PIC Peripheral Interface Controllers

CCP and ECCP programming

Amit Kulkarni

Objectives

CCP/ECCP/PWM Modules
CCP: compare/capture module ECCP: Enhanced CCP PWM: Pulse width module Depending upon the family PIC18 may have 0 to 5 CCP modules. PWM is the feature of CCP CCP are enhanced in the recent years and are termed as ECCP

Number of CCP modules

Depends on the PIC family A given family member can have 2 standard CCP modules and 1 or more ECCPs. Following table lists the various CCPs and ECCPs:

CCP programming
PIC18 timers are used as follows:

Usage of timers is different for different CCP features. T3CON register is used to chose the timer for CCP modes.

CCP registers
Each CCP has three registers associated with it. CCPxCON: 8-bit control register CCPRxL and CCPRxH: Can be used as
low and high byte of 16-bit register 16-bit compare register 16-bit capture resigter 8-bit duty cycle register by PWM. ** but not all at the same time.

CCPxCON register

CCPxCON register contd..

CCPR1H and CCPR1L: data register

CCP1 high and low byte registers

low and high byte of 16-bit register 16-bit compare register 16-bit capture register 8-bit duty cycle register by PWM.

CCP pins: PIC18F4520 has 2 CCPs

Interaction for timer resources

Compare mode programming

This mode can be selected using the select bit of CCPxCON register. This mode can cause an event out side the controller such as turning on the device connected to CCP pin, or starting the ADC conversion. This happens when the TMR1 or TMR3 values matches with the CCPR1H and CCPR1L

Compare mode programming

In Compare mode, the 16-bit CCPRx register value is constantly compared against either the TMR1 or TMR3 register pair value. When a match occurs, the CCPx pin can be:

driven high driven low toggled (high-to-low or low-to-high) remain unchanged (that is, reflects the state of the I/O latch)

Compare mode programming

Notice for the above first 3 options CCP pin must be configured as an output. Once the match is detected the CCP1IF bit of PIR1 register is set. T3CON register is used to select TMR1 and TMR3.

T3CON register

T3CON register

Example

Compare mode steps for programming

Program 15-1

Capture mode programming

In Capture mode, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 or TMR3 registers when an event occurs on the corresponding CCPx pin. An event is defined as one of the following:

every falling edge every rising edge every 4th rising edge every 16th rising edge

Capture mode programming

The event is selected by the mode select bits, CCPxM3:CCPxM0 (CCPxCON<3:0>). When a capture is made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCPxIF, is set; It must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs before the value in register CCPRx is read, the old captured value is overwritten by the new captured value.

PIR1 register

PIR1 register

Steps for capture mode programming

Program 15-2

Compare mode operation

PWM
PWM: Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulseduration modulation(PDM), is a modulation technique that conforms the width of the pulse, formally the pulse duration, based on modulator signal information. Its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors.

PWM mode
Allows us to create pulses with variable widths. In Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCPx pin produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since the CCP2 pin is multiplexed with a PORTB or PORTC data latch, the appropriate TRIS bit must be cleared to make the CCP2 pin an output.

The period of PWM

The CCP module uses Timer2 and its associated registers, PR2 for PWM time base. PR2 register is used to set the period of PWM. Tosc=1/Fosc, N=pre-scaler(1,4 or 16)

The period of PWM

PWM duty cycle

Duty cycle of PWM is the period of the pulse for which it stays high relative to entire period. To set the duty cycle CCP module uses 10bit register of DC1B9:DC1B0. Upper 8-bits come from CCPR1L and remaining lower 2 bits come from CCP1CON register.

Set-up for PWM