1246

NUMERICAL CONTROL
Table 2. G-Code Addresses

Code G00 G01 G02

Description ab* Rapid traverse, point to point (M,L) abc Linear interpolation (M,L)
abc

Code G34 G35 G36-G39 G36

ab* abc ab c

Description Thread cutting, increasing lead (L) Thread cutting, decreasing lead (L) Permanently unassigned Used for automatic acceleration and deceleration when the blocks are short (M,L) Used for tool gaging (M,L)

Circular interpolation clockwise movement (M,L) Circular interpolationcounterclockwise movement (M,L) Dwella programmed time delay (M,L) Unassigned Parabolic interpolation (M,L) Used for programming with cylindrical diameter values (L) Programmed acceleration (M,L). d Also for lathe programming with cylindrical diameter values Programmed deceleration (M,L). d Used to stop the axis movement at a precise location (M,L) Unassigned. used for machine lock and unlock devices Axis selection (M,L) Unassigned Used for computing lines and circle intersections (M,L) Used for scaling (M,L) Polar coordinate programming (M) Cylindrical interpolationC axis (L) End face millingC axis (L) X-Y, X-Z, Y-Z plane selection, respectively (M,L) Unassigned Unassigned Defines safety zones in which the machine axis may not enter (M,L) Defines safety zones in which the cutting tool may not exit (M,L) Single-pass rough-facing cycle (L) Used for automatically moving to and returning from home position (M,L) Return to an alternate home position (M,L) External skip function, moves an axis on a linear path until an external signal aborts the move (M,L) Thread cutting, constant lead (L)
dSometimes

G03 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08

abc

ab ab abc c ab

G37, G37.1, G37.2, G37.3 G37.4 G38 G38.1

Used for probing to measure the diameter and center of a hole (M) Used with a probe to measure the parallelness of a part with respect to an axis (M) Generates a nonprogrammed block to improve cycle time and corner cutting quality when used with cutter compensation (M) Tool tip radius compensation used with linear generated block (L) Tool tip radius compensation used used with circular generated block (L)
abc abc abc abc abc ab a bb c c b

G39, G39.1

G09

ab

G39 G39.1

G10G12

ab

G13G16 G13G16 G13 G14, G14.1 G15G16 G15, G16.1 G16.2 G17G19 G20 G22G32 G22G23 G22.1, G233.1 G24 G27G29

ac b

G40 G41 G42 G43 G44 G45G49 G50G59 G50 G50.1 G51.1 G52 G52 G53 G53 G54G59 G54G59.3 G60G62

Cancel cutter compensation/ offset (M) Cutter compensation, left (M) Cutter compensation, right (M) Cutter offset, inside corner (M,L) Cutter offset, outside corner (M,L) Unassigned Reserved for adaptive control (M,L) Unassigned Cancel mirror image (M,L) Program mirror image (M,L) Unassigned Used to offset the axes with respect to the coordinate zero point (see G92) (M,L) Datum shift cancel Call for motion in the machine coordinate system (M,L) Datum shifts (M,L) Allows for presetting of work coordinate systems (M,L) Unassigned

c c c c abc

ab c

bc c bc c abc

G30 G31, G31.1, G31.2, G31.3, G31.4 G33

abc

NUMERICAL CONTROL
Table 2. (Continued) G-Code Addresses
Code G61
c

1247

G62 G63 G63 G64G69 G64 G65 G66

a bc abc c c c

Description Modal equivalent of G09 except that rapid moves are not taken to a complete stop before the next motion block is executed (M,L) Automatic corner override, reduces the feed rate on an inside corner cut (M,L) Unassigned Tapping mode (M,L) Unassigned Cutting mode, usually set by the system installer (M,L) Calls for a parametric macro (M,L) Calls for a parametric macro. Applies to motion blocks only (M,L)

Code G80 G81 G82 G83 G84 G84.1 G85 G86 G87 G88
abc

Description Cancel fixed cycles Drill cycle, no dwell and rapid out (M,L) Drill cycle, dwell and rapid out (M,L) Deep hole peck drilling cycle (M,L) Right-hand tapping cycle (M,L) Left-hand tapping cycle (M,L) Boring cycle, no dwell, feed out (M,L) Boring cycle, spindle stop, rapid out (M,L) Boring cycle, manual retraction (M,L) Boring cycle, spindle stop, manual retraction (M,L) Pocket milling (rectangular and circular), roughing cycle (M) Pocket milling (rectangular and circular), finish cycle (M) Post milling, roughs out material around a specified area (M) Post milling, finish cuts material around a post (M) Hemisphere milling, roughing cycle (M) Hemisphere milling, finishing cycle (M)

abc

abc

abc abc c abc abc abc

abc

G66.1 G67 G68 G69 G70 G71 G72 G72 G72

c c

Same as G66 but applies to all blocks (M,L) Stop the modal parametric macro (see G65, G66, G66.1) (M,L) Rotates the coordinate system (i.e., the axes) (M) Cancel axes rotation (M) Inch programming (M,L) Metric programming (M,L) Circular interpolation CW (three-dimensional) (M) Unassigned Used to perform the finish cut on a turned part along the Z-axis after the roughing cuts initiated under G73, G74, or G75 codes (L) Unassigned Deep hole peck drilling cycle (M); OD and ID roughing cycle, running parallel to the Z-axis (L) Cancel multiquadrant circular interpolation (M,L) Move to home position (M,L) Left-hand tapping cycle (M) Rough facing cycle (L)

G88.1 G88.2 G88.3 G88.4 G88.5 G88.6

c abc abc ac b c

G89 G89.1

abc

Boring cycle, dwell and feed out (M,L) Irregular pocket milling, roughing cycle (M)

G73 G73

b c

G89.2

Irregular pocket milling, finishing cycle (M)

abc abc abc

G74 G74 G74 G74 G75 G75 G75 G76G79

ac bc c

G90 G91 G92 G93 G94 G95

Absolute dimension input (M,L) Incremental dimension input (M,L) Preload registers, used to shift the coordinate axes relative to the current tool position (M,L) Inverse time feed rate (velocity/distance) (M,L) Feed rate in inches or millimeters per minute (ipm or mpm) (M,L) Feed rate given directly in inches or millimeters per revolution (ipr or mpr) (M,L) Maintains a constant surface speed, feet (meters) per minute (L) Spindle speed programmed in rpm (M,L)

abc c abc

ac b

ab

Multiquadrant circular interpolation (M,L) Unassigned Roughing routine for castings or forgings (L) Unassigned

G96 G97

abc

abc

1248

NUMERICAL CONTROL
Table 2. (Continued) G-Code Addresses

Code

Description

Code G9899

Description
ab

Unassigned

a Adheres to ANSI/EIA RS-274-D; b Adheres to ISO 6983/1,2,3 Standards; where both symbols appear together, the ANSI/EIA and ISO standard codes are comparable; c This code is modal. All codes that are not identified as modal are nonmodal, when used according to the corresponding definition. d Indicates a use of the code that does not conform with the Standard. Symbols following a description: (M) indicates that the code applies to a mill or machining center; (L) indicates that the code applies to turning machines; (M,L) indicates that the code applies to both milling and turning machines. Codes that appear more than once in the table are codes that are in common use, but are not defined by the Standard or are used in a manner that is different than that designated by the Standard (e.g., see G61).

Most systems that support the RS-274-D Standard codes do not use all the codes available in the Standard. Unassigned G-words in the Standard are often used by builders of machine tool control systems for a variety of special purposes, sometimes leading to confusion as to the meanings of unassigned codes. Even more confusing, some builders of systems and machine tools use the less popular standardized codes for other than the meaning listed in the Standard. For these reasons, machine code written specifically for one machine/controller will not necessarily work correctly on another machine controller without modification. Dimension words contain numerical data that indicate either a distance or a position. The dimension units are selected by using G70 (inch programming) or G71 (metric programming) code. G71 is canceled by a G70 command, by miscellaneous functions M02 (end of program), or by M30 (end of data). The dimension words immediately follow the G-word in a block and on multiaxis machines should be placed in the following order: X, Y, Z, U, V, W, P, Q, R, A, B, C, D, and E. Absolute programming (G90) is a method of defining the coordinate locations of points to which the cutter (or workpiece) is to move based on the fixed machine zero point. In Fig. 1, the X Y coordinates of P1 are X = 1.0, Y = 0.5 and the coordinates of P2 are X = 2.0, Y = 1.1. To indicate the movement of the cutter from one point to another when using the absolute coordinate system, only the coordinates of the destination point P2 are needed. Incremental programming (G91) is a method of identifying the coordinates of a particular location in terms of the distance of the new location from the current location. In the example shown in Fig. 2, a move from P1 to P2 is written as X + 1.0, Y + 0.6. If there is no movement along the Z-axis, Z is zero and normally is not noted. An X Y incremental move from P2 to P3 in Fig. 2 is written as X + 1.0, Y 0.7.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.