity withthelegislationofsuchStatesandtheneweconomicconditions.Shouldagreementnot

havebeenreachedwithinsixmonths,theStateortheholdersoftheconcessionsorcontracts maysubmitthedisputetoanArbitralTribunalconstitutedasprovidedinArticle311. ARTICLE313. TheapplicationofArticles311and312shallnotgiverisetoanyawardofcompensationin respectoftherighttoissuepapermoney. ARTICLE314. TheAlliedPowersshallnotbeboundtorecogniseinterritorydetachedfromTurkeythe validityofthegrantofanyconcessiongrantedbytheTurkishGovernmentorbyTurkish localauthoritiesafterOctober29,1914,northevalidityofthetransferofanyconcession effectedafterthatdate.Anysuchconcessionsandtransfersmaybedeclarednullandvoid, andtheircancellationshallgiverisetonocompensation. ARTICLE315. AllconcessionsorrightsinconcessionsgrantedbytheTurkishGovernmentsinceOctober 30,1918,andallsuchconcessionsorrightsgrantedsinceAugust1,1914,infavourof German,Austrian,Hungarian,BulgarianorTurkishnationalsorcompaniescontrolledby them,untilthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,areherebyannulled. ARTICLE316. (a)AnycompanyincorporatedinaccordancewithTurkishlawandoperatinginTurkey whichisnoworshallhereafterbecontrolledbyAlliednationalsshallhavetheright,within fiveyearsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,totransferitsproperty,rightsand intereststoanothercompanyincorporatedinaccordancewiththelawofoneoftheAllied Powerswhosenationalscontrolit;andthecompanytowhichtheproperty,rightsand interestsaretransferredshallcontinuetoenjoythesamerightsandprivilegesastheother companyenjoyedunderthelawsofTurkeyandthetermsofthepresentTreaty,subjectto meetingobligationspreviouslyincurred. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestomodifyitslegislationsoastoallowcompaniesof AlliednationalitytoholdconcessionsorcontractsinTurkey. (b)AnycompanyincorporatedinaccordancewithTurkishlawandoperatinginterritory detachedfromTurkey,whichisnoworhereaftershallbecontrolledbyAlliednationals, shall,inthesamewayandwithinthesameperiod,havetherighttotransferitsproperty, rightsandintereststoanothercompanyincorporatedinaccordancewiththelaweitherof theStateexercisingauthorityintheterritoryinquestionorofoneoftheAlliedPowers whosenationalscontrolit.Thecompanytowhichtheproperty,rightsandinterestsare transferredshallcontinuetoenjoythesamerightsandprivilegesastheothercompany enjoyed,includingthoseconferredonitbythepresentTreaty.

(c)InTurkeycompaniesofAlliednationalitytowhichtheproperty,rightsandinterestsof Turkishcompaniesshallhavebeentransferredinvirtueofparagraph(a)ofthisArticle,and, interritoriesdetachedfromTurkey,companiesofTurkishnationalitycontrolledbyAllied groupsornationalsandcompaniesofnationalityotherthanthatoftheStateexercising authorityintheterritoryinquestiontowhichtheproperty,rightsandinterestsofTurkish companiesshallhavebeentransferredinvirtueofparagraph(b)ofthisArticle,shallnotbe subjectedtolegislativeorotherprovisionsortotaxes,impostsorchargesmoreonerousthan thoseappliedinTurkeytosimilarcompaniespossessingTurkishnationality,andinterritory detachedfromTurkeytothosepossessingthenationalityoftheStateexercisingauthority therein. (d)Thecompaniestowhichtheproperty,rightsandinterestsofTurkishcompaniesare transferredinvirtueofparagraphs(a)and(b)ofthisArticleshallnotbesubjectedtoany specialtaxonaccountofthistransfer. SECTIONVII. GENERALPROVISION. ARTICLE317. ThetermnationalsoftheAlliedPowers,whereverusedinthisPartorinPartVIII (FinancialClauses),covers: (I)Allnationals,includingcompaniesandassociations,ofanAlliedPowerorofaStateor territoryundertheprotectorateofanAlliedPower; (2)TheprotectedpersonsoftheAlliedPowerswhosecertificateofprotectionwasgranted beforeAugust1,1914; (3)Turkishfinancial,industrialandcommercialcompaniescontrolledbyAlliedgroupsor nationals,orinwhichsuchgroupsornationalspossessedthepreponderantintereston August1,1914 (4)Religiousorcharitableinstitutionsandscholasticestablishmentsinwhichnationalsor protectedpersonsoftheAlliedPowersareinterested. TheAlliedPowerswillcommunicatetotheFinancialComission,withinoneyearfromthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,thelistofeompanies,institutionsandestablishments inwhichtheyconsiderthattheirnationalspossessapreponderantinterestorareinterested. PARTX. AERIALNAVIGATION. ARTICLE318

TheaircraftoftheAlliedPowersshallhavefulllibertyofpassageandlandingoverandin theterritoryandterritorialwatersofTurkey,andshallenjoythesameprivilegesasTurkish aircraft,particularlyincaseofdistressbylandorsea. ARTICLE319. TheaircraftoftheAlliedPowersshall,whileintransittoanyforeigncountrywhatever, enjoytherightofflyingovertheterritoryandterritorialwatersofTurkeywithoutlanding, subjectalwaystoanyregulationswhichmaybemadebyTurkeywiththeassentofthe PrincipalAlliedPowers,andwhichshallbeapplicableequallytotheaircraftofTurkeyand tothoseoftheAlliedcountries. ARTICLE320. Al.aerodromesinTurkeyopentonationalpublictrafficshallbeopenfortheaircraftofthe AlliedPowers,andinanysuchaerodromesuchaircraftshallbetreatedonafootingof equalitywithTurkishaircraftasregardschargesofeverydescription,includingchargesfor landingandaccommodation. Inadditiontotheabovementionedaerodromes,Turkeyundertakestoestablishaerodromes insuchlocalitiesasmaybedesignatedbytheAlliedPowerswithinoneyearfromthe comingintoforceofthepresentTreaty.TheprovisionsofthisArticlewillapplytosuch aerodromes. TheAlliedPowersreservetheright,intheeventoftheprovisionsofthisArticlenotbeing carriedout,totakeallnecessarymeasurestopermitofinternationalaerialnavigationover theterritoryandterritorialwatersofTurkey. ARTICLE321. Subjecttothepresentprovisions,therightsofpassage,transitandlandingprovidedforin Articles318,319and320aresubjecttotheobservanceofsuchregulationsasTurkeymay consideritnecessarytoenact,butsuchregulationsmustbeapprovedbythePrincipalAllied PowersandshallbeappliedwithoutdistinctiontoTurkishaircraftandtothoseoftheAllied countries. ARTICLE322. Certificatesofnationality,airworthinessorcompetencyandlicences,issuedorrecognisedas validbyanyoftheAlliedPowers,shallberecognisedinTurkeyasvalidandasequivalentto thecertificatesandlicencesissuedbyTurkey. ARTICLE323. AsregardsinternalcommercialairtraffictheaircraftoftheAlliedPowersshallenjoyin Turkeymostfavourednationtreatment.

ARTICLE324. ThebenefitoftheprovisionsofArticles318and319shallnot,withouttheconsentofthe AlliedPowers,beextendedbyTurkeytoStateswhichfoughtonhersideinthewarof19l4 l919solongassuchStateshavenotbecomeMembersoftheLeagueofNationsorbeen admittedtoadheretotheConventionconcludedatParisonOctober13,1919,relatingto AerialNavigation. ARTICLE325. Noconcessionorrightsinaconcessionrelatingtocivilaerialnavigationshallbegrantedby Turkey,withouttheconsentoftheAlliedPowers,tonationalsofStateswhichfoughtonher sideinthewarof19141919solongassuchStateshavenotbecomeMembersoftheLeague ofNationsorbeenadmittedtoadheretotheConventionconcludedatParisonOctober13, 1919,relatingtoAerialNavigation. ARTICLE326. TurkeyundertakestoenforcethenecessarymeasurestoensurethatallTurkishaircraft flyingoverherterritoryshallcomplywiththerulesastolightsandsignals,rulesoftheair andrulesforairtrafficonandintheneighbourhoodofaerodromes,whichhavebeenlaid downintheConventionconcludedatParisonOctober13,19l9,relatingtoAerial Navigation. ARTICLE327. TheobligationsimposedbytheprovisionsofthisPartshallremaininforceuntilTurkey shallhavebeenadmittedintotheLeagueofNationsorshallhavebeenauthorised,in accordancewiththeprovisionsoftheConventionrelatingtoAerialNavigationconcludedat ParisonOctober13,1919,toadheretothatConvention. PARTXI. PORTS,WATERWAYSANDRAILWAYS. SECTIONI. GENERALPROVISIONS. ARTICLE328. Turkeyundertakestograntfreedomoftransitthroughherterritoriesontheroutesmost convenientforinternationaltransit,eitherbyrail,navigablewaterwayorcanal,topersons, goods,vessels,carriages,wagonsandmailscomingfromorgoingtotheterritoriesofanyof theAlliedPowers,whethercontiguousornot;forthispurposethecrossingofterritorial watersshallbeallowed.Suchpersons,goods,vessels,carriages,wagonsandmailsshallnot

besubjectedtoanytransitdutyortoanyunduedelaysorrestrictions,andshallbeentitled inTurkeytonationaltreatmentasregardscharges,facilitiesandallothermatters. Goodsintransitshallbeexemptfromallcustomsorothersimilarduties. Allchargesimposedontransportintransitshallbereasonablehavingregardtothe conditionsofthetraffic.Nocharge,facilityorrestrictionshalldependdirectlyorindirectly ontheownershiporthenationalityoftheshiporothermeansoftransportonwhichanypart ofthethroughjourneyhasbeen,oristobe,accomplished. ARTICLE329. Turkeyundertakesneithertoimposenortomaintainanycontrolovertransmigrationtraffic throughherterritoriesbeyondmeasuresnecessarytoensurethatpassengersarebonfidein transit;nortoallowanyshippingcompanyoranyotherprivatebody,corporationorperson interestedinthetraffictotakeanypartwhateverin,ortoexerciseanydirectorindirect infiuenceover,anyadministrativeservicethatmaybenecessaryforthispurpose. ARTICLE330. Turkeyundertakestomakenodiscriminationorpreference,directorindirect,intheduties, chargesandprohibitionsrelatingtoimportationsintoorexportationsfromherterritories,or, subjecttoanyspecialprovisionsinthepresentTreaty,inthechargesandconditionsof transportofgoodsorpersonsenteringorleavingherterritories,basedonthefrontier crossed,oronthekind,ownershiporfiagofthemeansoftransport(includingaircraft) employed,orontheoriginalorimmediateplaceofdepartureofthevessel,wagonoraircraft orothermeansoftransportemployed,oritsultimateorintennediatedestination,oronthe routeoforplacesoftransshipmentonthejourney,oronwhetheranyportthroughwhich thegoodsareimportedorexportedisaTurkishportoraportbelongingtoanyforeign country,orenwhetherthegoodsareimportedorexportedbysea,bylandorbyair. Turkeyparticularlyundertakesnottoestablishagainsttheportsandvesselsofanyofthe AlliedPowersanysurtaxoranydirectorindirectbountyforexportorimportbyTurkish portsorvessels,orbythoseofanotherPower,forexample,bymeansofcombinedtariffs. Shefurtherundertakesthatpersonsorgoodspassingthroughaportorusingavesselofany oftheAlliedPowersshallnotbesubjectedtoanyformalityordelaywhatevertowhichsuch personsorgoodswouldnotbesubjectediftheypassedthroughaTurkishportoraportof anyotherPower,orusedaTurkishvesseloravesselofanyotherPower. ARTICLE331. Allnecessaryadministrativeandtechnicalmeasuresshallbetakentoexpedite,asmuchas possible,thetransmissionofgoodsacrosstheTurkishfrontiersandtoensuretheir forwardingandtransportfromsuchfrontiersirrespectiveofwhethersuchgoodsarecoming fromorgoingtotheterritoriesoftheAlliedPowersorareintransitfromortothose territories,underthesamematerialconditionsinsuchmattersasrapidityofcarriageand

careentrouteasareenjoyedbyothergoodsofthesarmekindcarriedonTurkishterritory undersimilarconditionsoftransport. Inparticular,thetransportofperishablegoodsshallbepromptlyandregularlycarriedout, andthecustomsformalitiesshallbeeffectedinsuchawayastoallowthegoodstobe carriedstraightthroughbytrainswhichmakeconnection. ARTICLE332. TheseaportsoftheAlliedPowersareentitledtoallfavoursandtoallreducedtariffsgranted onTurkishrailwaysornavigablewaterwaysforthebenefitofTurkishports(without prejudicetotherightsofconcessionaires)orofanyportofanotherPower. ARTICLE333 Subjecttotherightsofconcessionaires,Turkeymaynotrefusetoparticipateinthetariffsor combinationsoftariffsintendedtosecureforportsofanyoftheAlliedPowersadvantages similartothosegrantedbyTurkeytoherownportsortheportsofanyotherPower. SECTIONII. NAVIGATION. CHAPTER1. FREEDOMOFNAVIGATION. ARTICLE334. ThenationalsofanyoftheAlliedPowersaswellastheirvesselsandpropertyshallenjoyin allTurkishportsandontheinlandnavigationroutesofTurkeyatleastthesametreatmentin allrespectsasTurkishnationals,vesselsandproperty. Inparticular,thevesselsofanyoneoftheAlliedPowersshallbeentitledtotransportgoods ofanydescriptionandpassengerstoorfromanyportsorplacesinTurkishterritoryto whichTurkishvesselsmayhaveaccess,underconditionswhichshallnotbemoreonerous thanthoseappliedinthecaseofnationalvessels,theyshallbetreatedonafootingof equalitywithnationalvesselsasregardsportandharbourfacilitiesandchargesofevery description,includingfacilitiesforstationing,loadingandunloading,tonnagedutiesand charges,harbour,pilotage,lighthouse,quarantineandallanalogousdutiesandchargesof whatsoevernatureleviedinthenameoforfortheprofitoftheGovernment,public functionaries,privateindividuals,corporationsorestablishmentsofanykind. IntheeventofTurkeygrantingapreferentialregimetoanyoftheAlliedPowersortoany otherforeignPower,thisregimeshallbeextendedimmediatelyandunconditionallytoall theAlliedPowers.

Thereshallbenorestrictionsonthemovementofpersonsorvesselsotherthanthosearising fromprescriptionsconcerningcustoms,police,publichealth,emigration,andimmigration andthoserelatingtotheimportandexportofprohibitedgoods.Suchregulationsmustbe reasonableanduniformandmustnotimpedetrafficunnecessarily. CHAPTERII. PORTSOFINTERNATIONALCONCERN ARTICLE335. ThefollowingEasternportsaredeclaredportsofinternationalconcernandplacedunderthe regimedefinedinthefollowingArticlesofthissection; Constantinople,fromSt.StefanotoDolmaBagtchi; HaidarPasha; Smyrna; Alexandretta; Haifa; Basra; Trebizond(intheconditionslaiddowninArticle352); Batum(subjecttoconditionstobesubsequentlyfixed). Freezonesshallbeprovidedintheseports. SubjecttoanyprovisionstothecontraryinthepresentTreaty,theregimelaiddownforthe aboveportsshallnotprejudicetheterritorialsovereignty. (1)Navigation. ARTICLE336 IntheportsdeclaredofinternationalconcernthenationalsgoodsandflagsofallStates MembersoftheLeagueofNationsshallenjoycompletefreedomintheuseoftheport.Inthis connectionandinallrespectstheyshallbetreatedonafootingofperfectequality, particularlyasregardsallportandquayfacilitiesandcharges,includingfacilitiesfor berthing,loadinganddischarging,tonnageduesandcharges,quay,pilotage,lighthouse, quarantineandallsimilarduesandchargesofwhatsoevernature,leviedinthenameofor

fortheprofitoftheGovernment,publicfunctionaries,privateindividuals,corporationsor establishmentsofeverykind,nodistinctionbeingmadebetweenthenationals,goodsand flagsofthedifferentStatesandthoseoftheStateunderwhosesovereigntyorauthoritythe portisplaced. Thereshallbenorestrictionsonthemovementofpersonsorvesselsotherthanthosearising fromregulationsconcerningcustoms,police,publichealth,emigrationandimmigrationand thoserelatingtotheimportandexportofprohibitedgoods.Suchregulationsmustbe reasonableanduniformandmustnotimpedetrafficunnecessarily. (2)DuesandCharges. ARTICLE337. Allduesandchargesfortheuseoftheportorofitsapproaches,orfortheuseoffacilities providedintheport,shallbeleviedundertheconditionsofequalityprescribedinArticle 336,andshallbereasonablebothasregardstheiramountandtheirapplication,having regardtotheexpensesincurredbytheportauthorityintheadministration,upkeepand improvementoftheportandoftheapproachesthereto,orintheinterestsofnavigation. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle54,PartIII(PoliticalClauses)ofthepresentTreatyall duesandchargesotherthanthoseprovidedforinthepresentArticleorinArticles338,342, or343areforbidden. ARTICLE338. Allcustoms,localoctroiorconsumptiondues,dulyauthorised,leviedongoodsimportedor exportedthroughaportsubjecttotheinternationalregimeshallbethesame,whetherthe flagofthevesselwhicheffectedoristoeffectthetransportbetheflagoftheStateexercising sovereigntyorauthorityovertheportoranyotherflag.Intheabsenceofspecial circumstancesjustifyinganexceptiononaccountofeconomicneeds,suchduesmustbefixed onthesamebasisandatthesametariffsassimilardutiesleviedontheothercustoms frontiersoftheStateconcerned.AllfacilitieswhichmaybeaccordedbysuchStateoverother landorwaterroutesoratotherportsfortheimportorexportofgoodsshallbeequally grantedtoimportsandexportsthroughtheportsubjecttotheinternationalregime. 3)Works. ARTICLE339. Intheabsenceofanyspecialarrangementrelativetotheexecutionofworksformaintaining andimprovingtheport,itshallbethedutyoftheStateunderwhosesovereigntyor authoritytheportisplacedtotakesuitablemeasurestoremoveanyobstacleordangerto navigationandtosecurefacilitiesforthemovementsofshipsintheport. ARTICLE340.

TheStateunderwhosesovereigntyorauthoritytheportisplacedmustnotundertakeany worksliabletoprejudicethefacilitiesfortheuseoftheportorofitsapproaches. (4)FreeZones ARTICLE341. Thefacilitiesgrantedinafreezonefortheerectionoruseofwarehousesandforpackingand unpackinggoodsshallbeinaccordancewithtraderequirementsforthetimebeing.All goodsallowedtobeconsumedinthefreezoneshallbeexemptfromcustoms,exciseandall otherdutiesofanydescriptionwhatsoeverapartfromthestatisticaldutyprovidedforin Article342.UnlessotherwiseprovidedinthepresentTreaty,itshallbewithinthediscretion oftheStateunderwhosesovereigntyorauthoritytheportisplacedtopermitortoprohibit manufacturewithinthefreezone.Thereshallbenodiscriminationinregardtoanyofthe provisionsofthisArticleeitherbetweenpersonsbelongingtodifferentnationalitiesor betweengoodsofdifferentoriginordestination. ARTICLE342. Nodutiesorcharges,otherthanthoseprovidedforinArticle336,shallbeleviedongoods arrivinginthefreezoneordepartingtherefrom,fromwhateverforeigncountrytheycome orforwhateverforeigncountrytheyaredestined,otherthanastatisticaldutywhichshall notexceed1permilleadvalorem.Theproceedsofthisstatisticaldutyshallbedevoted exclusivelytothemaintenanceoftheservicedealingwiththestatisticsrelatingtothetraffic ofthefreezone. ARTICLE343. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle344,thedutiesreferredtoinArticle338maybelevied undertheconditionslaiddowninthatArticleongoodscomingfromorgoingtothefree zoneontheirimportationintotheterritoryoftheStateunderwhosesovereigntyorauthority theportisplacedorontheirexportationfromsuchterritoryrespectively. ARTICLE344. Persons,goods,postalservices,ships,vessels,carriages,wagonsandothermeansof transportcomingfromorgoingtothefreezone,andcrossingtheterritoryoftheStateunder whosesovereigntyorauthoritytheportisplaced,shallbedeemedtobeintransitacrossthat StateiftheyaregoingtoorcomingfromtheterritoryofanyotherStatewhatsoever. (5)Dispute ARTICLE345. SubjecttotheprovisionscontainedinArticle61,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),differenceswhich mayarisebetweeninterestedStateswithregardtotheinterpretationortotheapplicationof

thedispositionscontainedinArticles335to344,aswellas,ingeneral,anydifferences betweeninterestedStateswithregardtotheuseoftheports,shallbesettledinaccordance vviththeconditionslaiddownbytheLeagueofNations. Differenceswithregardtotheexecutionofworksliabletoprejudicethefacilitiesfortheuse oftheportorofitsapproachesshallbedealtwithbyanacceleratedprocedure,andmaybe theobjectofanexpressionofopinion,orofaprovisionaldecisionwhichmayprescribethe suspensionortheimmediatesuppressionofthesaidworks,withoutprejudicetothe ultimateopinionordecisioninthecase. CHAPTERIII. CLAUSESRELATINGTOTHEMARITSAANDTHEDANUBE ARTICLE346. OnarequestbeingmadebyoneoftheriparianStatestotheCounciloftheLeagueof Nations,theMaritsashallbedeclaredaninternationalriver,andshallbesubjecttothe regimeofinternationalriverslaiddowninArticles332to338oftheTreatyofPeace concludedwithGermanyonJune28,1919. ARTICLE347 OnarequestbeingmadetotheCounciloftheLeagueofNationsbyanyriparianState,the MaritsashallbeplacedundertheadministrationofanInternationalCommission,which shallcompriseonerepresentativeofeachriparianStateandonerepresentativeofGreat Britain,oneofFranceandoneofItaly. ARTICLE348. WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofArticle133,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),Turkeyhereby recognisesandacceptsallthedispositionsrelatingtotheDanubeinsertedintheTreatiesof PeaceconcludedwithGermany,Austria,HungaryandBulgariaandtheregimeforthatriver resultingtherefrom. CHAPTERIV. CLAUSESGIVINGTOCERTAINSTATESTHEUSEOFCERTAINPORTS. ARTICLE349 InordertoensuretoTurkeyfreeaccesstotheMediterraneanandAgeanSeas,freedomof transitisaccordedtoTurkeyovertheterritoriesandintheportsdetachedfromTurkey.

FreedomoftransitisthefreedomdefinedinArticle328,untilsuchtimeasaGeneral Conventiononthesubjectshallhavebeenconcluded,whereuponthedispositionsofthenew Conventionshallbesubstitutedtherefor. SpecialconventionsbetweentheStatesorAdministrationsconcernedwilllaydown,as regardsTurkeywiththeassentoftheFinancialCommission,theconditionsoftheexerciseof therightaccordedabove,andwillsettleinparticularthemethodofusingtheportsandthe freezonesexistinginthem,theestablishmentofinternational(joint)servicesandtariffs, includingthroughticketsandwaybills,andtheapplicationoftheConventionofBerneof October14,1890,anditssupplementaryprovisions,untilitsreplacementbyanew Convention. Freedomoftransitwillextendtopostal,telegraphicandtelephonicservices. ARTICLE350. IntheportofSmyrnaTurkeywillbeaccordedaleaseinperpetuity,subjecttodetermination bytheLeagueofNations,ofanareawhichshallbeplacedunderthegeneralregimeoffree zoneslaiddowninArticles341to344,andshallbeusedforthedirecttransitofgoods comingfromorgoingtothatState. Thedelimitationoftheareareferredtointheprecedingparagraph,itsconnectionwith existingrailways,itsequipmentandexploitation,andingeneralalltheconditionsofits utilisation,includingtheamountoftherental,shallbedecidedbyaCommissionconsisting ofonedelegateofTurkey,onedelegateofGreece,andonedelegateappointedbytheLeague ofNations.Theseconditionsshallbesusceptibleofrevisioneverytenyearsinthesame manner. ARTICLE351. FreeaccesstotheBlackSeabytheportofBatumisaccordedtoGeorgia,Azerbaijanand Persia,aswellastoArmenia.Thisrightofaccesswillbeexercisedintheconditionslaid downinArticle349. ARTICLE352. SubjecttothedecisionprovidedforinArticle89,PartIII(PoliticalClauses),freeaccesstothe BlackSeabytheportofTrebizondisaccordedtoArmenia.Thisrightofaccesswillbe exercisedintheconditionslaiddowninArticle349. InthateventArmeniawillbeaccordedaleaseinperpetuity,subjecttodeterminationbythe LeagueofNations,ofanareainthesaidportwhichshallbeplacedunderthegeneralregime offreezoneslaiddowninArticles34xto344,andshallbeusedforthedirecttransitofgoods comingfromorgoingtothatState.

Thedelimitationoftheareareferredtointheprecedingparagraph,itsconnectionwith existingrailways,itsequipmentandexploitation,andingeneralalltheconditionsofits utilisation,includingtheamountoftherental,shallbedecidedbyaCommissionconsisting ofonedelegateofArmenia,onedelegateofTurkey,andonedelegateappointedbythe LeagueofNations.Theseconditionsshallbesusceptibleofrevisioneverytenyearsinthe samemanner. SECTIONIII. RAILWAYS. CHAPTER1. CLAUSESRELATINGTOINTERNATIONALTRANSPORT ARTICLE353. Subjecttotherightsofconcessionairecompanies,goodscomingfromtheterritoriesofthe AlliedPowersandgoingtoTurkeyandviceversa,orintransitthroughTurkeyfromorto theterritoriesoftheAlliedPowers,shallenjoyontheTurkishrailwaysasregardschargesto becollected(rebatesanddrawbacksbeingtakenintoaccount),facilitiesandallothermatters, themostfavourabletreatmentappliedtogoodsofthesamekindcarriedonanyTurkish lines,eitherininternaltraffficorforexport,importorintransit,undersimilarconditionsof transport,forexampleasregardslengthofroute. Internationaltariffsestablishedinacordancewiththeratesreferredtointhepreceding paragraphandinvolvingthroughwaybillsshallbeestablishedwhenoneoftheAllied PowersshallrequireitfromTurkey. ARTICLE354 FromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyTurkeyagrees,underthereservesindicated inthesecondparagraphofthisArticle,tosubscribetotheconventionsandarrangements signedatBerneonOctober14,1890,September20,1893,July16,1895,June16,1898,and September19,1906,regardingthetransportationofgoodsbyrail. IfwithinfiveyearsfromthedateofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyanew conventionforthetransportationofpassengers,luggageandgoodsbyrailshallhavebeen concludedtoreplacetheBerneConventionofOctober14,1890,andthesubsequent additionsreferredtoabove,thisnewconventionandthesupplementaryprovisionsfor internationaltransportbyrailwhichmaybebasedonitshallbindTurkey,evenifsheshall haverefusedtotakepartinthepreparationoftheconventionortosubscribetoit.Untila newconventionshallhavebeenconcluded,Turkeyshallconformtotheprovisionsofthe BerneConventionandthesubsequentadditionsreferredtoabove,andtothecurrent supplementaryprovisions.

ARTICLE355. Subjecttotherightsofconcessionairecompanies,Turkeyshallbeboundtocooperateinthe establishmentofthroughticketservices(forpassengersandtheirluggage)whichshallbe requiredbyanyoftheAlliedPowerstoensuretheircommunicationbyrailwitheachother andwithallothercountriesbytransitacrosstheterritoriesofTurkey;inparticularTurkey shall,forthispurpose,accepttrainsandcarriagescomingfromtheterritoriesoftheAllied Powersandshallforwardthemwithaspeedatleastequaltothatofherbestlongdistance trainsonthesamelines.Theratesapplicabletosuchthroughservicesshallnotinanycasebe higherthantheratescollectedonTurkishinternalservicesforthesamedistance,underthe sameconditionsofspeedandcomfort. Thetariffsapplicableunderthesameconditionsofspeedandcomforttothetransportation ofemigrantsgoingtoorcomingfromportsoftheAlliedPowersandusingtheTurkish railwaysshallnotbeatahigherkilometricratethanthemostfavourabletariffs(drawbacks andrebatesbeingtakenintoaccount)enjoyedonthesaidrailwaysbyemigrantsgoingtoor comingfromanyotherports. ARTICLE356. Turkeyshallnotapplyspeciallytosuchthroughservices,ortothetransportationof emigrantsgoingtoorcomingfromtheportsoftheAlliedPowers,anytechnical,fiscalor administrativemeasures,suchasmeasuresofcustomsexamination,generalpolice,sanitary police,andcontrol,theresultofwhichwouldbetoimpedeordelaysuchservices. ARTICLE357 Incaseoftransportpartlybyrailandpartlybyinternalnavigation,withorwithoutthrough waybill,theprecedingArticlesshallapplytothepartofthejourneyperformedbyrail. CHAPTERII. ROLLINGSTOCK. ARTICLE358. TurkeyundertakesthatTurkishwagonsusedforinternationaltrafficshallbefittedwith apparatusallowing: (1)OftheirinelusioningoodstrainsonthelinesofsuchoftheAlliedPowersasareparties totheBerneConventionofMay15,1886,asmodifiedonMay18,1907,withouthampering theactionofthecontinuousbrakewhichmaybeadoptedinsuchcountrieswithintenyears ofthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyand (2)OftheacceptanceofwagonsofsuchcountriesinallgoodstrainsontheTurkishlines.

TherollingstockoftheAlliedPowersshallenjoyontheTurkishlinesthesametreatmentas Turkishrollingstockasregardsmovement,upkeepandrepair. CHAPTERIII. TRANSFERSOFRAILWAYLINES. ARTICLE359. Subjecttoanyspecialprovisionsconcerningthetransferofportsandrailways,whether ownedbytheTurkishGovernmentorprivatecompanies,situatedintheterritoriesdetached fromTurkeyunderthepresentTreaty,andtothefinancialconditionsrelatingtothe concessionairesandthepensioningofthepersonnel,thetransferofrailwayswilltakeplace underthefollowingconditions: (1)Theworksandinstallationsofalltherailroadsshallbeleftcompleteandinasgood conditionaspossible. (2)Whenarailwaysystempossessingitsownroilingstockissituatedinitsentiretyin transferredterritory,suchstockshallbeleftcompletewiththerailway,inaccordancewith thelastinventorybeforeOctober30,1918,andinanormalstateofupkeep,Turkeybeing responsibleforanylossesduetocauseswithinhercontrol. (3)Asregardslines,theadministrationofwhichwillinvirtueofthepresentTreatybe divided,thedistributionoftherollingstockshallbemadebyagreementbetweenthe administrationstakingovertheseveralpartsthereof.Thisagreementshallhaveregardtothe amountofthematerialregisteredonthoselinesinthelastinventorybeforeOctober30,1918, thelengthoftrack(sidingsincluded)andthenatureandamountofthetrafffic.Failing agreementthepointsindisputeshallbesettledbyanarbitratordesignatedbytheLeagueof Nationswhoshallalso,ifnecessary,specifythelocomotives,carriagesandwagonstobeleft oneachsection,theconditionsoftheiracceptance,andsuchprovisionalarrangementsashe mayjudgenecessarytoensureforalimitedperiodthecurrentmaintenanceinexisting workshopsofthetransferredstock. (4)Stocksofstores,fittingsandplantshallbeleftunderthesameconditionsastherolling stock. ARTICLE360. TheTurkishGovernmentabandonswhateverrightsitpossessesovertheHedjazrailway, andacceptssucharrangementsasshallbemadeforitsworking,andforthedistributionof thepropertybelongingtoorusedinconnectionwiththerailway,bytheGovernments concerned.Inanysucharrangementsthespecialpositionoftherailwayfromthereligious pointofviewshallbefullyrecognisedandsafeguarded.

CHAPTERIV. WORKINGAGREEMENTS. ARTICLE361. When,asaresultofthefixingofnewfrontiers,arailwayconnectionbetweentwopartsof thesamecountrycrossesanothercountry,orabranchlinefromonecountryhasitsterminus inanother,theconditionsofworking,ifnotspecificallyprovidedforinthepresentTreaty, shallbelaiddowninaconventionbetweentherailwayadministrationsconcerned.Ifthe administrationscannotcometoanagreementastothetermsofsuchconvention,thepoints ofdifferenceshallbedecidedbyanarbitratorappointedasprovidedinArticle359. TheestablishmentofallnewfrontierstationsbetweenTurkeyandthecontiguousAllied StatesornewStates,aswellastheworkingofthelinesbetweenthosestations,shallbe settledbyagreementssimilarlyconcluded. ARTICLE362 AstandingconferenceoftechnicalrepresentativesnominatedbytheGovernments concernedshallbeconstitutedwithpowerstoagreeuponthenecessaryjointarrangements forthroughtrafficworking,wagonexchange,throughratesandtariffsandothersimilar mattersaffectingrailwayssituatedonterritoryformingpartoftheTurkishEmpireon August1,1914. SECTIONIV. MISCELLANEOUS. CHAPTERI. HYDRAULICSYSTEM. ARTICLE363 Indefaultofanyprovisiontothecontrary,whenastheresultofthefixingofanewfrontier thehydraulicsystem(canalisationinundation,irrigation,drainageorsimilarmatters)ina StateisdependentonworksexecutedwithintheterritoryofanotherState,orwhenuseis madeontheterritoryofaState,invirtueofprewarusage,ofwaterorhydraulicpowerthe sourceofwhichisontheterritoryofanotherState,anagreementshallbemadebetweenthe Statesconcernedtosafeguardtheinterestsandrightsacquiredbyeachofthem. Failinganagreement,themattershallberegulatedbyanarbitratorappointedbytheCouncil oftheLeagueofNations.

CHAPTERII. TELEGRAPHSANDTELEPHONES. ARTICLE364 TurkeyundertakesontherequestofanyoftheAlliedPowerstograntfacilitiesforthe erectionandmaintenanceoftrunktelegraphandtelephonelinesacrossherterritories. Suchfacilitiesshallcomprisethegranttoanytelegraphortelephonecompanynominatedby anyoftheAlliedPowersoftheright: (a)ToerectanewlineofpolesandwiresalonganylineofrailwayorotherrouteinTurkish territory; (b)Tohaveaccessatalltimestosuchpolesandwiresorwiresplacedbyagreementon existingpoles,andtotakesuchstepsasmaybenecessarytomantanthemingoodworking order; (c)Toutilisetheservicesoftheirownstaffforthepurposeofworkingsuchwires. Allquestionsrelatingtotheestablishmentofsuchlines,especiallyasregardscompensation toprivateindividuals,shallbesettledinthesameconditionsasareappliedtotelegraphor telephonelinesestablishedbytheTurkishGovernmentitself. ARTICLE365. Notwithstandinganycontrarystipulationsinexistingtreaties,Turkeyundertakestogrant freedomoftransitfortelegraphiceorrespondenceandtelephoniccommunicationscoming fromorgoingtoanyoneoftheAlliedPowers,whethercontiguouswithherornot,over suchlinesasmaybemostsuitableforinternationaltransitandinaccordancewiththetariffs inforce.Thiscorrespondenceandthesecommunicationsshallbesubjectedtono unnecessarydelayorrestriction;theyshallenjoyinTurkeynationaltreatmentinregardto everykindoffacility,andespeciallyinregardtorapidityoftransmission.Nopayment, facilityorrestrictionshalldependdirectlyorindirectlyonthenationalityofthetransmitter ortheaddressee. Where,inconsequenceoftheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,linespreviouslyentirelyon TurkishterritorytraversetheterritoryofmorethanoneState,pendingtherevisionof telegraphratesbyanewinternationaltelegraphicconvention,thethroughchargesshallnot behigherthantheywouldhavebeenifthewholeoftheterritorytraversedhadremained underTurkishsovereignty,andtheapportionmentofthethroughchargesbetweenthe Statestraversedshallbedealtwithbyagreementbetweentheadministrationsconcerned. CHAPTERIII.

SUBMARINECABLES. ARTICLE366. TurkeyagreestotransferthelandingrightsatConstantinoplefortheConstantinople ConstanzacabletoanyadministrationorcompanywhichmaybedesignatedbytheAllied Powers. ARTICLE367. TurkeyrenouncesonherownbehalfandonbehalfofhernationalsinfavourofthePrincipal AlliedPowersallrights,titlesorprivilegesofwhatevernatureoverthewholeorpartofthe JeddahSuakinandCyprusLatakiasubmarinecables. Ifthecablesorportionsthereoftransferredundertheprecedingparagraphareprivately owned,thevalue,calculatedonthebasisoftheoriginalcostlessasuitableallowancefor depreciation,shallbecreditedtoTurkey. CHAPTERIV. EXECUTORYPROVISIONS. ARTICLE368. Turkeyshallcarryouttheinstructionsgivenher,inregardtotransport,byanauthorised bodyactingonbehalfoftheAlliedPowers: (I)ForthecarriageoftroopsundertheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,andofmaterial, ammunitionandsuppliesforarmyuse; (2)Asatemporarymeasure,forthetransportationofsuppliesforcertainregions,aswellas fortherestoration,asrapidlyaspossible,ofthenormalconditionsoftransport,andforthe organisationofpostalandtelegraphicservices. SECTIONV. DISPUTESANDREVISIONOFPERMANENTCLAUSES. ARTICLE369. UnlessotherwisespecificallyprovidedforinthepresentTreaty,disputeswhichmayarise betweeninterestedPowerswithregardtotheinterpretationandapplicationofthisPartof thepresentTreatyshallbesettledasprovidedbytheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE370.

AtanytimetheLeagueofNationsmayrecommendtherevisionofsuchoftheseArticlesas relatetoapermanentadministrativeregime. ARTICLE371. ThestipulationsofArticles328to334,353and355to357shallbesubjecttorevisionbythe CounciloftheLeagueofNationsatanytimeafterthreeyearsfromthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreaty. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle373noAlliedPowercanclaimthebenefitofanyofthe stipulationsoftheArticlesenumeratedaboveonbehalfofanyportionofitsterritoriesin whichreciprocityisnotaccordedinrespectofsuchstipulations. SECTIONVI. SPECIALPROVISIONS. ARTICLE372. WithoutprejudicetothespecialobligationsimposedonherbythepresentTreatyforthe benefitoftheAlliedPowers,TurkeyundertakestoadheretoanyGeneralConventions regardingtheinternationalregimeoftransit,waterways,portsorrailwayswhichmaybe concluded,withtheapprovaloftheLeagueofNations,withinfiveyearsofthecominginto forceofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE373. UnlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthepresentTreaty,nothinginthisPartshall prejudicemoreextensiverightsconferredonthenationalsoftheAlliedPowersbythe Capitulationsorbyanyarrangementswhichmaybesubstitutedtherefor. PARTXII. LABOUR. SeePartXIII,TreatyofVersailles,Pages238253. PARTXIII. MISCELLANEOUSPROVISIONS. ARTICLE415. Turkeyundertakestorecogniseandtoaccepttheconventionsmadeortobemadebythe AlliedPowersoranyofthemwithanyotherPowerastothetrafficinarmsandinspirituous liquors,andalsoastotheothersubjectsdealtwithintheGeneralActsofBerlinofFebruary

26,1885,andofBrusselsofJuly2,1890,andtheconventionscompletingormodifyingthe same. ARTICLE416. TheHighContractingPartiesdeclareandplaceonrecordthattheyhavetakennoteofthe TreatysignedbytheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepubliconJuly17,1918,withHisSerene HighnessthePrinceofMonaco,definingtherelationsbetweenFranceandthePrincipality. ARTICLE417. WithoutprejudicetotheprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,Turkeyundertakesnottoput forwarddirectlyorindirectlyagainstanyAlliedPoweranypecuniaryclaimbasedonevents whichoccurredatanytimebeforethecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty. Thepresentstipulationwillbarcompletelyandfinallyallclaimsofthisnature,whichwillbe thenceforwardextinguished,whoevermaybethepartiesininterest. ARTICLE418. Turkeyacceptsandrecognisesasvalidandbindingalldecreesandordersconcerning TurkishshipsandgoodsandallordersrelatingtothepaymentofcostsmadebyanyPrize CourtofanyoftheAlliedPowers,andundertakesnottoputforwardanyclaimarisingout ofsuchdecreesorordersonbehalfofanyTurkishnational. TheAlliedPowersreservetherighttoexamineinsuchmannerastheymaydetermineall decisionsandordersofTurkishPrizeCourts,whetheraffectingthepropertyrightsof nationalsofthosePowersorofneutralPowers.Turkeyagreestofurnishcopiesofallthe documentsconstituingtherecordofthecases,includingthedecisionsandordersmade,and toacceptandgiveeffecttotherecommendationsmadeaftersuchexaminationofthecases. ARTICLE419. Withaviewtominimisingthelossesarisingfromthesinkingofshipsandcargoesinthe courseofthewar,andtofacilitatingtherecoveryofshipsandcargoeswhichcanbesalved andtheadjustmentoftheprivateclaimsarisingwithregardthereto,theTurkish Governmentundertakestosupplyalltheinformationinitspowerwhichmaybeof assistancetotheGovernmentsoftheAlliedPowersortotheirnationalswithregardto vesselssunkordamagedbytheTurkishnavalforcesduringtheperiodofhostilities. ARTICLE420. WithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatytheTurkishGovernment mustrestoretotheGovernmentsoftheAlliedPowersthetrophies,archives,historical souvenirsorworksofarttakenfromthesaidPowersortheirnationals,includingcompanies andassociationsofeverydescriptioncontrolledbysuchnationals,sinceOctober29,1914.

Thedeliveryofthearticleswillbeeffectedinsuchplacesandconditionsasmaybelaid downbytheGovernmentstowhichtheyaretoberestored. ARTICLE421. TheTurkishGovernmentwill,withintwelvemonthsfromthecomingintoforceofthe presentTreaty,abrogatetheexistinglawofantiquitiesandtakethenecessarystepstoenacta newlawofantiquitieswhichwillbebasedontherulescontainedintheAnnexhereto,and mustbesubmittedtotheFinancialCommissionforapprovalbeforebeingsubmittedtothe TurkishParliament.TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestoensuretheexecutionofthislaw onabasisofperfectequalitybetweenallnations. ANNEX. 1. Antiquitymeansanyconstructionoranyproductofhumanactivityearlierthantheyear 1700. 2. Thelawfortheprotectionofantiquitiesshallproceedbyencouragementratherthanby threat. Anypersonwho,havingdiscoveredanantiquitywithoutbeingfurnishedwiththe authorisationreferredtoinparagraph5,reportsthesametoanofficialofthecompetent TurkishDepartment,shallberewardedaccordingtothevalueofthediscovery. 3. NoantiquitymaybedisposedofexcepttothecompetentTurkishDepartment,unlessthis Departmentrenouncestheacquisitionofanysuchantiquity. NoantiquitymayleavethecountrywithoutanexportlicencefromthesaidDepartment. 4. Anypersonwhomaliciouslyornegligentlydestroysordamagesanantiquityshallbeliable toapenaltytobefixed. 5. Noclearingofgroundordiggingwiththeobjectoffindingantiquitiesshallbepermitted, underpenaltyoffine,excepttopersonsauthorisedbythecompetentTurkishDepartment. 6.

Equitabletermsshallbefixedforexpropriation,temporaryorpermanent,oflandswhich mightbeofhistoricalorarchologicalinterest. 7 Authorisationtoexcavateshallonlybegrantedtopersonswhoshowsufficientguaranteesof archologicalexperience.TheTurkishGovernmentshallnot,ingrantingthese authorisations,actinsuchawayastoeliminatescholarsofanynationwithoutgood grounds. 8. Theproceedsofexcavationsmaybedividedbetweentheexcavatorandthecompetent TurkishDepartmentinaproportionfixedbythatDepartment.Ifdivisionseemsimpossible forscientificreasons,theexcavatorshallreceiveafairindemnityinlieuofapartofthefind. ARTICLE422 Allobjectsofreligious,archological,historicalorartisticinterestwhichhavebeenremoved sinceAugust1,1914,fromanyoftheterritoriesdetachedfromTurkeywillwithintwelve monthsfromthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreatyberestoredbytheTurkish GovernmenttotheGovernmentoftheterritoryfromwhichsuchobjectswereremoved. Ifanysuchobjectshavepassedintoprivateownership,theTurkishGovernmentwilltake thenecessarystepsbyexpropriationorotherwisetoenableittofulfilitsobligationsunder thisArticle. ListsoftheobjectstoberestoredunderthisArticlewillbefurnishedtotheTurkish GovernmentbytheGovernmentsconcernedwithinsixmonthsfromthecomingintoforceof thepresentTreaty. ARTICLE423. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakestopreservethebooks,documentsandmanuscripts fromtheLibraryoftheRussianArchologicalInstituteatConstantinoplewhicharenowin itspossession,andtodeliverthemtosuchauthorityastheAlliedPowers,inorderto safeguardtherightsofRussia,reservetherighttodesignate.Pendingsuchdeliverythe TurkishGovernmentmustallowallpersonsdulyauthorisedbyanyoftheAlliedPowersto havefreeaccesstothesaidbooks,documentsandmanuscripts. ARTICLE424. OnthecomingintoforceofthepresentTreaty,Turkeywillhandoverwithoutdelaytothe Governmentsconcernedarchives,registers,plans,titledeedsanddocumentsofeverykind belongingtothecivil,military,financial,judicialorotherformsofadministrationinthe

transferredterritories.Ifanyoneofthesedocuments,archives,registers,titledeedsorplans ismissing,itshallberestoredbyTurkeyuponthedemandoftheGovernmentconcerned. Incasethearchives,registers,plans,titledeedsordocumentsreferredtointhepreceding paragraph,exclusiveofthoseofamilitarycharacter,concernequallytheadministrationsin Turkey,andcannotthereforebehandedoverwithoutinconveniencetosuch administrations,Turkeyundertakes,subjecttoreciprocity,togiveaccesstheretotothe Govermllentsconcerned. TheTurkishGovernmentundertakesinparticulartorestoretotheGreekGovernmentthe locallandregistersoranyotherpublicregistersrelatingtolandedpropertyinthedistrictsof theformerTurkishEmpiretransferredtoGreecesince1912,whichtheTurkishauthorities removedormayhaveremovedatthetimeoftheevacuation. Incaseswheretherestitutionofoneormoreofsuchregistersisimpossibleowingtotheir disappearanceorforanyotherreason,andwhenevernecessaryforpurposesofverification oftitlesproducedtotheGreekauthorities,theGreekGovernmentshallbeentitledtotake anynecessarycopiesoftheentriesintheCentralLandRegistryatConstantinople. ARTICLE425. TlleTurkishGovernmentundertakes,subjecttoreciprocity,toaffordtotheGovernments exercisingauthorityoverterritorydetachedfromTurkey,orofwhichtheexistingstatusis recognisedbyTurkeyunderthepresentTreaty,accesstoanyarchivesanddocumentsof everydescriptionrelatingtotheadministrationofWakfsinsuchterritory,ortoparticular Wakfs,whereversituated,inwhichpersonsorinstitutionsestablishedinsuchterritoryare interested. ARTICLE426. AlljudicialdecisionsgiveninTurkeybyajudgeorcourtofanAlliedPowerbetween October30,1918,andthecomingintoforceofthenewjudicialsystemreferredtoinArticle 136,PartIII(PoliticalClauses)shallberecognisedbytheTurkishGovernment,which undertakesifnecessarytoensuretheexecutionofsuchdecisions. ARTICLE427. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle46,PartIII(PoliticalClauses)Turkeyherebyagreessofar asconcernsherterritoryasdelimitedinArticle27toacceptandtocooperateinthe executionofanydecisionstakenbytheAlliedPowers,inagreementwherenecessarywith otherPowers,inrelationtoanymatterspreviouslydealtwithbytheConstantinople SuperiorCouncilofHealthandtheTurkishSanitaryAdministrationwhichwasdirectedby thesaidCouncil. ARTICLE428.

AsregardstheterritoriesdetachedfromTurkeyunderthepresentTreaty,andinany territorieswhichceaseinaccordancewiththepresentTreatytobeunderthesuzeraintyof Turkey,Turkeyherebyagreestoacceptanydecisionsinconformitywiththeprinciples enunciatedbelowtakenbytheAlliedPowers,inagreementwherenecessarywithother Powers,inrelationtoanymatterspreviouslydealtwithbytheConstantinopleSuperior CouncilofHealthortheTurkishSanitaryAdministrationwhichwasdirectedbythesaid Council,orbytheAlexandriaSanitary,MaritimeandQuarantineBoard. Theprinciplesreferredtointheprecedingparagraphareasfollows: (a)EachAlliedPowerwillberesponsibleformaintainingandconductinginaccordancewith theprovisionsofinternationalsanitaryconventionsitsownquarantineestablishmentsinany territorydetachedfromTurkeywhichisplacedunderitscontrol,whethertheAlliedPower beinsovereignpossession,oractasmandatoryorprotector,orberesponsibleforthe administration,oftheterritoryinquestion; (b)SuchmeasuresforthesanitarycontroloftheHedjazpilgrimageashavehithertobeen carriedoutby,orunderthedirectionof,theConstantinopleSuperiorCouncilofHealthor theTurkishSanitaryAdministration,orbytheAlexandriaSanitary,Maritimeand QuarantineBoard,willhenceforthbeundertakenbytheAlliedPowersunderwhose sovereignty,mandate,protectionorresponsibilitywillpassthoseterritoriesinwhichthe variousquarantinestationsandsanitaryestablishmentsnecessaryfortheexecutionofsuch measuresaresituated.Themeasureswillbeinconformitywiththeprovisionsof internationalsanitaryconventions,andinordertosecurecompleteuniformityintheir executioneachAlliedPowerconcernedinthesanitarycontrolofthepilgrimagewillbe representedonacoordinatingPilgrimageQuarantineCommitteeplacedunderthe supervisionoftheCounciloftheLeagueofNations. ARTICLE429. TheHighContractingPartiesagreethat,intheabsenceofasubsequentagreementtothe contrary,theChairmanofanyCommissionestablishedbythepresentTreatyshallinthe eventofanequalityofvotesbeentitledtoasecondvote. ARTICLE430. ExceptwhereotherwiseprovidedinthepresentTreaty,inallcaseswheretheTreaty providesforthesettlementofaquestionaffectingparticularlycertainStatesbymeansofa specialConventiontobeconcludedbetweentheStatesconcerned,itisunderstoodbythe HighContractingPartiesthatdifficultiesarisinginthisconnectionshall,untilTurkeyis admittedtomembershipoftheLeagueofNations,besettledbythePrincipalAlliedPowers. ARTICLE431.

SubjecttoanyspecialprovisionsofthepresentTreaty,attheexpirationofaperiodofsix monthsfromitscomingintoforce,theTurkishlawsmusthavebeenmodifiedandshallbe maintainedbytheTurkishGovernmentinconformitywiththepresentTreaty. Withinthesameperiod,alltheadministrativeandothermeasuresrelatingtotheexecution ofthepresentTreatymusthavebeentakenbytheTurkishGovernment. ARTICLE432. TurkeywillremainboundtogiveeveryfacilityforanyinvestigationwhichtheCouncilof theLeagueofNations,actingifneedbebyamajorityvote,mayconsidernecessary,inany mattersrelatingdirectlyorindirectlytotheapplicationofthepresentTreaty. ARTICLE433. TheHighContractingPartiesagreethatRussiashallbeentitled,onbecomingaMemberof theLeagueofNations,toaccedetothepresentTreatyundersuchconditionsasmaybe agreeduponbetweenthePrincipalAlliedPowersandRussia,andwithoutprejudicetoany rightsexpresslyconferreduponherunderthepresentTreaty. ThepresentTreaty,inFrench,inEnglish,andinItalian,shallberatified.Incaseof divergencetheFrenchtextshallprevail,exceptinPartsI(CovenantoftheLeagueof Nations)andXII(Labour),wheretheFrenchandEnglishtextsshallbeofequalforce. ThedepositofratificationsshallbemadeatParisassoonaspossible. PowersofwhichtheseatoftheGovernmentisoutsideEuropewillbeentitledmerelyto informtheGovernmentoftheFrenchRepublicthroughtheirdiplomaticrepresentativeat Paristhattheirratificationhasbeengiven;inthatcasetheymusttransmittheinstrumentof ratificationassoonaspossible. AfirstprocsverbalofthedepositofratificationswillbedrawnupassoonastheTreatyhas beenratifiedbyTurkeyontheonehand,andbythreeofthePrincipalAlliedPowersonthe otherhand. FromthedateofthisfirstprocsverbaltheTreatywillcomeintoforcebetweentheHigh ContractingPartieswhohaveratifiedit. ForthedeterminationofallperiodsoftimeprovidedforinthepresentTreatythisdatewill bethedateofthecomingintoforceoftheTreaty. InallotherrespectstheTreatywillenterintoforceforeachPoweratthedateofthedeposit ofitsratification. TheFrenchGovernmentwilltransmittoallthesignatoryPowersacertifiedcopyofthe procsverbauxofthedepositofratifications.

INFAITHWHEREOFtheabovenamedPlenipotentiarieshavesignedthepresentTreaty. DoneatSevrs,thetenthdayofAugustonethousandninehundredandtwenty,inasingle copywhichwillremaindepositedinthearchivesoftheFrenchRepublic,andofwhich authenticatedcopieswillbetransmittedtoeachoftheSignatoryPowers. (L.S.)GEORGEGRAHAME. (L.S.)GEORGEH.PERLEY. (L.S.)ANDREWFISHER. (L.S.)GEORGEGRAHAME. (L.S.)R.A.BLANKENBERG. (L.S.)ARTHURHIRTZEL. (L.S.)A.MILLERAND. (L.S.)F.FRANOISMARSAL. (L.S.)JULESCAMBON.(L.S.)PALOLOGUE. (L.S.)BONIN. (L.S.)MARIETTI. (L.S.)K:.MATSUI. (L.S.)A.AHARONIAN. (L.S.)J.VANDENHEUVEL. (L.S.)ROLINJAEQUEMYNS, (L.S.)E.K.VENIZELOS. (L.S.)A.ROMANOS. (L.S.)MAURICEZAMOYSKI. (L.S.)ERASMEPILTZ (L.S.)AFFONSOCOSTA. (L.S.)D.J.GUIKA. (L.S.)STEFANOSUSKY. (L.S.)HADI. (I..S.)DR.RIZATEWFIK. (L.S.)RCHADHALISS.