Australia Triboard Construction Manual (Aug02)

CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR AUSTRALIA
First published (NZ) 1989 Reprinted (NZ) with major revisions May 1994 Reprinted (NZ) with minor revisions August 1994 March 1995 July 1996 July 1997 Reprinted (NZ) with major revisions July 2000 Revised for Australia August 2002 Copyright Juken Nissho Ltd
P O Box 1450 Auckland New Zealand Ph: +64 9 3091 750 Fax: +64 9 3090 326 Website: www.triboard.com or www.jnl.co.nz
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Exclusion of Liability
INTRODUCTION
The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for any loss, damage or claims which may arise (including without limitation, claims in negligence) through the use or installation of the Triboard product in a manner inconsistent with this design and construction manual (the Manual). The information contained in this Manual is provided as a guide only. The manufacturer of Triboard provides this information in its capacity as manufacturer only. The responsibility of following and adhering to the specifications in this Manual is that of the user. The specifications contained in this Manual relate to normal site conditions and other conditions set out in this Manual. Individual site characteristics, conditions and circumstances may warrant changes to the specifications in this Manual. The manufacturer is not liable or responsible in variations in the specifications made as a result of the circumstances of each site.
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 CONTENTS Related documents Introduction A brief history of Triboard development 1 2 3 4 5 6 SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION GENERAL SITE REQUIREMENTS DURABILITY BRACING DESIGN FOUNDATION AND SUBFLOOR FRAMING 7 8 9 10 FLOORS WALLS ROOFS
INTRODUCTION PAGE 3 4 5 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1
7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1
BUILDING ENVELOPE - WALLS AND ROOF
11 12 13
INTERIOR LININGS CEILINGS INDUSTRY INFORMATION INDEX
11-1 12-1 13-1 14-1
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002
INTRODUCTION
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Structure
* * * * * * AS1684.1-1999 Residential timber-framed construction AS1684.2-1999 Residential timber framing construction AS4055-1992 Wind loads for houses AS3700-1998 Masonry Structures AS1720.1-1997 Timber Structures AS1170-1989 SAA Loading Code Part 1: Dead and live loads and Load Combinations. Part 2: Wind Load. Part 4: Earthquake Load AS1649-1998 Timber-method of test for mechanical fasteners and connectors - Basic working loads and characteristic strengths. AS2870-1996 Residential Slabs and Footings AS3566-1988 ScrewsSelf DrillingFor the building and construction industry AS3700-1998 Masonry Structures
* *
Materials * AS/NZS 4063: 1992 TimberStress GradedIn-grade strength and stiffness evaluation
Termite resistance * Queensland Forestry Research Institute testing. Termiticidal efficacy of Triboard treated with Permethrin.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Triboard was specifically designed with the panel construction market in mind. Triboard is produced in various thicknesses and is used for walls, doors, floors and ceilings. When used as walls it replaces studs, nogs (dwangs) and plasterboard. The MDF surface of Triboard provides a smooth surface finish complemented by the strand core which delivers good dimensional stability, excellent screwholding and provides a distinct robustness to the product. Structures built with Triboard are essentially a combination of precision cut shearwalls which facilitate rapid construction methods and achieve high quality standards. The use of the Triboard construction system has developed since 1988 to encompass not only affordable single storey dwellings but also up-market two storey structures. The first version of this manual was written in 1988 and published by Northern Pulp Limited. It was appraised by BRANZ in 1989, Appraisal No. 170. By the time the Appraisal expired in 1991 the system was well established and it has grown steadily ever since. The New Zealand manual was considerably revised in 1994 by R F Gale & Associates Ltd (Consulting Engineers) for ACTRANZ (Association of Triboard Remanufacturers of New Zealand) to bring it into line with the then current practice. Revisions included developments in fixings, bracing values for wider panels, and information on two storey construction. A further revision in 2000 changed the format and the numbering system to that used in NZS 3604 Timber Framed Buildings as it was designed to be read in conjunction with it. The relevant sections may be read as an alternative when using Triboard components. This Australian version of the Triboard manual was based on the 2000 revision but has been modified to meet the Australian Codes, Standards and building practices. The Triboard manual has been examined by BRANZ and was used as the basis for the BRANZ Appraisal No 438 of the Triboard Construction System, dated 28th February 2003. This manual is protected by copyright. Details may be reproduced provided they are reproduced in full and used in context. Variations of the details and/or use in other contexts are the responsibility of the designer. Design data for the use of Triboard in engineered situations is available separately on request.
INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF HISTORY DEVELOPMENT
OF
TRIBOARD
Before Triboard was developed in the mid 1980s there were three types of panel product available, particleboard, MDF (medium density fibre board) and OSB (orientated strandboard). Particleboard was developed in post-war Europe and was used for furniture, benchtops and other similar uses. MDF was first produced in the United States in the mid 1960s and became the material of choice where fine finish was important. OSB was developed in North America as a structural panel to offer an alternative to plywood and by the 1980s was well established in wall sheathing and roof sarking applications. The innovation which became Triboard, was to use fibre on the face of a strand board to give a fine finish. German manufacturer G Siempelkamp & Co manufactured presses for the panel industry and were very familiar with panel products. They recommended OSB to provide the structural properties and fibre for the finish. The Triboard mill at Kaitaia which integrates OSB and MDF started production in 1987. The mill manufactures a number of boards, low, medium and high density, with fibre and strand only, for many different uses. The range of uses is continually being expanded. For further information refer www.triboard.com. The Juken Nissho Triboard Mill has a quality system which conforms with ISO9001 and ISO14001
1
SECTION 1
SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

1.1 Scope .................................................... 1.2 Exclusion of Liability .......................... 1.3 Short specification .............................. 1.4 Recommended design procedure ...... 1.5 Definitions ............................................ 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4
Figures 1.1 Recommended Design Procedure ...... 1-6 1.2 Buildings covered by this manual ...... 1.3 Typical construction ............................ 1.4 Key to tables and charts ..................... 1.5 Key to details ....................................... 1-7 1-8 1-8 1-9
1
1-1
SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETA-
1.1 Scope
The TRIBOARD Panel Construction System presented in this manual has been specifically designed in accordance with AS1170.11989, AS1170.41993, AS40551992 and AS1684.1 for Wind Classifications N1, N2 and N3 as defined in Table 1 of AS40551992 using design loadings for domestic buildings and well established engineering methods. AS1684.21999 and BCA96 deemed to satisfy construction can be used to specify the foundations, building platform and to determine the design loads for a trussed roof structure. Roof trusses must be separately designed by the manufacturer and fixed to the walls in accordance with the requirements set out in Section 9 of this manual. The sub-structure (below ground floor level) must be separately designed such as to AS 1684.2-1999. The system as detailed in this manual is suitable for domestic and light commercial buildings and similar buildings within the scope outlined in clause 1.6.1 of AS1684.21999 with the following additional limitations: Single storey or two storey construction. Maximum roof pitch - 35 degrees. Maximum eaves overhang - 600mm. Building height. Where the wind classification is determined from AS4055, the maximum building height is 8.5 m and the maximum wall height is 2.7 m. Where AS 1170.2 is used to determine the maximum design gust speed, the wind classification shall be determined from Table 1.1 of AS 1684.2, the maximum building height is 10.0 m and the maximum wall height is 3.0 m. 5. Maximum lintel span is determined from tables in Section 8 of this manual. 6. A rafter or truss roof may be used. The maximum truss span is 12m . 7. The maximum spacing of bracing walls is 8 m where the ceiling diaphragm is of 18 mm Triboard as per Section 12. The maximum spacing of bracing walls is 5m where a conventional plasterboard ceiling is used. 8. Snow loads shall not exceed 0.5 kPa on sheet roofs. Snow loads not allowed on tile roofs (weight greater than 0.4 kPa) without specific design. 9. Live load on upper floor shall not exceed 1.5 kPa. Live load on balconies shall not exceed 2 kPa. Consequently this manual may be used for houses but not Apartment buildings. 10. The Wind Classification for the building site must be N1, N2 or N3 11. Decks cantilevered off first floor levels are not permissible. Buildings outside these limits must be specifically designed. Semi-detached and apartment buildings based on the Triboard system are not covered by this manual and must be subject to a specific design. TRIBOARD wall panels are intended to be used for internal walls, and perimeter walls which are adequately protected against the weather by a properly detailed conventional cladding system. 1. 2. 3. 4.
1-2
SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
TRIBOARD Wall Panels must be protected from the weather during construction with a sealer applied by the re-manufacturer. TRIBOARD panels must be kept dry. In bathrooms, laundries or kitchens, panels must be protected by water resistant linings or otherwise adequately sealed. Detailing must be such that no moisture can be trapped between the lining and TRIBOARD panels. Adequately detailed flashings are required at window and door openings in perimeter walls to protect the panel from exposure to moisture. For the purposes of this Manual the word shall or must refers to practices which are mandatory for compliance with BCA96. The word should refers to practices which are advised or recommended.
1.2 Exclusion of Liability

The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for any loss, damage or claims which may arise (including without limitation, claims in negligence) through the use of installation of the Triboard product in a manner inconsistent with this design and the Manual. The information contained in this Manual is provided as a guide only. The manufacturer of Triboard provides this information in its capacity as manufacturer only. The responsibility of following and adhering to the specifications in this Manual is that of the user. The specifications contained in this manual relate to normal site conditions and other conditions set out in this Manual. Individual site characteristics, conditions and circumstances may warrant changes to the specifications in this Manual. The manufacturer is not liable or responsible for variations in the specifications made as a result of the circumstances of each site.
1.3 Short Specification

For use by Architects and others who are using the "TRIBOARD Panel Construction System" in their structures. The "TRIBOARD panels and site fixings shall be installed in accordance with the current "Triboard ManualAustraliaAugust 2002.
1.4 Recommended Design Procedure

When designing a TRIBOARD panel house, it is recommended that the following general design approach is followed: 1. Draw the desired floor layout plan within the limitations of the relevant bylaw requirements. 2. Select the roof and wall cladding systems and choose the level of insulation required from Section 10. If a wall separating tenancies is required contact your 1-3
remanufacturer. The wall must be specifically designed. 3. Design the foundations and the building platform in accordance with Section 3 of AS1684.21999, or AS2870-1996 taking into account the specific site requirements. 4. Use Tables 8.2 to choose the batten size and spacing. 5. Determine the total bracing demand required in accordance with Section 8.3.6 of AS1684.21999 Section 8 and Table 8.2. Note that this Triboard construction method is only applicable to AS 4055 Wind Classifications N1, N2 or N3. Calculate the bracing available using the bracing values given for various panel widths and fixings in Section 5 of this Manual. Use all the panels in the building rather than special "bracing panels" to try to avoid the need for special fixings. Note, do not include the nominal wall bracing strengths outlined in Paragraph 8.3.6.2 of AS 1684.2-1999. A bracing calculation service is available through panel remanufacturers. 6. Select a truss roof to span between the supporting walls and design the roof construction to comply with the truss manufacturers requirements and AS1684.21999, Paragraph 7.1.2.4. 7. Check the lintels and their supports from the Tables in Section 8 of this Manual. 8. Provide truss connections as per Section 9 of this manual. 9. Select the appropriate wall connections from the standard details in Section 8 of this Manual.
1.5 Definitions
For the purposes of this Manual, the following definitions apply: 1.5.1 INTEGRAL LINTEL. An integral Triboard lintel is the lintel left above an opening when an opening is cut from a single sheet of board
1-4
DOUBLER. A lintel can be one thickness of board, 36 mm thick. If a second layer of board or timber of at least 36 mm thickness is fixed on the outside in the batten space, the lintel is doubled.
SEPARATE LINTEL. A separate Triboard lintel is a lintel fixed between two separate Triboard wall panels. It is usually over a ranch slider or similar wide door opening
1.5.2 PLATFORM FLOOR. A floor laid over the floor joists before the wall frames or panels are in place. Normally board covering the full footprint of the house 1.5.3 LIGHT WALL CLADDING. A wall cladding having a mass not exceeding 30 kg/m2. Typical examples are weatherboards. 1.5.4 HEAVY WALL CLADDING. A wall cladding having a mass exceeding 30 kg/m2, but not exceeding 220 kg/m2 of wall area. Typical examples are clay and concrete masonry veneers. 1.5.5 WALL BATTEN. Vertical timber, (See Section 2.1.4), fixed to the outside of the external wall panels. It serves to: 1. Stiffen the wall, especially adjacent to openings 2. Provide space for services and for insulation 3. Keep water which may leak through the cladding from wetting the board. 1.5.6 SHEET ROOF. Means a roof with roofing material (cladding and any sarking) having a mass (including the ceiling) not exceeding 40 kg per square metre of roof area (typical examples are steel, copper, and aluminium roof claddings of normal thickness, 6 mm thick corrugated cellulose cement, and the like, without sarking). 1.5.7 TILE ROOF. Means a roof with roofing material (cladding and any sarking) having a mass (including the ceiling) exceeding 40 kg but not exceeding 90 kg per square metre of roof area (typical examples are concrete tiles, slates and the like). 1.5.8 SARKING MEMBRANE Means a pliable building membrane (building paper) which meets the provisions of AS4200. A sarking membrane is required between the battens and all cladding systems. 1-5
START
Draw the plan No Does it comply with Scope Section 1.1 Yes End Select the wall cladding
Select the Roof system including cladding Choose the insulation from Section 10 Is wall separating tenancies Yes Fire and STC rated arrange specific design No Foundation design in accordance with AS1684.21999 Section 3
From Tables 8.2 find batten size and spacing
Wall bracing design Table 5.1
Draw truss layout Select Truss connections to walls as per Section 9.
Lintels check Section 8
Select Wall connections as per Section 8 Check walls and lintels for vertical loads Section 8 Two storey building Yes No End Figure 1.1 Recommended Design Procedure 1-6
Figure 1.2 - Buildings covered by this Manual 1-7
Figure 1.3 - Typical construction
Figure 1.4 Key to Tables and Charts
1-8
Figure 1.5 - Key to details
1-9
2
SECTION 2
GENERAL
2.1 Safe Work Practices... 2.2 Materials............................................... 2.3 Panel tolerances.................................. 2.4 Panel painting...................................... 2.5 Marking................................................. 2.6 Remanufacturer identification............ 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Tables 2.1 Panel quality table............................... Figures 2.1 Straight cut...........................................
2.6
2.6
2-1
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
2.1 Safe work Practices

Health and Safety precautions must be taken when working with heavy and large products such as Triboard sheets. Triboard masterboards are large and very heavy weighing up to approx 200 kg each. Cut sheets and pieces can also be heavy and awkward. Appropriate manual lifting and handling techniques must be developed in accordance with guidelines from the NOHSC (National Occupational Health and Safety CommissionCommonwealth of Australia) and Workplace Australia. If lifting machinery such as fork-lifts are used appropriate training and safety standards must be developed in accordance with guidelines from the NOHSC (National Occupational Health and Safety CommissionCommonwealth of Australia) and Workplace Australia.
Health and safety precautions must be taken when working with all wood products. Exposure to wood dust and/or fomaldehyde may cause irritation to the eyes, respiratory system and skin. Wood dust may cause sensitisation resulting in asthma, and result in dermatitis by skin contact. Wood dust is classified as a known carcinogen. Repeated inhalation of wood dust over many years may cause nasal cancer. Triboard Formaldehyde emissions meet the E1 class when tested in accordance with AS/NZS 4266.15:1995 Formaldehyde is classified as a probable carcinogen. Storage areas containing large quantities of Triboard must be adequately ventilated. Work areas must be well ventilated and kept clean. Sawing, sanding and machining equipment must be fitted with dust extractors to ensure that dust levels are kept within standards laid down by Worksafe Australia. If not, a dust mask conforming to AS/NZS 1715 and AS/NZS 1716 and eye protection conforming to AS/NZS 1337 must be worn. Offcuts, shavings and dust must be disposed of in a manner that avoids the generation of dust and in accordance with the requirements of local waste authorities. In end use applications all product surfaces exposed to occupied space must be sealed.
Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet available from either JNL or our website www.jnl.co.nz and www.triboard.com. Reference can also be made to Working Safely with Wood Panel Products published by the Department of Labour, Occupational Safety and Health, or Home Health Facts About Formaldehyde in Wood Composite Products published by the New Zealand Ministry of Health and BRANZ, available from Juken Nissho Ltd.
2-2
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
2.2 Materials
2.2.1 Triboard Handling and Storage Prior to cutting, the Triboard sheets must be conditioned to ensure that the sheets reach their moisture equilibrium before fixing to the ceilings or walls. This can be done by putting the sheets into fillet to allow air circulation around both sides of the sheets for a minimum of 24 hours. Avoid damage to Triboard face and edges, keep the panels clean to avoid stains. Always stack Triboard horizontally, supported by gluts at 1200 mm maximum centers, laid on a flat, level and dry surface. Triboard must be protected from direct sunlight whilst in storage or during the re-manufacturing process. For short-term storage on site, protect Triboard from direct weather exposure with tarpaulins or similar. To prevent moisture build up under covers ensure there is a proper air circulation around the pack. Prior to painting or priming Triboard panels all dust should be removed from the surface of the board. Surface sanding is recommended if a fine surface finish is required.
2.2.2 Grade and thickness of Triboard Wall panels shall be manufactured from strength grade A product code (033 TTT) Triboard 36mm thick. The surface finish shall be F (first grade for top quality paint) or L (for paint or laminating and veneer) as appropriate for the panel finishing. Grade F is recommended and will be supplied unless L is specially ordered and available. The standard density for TRIBOARD used for wall and ceiling panels shall be 560 kg/m3 or greater. 2.2.3 Ceiling board Board used for ceilings shall be 18 mm thick Triboard product code (040 TTT) 2.2.4 Paint The paint used on the panel faces and edges shall prevent water entering the board during construction. A suitable surface test is that when a wet sponge is placed on the painted surface and kept wet in the same place for 3 days, there is no raising of the surface. For edges, sitting a painted edge on a wet sponge for three days does not cause swelling of more than 1 mm. The paint shall also be suitable as an undercoat for any of the normal finishing coats or for wallpapering. Comment:
2-3
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Paints which have been found satisfactory in practice are : Fountex Alkyd Board Sealer Mirotone 809 Isolating coat (white) 2 Pot Epoxy, eg Everdure Benjamin Moore 2030 Levenes Architectural Series Santana Triboard Sealer Resene Acrylic
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
The paint used must be mixed and applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 2.2.5 Batten Timber F7 or MGP10, H3 treated, kiln dried ex 50x50 or 75x50 Radiata Pine (dry dressed 45x45 and 70x45). Moisture content 10% or less. 2.2.6 Nails Nails are to be plain shank low carbon steel as specified in AS 2334 and hot dip galvanised. Nails used are: : 30mm x 3.15 or 3.55 diameter, gutter bracket or Lumberlok nails 60mm x 2.8 diameter particle board flooring nails 75mm x 3.15 diameter flat head nails 100mm x 4mm flat head nails 2.2.7 Screws Screws shall be manufactured and used in accordance with AS 3566. 2.2.8 Timber Connectors All timber connectors shall be from galvanized or stainless steel plate. The exception to this is that ceiling brackets are to be aluminium. Bottom plate anchors cast in pressed steel anchors: Pryda BPA or BPAV, Cyclone Straps Pryda Cyclone Strap, QHS4, QHS6 Gang Nail Cyclone Tie 600 Ceiling bracket Pryda Pergola Angle Lumberlok Multigrip or triple grip 25mm x 1mm, G250, Z275 steel strap Steel angle 40 x 30 mm folded from 1.2 mm galvanized steel strip, holes punched to suit fasteners. Cast in tie down 80 x 6 flat bar, 450 long, one end ragged, with 20 - 6 mm diameter holes at the other end in a 4 at 20 mm x 5 at 20 mm grid. Hot dip galvanized after manufacture. Refer figure 8.6 (B).
2-4
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
2.2 Panel tolerances

Grouted in tie down D10 bar x 200 long welded to 110x200x2 mm plate drilled as for cast in tie down with 18 mm holes on a 20 x 20 mm gird Hot dip galvanised after manufacture. See Figure 8.6(C). Anchors, fixings and fasteners on external walls must be minimum grade 304 stainless steel in the Sea Spray Zone which is defined as within 500 m of the coast or 100 m from a tidal estuary or harbour.
2.3 Panel Tolerances

Panels manufactured for use in the Triboard Panel Construction System shall be accepted provided they comply with the criteria in this manual. The quality table gives three options. Panel grade B will be supplied unless another grade is specified 2.3.1 Edge Profiling Grooves for tongues - the tongue shall be a firm fit in the groove and must not wobble. The step between the faces of adjacent panels when fitted together shall be less than 0.5mm.
2.4 Panel Painting

2.4.1 Painted faces The paint coating must be over the entire face of the panel without skips or holidays. 2.4.2 Painted Edges Panel edges must be painted primarily to provide protection from water during erection. The paint shall be liberally applied to seal the edge. Bottom edges must be given two coats to provide additional protection.
2.5 Marking
All panels shall be clearly marked on an edge with an identification number to assist with erection.
2.6 Remanufacturer Identification

Many panel remanufacturers provide a label to fix inside the hot water cupboard for easy future identification
2-5
SECTION 2 - GENERAL
Table 2.1 Panel quality table
PANEL QUALITY TABLE

For economy the grade appropriate to the end use should be specified Panel grade Recommended use Identification on Board grade Surface coating A Architectural purposes A Grade T T T Faces painted sanded with 180 grit edges painted Edges, rebates within 0.5mm 0.5 mm 0.5 mm 0.1 mm B Normal residential None T T T Faces painted evenly
Cutting tolerances
Edges, grooves etc within 1mm 1.0 mm 0.5mm 0.5mm
Maximum difference Butt jointed panels Straight cuts -Deviation
Figure 2.1 - Straight cut
2-6
3
SECTION 3
SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Site preparation prior to erection ....... 3.2 Weather exposure ................................ 3.3 Assembly of components ................... 3.4 Maintenance period ............................. 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-4
1
3-1
SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Site Preparation Prior to erection check that:

- The floor plan dimensions are correct and that the panel locating hardware has been fixed to the floor in the correct positions. - The floor is level. - The truck can park in a position that allows convenient lifting of panels off the truck and onto the floor. It is well worthwhile marking the panel number on the floor in the correct position prior to commencing erection. 3.1.1 Site Storage Panels must not be stored on site.
3.2 Weather Exposure

As prolonged exposure to water causes the panels to swell and this will delay internal finishing, panels must be kept dry. The trusses and roof should be fitted as soon as practicable and if delay is expected, the panels covered with tarpaulins or similar to keep them dry. Sweep the floor to remove ponded water. Panels must not be exposed to the weather for more than four weeks.
3.3 Assembly of Components

3.3.1 General The assembly of panels on site is a simple process but care must be exercised to put the right panels in the right place and the right way round. "If it doesn't fit, check the plan; if it doesn't figure, pick up the phone NOT the saw!" Panels must not be cut on site without the permission of the remanufacturer. It is strongly recommended that erectors visit the site of a house under construction and discuss their proposed method with people who have already erected panels. TRIBOARD Marketing staff will be pleased to assist and to provide suitable contacts.
3-2
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 3.3.2 Identification of Components
All panels are individually marked on an edge with an identifying number. 3.3.3 Panel Erection Sequence It is recommended that erection start from the "far" side of the building and that panels are assembled so that each is fixed to one already in place. Check that the panel remanufacturer knows the proposed sequence so that the panels are stacked in the order they are required. 3.3.4 Temporary Bracing of Panels Provided panels are fixed to each other little or no temporary bracing is required. 3.3.5 Alignment Before the panels are fixed together, care should be taken to ensure that they are plumb and that their top edges are level. Minor adjustments to panel locations may be made prior to fixing them to the floor. Gaps 3 mm or wider at joints are not acceptable and must be closed. 3.3.6 Joinery Joinery may be fitted directly into the openings, the 10 mm clearance associated with timber framing is not required. 3.3.7 Ceiling Panels Ceiling panels may be erected similarly to wall panels. Erect temporary supports in rooms where the panels are required to span more than 2.4m. 3.3.8 Panel handling Some panel remanufacturers offer an erection service. Alternatively panels may be erected using a crane or by hand. Note that a 4.0m x 2.45m x 36mm panel weighs just under 200 kg. Care must be taken to prevent damage to the panels during erection and to keep the panels correctly aligned and tightly butted. Personnel working on the panels during erection should ensure that they avoid marking or dirtying the finished surfaces.
3.3.9
Joints
Joints must be made with care to prevent cracking. Ceiling insulation must be installed prior to stopping. The moisture content of the board at time of stopping must be 10% or less. Movement control joints are recommended for large ceilings.
3-3
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 3.3.10 Trussed Roofs - Camber
Roof trusses are supplied with a built-in camber to allow for deflection under load. About half of this deflection occurs immediately the truss is loaded and the other half occurs slowly over the next year. When concrete tiles are used the camber can be up to15-20mm for large spans and the resulting deflections say 10mm when the tiles are laid and 10mm subsequently. In the majority of cases with a truss span of say 8m and a camber of 10mm the deflection on loading will be of the order of 5mm with a creep deflection to follow of a further 5mm. As the ceiling panels are fixed to the tops of the wall panels during erection and propped level from the floor over the larger spans the ceiling will be level when installed. The trusses when erected with full camber will span clear above the ceiling panels. It is recommended that the ceiling cleats be fixed to the ceiling in their correct position but not fixed to the trusses until the roofing has been laid and the trusses have settled. The cleats near the truss supports, where movement is small, may be fixed before the roof is laid, but where movement is significant, i.e. near the centre of the span, leave the temporary props in place and do not fix the cleats until the roof has been in place for a few days. With sheet metal roofs the deflection is much less, the camber is small, and in most cases the cleats may be fixed immediately.
3.4 Maintenance Period

As the board used is dry and the panels stiff, maintenance is not normally required.
3-4
4
SECTION 4
DURABILITY
4.1 General.......................................................... 4-2 4.2 Temperature and Humidity..4-2 4.3 Sauna Rooms and Skillion Roofs..4-2
1
4-1
SECTION 4-DURABILITY
4.1 General
Triboard has been tested by BRANZ and in their opinion it will be durable for 50 years in a dry environment. This manual covers building in coastal regions south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
4.2 Temperature and Humidity

The long term durability is mainly dependant on the Triboard wall and ceiling panels and the connections remaining dry in service. Triboard wall and ceiling panels must not be exposed to sustained high humidity (greater than 95% RH), liquid water, or temperatures in excess of 40C over large areas for prolonged periods (e.g. by climate conditions or by ceiling heating installations) or 50C in localised areas (e.g. the area surrounding a heating flue penetration).
4.3 Sauna Rooms and Skillion Rooms

The use of Triboard wall and ceiling panels in Sauna rooms and the like, and the use of Triboard panels in skillion roofs or flat roofs (less than 10 pitch) is not covered by this manual.
4-2
5
SECTION 5
BRACING DESIGN
5.1 Bracing ............................................... 5.2 Ceiling bracing .................................. 5.3 Panel bracing values ......................... 5.4 Panel width ....................................... 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2
Figures 5.1 Small openings ................................. 5.2 Separate bracing walls .....................
5-3 5-3
Table 5.1 Panel bracing values ........................
5-4
1
5-1
SECTION 5 - BRACING DESIGN
5.1 Bracing Criteria

Bracing demand shall be calculated according to AS1684.21999. Bracing resistance shall be calculated by summing the contributions from all bracing walls using Table 5.1. Bracing resistance shall not be less than bracing demand. All full height panels, without window or door openings with dimensions exceeding that stipulated in Section 5.2, having a minimum length of 600mm and fixed in the building in accordance with the appropriate details may be used as bracing elements. Bracing elements must be evenly distributed throughout the building to meet Section 8.3.6.5 of AS16841999. The nominal bracing values given in Table 8.17 of AS1684.21999 are not applicable. Each perimeter bracing line shall have a bracing rating of at least the greater of 3.5 kN or 0.4 x L kN where L is the wall length.
5.2 Spacing of Bracing Lines

The maximum distance between parallel bracing lines shall be no more than 8m centre to centre for Triboard ceilings, and 5 m for plasterboard ceilings.
5.3 Panel Bracing Values

As the panel will not deform significantly i.e. it remains square and as it is fixed to the floor so that it will not slide, the brace value for a panel is largely dependent on preventing it overturning. Wide panels have significantly more bracing value than narrow panels. Including more of the fixings in the bracing calculation adds to the resistance to overturning. The brace values in the table for several types of fixing preventing overturning may be added. Two limits of maximum total bracing rating for a particular wall are stipulated at the bottom of Table 5.1. The first is to prevent sliding at the base of the wall and the second is to prevent failure of the wall T joint. Both these limits must be complied with. The bracing values in Table 5.1 were determined for a 2.45 m high wall. The bracing values for higher walls of height, H, are obtained by factoring values in these tables by 2.45/H. Many of the bracing values given in Table 5.1 apply for one direction of loading only, and not for the opposite direction. (e.g. Type 1.2). Hence, the bracing resistance must be shown to exceed bracing demand for all four directions of loading.
5.4 Panel width

Wall panels joined together using either the exterior or interior joining details shown may be considered as one panel. Small openings have little effect and windows up to 2000 mm wide x 1200 mm high may be ignored. Internal door openings up to 850mm wide (900mm trim size) may also be ignored provided the lintel is continuous on one or both sides of the opening and at least 400 mm deep. 5-2
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Walls interrupted by large openings and connected by separate lintels are taken as separate walls.
Fig 5.1 Small openings
Fig 5.2 Separate bracing walls
5-3
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 5.1 Panel Bracing Values (kN) for a 2.45 m high wall Picture Fixing
Lifting end of panel held down by 0.8m length of external wall Lifting end of panel held down by grouted in 6kN connection Lifting end of panel held down by grouted in 12kN connection External wall fixed to timber boundary joist with nailed battens at 600mm crs External wall fixed to concrete floor with one fully nailed framing anchor near end Lifting end of panel held down by weight of 2m length of internal wall Lifting end of panel held down by weight of trusses crossing Lifting end of panel held down by weight of trusses parallel, bearing on a wall fixed to the end (see roof type) Wall panel resisting overturning by its own weight Lifting end of panel held down by weight of 2m long wall crossing it in the level above Lifting end of panel held down by weight of 2m of floor bearing on it Lifting end of panel held down by weight of 2m of floor above bearing on wall fixed to the end
Type 1.2 0.6 1.3 1 2.2 2 4.5
Panel width m 3 6.7 4 5 6 7 8 8.9 11.1 13.4 15.6 17.8
1.1
2.2
4.9
7.6 10.3 13.0 15.7 18.4 21.1
2.1
2.0
4.1
9.2 14.3 19.4 24.6 29.7 34.8 39.9
4.2
0.4
0.7
1.4
3.4
4.9
8.2 10.5 12.7 18.1
4.5
1.1
2.1
4.8
7.5 10.1 12.8 15.5 18.2 20.8
0.3
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.4
3.9
0.1
0.5
1.1
2.0
3.2
4.6
6.2
8.1
7.S
Sheet
0.1
0.2
0.6
1.4
2.6
4.0
5.7
7.8 10.2
7.T
Tile
0.1 -
0.3 0.1
1.2 0.4
2.7 0.8
4.8 1.4
7.5 10.8 14.8 19.3 2.2 3.2 4.3 5.7
205
0.1
0.2
0.6
1.2
2.0
3.0
4.2
5.6
7.3
206
0.1
0.5
1.1
2.0
3.1
4.5
6.1
7.9
207
0.1
0.2
0.7
1.7
3.0
4.6
6.7
9.1 11.9
Limit 1 Limit 2
Total bracing limited by shearsliding along floor Total bracing limit for the sum of Types 1.2+5+7+205+207
2.2 1.6
3.6 2.7
7.2 10.8 14.5 18.1 21.7 25.3 28.9 5.4 8.2 10.9 13.6 16.3 19.0 21.8
Note: Values must be reduced for walls higher than 2.45 msee Paragraph 5.2
5-4
6
SECTION 6
FOUNDATION AND SUBFLOOR FRAMING

6.1 General ....6-2
Figures 6.1
Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls...................... 6-3
6.2
Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls (brick veneer) ...... 6-4
6-1
SECTION 6- FOUNDATION AND SUBFLOORS FRAMING
6.1
General
Refer to AS1684.21999 Section 3 for typical foundation details and subfloor framing. Figure 6.1 shows details that must be used for fixing walls to concrete or block work foundation walls. Figure 6.2 shows details that must be used for fixing walls to concrete or block work foundation walls for brick veneer construction. Refer to Section 7 for timber floor construction and Figure 8.4 for connection of walls to floors.
6-2
Figure 6.1 Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls.
6-3
Figure 6.2 Fixing of wall plates to foundation walls (brick veneer)
6-4
7
SECTION 7
FLOORS
7.1 Timber Floors .......................................... 7-2 7.2 Concrete Floors . 7-2
Figures 7.1 Cantilevered joists boundary joist fixings ........................... 7-2
7.2 Supported boundary joist fixing .......... 7-3
1
7-1
SECTION 7 - FLOORS
7.1 TIMBER FLOORS REFER TO SECTION 4 AS 1684.2-1999

Note that double joists are not required under continuous Triboard walls on platform floors. Floor framing and flooring shall comply with Section 4 and 5 of AS1684.2-1999. The required connections between boundary joists and cantilevered joists are shown in Figure 7.1. Where the boundary joists are supported over bearers, the required connections are shown in Figure 7.2. The figures also show the required batten to boundary joist connections. 7.2 CONCRETE FLOORS Concrete floors shall be constructed in accordance with AS28701996.
Figure 7.1 - Cantilevered joists boundary joist fixings 7-2
SECTION 7 - FLOORS
Figure 7.2Supported boundary joist fixing (sheet and tile roof)
7-3
8
SECTION 8
WALLS
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 General................................................... 8-3 Systems to resist vertical loads............... 8-3 Systems to resist horizontal loads ......... 8-3 Interior Wall panels ..................................... 8-3 Exterior wall panels .................................... 8-4 Lintels ....................................................... 8-10 Floor joist moisture content .................... 8-10
Tables 8.1 Fasteners to fix battens .............................. 8-5 8.2(A) Panels as load bearing walls Light roof ................................................... 8-7 8.2(B) Panels as load bearing wallsHeavy roof ................................................. 8-8 8.2(C) Panels as load bearing wallsLower storey ............................................... 8-9 8.3 Lintels supporting roof only .................. 8-11 8.4 Lintels supporting roof, wall & floor ..... 8-12 8.5 Lintels supporting floor only.................. 8-13 8.6 Lintels over garage opening-Steel flitch. 8-14
1
8-1
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figures 8.1 Batten fixings........................................... 8.2 Fixings for separate lintel....................... 8.3 Corner lintels........................................ 8.4 Wall to timber floor fixings...................... 8.5 Wall to concrete floor fixings.... 8.6 Exterior wall to concrete floor anchor/tie down details... 8.7 External wall set outbrick cladding.. 8.8 Special fixings (Interior wall and exterior wall to concrete floor)............................ 8.9 Floor finishing............... 8.10 Corner wall fixings.................................... 8.11 Wall tee intersection fixings..................... 8.12 Exterior wall butt joint............................... 8.13 Interior wall butt joint................................ 8.14 Factory glued joint ... 8.15 Interior wall movement butt joint.............
8-6 8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20 8-21 8-22 8-23 8-24 8-24 8-25 8-26 8-27
8-2
SECTION 8 - WALLS
8.1 General
All perimeter and internal wall panels are Triboard panels. Walls are normally 2.40 or 2.45m high but may be up to 2.7 m high using the tables in this Manual. Where AS1170.2 is used to determine the maximum wind gust speed, the maximum wall height is 3.0m. Panels may be mixed with conventional light timber frames constructed in accordance with AS 1684:Part 2.
8.2 Systems to resist vertical loads

Wall panels chosen from Tables 8.2 in this manual will carry the loads shown.
8.3 Systems to resist horizontal loads

Each of the wall panels fixed using the standard details shown in this Manual will carry some bracing load. Some additional fixing may be needed, and if so must be shown on the plan.
8.4 Interior Wall panels

All interior wall panels shall be made from a minimum of 36 mm thick Triboard. Battens are not required on interior walls. Interior walls shall be fixed to board flooring or to a concrete floor with the minimum fixings specified in Sections 8.4.1 or 8.4.2 as applicable. Additional fixings which may be specifically designed to increase panel bracing ratings are shown in Figures 8.4 and 8.6 for a timber and a concrete floor respectively. Interior walls shall be fixed to any intersecting wall with 75 mm x 3.15 mm diameter nails or 75 x 4.4 mm screws as shown in Figure 8.10. Figure 8.13 shows details required at an interior butt joint. A movement butt joint detail is shown in Figure 8.15. Movement joints must be fitted in long corridors and similar situations at not more than 8 m spacing 8.4.1 Connection to a concrete floor The internal walls shall sit on a 30 mm x 40 mm x 1.2 mm steel angle folded from galvanised strip. Refer to Figure 8.5B. The vertical leg of the angle shall be screwed to the wall with 30 x 4.4 mm diameter screws at a maximum of 200 mm centres. The horizontal leg of the angle shall be gun nailed to the concrete floor with 30 x 3.15 mm diameter nails at a maximum of 200 mm centres. 8.4.2 Connection to a timber floor The minimum fixing shall be 75 mm x 3.15 mm diameter nails skew driven from both sides at a maximum of 100 mm centres as shown in Figure 8.4(C).
8-3
SECTION 8 - WALLS
8.5 Exterior Wall Panels

All exterior walls shall be formed from Triboard of minimum thickness 36 mm and stiffened with timber wall battens on the exterior face as illustrated in Figure 8.1. The specification for timber wall battens shall comply with Section 8.5.3. Exterior walls shall be fixed to board or a concrete floor with fixings as specified in Sections 8.5.1 or 8.5.2 as applicable. Additional fixings which optionally may be used to increase a panel bracing rating are shown in Figures 8.4 and 8.6. Figure 8.9 shows recommended coving, skirting and waterproof membrane details. Additional fixings must be shown on the drawings. Exterior walls shall be fixed at corners with 75 mm x 3.15 mm diameter nails or 75 x 4.4 mm screws as shown in Figure 8.10. This figure also shows the additional battens required to reinforce corners. Figure 8.11 shows the details required at any intersection of interior and exterior walls. Figure 8.12 shows details required at an exterior butt joint. 8.5.1 Connection to a concrete floor The external walls shall sit on a 30 mm x 40 mm x 1.2 mm steel angle as shown in Figure 8.5 (A). The vertical leg of the angle shall be screwed to the wall with 30 x 4.4 mm diameter screws at a maximum of 200 mm centres. The horizontal leg of the angle shall be nailed to the concrete floor with 30 x 3.15 mm diameter concrete nails at a maximum of 200 mm centres. Various methods of connecting the exterior walls to a concrete floor may be used. The minimum provisions are that the exterior walls are fixed to the concrete floor with bottom plate anchors at spacing not exceeding that given in Figure 8.5 (C). The anchors must be fixed to the wall as per Figure 8.5(a) or 8.6(a). There shall also be a hold-down anchor fixing on either side of every door opening in exterior walls. Refer to figure 8.5C.
8.5.2 Connection to a timber floor The minimum fixing shall be 75 mm x 3.15 mm diameter nails skew driven through 2.5 mm diameter pre-drilled holes on both sides at a maximum of 100 mm centres as shown in Figure 8.4 (A and B). The batten can extend past the floor and be directly nailed to a boundary joist as shown in Figure 8.4(A) or else butted against the floor and be fixed to the boundary joist by 25 x 1mm G250 Z275, steel straps as shown in Figure 8.4(B).
8-4
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 8.5.3 Wall Battens The battens shall be of timber specified in Section 2.1.4 and shall have a moisture content not exceeding 10% at the time of fixing. The battens shall be of a size and spacing to comply with Table 8.2. Battens shall be used on the exterior panel face at all edges of all openings and at building corners in the building faade as shown in Figure 8.1. Double Battens (or 100 x 50 mm or 100 x 75 mm battens with twice the nailing as shown in Figure 8.1) are required at the following locations: On the sides of openings which are both 2400 mm or more wide and 600 mm from a stiffening panel. (A stiffening panel is a panel at 90 to the panel under consideration) On lintel and sill edges of windows more than 2000 mm wide in Wind Zone N2 or N3. Besides lower floor windows 1000 mm or more wide. On at least one edge of exterior corners.
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Battens shall be fixed to the panel and adjacent structure as illustrated in Figure 8.1 using either hot dipped galvanised nails or roofing screws of size given in Table 8.1. The minimum spacing for nails and screws is shown in Figure 8.1. Where required the nails shall be angled to prevent dimpling of the inside surface. At the top and bottom of each panel the batten shall be fastened to the panel with two screws or four nails at 100 mm centres.
Batten Size 50x50 mm (No packer) 75x50 mm (No packer) 50x50 mm (18mm packer)
Nail Fixing
Screw Fixing
75x3.15 mm 75 x 4.4 mm (12 gauge) 90x3.55 mm 90 x 5.2 mm (14 gauge) 90x3.55 mm 90 x 5.2 mm (14 gauge)
Table 8.1 Fasteners to fix battens Lower floor battens shall be fastened to the joist or blocking below as illustrated in Figure 8.1 using either: Three 100 mm long hot dipped galvanised nails or two 100 mm long roofing screws of diameter shown in Table 1. The batten shall overlap the joist by a minimum of 150 mm; or A 300 mm long 25mm x 1mm G250, Z275 steel strap brace fixed with six 30 mm long x 3.15 mm diameter galvanised nails as illustrated in Figure 8.4(B). For two storey construction the battens shall extend to overlap the above floor panel by a minimum of 400 mm and shall be fixed to the top panel with four nails or three screws. Alternatively the battens in adjacent floors may be butted and a splicing batten extending a minimum of 400 mm overlap of both top and bottom panels is nailed to each with four nails or screws.
8-5
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.1 - Batten fixings
8-6
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.2(A) - Panels as loadbearing walls
SECTION 8 - WALLS
A single or top storey - Sheet roof

Batten sizes of maximum wall height of: 2.4 (m) Wind classification Truss span (m) At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 6 N3 9 12 6 N2 9 12 6 N1 9 12 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 600 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 2.7 (m) At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 600 75x50 75x50 75x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 3.0 (m) At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 600 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 75x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
Internal walls
No battens required
8-7
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.2(B) - Panels as loadbearing walls
SECTION 8 - WALLS
B single or top storey - Tile roof

Batten sizes of maximum wall height of:
Wind classification
Truss span (m)
2.4 (m)
At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 600 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
2.7 (m)
At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 600 75x50 75x50 75x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
3.0 (m)
6 N3 9 12 6 N2 9 12 6 N1 9 12
50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
Internal No battens required walls
8-8
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.2(C) - Panels as loadbearing walls
SECTION 8 - WALLS
C Lower of two storeys or subfloor beneath one storey

Batten sizes of maximum wall height of:
Wind classification
Truss span (m)
2.4 (m)
At a maximum batten spacing (mm) of: 400 600 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
2.7 (m)
3.0 (m)
6 N3 9 12 6 N2 9 12 6 N1 9 12
50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50 50x50
No battens required Internal walls Walls running 2.4 m or more between intersecting (stiffening) walls to be 2 x 36 mm thick
8-9
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 8.6 Lintels Table 8.3 shows the maximum lintel spans that may be used for various Triboard lintel types and depths. 8.6.1 Lintel Support Walls Lintels may be butt jointed to the adjacent wall panels provided the construction is to the appropriate detail in Figure 8.2. Panels supporting lintels shall have a length no less than 600 mm or 200mm when fixed to another panel at right angles, as shown below. The fasteners shall be 60 x 3.15 mm flat head galvanised nails. For construction at the gable end of a sheet roof building, with maximum overhang of 600 mm and truss span not exceeding 8 m, corner lintels shall be constructed to comply with Figure 8.3. For construction outside this scope, the corner lintels shall be specifically designed.
SECTION 8 - WALLS
8.7 Floor Joist Moisture Content

If an upper floor joist is placed wet, it will shrink up to 8 mm as it dries. This will create gaps at the floor level. To limit this effect, overlapping battens must not be fixed until the moisture content of the upper floor joist is less than 18%.
8-10
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.3 - Triboard lintels supporting roof only, minimum 15o roof pitch
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Maximum span (m) for lintel sizes (mm) listed below Truss Span (m) Single thickness Separate lintel 200 6 Sheet roof 8 10 12 6 Tile roof 8 10 12 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 300 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 400 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 Integral lintel 200 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 300 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 400 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8 Double thickness Separate lintel 200 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 300 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 400 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.2 Integral lintel 200 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 300 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 400 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1
For roof pitch less than 15 in Wind Classifications N2 and N3, uplift strength must be checked using AS 4055 For lintels supporting a gable end truss read off the table above for a truss span of 6m.
8-11
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.4 - Triboard lintels supporting roof, wall and floor
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Maximum span (m) for lintel sizes (mm) listed below Truss Span (m) Single thickness Separate lintel 200 Sheet roof Light wall Tile Roof Light wall 6 8 10 12 6 8 10 12 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 300 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 400 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 Integral lintel 200 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 300 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.1 400 2.9 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.5 Double thickness Separate lintel 200 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 300 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 400 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 Integral lintel 200 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 300 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 400 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6
8-12
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.5 - Triboard lintels supporting floor only
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Maximum span (m) for lintel sizes (mm) listed below Truss Span (m) Single thickness Separate lintel 200 6 9 12
1.1 0.9 0.8
Double thickness Separate lintel 200

1.3 1.2 1.1
Integral lintel 200

1.4 1.1 1.0
Integral lintel 200

1.8 1.6 1.5
300
1.5 1.3 1.2
400
1.8 1.7 1.6
300
2.1 1.7 1.5
400
2.8 2.3 2.0
300
1.8 1.6 1.5
400
2.2 2.0 1.8
300
2.4 2.2 2.0
400
3.0 2.7 2.5
8-13
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Table 8.6 - Triboard lintels over garage openings (Steel flitch option)
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Maximum span for lintel sizes listed below (m) Double thickness, Separate lintel of depth (mm) Truss Span (m) 200
Steel flitch
200x3 200x6
300
Steel flitch
300x10
400
Steel flitch
400x3 400x6 400x10
200x10 300x3 300x6
6 Sheet roof 8 10 12 6 Tile roof 8 10 12
2.9 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.0
3.4 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5
3.8 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8
3.9 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.9
4.6 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4
5.1 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.8
4.9 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.6
5.7 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.2
6.4 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.6 5.2 4.9 4.7
8-14
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.2 - Fixings for separate lintel 8-15
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.3- Corner lintels
8-16
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.4 - Wall to timber floor fixings 8-17
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.5 - Wall to concrete floor fixings 8-18
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.6 - Exterior wall to concrete floor anchor / tie down details
8-19
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Fig. 8.7 External wall set out - brick cladding
8-20
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.8Special fixings (Interior wall to floor)
8-21
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.9Floor Finishing
8-22
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.10 - Corner wall fixings
8-23
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.11 - Wall tee intersection fixings
Figure 8.12 - Exterior wall butt joint
8-24
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.13 - Interior wall butt joint 8-25
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.14 - Factory glued butt joint
8-26
SECTION 8 - WALLS
Figure 8.15 - Interior wall movement butt joint
8-27
9
SECTION 9
ROOF
9.1 Roof gables 9.2 Roof truss connections to walls Figures 9.1 9.2 Roof gables ....................... 9-2 Roof truss connection to walls ............. 9-2
1
9-1
SECTION 9 - ROOFS
9.1
Roof Gables
At gable ends, the wall battens must be extended to the top of the truss top chord and be nailed to the top chord with 2/75 x 3.15 diameter nails. Provided the batten spacing does not exceed 600mm this fixing is adequate to resist uplift wind force at the gable end for wind zones N1, N2 and N3. The battens must be fixed to the wall with at least two nails or screws as per Table 8.1.
9.2
Roof Truss Connections to Walls
Trusses must be fixed to the exterior walls as shown in Figure 9.2. Fasteners must be at least 12mm from the ends of the Triboard walls. The details shown are adequate for wind uplifts for truss spans up to 12m and truss spacings up to 900mm. Outside this range uplift forces shall be subject to a specific design. Refer to Figure 8.3 for connection of walls to trusses at corner lintels.
9-2
SECTION 9 - ROOFS
Figure 9.1 -Gable end wall fixings options
Figure 9.2 Truss to Wall fixings 9-3
10
SECTION 10
THE BUILDING ENVELOPE

10.1 Exterior wall coverings ........................ 10.2 Ventilation ............................................ 10.3 Electrical ............................................... 10.4 Plumbing ............................................... 10.5 Thermal insulation Requirements ...... 10.6 R Values for Typical Construction ..... Figures 10.3.1 Electrical Services ............................ 10.3.2 Electric cable routing . 10.4 Table 1 State of Victoria Minimum R values . 10.5 Total wall R-values for Triboard in combination with common cladding materials 10-2 10-2 10-2 10-2 10-5 10-5
10-3 10.4 10.6
10.7
10-1
SECTION 10-ENVELOPE-ROOF AND WALL CLADDING
10.1 Exterior wall coverings

10.1.1 Roof and wall cladding
Any of the roof and wall cladding systems which satisfy AS 1684.2 may be used. 10.1.2 Installation of external joinery Install windows and doors to provide a suitable watertight seal between the cladding and the perimeter of the frame in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Details which allow water to contact the Triboard or which rely on sealant for waterproofing are not permitted. All cladding systems must include a sarking membrane which is fixed to the outside face of the battens.
10.2 Ventilation
As TRIBOARD panel houses have very low air leakage it is necessary to provide a small amount of permanent ventilation to prevent mould growth and the possibility of an accumulation of moisture. Ventilation requirements for housing are specified in Part 3.8.5 of Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia. Triboard is made using a low formaldehyde resin and meets the Australia/New Zealand E1 standard for formaldehyde content. As the panels are painted the emission from the surfaces is further reduced. In practice the ventilation required to prevent dampness and mould growth is ample to prevent any accumulation of formaldehyde.
10.3 Electrical
Grooves and ducts to accommodate electrical wiring may be cut at the factory or on site. Typical details are shown in Fig 10.3. Vertical grooves are recommended as horizontal or diagonal grooves can weaken the panel.
10.4 Plumbing
Plumbing and drainage pipe work is normally accommodated in each fitting and connected from the floor. Pipes may also be accommodated between battens on external wall.
10-2
SECTION 10 - ENVELOPE-ROOF AND WALL CLADDING
Figure 10.3.1 - Electrical services in panels 10-3
Figure 10.3.2
Electric Cable routing
10-4
10.5 Thermal insulation Requirements There are specific performance requirements in Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia for residential dwellings to ensure energy efficiency in three states, Australia Capital Territory, Victoria and South Australia. Where a house energy rating is required, this must be established for a specific house design based on advice from a practitioner approved by the relevant state Authority for energy rating consultancy. 10.5.1 Australia Capital Territory (BCA Appendix A ACT 5.2.1 Amendment 11) A new dwelling must achieve an ACT House Energy Rating of 4 stars. In the case of an addition to an existing building, the minimum R value for an external wall shall be R1.5. 10.5.2 South Australia (BCA Appendix A SA 2.2 Amendment 10) A new dwelling must achieve a house energy rating of at least 4 stars when assessed with the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) 10.5.3 Victoria (BCA Appendix A Vic 1.2.3 Amendment 10) In Victoria residential dwellings must achieve a house energy rating of 3 stars and meet the minimum insulation requirements for walls for options A or B in Figure 10.4. R values for common building elements for assessment against these requirements are given in Vic Table 2 section Vic 1.2.3, Appendix A Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia.
10.6 R Values for Typical Construction

10.6.1 Floors Total R Values for typical floor construction are given in Vic Table 2 Section Vic 1.2.3, Appendix A, Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia. 10.6.2 Walls Total R Values for typical wall construction using Triboard can be calculated from Figure 10.5 for varying cavity insulation R values. If reflective foil is used in the cavity in place of bulk insulation the total wall R-value is equivalent to 0.5m2C/W per reflective cavity. The R value for 36 mm Triboard is 0.35m2C/W. 10.6.3 Ceilings The total R values for typical roof construction using bulk insulation in combination with Triboard or plasterboard ceilings can be derived by adding 0.15 m2C/W to the bulk insulation R value. The R value for an 18 mm Triboard ceiling panel is 0.15 .
10-5
SECTION 10- ENVELOPE-ROOF AND WALL CLADDING
Figure 10.4 Table 1 State of Victoria Minimum R value requirements
10-6
Total Wall R Value
Figure 10.5 Total wall R values for Triboard in combination with common cladding materials.
10-7
11
SECTION 11
INTERIOR LININGS
11.1 Stopping of joints between panels ....... 11-2 11.2 Wall lining in wet areas ....................... 11-3
Figures 11.1 Butt joint stopping ................................. 11-2 11.2 Vee butt joint .......................................... 11-2
11-1
SECTION 11 - INTERIOR LININGS
11.1 Stopping of joints between panels

Joints between panels must be firmly fixed using one of the joint details shown in this manual. Joints may be stopped using normal plasterboard stopping materials as follows: Both sheet edges bevelled 3 mm deep x 50 - 75 wide, bevels not painted Use bedding compound to fix paper tape (NOT glass tape) Finish with finishing compound Stop ceiling panels similarly The board must be dry or the stopping will crack as the board dries. If the board has been wet use a moisture meter before stopping. Do not stop the joint until the moisture content is 10% or less . Joint cracking is minimised by Keeping the panels dry. If they are soaked wet allow them to dry. As a guide allow 1 week drying per day of soaking. Using sufficient movement joints.
Figure 11.1 - Butt joint stopping
Figure 11.2 - Vee butt joint 11-2
11.2 Wall lining in wet areas

All Triboard surfaces in areas likely to be wetted on a regular basis are to be protected from moisture by fitting a separate wall lining material designed and detailed for that purpose. To protect the structure of the building and to maintain the amenity for the occupants, water must be prevented from penetrating behind fittings and linings or into concealed spaces of sanitary facilities, bathrooms, laundries and the like. 11.2.1 Wet Areas The following is taken from Part 3.8.1 of Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia. The following wall areas must be protected against water in accordance with 11.2.211.2.4. (a) Walls including corner junctions (I) within an enclosed shower; or (ii) where the shower is not an enclosed shower, within 1.5 m of the shower fitting, to a height of 1.8m above the floor; and (iii) immediately adjacent or behind a wet area fixture (A) to a height not less than 150 mm above the fixture is within 75 mm of the wall; and (B) for the full width and/or breadth of the fixture Floor, wall and bench junctions must comply with the flooring: (i) The junction between the floor and wall (A) if the wall and floor are required to be protected and (B) in bathrooms containing showers. (ii) The junction between the wall and any bench top or horizontal surface containing a wet area fixture if the wall is required to be protected.
(b)
11.2.2 Materialsgeneral Materials used in wet area waterproofing and water resistant construction must be as follows: (a) Flashing angles must be waterproof and have dimensions n o t less than (i) for wall angles40 x 40 mm; and (ii) for floor angles25 mm above finished adjoining floor level x 50 mm. (b) Grout used for ceramic tiles must have suitable properties f o r the intended use based upon the workability, shrinkage, g e n e r a l adhesion and be one of the following grout types: (i) Cement based grout mix in accordance with the following: (A) Wall tilesgrout must be 1 part Portland cement based grout which is compressible (B) Floor tilesgrout must be 1 part Portland cement and 2-4 parts sand mixed with water to a stiff consistency. Up to 1/5 part lime may be added if additional workability is required. Other admixtures should only be used in accordance with suitable recommendations. 11-3
(c)
(ii) Proprietary cement based grout must be in accordance with the suitable recommendation for the type of tile proposed. Flexible sealants must be waterproof, neutral, self curing, flexible and mould resisting and must be compatible with the adjoining materials.
11.2.3 Protection of shower walls in wet areas Wet area walls as defined in 11.2.1(a) must (a) be water resistant, consisting of (i) smooth steel float finished concrete; or (ii) cement render not less than 10 mm thick with a hard smooth finish; or (iii) terrazzo; or (iv) Pre-finished wall panels sealed with a flexible sealant at joints; or (b) consist of a water resistant lining suitably attached or adhered to a water resistant substrate with all joints sealed in accordance with 11.2.4 and (i) for the purpose of this clause, suitable water resistant wall substrates are (A) wet area plasterboard sheet; or (B) fibre cement sheet; or (C) masonry; and (ii) suitable water resistant wall linings are (A) ceramic tiles; or (B) slate; or (C) stone tiles; or (D) sheet vinyl with a thickness not less than 1 mm wear layer, fully bonded to the substrate, with joints welded or seam-sealed.
11.2.4 Sealing of wall and floor junctions and joints Wall, floor and bench junctions as defined in 11.2.1(b) and wall joints in wet areas must be sealed as follows: (a) Vertical wall junctions in shower areas must be (i) flashed; and (ii) where the flashing is above a shower tray or membrane, it must be lapped inside the shower tray or membrane not less than 25 mm (where possible); and The junction between the wall and shower or bath must be sealed with a flexible sealant. The junction between the wall and wet area fixtures or benches containing a wet area fixture must be sealed with a flexible sealant. Tap fittings in shower recesses must be sealed with flexible sealant or sealed with a waterproof flange. Finished wall and floor tile junctions must not be grouted, but sealed with a flexible sealant to create a flexible movement joint and the wall tiles must finish over the edge of the floor tiles.
(b) (c)
(d) (e)
For suitable details of these junctions refer to deemed to satisfy solutions shown in Figures 3.8.1.6 to 3.8.1.11, Volume 2 of the Building Code of Australia (BCA96).
11-4
12
SECTION 12
CEILINGS
12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 18 mm Triboard ceiling ..........................12-2 Plasterboard ceiling .........................12-2 Downlights ............................................12-2 Movement joints ...................................12-2
Figures 12.1 12.2 Triboard ceiling to wall joints ..............12-3 Triboard ceiling movement joints .......12-4
12.3A Junction of Plasterboard ceiling and exterior Triboard wall at Truss location .....12-4 12.3B Junction of Plasterboard ceiling and exterior Triboard wall at truss location.12-5 12.4 Ceiling to truss fixings ...12-5
1
12-1
SECTION 12 - CEILINGS
12
CEILINGS
12.1 18 mm Triboard ceiling Where 18 mm Triboard ceiling is used it must be connected to the walls as per Figure 12.1A or 12.1B. The ceiling is connected to the truss with cleats at a maximum of 600mm centres as shown in Figure 12.4.
12.2 Plasterboard ceiling A conventional plasterboard ceiling as per AS 1684.2-1999 may be used. In this case the distances between bracing lines must be a maximum of 5m. At each interior and exterior wall, jointing strips as per Figure 12.3A or 12.3B must be used.
12.3 Downlights Ceiling downlights can cause considerable loss of thermal insulation if they penetrate the ceiling and allow hot air to escape. This can lead to increased heating costs or to condensation on the fittings. It is recommended that good quality downlight fittings are used. These fittings do not allow hot air to escape through the ceiling and the insulation can be installed right up to and over the fitting. A suitable fitting is the SD125.
12.4 Movement joints Seasonal movement will occur in board particularly in ceilings. Ceiling movement joints must be provided. Refer to Figure 12.1(C). It is recommended that movement joint spacing does not exceed 8m in buildings with a plan dimension greater than 12m.
12-2
Figure 12.1 - Triboard ceiling to wall joints
12-3
Figure 12.2 Triboard ceiling movement joints
Figure 12.3 A Junction of Plasterboard ceiling and exterior Triboard wall at truss location
12-4
Figure 12.3 B - Junction of plasterboard ceiling and exterior Triboard wall at truss location
Figure 12.4Ceiling to truss fixings
12-5
13
SECTION 13
INDUSTRY INFORMATION
13.1 Panel suppliers in Australia .......... 13-2 13.2 Triboard Consultants/Advisors ..... 13-3
1 13-1
SECTION 13 - INDUSTRY INFORMATION
13.1 PANEL SUPPLIERS IN AUSTRALIA

13.1.1 Panel Suppliers and Re-manufacturers Juken Nissho Ltd will distribute TTT Triboard via a Importer/ Wholesaler in Australia. The Importer/Wholesaler will in turn appoint and accredit Triboard re-manufacturers in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. Accredited re-manufacturers will process the Triboard construction panels to their customers requirements, in accordance with the procedures outlined in this design and construction manual. Please refer to www.triboard.com web site for information regarding these appointments. 13.1.2 Panel Manufacture In order to maintain a satisfactory standard of quality and to meet the Triboard re-manufacturers warranty requirements only panels manufactured by an accredited re-manufacturer may be used as building components. The tolerances for panel manufacture and erection are included in Section 2 of this manual. 13.1.3 Re-manufacturers Identification An approved Triboard label indicating the re-manufacturer name, address and the delivery date must be placed inside the hot water cupboard or similar space above the door. This is to identify the remanufacturer should the owner need a further contact for any reason regarding the work that was done.
13-2
TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 13.2 Triboard Consultants/Advisors Brown & Thomson Northland Ltd Northland New Zealand Contact: Dave Brierly Phone: +64 9 407 9332 Email: btnl@xtra.co.nz Gale, RF & Associates Ltd Auckland New Zealand Contact: Bob Gale Phone: +64 9 521 0364 Email: gale@iconz.co.nz Holmes Consulting Group Auckland New Zealand Contact: Warwick Banks Phone: +64 9 522 4596 Email: warwick@holmesgroup.com Loughnan Hall and Thompson Ltd Hastings New Zealand Contact: Tony Loughnan Phone: +64 6 876 6603 Email: tony.l@lht.co.nz North Arc Design - Associate Member Kaitaia New Zealand Contact: Michael Sloane Phone: +64 9 408 7401 Email: northarcdesign@xtra.co.nz Tay, Tony & Associates Ltd Auckland New Zealand Contact: Roger Yeoman Phone: +64 9 377 3093 Email: ttay@xtra.co.nz
SECTION 13 - INDUSTRY INFORMATION
TRIBOARD is manufactured in Kaitaia New Zealand by:
Auckland Headoffice PO Box: 1450 Auckland New Zealand Phone: +64 9 309 1750 Fax: +64 9 309 0326 Email: sales@triboard.co.nz www.triboard.com
13-3
INDEX
INDEX
Reference Section-Page
3-3
A
Alignment............................................... 3.3.5
B
Battens Fixings to wall................................ Figure 8.1 Fixings to boundary joist.................. ........ Figure 8.4 Bracing values......................................... Table 5.1 8-6 8-17 5-4
C
Camber Trussed roof ................................... 3.3.10 3-4 7-2
Cantilevered boundary joist fixings............. Figure 7.1 Ceiling Board ceiling ................................ Ceiling site butt joints................... Plaster board ceiling fixings............. Fixings to walls.............................. Fixings to truss....................................... Ceiling panels......................................... Corner lintels.......................................... Corner wall fixings...................................
2.1.2, 12.1 Figure 12.4 Figure 12.3a Figure 12.1 Figure 13.5 3.3.7 Figure 8.3 Figure 8.10
2-2,12-2 12-2 12-4 12-3 13-5 3-3 8-16 8-23
D
Density of Triboard................................... 2.1.1 Doubler Integral lintel with doubler................. 1.4 Separate lintel................. 1.4 2-2 1-4 1-5
E
Electrical services.................................... Figure 10.3 10-3
F
Formaldehyde emission........................... 10.2 10-2
G
Gable Gable end wall fixings....................... Figure 9.1 9-2 10-5 10-8, 9 10-7 10-6
Insulation................................................ Wall R values................................. Floor R values................................ Roof R values.................................
10.5 Table 10.6.2 Table 10.6.1 Table 10.4
14-1
INDEX
J
Joints Butt joints...................................... Factory glue joint........................... Movement butt joint......................... Figure 8.11-14 Figure 8.14 Figure 8.13 8-24-26 8-26 8-25
L
Lintels Corner lintels.................................. Integral lintel................................... Lintel Fixings . Separate lintel................................ Figure 8.3 1.4 Figure 2 1.4 8-16 1-4 8-15 1-4
M
Movement butt joint........................ Figure 8.13 8-25
O
Openings................................................ Figures 1,2 5-3
P
Paint...................................................... Plumbing................................................ Polystyrene EPS ................................... Polystyrene XPS .................................... 2.1.3 10.4 Table 10.6.2 Table 10.6.2 2-2 10-2 10-8 10-8
R
Reflective Foil......................................... Table 10.6.1 10-7
S
Specific Design fixings Exterior wall .................................. Interior wall .................................... Figure 8.6 Figure 8.8 8-19 8-21
T
Truss Truss to wall fixings......................... Figure 9.2 9-2
V
Ventilation.............................................. 10.2 10-2
W
Wall Fixings Wall to timber floor .................... ...... Wall to concrete floor...................... Wall plate Fixings to foundation walls............... Weather exposure................................... Figure 8.14 Figure 8.15 Figure 6.1,2 3.2 8-17 8-18 6-3,4 3-2
14-2

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Australia Triboard Construction Manual (Aug02)

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CONSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR AUSTRALIA

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 Exclusion of Liability

INTRODUCTION PAGE 3 4 5 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1

7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1

BUILDING ENVELOPE - WALLS AND ROOF

INTERIOR LININGS CEILINGS INDUSTRY INFORMATION INDEX

11-1 12-1 13-1 14-1

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

A BRIEF HISTORY DEVELOPMENT

SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETA-

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

1.2 Exclusion of Liability

1.3 Short Specification

1.4 Recommended Design Procedure

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

From Tables 8.2 find batten size and spacing

Wall bracing design Table 5.1

Draw truss layout Select Truss connections to walls as per Section 9.

Lintels check Section 8

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

Figure 1.2 - Buildings covered by this Manual 1-7

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

Figure 1.3 - Typical construction

Figure 1.4 Key to Tables and Charts

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION

Figure 1.5 - Key to details

Tables 2.1 Panel quality table............................... Figures 2.1 Straight cut...........................................

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

2.1 Safe work Practices

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

2.2 Panel tolerances

2.3 Panel Tolerances

2.4 Panel Painting

2.6 Remanufacturer Identification

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

Table 2.1 Panel quality table

PANEL QUALITY TABLE

Edges, grooves etc within 1mm 1.0 mm 0.5mm 0.5mm

Maximum difference Butt jointed panels Straight cuts -Deviation

Figure 2.1 - Straight cut

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002

SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Site Preparation Prior to erection check that:

3.2 Weather Exposure

3.3 Assembly of Components

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 3.3.2 Identification of Components

SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS

TRIBOARD MANUAL 2002 3.3.10 Trussed Roofs - Camber

SECTION 3 - SITE REQUIREMENTS

3.4 Maintenance Period