FIRST PUBLIC EXAMINATION Honour Moderations in Classics (Courses IA and IC)

PLATO, EUTHYPHRO AND MEN0

HILARY TERM 20 10
Monday 8 March, 9.30 am - 12.30 pm

Answer Question I and TWO others.

Marking scheme: Question 1, 10% of overall mark for each translation and for each commentary (total 50%); other questions, 25% each.

Do not turn over until told that you may do so.

1.

TRANSLATE and write critical comments on TWO of the following passages, of which (a) may not be one, and, WITHOUT TRANSLATING, write critical comments on a third, which may if you wish be (a).

K a i dhiyov ooc a p d ~ ~ p ~ ol va o v& , & ~ K ~ ~ T E 671 S , b ahriovos ipyov { o ~ i oi~pe/?&s v adlv~a rati~a &S +EL paeiiv. 7 6 8~ ~C V T O L (roe dah&s hPyw, &L Zdv pPv ~ c x a p ~ u p C v re$ a i?riunpar 70;s ~ E O h ~ ~ S y ~T cE v~ a aip d m t v ~ 6 x d p r v d re ~ ~ a8tiwv, i rati~'iur T& ~ ~ U L Q~ , aU+{EL i ~d ~ o i a t i ~ rotis a TC 5 iSiovs o i ~ o v s ~ a rd i K O L V ~T&Va d h ~ w vrd - S' (vavria T&V ~rxap~upCvw oior/?r6lj, v h 69 ~ a oiva~phrh i daavra i a i oiadhhvocv. CS2. ' H aohti pot S'd t9paXv7CPwY, & E 6 8 t i $ p ~ v ,ri 6pobhov, rlars 6v 76 ~~$dlI\acov &v ?jphrwv* &hhh ydp 06 C apd8vpds pr rl GeSci~ac-S$hos E L ~ aydp i vvri 6ine~SIj <aa a6~@ $o8a, oia~~pciaov. 6 E; o i ~ ~ ~ p i viuav&s a), hv $G7 aapd ooti njv d u e d ~ r a Zprpa8tj~7.
Only a while ago I told you, Socrates, that it was too great a task to learn with accuracy what all these things are. However, let me tell you this without further ado: if one knows how to say and do things gratifying to the gods in prayer and in sacrifice, this is what's holy, and such conduct is the salvation not only of private households but also of the public well-being of cities. And the opposite of what is gratifying is impious, and turns everything upside down, and wrecks it. S O C R A T E S : YOUcould have told me the principal thing I asked for in far fewer words, Euthyphro. The trouble is, you're not really trying to teach me - it's obvious. Even now you turned aside when you were on the point of giving the answer, by which I could have learnt well enough from you what holiness is.
EUTHYPHRO:

Eye.

(PLATO, Euthyphro 14a11-c3)

2 . Ei otv cinov pm& r a h w " T o i k o rolvvv pot C a4rb ein4, 2 M4~wv. 046lv G~a+dpovu~v &iL ra4rdv claiv Gnaaa~,ri r o h o +as c7va~;" cixcs Grj?rov &v rl p r cinciv; 5 MEN. 'Eyoyc. X L . O h o 63 ral rep1 TGV &pcrGv. K&V 1 ?roAAai ~ a i ~avro6anaiciriv, & yd ri 760~r a 6 ~ 6 v&iraaal +ovarv 82 8 cluiv &feral, cis 8 raAGs nov 8xei &nophi$avra rbv ~~o~~ivdpc T@ v oe?por$uav~t v irtcivo GqAGuai, 8 m y ~ & v c t d otaa &pcrl]- ; i 06 pav0aivas &L Adyo; MEN. AorG y6 poi pav0dv~iv- Oi) pdvroi (Ss po6Aopai yi m KariXo T A ipordpcvov. XL. ITdrcpov 62 nepi &pcr$s pdvov aoi o&w Bore?, & 5 Mdvwv, &Mv plv &v6pbs civat, &M7 81. yvvatrbs ~ a TGV i liMov, 4, rai ncpl 6y~cias ~ a ?rep> l pcyi8ovs ral ncpl t q 6 o s Lua6ros;
(PLATO, Meno 72~1-d7) (c)

ZSL. adpc 84, ncipdpcBd uoi ctncb rl 2 m v urdnei otv ci rd8c & n o S ~ x ah ~ A ctvai. 80-r~y&p 6ij i p i v 1 0 roirro q i j p a , 8 pdvov rLiv o'vmv ruy~aivci xpdpari dci 2irdpwov. iravGs COL, ij & M o s TOS (iir~is;i y i , y2p r&v C oGros &yan4qv c Z p r &pcr$v etnois. MEN. ' A M & roirrd yr c8q8cs, 2 Zd~parcs. 2 . IIGs Adycs; MEN. 'Or1 qijp& no6 Z ~ L V K~T& r6v u6v Adyov 8 &cl 5 X$$ gnma~. c7e.u. l l2 8$ Gjv wdav ris p$ +aiq c16iva~, U & cjua6ros & H O ~ ;&u?rcp ~ c p roir i q ~ p a ~ orsj ,$v O ~ ) C L U01 & ~ T O K E K P ~ U ~ ~ L ; E a . TMqBij 8yoyc. ~ a cl i pdv yc r d v ao+Gv ris cZq ral 2 p ~ m i ~ L ire v ~ a & l y o v ~ m ~ ~6 L iipdpcvos, v clno~p' &v d a6r+ h i " ' E p l p'n, cimrai* ci l2 p$ 6p0Gs Aiyo, uhv 8pyov Aap@bciv Adyov ~ a e?A&yxcrv." i ci 81. & m e p i y d T E tcal 0-h vvvl +lAo~ 6mcs jIo6Aoiwo dhh4Aois 6tahiycuBat, 6cZ 64 ?rpqdrcpdv m s ~ a 8~ahc~rir&rcpov i d~o~plvc~eac.
(PLATO, Meno 75bS-d4)

TURN OVER
ACLA 4162

XL. O~KOCV o-vpPaivei i f 6 v 0-h irpohoyeis, rb perk

n p h n p , roCro 6pe~Gv~ T v a r r$v yhp 6i~aioov'vqvpdpiov 46s &perijs eTvai, ixal &aura 7 0 6 ~ ~~l ~ 0. 5 ~ 8ij T O ~ T O hCyC0; 8 ~ 1 2 ~ 0 6~ ~ $ & T o 6A s 0~ cixeiv 'r;lv &pq'v, a6'r;lv p& noMoC 8eis eineiv 8ri i m i v , n&uau 61 $39 np&fiu cEper;lv eTvai, ihvnep prrh popiov C ciperijs ?rpArrqrai, Bunep eipq~&s &L &per4 i m i v rb 8Aov ~ a ij6q i yvwuophvov ipoc, ~ a Mv i 04 ~ a r a ~ e p p a ra6rjlv i~~s ~arh pdpia. Geirai o h uoi nhhiv i f kpxijs, &S Zpoi ~ O K E ; , rijs a6rijs iporrjueos, 2 4iAe MCvov, ri i m i v bperij, ei 5 per& popiov &pc+ n&ua np&&s &per;]&v eir]; roCr0 ydp Zmiv hiyeiv, &W him ris, 8 ~ 1 n&ua ij per& 6i~a~oav'vr]s a f i f i s &per4 i a i v . 06 ~ O K Cuoi ~ n h i v 6eiuBai ri)s airrijs Zporrjueos, MA' o k i rivh ci6iva~pdpiov cipeGs &L i m l v , a 6 4 v p$ d 6 6 ~ a ;
&L &V

5 popiov & p c e s nphrreiv

(PLATO, Meno 79b4-c9)

(e)

%. 'Evvocis a5,

2 MCuou, 05

2mw $67 P a 6 i [ o ~O*Be

ro6 bvapipvlju~eu8ai;671 TA p1v .rrpGrov 56ci p1v 06, +is 2mlv ij TOC d~rdn060sX O ~ ~ O ypapprj, V dunep 0661 VCV T O 5 o8cv, MA' 057 4erd y' a q v rdre cE6dvai, ~ a OappaAhos i &ne~plvtccro &S ai6ds, ~ a o6x l $ Y ~ T O&?rope?v. vzv 81 7jyckai bnopeiv $6q, ~ a &unap i O ~ K oacv, 046' oierai ri6bvai. b M E N . 'AAqOij ACyeis. xfi. 0 6 ~ 0 6 ~ Phhriou zxei ~ p rb t +ypa 8 O ~ K @l; M E N . Kai ro%d poi 8o~ei. 5 Q . 'Anopciv ozv a6rbv ~oirjaavrcs~ a uap~&v l danap 4 udptq, pGv ri 2/3Ad$apev; MEN. 0 6 gpoiye ~ 6o~ei. Q . ITpo6pyov yoCv ri nenoirj~apcv,&S Zoi~e,71;0&s rb 10 Z(cvpe;v 6 q Zxer- VCV phv yhp ~ a [l~ ] T T ~ U C L Bv ~ V lj6iws o 6 ~ ei&ds, rdre 62 ig6iws &v ~ a npbs i noMo&s ~ a xohhci~is l c GET' hv c5 Ahyeiv nepi TOC 6i~Aaoiov xophv, &S 6eT 6inAauiav 4 v ypapp$v i x c ~ v prj~ci.
(PLATO, Meno 84a3-c2)

ACLA 4162

AN. Kai rodrovs Zymyc &&G ?rap&rGv ?rporlpmv paOcZv, oirrov K~AGU ~&yaOGv- 06 8oxoGol aoc d o i xai byaOoi ycyovbai i v $ 6 ~$ ?rdAci 6v8pcs; X A . 'Epoiyc, % *Avvre, kai civac 6oxoGuiv bOd8c dyaeoi 5 r h ToA~T~KCE, xai ycyovlvai &L 06x ijrrov civac- &AA& 1.16, tcai 8c8du~aAoc &yaBoi ycydvaacv r i j s a6rGv &pcrijs; 7020 ydP ZUTLV zcpl 05 6 Adyos ;lpb r u y ~ d v c i &v. O ~ ci K ciulv &yaOoi 1-116 ~ 8 ~ lvOd6c, cs 068' cl ycydvaaiv i v T$ ?rpdu8cv, MA' ci 6c6a~rdvi m w &per;l rdAai u~o?roiipcv. b roiko 62 aro?roirvrcs rd8c axo?roirptv, iipa oi LyaOoi 6v8prs xai rGv virv ~ a TGV i ?rpordpmv r a d r ~ v Tj/v &pcr;Iv$v a h o i hya8oi quav $rlo-ravro ~ a 6 i M y .rrapa6oirvac, 4 06 rapa8orbv r o h o &Opdrq, oG62 mpaXq?rrhv & A y rap' aiXAov. 5 TO&' Zmcv 8 zdrhac (I+$EV 2yA T E xal Mlvmv.

(PLATO, Meno 93a2-b6)

TURN OVER

'The holy gets approved for the reason that it's holy, but it's not because it gets approved that it's holy' (Euthyphro 10e). Discuss. Is Socrates right to look for a unified definition of virtue? In what sense does Socrates think that it is not possible to desire bad things? Is he correct? 'Socrates is really concerned with a problem of discovery rather than with inquiry' (D. SCOTT). Discuss. Is Socrates' theory of recollection necessarily committed to the pre-existence of the soul? How might fiuther questioning turn the slave-boy's true belief into knowledge? Does the Meno give good reason for t h i n g that knowledge is not necesssuy for virtue?

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