http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.

com/Service+of+Process Service of Process Process is the general term for the legal document by which a lawsuit is started and the court asserts its jurisdiction over the parties and the controversy. In modern U.S. law, process is usually a summons. A summons is a paper that tells a defendant that he is being sued in a specific court that the plaintiff believes has jurisdiction. Served with the summons is a complaint that contains the plaintiff's allegations of wrongdoing by the defendant and the legal remedy sought by the plaintiff. he summons also informs the defendant that he has a specified number of days under law to respond to the summons and complaint. If the defendant does not respond, the plaintiff may see! a default judgment from the court, granting the plaintiff the legal relief specified in the complaint.

Rules of Civil Procedure and Criminal Procedure determine the proper form of legal process and how it should be served. The rules vary among federal and state courts, but they are meant to give the defendant notice of the proceedings and to command him to either respond to the allegations or to appear at a specified time and answer the claim or criminal charge. The concept of notice is critical to the integrity of legal proceedings.
DUE PR CE!!

forbids legal action

against a person unless the person has been given notice and an opportunity to be heard. Process must be properly served on all parties in an action. "nyone who is not served is not bound by the decision in the case. " person who believes that proper service has not ta#en place may generally challenge the service without actually ma#ing a formal appearance in the case. $hether service was proper is usually determined at a pretrial hearing. " defendant must re%uest a special appearance before the court. " special appearance is made for the limited purpose of challenging the sufficiency of the service of process or the Personal &urisdiction of the court. 'o other issues may be raised without the proceeding becoming a general appearance. The court must then determine whether it has (urisdiction over the defendant.

Methods of Service hree basic methods are used for service of process" #$% actual, or personal, service, #&% substituted service, and #'% service by publication. Although each method is legally acceptable, Personal Service is preferred because it is the most effective way of providing notice and it is difficult for the defendant to attac! its legality.Personal service means in(hand delivery of the papers to the proper person. raditionally personal service was the only method of service allowed by law because it was best suited to give the defendant notice of the proceedings. Substituted service is any method used instead of personal service. )orms of substituted service vary among different jurisdictions, but all are intended to offer a good chance that the defendant actually will find out about the proceedings. If a defendant is not at home, many states permit service by leaving the summons and complaint with any person at the defendant's home who is old enough to understand the responsibility of accepting service. Some states permit service by affi*ing the summons and complaint to the entrance of the defendant's home or place of business and then mailing a copy of the papers to that individual at his last !nown address. his method is often called +nail and mail+ service. A number of states allow service simply by mailing the papers to the defendant's actual address, registered mail is generally re-uired. States also consider service valid if the defendant's property is attached, or legally sei.ed, within the state and the papers are then mailed to him. Under the laws of some states, substituted service may be used only after diligent efforts to effect personal service have failed. Some forms of substituted service may have to be tried before others can be used. /ther states permit substituted service at any time or after a single attempt to find the defendant and serve the papers personally. A third method of service is publication of a notice in a newspaper. Publication is also called constructive service because the court construes it to be effective whether the defendant actually reads the notice or not. 0enerally, service by publication is allowed

only by leave of the court, which usually grants permission only when the plaintiff can show that no other method of service can be effected. Usually the legal notice must be published in at least one newspaper of general circulation where the defendant is li!ely to be found or where the court is located, or in both places. /rdinarily the notice must be published on more than one occasion, such as once a wee! for three wee!s. In truth, courts reali.e that defendants rarely read notices published in newspapers, but the effort must be made when the defendant cannot be found and served in any other way. Plaintiffs prefer not to use publication because it is e*pensive and a court might later find that the defendant could have been served personally. service of process he delivery of copies of legal documents such as summons, complaint, subpena, order to show cause #order to appear and argue against a proposed order%, writs, notice to -uit the premises, and certain other documents, usually by personal delivery to the defendant or other person to whom the documents are directed. So(called +Substituted Service+ can be accomplished by leaving the documents with an adult resident of a home, with an employee with management duties at a business office, or with a designated +agent for acceptance of service+ #often with name and address filed with the state's Secretary of State%, or, in some cases, by posting in a prominent place followed by mailing copies by certified mail to the opposing party. In certain cases of absent or un!nown defendants, the court will allow service by publication in a newspaper. /nce all parties have filed a complaint, answer, or any pleading in a lawsuit, further documents usually can be served by mail or even )A1.

http://its.ucsc.edu/itsm/servicedef.html Service Definition Process IN !"D#$ I"N Service definition is !ey to service management. Service definition enables both the customer and the service provider to !now what to e*pect and not e*pect from a service. 2learly defined services enable customers to understand service offerings, including what each service does and does not include, eligibility, service limitations, cost, how to re-uest services, and how to get help. A well(defined service also identifies internal processes necessary to provide and support the service. http"33en.wi!ipedia.org3wi!i3Service4of4process Service of process is the procedure by which a party to a lawsuit gives an appropriate notice of initial legal action to another party #such as a defendant%, court, or administrative body in an effort to e*ercise jurisdiction over that person so as to enable that person to respond to the proceeding before the court, body, or other tribunal. http://%%%.&usinessdictionary.com/definition/container-service-charge.html $ontainer Service $harge A fee charged by shipping terminals for the storage and positioning of containers. he charge includes handling, stac!ing and crane services http://%%%.speedycargo.com/resource-center/fcl-lcl-cy-and-cfs/ '$( versus ($( he word carload relates to the rail car. he )25 and 525 are differentiated, in practice, on whether the 6whole container7 or 6not the whole container7 is intended for the consignee.

he )25 means the load reaches its allowable ma*imum #or full% weight or measurement. In practice, however, the )25 in the ocean freight does not always mean pac!ing a container to its full payload or full capacity. )or e*ample, an e*porter boo!s a &89 container that is intended for a consignee at )25 flat rate of US:$,;88. If the consignment occupies ;88 cu. ft. and weighs ;,888 !gs. only, the case is still )25 and the e*porter has to pay US:$,;88. If an e*porter intends to pac! a container to the full capacity or full payload with the consignments of two or more consignees for the same destination, the case is 525 and the carrier will charge the 525 freight rate on each consignment. In the 525 arrangement, the shipper is re-uired to deliver the cargo to the carrier7s container freight station for containeri.ation, thus there is no guarantee that the two or more consignments from the same e*porter will share the same container. In some cases, the e*porter is allowed to pac! the container at their premises in the 525 arrangement, and then the carrier uses that same container to pac! in more cargo from other shipper#s% to ma!e a full container load at the container freight station. $) versus $'S he 2< and 2)S apply to the manner and the location of the cargo delivery and receipt in a container service. he 2< is the delivery #or receipt% of a whole container from #or at% the shipper7s or the forwarder7s #or the consignee7s% cargo yard or premises. he 2)S is the delivery #or receipt% of loose cargo from #or at% the carrier7s container freight station. he container freight station #2)S% is operated by the carrier for the receipt, forwarding, and assembling or disassembling of cargo. =ormally, the container freight station is a customs clearance center.

he 2)S service may be necessary under any of the following circumstances" he !ind of cargo and -uantity of order does not warrant the use of the whole container. he shipper7s or the consignee7s premises are inaccessible by container due to poor road conditions #e.g. narrow road% and location #e.g. remote area not served by container%. he overall load of vehicle e*ceeds the legal limitation. he shipper or the consignee lac!s the necessary container loading or unloading e-uipment.

Modes of $) and $'S $ontainer Services

$)/$) $ontainer Service he 2<32< #read as 62< to 2<7% container service>door(to(door container service or house(to(house container service>broadly means that the whole container received by the carrier is pac!ed at the shipper7s or the forwarder7s premises, and the delivery of that same whole container to the consignee7s premises. In a related term door(to(door service, which is often used in the cargo forwarding and may involve the 525, refers to a type of freight service available from a forwarder whereby the cargo is pic!ed up at the consignor7s premises and delivered to the consignee7s premises. $)/$'S $ontainer Service he 2<32)S #read as 62< to 2)S7% container service>door(to(port container service> broadly means that the whole container received by the carrier is pac!ed at the shipper7s or the forwarder7s premises, and that same whole container is emptied at the carrier7s container freight station at the port of destination. he consignee arranges the delivery of the loose cargo from the container freight station to his3her premises

$'S/$) $ontainer Service he 2)S32< #read as 62)S to 2<7% container service>port(to(door container service> broadly means that the delivery of the loose cargo to the carrier7s container freight station at the port of origin is pac!ed into the whole container, and the delivery of that same whole container to the consignee7s premises. $'S/$'S $ontainer Service he 2)S32)S #read as 62)S to 2)S7% container service>port(to(port container service or pier(to(pier container service>broadly means that the delivery of the loose cargo to the carrier7s container freight station at the port of origin is pac!ed into the whole container, and that same whole container is emptied at the carrier7s container freight station at the port of destination. he consignee arranges the delivery of the loose cargo from the container freight station to his3her premises. http"33www.law.cornell.edu3cfr3te*t3?@3'?8.&

$ontainer means any type of container for intermodal surface movement that is &8 feet in length or longer, A feet wide, and of any height, including speciali.ed containers, with International Standards /rgani.ation standard fittings. $ontainer service means the intermodal movement, which includes an ocean movement leg, of goods in containers. $ontainer service operator means a vessel operator #defined in B '?8.&#v%% that provides containeri.ed ocean shipping service.

http://%%%.oocl.com/eng/ourservices/eservices/tariffandrates/glo&alrule/Pages/rule* +.asp, $"N -IN.! )-!D /$)0: he term +2ontainer <ard+ #2<% means the specific location designated by the 2arrier where #$% the 2arrier assembles, holds or stores containers, and #&% where containers loaded with goods are received or delivered. he locations of each 2arrier's 2<s must be on file with the Agreement Canaging Director. Any change in a 2arrier's registered 2< can be made effective upon filing with the Agreement. 2arriers are not re-uired to file the locations of their PE2 2)S32< with Canaging Director, with the e*ception of Shen.hen, for which, the 2)S32< locations must be filed. $"N -IN.! '!.I12 S - I"N /$'S0: F he term +2ontainer )reight Station+ #2)S% means the location designed by the 2arrier or his authori.ed agent for the receiving of goods to be stuffed into containers or for the delivery of goods stripped from containers by the 2arrier or his authori.ed agent. $"N -IN.! D.P" /$D0: he term +2ontainer Depot+ means a place for receiving or pic! up, and storage of empty containers and chassis. Such e-uipment may be released to shippers at not greater cost than e-uipment released to shippers from designated 2<s. =o loaded containers may be received at 2ontainer Depots and such locations may not be owned or controlled by a shipper or his agent. $"N -IN.! S.!3I$.S: he term +2ontainer Services+ means the services performed by the 2arrier or loading port in receiving and stuffing cargo into containers at 2)S and transporting such containers from 2)S to 2<.

$'S !.$.I3IN1 S.!3I$.S: he term +2)S Eeceiving Services+ means the services performed at loading port in receiving and pac!ing cargo into containers at 2)S and transporting such containers from 2)S to 2< or shipside. +2)S Eeceiving Services+ referred herein are restricted to the following" $% Coving empty containers from 2< to 2)S &% Drayage of loaded containers from 2)S to 2< and3or Ship's tac!le '% allying ?% Issuing doc! receipt3shipping order ;% Physical movement of cargo into, out of and within 2)S @% Stuffing, sealing and mar!ing, containers G% Storage ( #=ot applicable to aiwan% A% /rdinary sorting and stac!ing H% Preparing carrier's internal container load plan

=othing above is to be construed to prohibit carriers at shippers re-uest from stowing cargo in containers in such a manner as to attempt to facilitate 2< delivery at designations of all or part of the cargo therein nor to preclude carrier from supplying cargo interest relevant information re the cargo stowed in each container. )or both 2< and 2)S origin cargo, the cost for providing arpaulins and lashing gear for )lat Eac! and Platform. op containers shall be for account for cargo.

!- .: Ceans the tariff rate including terms and conditions filed in A )I providing a specified level of transporation service for a stated cargo -uantity, from origin to destination, on or after a stated effective date or within a defined time frame. !- . 4-SIS: Ceans the method used for filing a tariff rate. A rate basis may be e*pressed as Ieight #I%, Ceasure #C%, Ieight or Ceasure #I3C%, Per 2ontainer #P2%, Jach#JA%, Ad Kalorem #L%, etc. for determining the -uantity of freight tendered and may include a minimum weight or -uantity re-uirement. http"33en.wi!ipedia.org3wi!i3Ceans4of4labor Means of la&or is a concept in Car*ist political economy that refers to +all those things with the aid of which man acts upon the subject of his labor, and transforms it.+ #Institute of Jconomics of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.E., $H;G% Ceans of labor include tools and machinery #the +instruments of production+%, as well as buildings and land used for production purposes and infrastructure li!e roads and communications networ!s and so forth. he means of labor are one of three basic factors of the production process #Car*, $H@G, p $G?%, along with human labor, and the subject of labor #the material wor!ed on%. In some formulations, the means of labor and human labor #including the activity itself, as well as the s!ills and !nowledge brought to the production process% comprise the productive forces of society #e.g., Sheptulin, $HGA%, other formulations define productive forces more narrowly as the union of instruments of production and the wor!ers who wield them #e.g., Institute of Jconomics, $H;G%.

http"33!alyan(city.blogspot.com3&8$83$$3what(is(labour(and(labourer(meaning(and.html (a&our 5abour is an ability to wor!. 5abour is a broad concept because it includes both physical and mental labour #as per above picture%. 5abour is a primary or human factor of production. It indicates human resource. 5abourer is a person who owns labour. So labourer means wor!er. It is a person engaged in some wor!. http"33www.thefreedictionary.com3manpowerMmanagement manpo%er management he means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient and economical use of available manpower http"33www.thefreedictionary.com3manpowerMmanagementMsurvey manpo%er management survey Systematic evaluation of a functional area, utili.ing e*pert !nowledge, manpower scaling guides, e*perience, and other practical considerations in determining the validity and managerial efficiency of the function's present or proposed manpower establishment. http"33www.thefreedictionary.com3manpowerMplanning manpo%er planning #Nusiness 3 Industrial Eelations O PE employees erms% a procedure used in organi.ations to

balance future re-uirements for all levels of employee with the availability of such

http://%%%.&usinessdictionary.com/definition/manpo%er.html manpo%er . 0eneral" tas!. &. Jconomics" otal labor force of a nation, including both men and women. If there are more people than available jobs, it is called manpower surplus, if available people are fewer than jobs, it is called manpower deficit. http"33wi!i.answers.com3Q3Ihat4is4manpower4controls 5hat is manpo%er controls6 -ns%er"Canpower controls are the decisions made by the government and government bodies concerning where and how people wor!. During Iorld Iar wo the 5abor government introduced Canpower 2ontrols in Ranuary $H?& in order to direct wor!ers to the areas which needed increased production because of the war effort http"33www.allinterview.com3showanswers3G&8@8.html 5hat do you mean &y Manpo%er Management6 5hat process involved in manpo%er managementS -ns%er he process where by individuals or persons are put to ta!e part in the active running of a particular organisation or company or tas!, in which at the end of the tas! there are benefits for both the person involved in the tas! and the organisation. while manpower management is the actual utilisation of man in the pursit of a particular goal or objective, whereby such individual does not stray away from the focus or said target. otal supply of personnel available or engaged for a specific job or