WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ON HEALTH, RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION

WHAT IS HEALTH
AS PER World Health Organization (WHO)
HEALTH IS A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELLBEING AND NOT MERELY AN ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY. And ability to lead a Socially & Economically productive life

is NOT merely an issue of doctors, social services and hospitals. It is an issue of social justice

Health

New Philosophy of Health

Health is
a fundamental human right the essence of productive life, & not the result of ever increasing expenditure on medical care Intersectoral an integral part of development central to the concept of quality of life health involves individuals, state & international responsibility health and its maintenance is a major social investment health is world wide social goal

WATER

Availability of Water
In the World 3 part is water, 1 part is soil

97% Salt Water 2% Ice ( North and South Pole) 1% for humans, fauna, flora and others

Access to Safe Water is a

Fundamental Human Need and Therefore a Basic Human Right

But still many parts in the country have acute water problem

WATER THE GLORIOUS

STILL WE ARE WATER STRESSED AND MOST DEATHS OCCUR BECAUSE OF CONTAMINATED WATER

Status of Water Borne Diseases in Karnataka

Descri ption
G.E
Cholera Typhoid

2000 31132
354

2001
23893 342

2002
25218 384 42936 4579 27
73144

2003
25949 179 35393 4192 164
65877

2004
26649 246 19262 3633 149
49939

2005
28919 229 21694 3877 224
54943

2006
21710 83 23376 3724 261
49154

2007
34266 116 26044 3005 172
63603

2008
44670 259 27465 3281 202
75877

2009
62610 160 33391 3794 325
100280

27210 33346 3077 3

61776

Viral

5438 68
63087

Hepatitis

Leptosp irisis
Total

Source: Department of Health & Family Welfare Services, Bangalore

Drinking Water should be

Colorless Odourless Clear/No turbidity Tastes good No Bacteria Chemical constituents within permissible limits No pesticides

Drinking Water Standards BIS-10500 (2004)

Parameter
pH TDS Total Alkalinity Total Hardness Nitrate Chlorides Fluoride Iron Sulphate Calcium Magnesium E-Coli Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Number/ 100 ml

Unit

Desirable limits
6.5 to 8.5 500 200 300 25 250 1 0.3 200 75 30 0

Permissible limits
6.5 to 8.5 2000 600 600 45 1000 1.5 1 400 200 100 No relaxation

pH
Desirable Limit:6.5-8.5; Permissible limit: No Relaxation Cause Dissolved minerals of medium, the water passes through Effect Acidic: pH less than 7: Corrosion, Excessive iron content makes reddishness in plumbing fixtures and clothes, affects mucous membrane Basic: pH Greater than 7: Scaling in plumbing fixtures and deposits, bitter taste, affects aquatic life Treatment Increase pH by soda ash Decrease pH by white vinegar/ citric acid

TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)

Desirable Limit: 500 mg/l; Permissible limit: 2000 mg/l Cause Livestock waste, septic system, Landfills, nature of soil, Dissolved minerals Hazardous waste landfills Effect Hardness, scaly deposits, sediment, cloudy colored water, staining, corrosion of pipes and fittings Gastro intestinal irritations and salty or bitter taste Treatment Reverse Osmosis, Distillation, deionization by ion exchange

Total Alkalinity
Desirable Limit: 200 mg/l; Permissible limit: 600 mg/l Cause Pipes, landfills, Hazardous waste landfills Effect Causes deterioration of plumbing and increases the chance for many heavy metals in water Boiled rice turns yellowish Treatment Neutralizing Agent

Total hardness
Desirable Limit: 300 mg/l; Permissible limit: 600 mg/l Cause Dissolved calcium and magnesium from soil Aquifer minerals containing limestone or dolomite Effect Scale in utensils and hot water system, soap scum Skin irritation; boiled meat and food become poor in quality Treatment Water Softener, Ion Exchanger, Reverse Osmosis

Nitrate
Desirable Limit:45 mg/l; Permissible limit: 100 mg/l Cause Livestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons, fertilizers Domestic waste water, Natural Deposits Effect Carcinogenic, algae growth in water bodies, Blue Baby Syndrome Treatment Ion Exchange, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis

Chlorides
Desirable Limit:250 mg/l; Permissible limit: 1000 mg/l Cause Fertilizers, Industrial wastes, minerals, seawater Effect Bad taste, High blood pressure, salty taste, corroded pipes fixtures and appliances, blackening and pitting of stainless steel Treatment Reverse Osmosis , Distillation, Activated Carbon

Fluoride
Desirable Limit:1.0 mg/l; Permissible limit: 1.5 mg/l Cause Dissolved fluorides in soil the water passes through in groundwater Effect Brownish discoloration of teeth and bone damage (Dental or skeletal fluorosis) Treatment Activated Alumina, Distillation, Reverse Osmosis, Ion exchange

Iron
Desirable Limit: 0.3 mg/l; Permissible limit: 1.0 mg/l Cause Leaching of cast iron pipes in water distribution systems Iron content in path medium dissolved in water Effect Turbidity in water, Brackish color, rusty sediment Bitter or metallic taste, brown-green stains, iron bacteria causing slime, discolored foods Treatment Oxidizing Filter , Green-sand Mechanical Filter

Sulphate
Desirable Limit: 200 mg/l; Permissible limit: 400 mg/l Cause Animal sewage, septic system, sewage By-product of coal mining, industrial waste Natural deposits or salt Effect Bitter, medicinal taste, scaly deposits, corrosion Rotten-egg" odor from hydrogen sulfide gas formation Laxative effect; gastro intestinal irritation Treatment Ion Exchange , Distillation , Reverse Osmosis

Calcium
Desirable Limit: 75 mg/l; Permissible limit: 200 mg/l Cause Water in contact with limestone, reaction with carbon dioxide Effect Chief source of scale in equipment, boilers, pipe lines, etc. Forms curds with soap, interferes with dyeing, etc Deterioration of the quality of clothes Treatment softening; demineralization; internal boiler water treatment; surface active agents

Magnesium
Desirable Limit: 30 mg/l; Permissible limit: 100 mg/l Cause Deposits in rock and soil Industrial pollution Effect Poor lathering and deterioration of clothes; With sulfate laxative effect Treatment Ion Exchange , Oxidizing Filter, distillation

E-Coli
Desirable Limit: nil/100 ml; Permissible limit: nil/100 ml Cause Livestock facilities, septic systems, manure lagoons, domestic waste water, open defecation and poor sanitary condition around sources Effect Gastrointestinal illness, diarrhea, cholera Treatment Chlorination, Ultraviolet, Distillation

Water quality risks

SANITATION

What is Sanitation? Sanitation is a way of life

Lest us understand the present situation

Sanitation Issues

Open defecation

Water-Borne Diseases
1. Caused by the presence of an infective agent a b c d e a 3. a. 4. a. 5. Viral Bacterial Protozoal Infective hepatitis , poliomyelitis, rotavirus diarrhea in infants Typhoid & paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery, cholera Amoebiasis, giardiasis

Helminthic Round worm, thread worm Leptosiral Cyclops Weils disease Guinea worm

2. Due to the presence of an aquatic host

Water washed Diseases skin, conjunctivitis Water related Diseases (vector-borne) Malaria, Filaria, Dengue Water related diseases - Fluorosis

Sanitation Issues
Lack of proper sanitation is a major concern. As per UNICEF data, only 31% of Indias population is using improved sanitation facilities as of 2008. It is estimated that one in every ten deaths in India is linked to poor sanitation and hygiene.

Sanitation Issues

Good onsite disposal latrine is used for some other purposes

Sanitation Issues
Diarrhoea is the single largest killer and accounts for one in every twenty deaths. Around 450,000 deaths were linked to diarrhoea alone in 2006, of which 88% were deaths of children below five

Poor hygiene, lack of access to sanitation and unsafe drinking water together contribute to about 88% of diarrhoea deaths

Malaria 8% Measles 4% Diarrhoea 17% HIV/AIDS 3%

Pneumonia 19% Injuries, 3%

>50% Attributable to Undernutrition

Other, 10%

Neonatal 37%

Causes of Mortality among under-five Children

Importance of Sanitation
Sanitation is one of the basic determinants of quality of life and human development index. Good sanitary practices prevent contamination of water and soil and thereby prevent diseases. The concept of sanitation personal hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal.

VISION OF NEHRU
THE DAY EVERY ONE OF US GETS A TOILET TO USE, I SHALL KNOW THAT INDIA HAS REACHED THE PINNACLE OF PROGRESS

FACTS & FIGURES: INDIA CONTEXT

55% of the population still defecates in open that annually generates more than 36 million metric tones of human excreta which lies in open (UNICEF Estimates 2008) 11 million to 14.6 million metric tones solid waste generated annually in rural areas alone; major threat to environment cleanliness (Technical Note , UNICEF & RGNDWM, 2007)

FACTS & FIGURES: INDIA CONTEXT Contd.. Sanitation promotion and waste management can generate revenue and employment opportunities for millions particularly in toilet construction, waste recycling, methane farming for energy use, vermin-composting, etc. Sanitation projects, can also earn carbon credits for reducing green house gases.

FACTS & FIGURES: INDIA CONTEXT

Poor sanitation and related disease burden result in:

An annual loss of 180 million man-days Economic loss of Rs. 1200 crores
(Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 1998-99)

INTERVENTIONS

NIRMAL BHARATH ABHIYAN

Main Objectives
a)Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. b)Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to access to toilets to all by 2012. c)Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education.

Main Objectives of TSC

Contd

..

d) In rural areas, cover schools and Anganwadis by March 2012, with sanitation facilities and promote hygiene education and sanitary habits among students. e) Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation. f) Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management.

Main Objectives

Contd..

Eradicate Open Defecation by 2017

Household Latrines

Cost Effective Twin Pit Latrines

Micro Credit Intervention

Establishing Production Centre

Micro Credit Intervention

Establishing Production Centre

MICRO CREDIT INTERVENTION

Establishing Rural Sanitary Mart

SANITATION HELPS THE ENVIRONMENT Key Points: Loss of biodiversity Water pollution Air pollution Environmental degradation and non-sustainability

SANITATION IS ACHIEVABLE Key Points: Modest costs, huge benefits Many actors Media counts Get the message out Act now

NOW IS THE TIME TO ACT Households, communities, students communities, local government, civil society, and private companies all need to work together. Media and public opinion around the country / state can influence political leaders to act now.

Thank you Wish You All The Best

S. Shashiranjan Das Chief Executive Officer Srushti Foundation