Quantitative Study Study Citation: Research problem: The statement of problem of a research need to generally identify what and

who to study (Russell, 2005). In this study the research problem is cantered on whether female guardians that reduced or resigned part of their cherished activities because of husband suffering from stroke had more problems and declined health compared with guardians that continued with their cherished activities (Kniepmann, 2012). Purpose of the research: The purpose of the research is to look into the change in activities of female with working age husband suffering from mild to moderate stroke (Kniepmann, 2012). According to Kniepmann (2012) a worldwide long term leading disability illness that causes traumatic impact on the survivors and families is stroke. Research question(s) and/or hypotheses: According to Shuttleworth (2007) the hypotheses statement is necessary in every experimental design as it forms the core structure and aim of the research. This research was hypothesised that female guardians who resign or reduce activities that they valued will experience more problem and health issues than guardian that maintained valued activities (Kniepmann, 2012). Secondly, it was hypothesised that female guardians who resign or reduce cherished activities will suffer more stress than guardian who maintain involvement in cherished activites (Kniepmann, 2012).

Data collection technique and instrumentation: Russell (2005) stated that the types of instruments employed in the gathering of data need to be clearly and thoroughly described, and may involve interviews, questionnaires, scales, observation, and/or bio-physiological measures. The collection of data for this research was done using demographic questionnaires; information on the perception of each guardians husband health status was collected (Kniepmann, 2012). The researcher also used self-report via the demographic questionnaires to compare variables. Data was also collected through face to face interactions (Kniepmann, 2012). Data analysis approach: Data analysis for this research was done using the statistical package for social sciences version nineteen (Kniepmann, 2012). A univarate analysis was used to describe the sample characteristics and identification (Kniepmann, 2012). In addition nonparametric statistical method was applied because of the small sample size, type and nature of scale, and distribution of data (Kniepmann, 2012). A bivariate analysis method was used to find the relationship between selected variables by interpolation using spearman correlation coefficients (Kniepmann, 2012). According to Russell (2005) if the research is correlational, the researcher should use a correlation coefficient such as a person or spearman. A correlation coefficient helps to identify the strength and relationship between variables (Russell, 2005). Evaluate logical flow and coherence across the multiple elements of the study: Russell (2005) stated that the process needs to be written very comprehensibly and flow logically taking all the steps into consideration. According to Kniepmann ( 2012) the demographic questionnaire was used to collect background information like age, race

ethnicity, family composition, level of education, impact on guardian employment and role of family and friends. Steps to ensure reliability and validity of research, analysis, and results: Russell (2005) stated that the researcher needs to present the results such that the proposed research question is answered to facilitate reliability. The result of the study show that female guardian who resigned or reduce their valued activities experience loss of occupation and this is associated with increase problem and declined mental health (Kniepmann, 2012).

Qualitative Study Study Citation: Weir et al., Physical activity in pregnancy: a qualitative study of the beliefs of overweight and obese pregnant women BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2010, 10:18 Research problem Qualitative research is often use for the study that pertains to social process or the study that looks into reason behind human behavior (Stenius, Makela, Miovsky, & Gabrhelik, 2013). The research problem in this article looks at why a large proportion of United Kingdom women are obese or overweight at the start of pregnancy. This may lead to adverse consequence for the health of the mother and child in the immediate and longer term. As a result pregnancy is becoming a concern for interventions that aims to address the obesity pandemic (Weir, Bush, Robson, McParlin, Rankin, & Bell 2010).

Purpose of the research

In qualitative research the researcher must observe and record behaviours, motivations, needs, opinions, concern points, and necessary information with full comprehension of data

that will be meaningful for the research (Madrigal & McClain, 2012). The purpose of the research is this article is to (i) investigate the opinions of overweight and obese pregnant women; and (ii) report intervention that will advance the adoption of physical activity during pregnancy (Weir, Bush, & Robson, 2010).

Research question

Qualitative research generates its premises on inductive reasoning by observing elements that reflects questions that the researcher seeks explanations (Williams, 2007). The research question in this article is cantered on why overweight and obese pregnant women living in United Kingdom refrain from physical activity in the context of day to day lives during pregnancy (Weir et al., 2012). Topic guide was created to elicit and prompt participant views and experiences by using the following questions (i) What is healthy life style and how does it relate to pregnancy (ii) What are the benefits, challenges, and influences of physical activities in pregnancy (iii) What intervention and improvement can be created for healthy life in pregnancy

Data collection technique and instrumentation:

Before the commencement of data collection for the research in this article the researchers got an ethical approval from the city and written consent from the participants. (Weir et al., 2007). To enable detail exploration of the womens opinions and experiences, a semistructured in depth interviews technique was applied in line with the topic guide (Weir et al., 2007). Interviews were carried out at the participant home and audio recorded with participant permission for a period of forty to forty five minutes (Weir et al., 2012)

Data analysis approach:

Data analysis was carried out using a framework approach to manage and analyse data (Weir et al., 2012). The interview report was indexed and categorized on the bases of reoccurring themes (Weir et al., 2012). Exploratory accounts and initial typologies were developed by synthesizing and examining the data (Weir et al., 2012).

Evaluate logical flow and coherence across the multiple elements of the study:

The research reveals that some women believe that physical activities are unsafe during pregnancy and some stated significant challenges to participation including lack of time, lack of training facilities, and physical barriers (Weir et al., 2007)

Steps to ensure reliability and validity of research, analysis, and results:

Three checks on validity was adopted for the research design and analysis stages of the study (i) Similar range of topics were discussed among each participant by using a topic guide (ii) To ensure reliability of the studys coding framework, five of the interviews coding framework was read by two participant and was agreed upon (iii) The topic guide help to ensure uniformity of topic of discussion among participant (Weir et al., 2012). The findings were reported according to the analysis typologies (i) attitudes and behavioural beliefs (ii) influence and control beliefs (iii) normative beliefs (Weir et al., 2012). Verbatim response from the participant was categorized by age, weight, and obese (Weir et al., 2012). Twelve participant were involve in the study, according to Madrigal & McClain (2012) qualitative research is very time consuming and expensive to collect large pool of data.

References Kniepmann, K. (2012, May). Female family carers for survivors of stroke. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 5(75), . doi:4276/030802212X13361458480207 Russell, C. (2005, January). Evaluating Quantitative Research Reports. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 32(1), . Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfvie wer?sid=5de13f4c-6657-428c-80e2-d4cee9449db0%40sessionmgr113&vid=2&hid=120 Shuttleworth, M. (2007, March). Research Hypotheses. Explorable, (), . Retrieved from http://explorable.com/research-hypotheses (Weir,Z., Bush,J., Robson, S., McParlin, C., Rankin, J., & Bell R (2010, October). Physical activity in pregnancy: a qualitative. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, (),. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2393-10-18.pdf Stenius, K., Makela, K., Miovsky, M., & Gabrhelik, R., (2013). How to Write Publishable Qualitative Research. , (), . Retrieved from http://www.parint.org/isajewebsite/bookimages/isaje_2nd_edition_chapter6.p df Madrigal, D., & McClain, B. (2012, September). Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative and Qualitative Research. UXmatters, (), . Retrieved from http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2012/09/strengths-and-weaknessesof-quantitative-and-qualitative-research.php Williams, C. (2007, March). Research Methods. Journal of Business & Economic Research, 5(3),. Retrieved from http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/JBER/article/viewFile/2532/2578