bi - Li gii

2008

Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Phm Nam Long Phm Hi Minh L n Khu Ng Minh c Nguyn Honh Tin

http://vnoi.info Bin son: Ng Minh c

10/08/2008 v1.0

Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics 2008

Tng quan v ngy thi th nht

( 09 08 2008 ) Bi thi Tn bai Gii hn thi gian Tng s im
Bi 1 Gp tin 0.5s/test 100 Bi 2 M v tt 2s/test 100 Bi 3 Gii phng mt bng 3s/test 100

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Gp tin
M bi: NOTE Tc gi: Phm Nam Long

2008

LSM l c vn cao cp ca HAOI 2008 v c giao nhim v ra thi. Hn np bi ang n gn m LSM khng c mt tng no. Th k Lola thc gic ngy m cng thm khon tin bi thng nu khng hon thnh cng tc ng hn lm LSM ht sc lo lng. Trong lc tuyt vng, LSM v tnh gp i lin tip t tin 100$ trc mt. Khi m t tin ra, trong tay LSM l t giy bc c cc vt gp ln xung. t nhin, mt tng le sng: nu c cch no xc nh c np gp th p tnh t tri sang phi ca t tin tin l ln hay xung, th y s l mt bi ton hay cho cc th sinh ca HAOI 2008. Hy gip LSM thot khi tnh th kh khn ny nh! T tin c hnh dng ch nht v lun c thc hin sao cho mp tri c gp ln mp phi. LSM thc hin gp nh vy f ln. Tuy nhin trong thc t, ti mt lc no ng tin s khng th gp c do qu dy, nhng chng ta b qua thc t ny v t tin vn c gp i chnh xc sau f ln.

D liu

Gm nhiu dng mi dng cha ng 2 s nguyn ngn cch nhau bi du cch f v p tng ng l s ln gp t tin v v tr np gp cn xc nh. (1 f 31. p tha mn khng vt qu s lng np gp c to ra sau f ln gp) D liu c kt thc bi 2 s 0 v khng yu cu in ra kt qu cho 2 s ny.

Kt qu
Vi mi dng tng ng vi d liu vo, in ra mt k t duy nht mi dng: U cho np gp ln trn v D cho np gp xung di.

V d
D liu 2 1 2 2 2 3 0 0 Kt qu U D D

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics 2008

Li gii
Xy dng hm isUp(f, p) cho bit vi f ln gp th np gp th p c phi l np gp ln hay khng. Nhn xt:

2^(f-1)

Nu p l np gp chnh gia, hay p = 2f-1 th isUp(f, p)=false (p lun l np gp xung). Nu p thuc na phi ca t giy, hay p > 2f-1 th isUp(f, p) = isUp(f-1, p-2f-1) (np gp p tng ng vi np gp p-2f-1 khi ch dng f-1 ln gp). Nu p thuc na tri ca t giy, hay p > 2f-1 th isUp(f, p)=not isUp(f-1, 2f-1-p) (np gp p tng ng vi np gp 2f-1-p khi ch dng f-1 ln gp, nhng trng thi ngc li).

Thi gian thc hin: O(f).

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

M v tt
M bi: KANDP Tc gi: Phm Hi Minh/L n Khu

2008

Trn mt bi c vua kch thc v hn c mt con m v mt con tt. V tr ca qun m l (Mx, My), v tr ca qun tt l (Tx, Ty), trong x l ch s dng v y l ch s ct. Qun m c quyn i theo 8 hng nh bn c vua chun. Qun tt ch c i mt hng l i xung di (t v tr (x, y) n v tr (x-1, y)). Hai qun c s di chuyn theo lt, xen k nhau. Khi mt qun c vo v tr ca qun c khc ang ng th qun c va di chuyn s thng. Bn bit v tr ban u ca hai qun c, qun c no i trc. Bn hy tnh xem qun m c kh nng thng khng v nu thng th n s phi i t nht l bao nhiu nc.

D liu

Dng th nht ghi hai s Mx, My. Dng th hai ghi hai s Tx, Ty. Dng th ba ghi 0/1 ng vi qun m i trc hoc qun tt i trc.

Kt qu

Dng th nht ghi YES/NO tng ng vi qun m c kh nng thng hoc khng c kh nng thng. Nu dng th nht l YES th dng th hai ghi s bc t nht.

Gii hn
Mx, My, Tx, Ty l cc s nguyn c tr tuyt i nh hn hoc bng 1000. Trong 50% s test, Mx, My, Tx, Ty c tr tuyt i nh hn hoc bng 50.

V d
D liu 0 0 0 3 0 Kt qu YES 2

Gii thch
hnh v bn di, ch K th hin v tr qun m, ch P th hin v tr qun tt.

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics 2008

Li gii:
Nhn xt: do ta quan tm n vic m n tt nn bc i cui cng phi l ca m. Xt trng hp tt i trc. Mi bc tt di chuyn theo vector (-1, 0) cn m di chuyn theo vector (x, y) trong x2+y2=5. Ta c th coi nh tt ng yn (di chuyn theo vector (0, 0)) cn m di chuyn theo vector (x+1, y). Bng cch BFS t v tr ban u ca m, ta s tm c s bc i ngn nht n v tr tt ng. Trong trng hp m i trc, ta cn duyt trc mt bc i bnh thng ca m (8 hng). Sau vi mi bc i, BFS nh trn tm s bc ngn nht n v tr ca tt.

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Gii phng mt bng

M bi: GPMB Tc gi: Ng Minh c

2008

Chnh quyn thnh ph KN ang tin hnh m thm mt tuyn ng mi trong thnh ph. Chnh quyn c bn ta ca N h dn trong khu vc tuyn ng c th i qua. Tuyn ng l mt ng thng i qua ta cc h dn. Cc h dn c nh s t 1 n N; h dn th i c din tch s dng l si (m2). Nu tuyn ng i ngang qua h dn th i, chnh quyn cn phi n b cho h dn ny si2+5 (ng) tin gii phng mt bng. Hi chnh quyn cn phi n b nhiu nht bao nhiu tin khi xy dng tuyn ng?

D liu

Dng 1: mt s nguyn N l s h dn (1 N 1500). Dng th i trong N dng tip theo cha 3 s nguyn xi, yi, si cho bit ta v din tch ca h dn th i (-50 xi, yi 50, 30 si 500).

Kt qu
In ra mt s duy nht l s tin nhiu nht chnh quyn phi n b khi xy dng tuyn ng.

V d
D liu 5 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 0 1 5 1 0 3 Kt qu 51

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Li gii:

2008

Pht biu li bi ton: Cho n im trn mt phng, im th i c trng s l si2 + 5 (vi cc si cho trc). Trng s ca mt ng thng l tng trng s ca cc im thuc ng thng . bi yu cu tm ng thng c trng s ln nht. Nhn xt: ng thng c trng ln nht lun i qua t nht 2 im trong n im cho. Xt cc ng thng i qua im th i. Ta sp xp cc im j cn li theo phng i vi im i, bng cch s dng v so snh cc vector ch phng (x[j] - x[i], y[j] - y[i]). Sau khi sp xp, mi on vector ch phng bng nhau cho ta mt ng thng i qua im i. Cng tt c trng s cc im trong on thu c trng s ca ng thng v so snh vi kt qu. Thi gian thc hin: O(n2logn).

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics 2008

Tng quan v ngy thi th hai

( 10 08 2008 )

Bi thi Tn bai Gii hn thi gian Tng s im

Bi 4

Bi 5

Bi 6

HAOI6000
1s/test 100

Rp chiu phim
1s/test 100

Rc uc Olympic
3s/test 100

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics 2008

HAOI 6000
M bi: HAOI6000 Tc gi: Nguyn Honh Tin
Ngy nay, khi internet tr nn v cng ph bin, cc cuc thi u c xu hng chuyn sang hnh thc thi on-line, va tit kim c chi ph, va thu ht c s lng ng o th sinh. HAOI (Hot Angel On the Internet tm dch l Thin thn xinh p trn mng) l mt cuc thi nh vy. Ging nh nhng cuc thi sc p bnh thng, HAOI cng bao gm cc vng thi ph: ti nng, tr tu, trang phc truyn thng Sau y l cu hi phn thi tr tu: Mt to nh hnh ch nht c chia thnh MxN vung nh. mi vung, ngi ta xy ng mt bc tng l mt trong hai ng cho ca . Yu cu tm ng i nhanh nht t mt pha Bc ti mt pha Nam ca to nh m khng c i ra ngoi to nh? Xt v d trong hnh v bn, c 3 ng i khc nhau. Trong , ng 1 v 3 l ngn nht vi di 10. Gi s bn gi ca bn ang tham gia HAOI. Bn hy lp trnh mt chng trnh gii quyt cu hi trn trong thi gian cho php gip c y.

D liu

Dng u tin l hai s M, N. MxN s t nhin tip theo (mi s cch nhau t nht mt khong trng) miu t trng thi cc bc tng cc (1,1), (1,2) (1,N), (2,1), (2,2) (M,N). S 0 nu bc tng ni nh tri trn vi phi di, s 1 nu bc tng ni nh tri di v phi trn ca vung.

Kt qu

In ra file HAOI.OUT hai s nguyn l di ng i ngn nht v s lng ng i c di nh vy. Trong trng hp khng c ng i no, in ra mt dng cha hai s 0 0.

Gii hn
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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

1 M, N 1000

2008

V d
D liu 5 5 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Kt qu 10 2

1 0 1 0 1

Li gii
Xy dng th mi nh tng ng vi mt na vung. Hai nh c cnh ni khi hai na vung tng ng k nhau v khng c tng ngn cch. V mi nh c bc khng qu 2 nn th ch cha cc di hoc cc vng nh hnh v:

V chng ta xut pht t mt nh pha ra ngoi nn ch i trn cc di m khng i vo vng. Thut ton l duyt: khi ta ng mt nh, xem nh no k vi n m cha c i n th i ti (lun c duy nht mt nh nh vy); bao gi i n mt nh nm ra pha Nam th cp nhp kt qu ti u.

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Rp chiu phim
M bi: CINEMA Tc gi: L n Khu

2008

Megastar l rp chiu phim ln v hin i nht H Ni. Rp chiu ny c mt phng chiu gm M hng gh, mi hng c N gh. c c v xem phim, bn c th t v qua mng. Mi yu cu t v c th t mt lc nhiu v. Hin ti, sau khi nhn c cc yu cu t v, rp s sp xp b tr ch ngi cho cc yu cu sao cho cc ch ngi ca mi yu cu l mt vng lin thng. Mt gh khng nm hng u, hng cui, ct tri nht, ct phi nht s c 4 gh pha trc, pha sau, pha tri v pha phi c coi l k vi n. Cng vic sp xp ch ngi ny hin ti c lm hon ton bng tay. Bn hy vit chng trnh sp xp ch ngi cho hp l nht.

D liu

Dng th nht ghi s M v N. Dng th hai ghi s K l s yu cu t v. Dng th ba ghi K s l s lng v mi yu cu t.

Kt qu

Ghi ra M dng, mi dng N s vi ngha gh dnh cho yu cu t v th i. Nu mt gh l trng th in ra 0.

Gii hn

1 M, N 1000. Tng s v yu cu khng vt qu M * N. Trong 40% s test, M N 100.

V d
D liu 5 4 3 4 5 9 Kt 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 qu 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 0 3 0

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Li gii
Bi ton ny c nhiu cch gii, tuy nhin c 1 cch lm n gin nh sau:

2008

Xt ln lt cc yu cu, vi dng 1, ta sp xp ch ngi t tri sang phi, vi dng 2, ta sp xp ch t phi sang tri, v.v... Cch ny s m bo cc ch ngi trong mi yu cu lun thuc mt min lin thng.

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

Rc uc Olympic
M bi: TORCH Tc gi: L n Khu

2008

Olympic Bc Kinh 2008 ang din ra v cng si ni v quyt lit. Ngay t lc ny, nhng nh t chc ca Olympic London 2012 tnh n k hoch cho l rc uc ca Olympic ln ti. H d nh s i qua N thnh ph. Mi thnh ph c ta (x, y) trn mt phng. K hoch ca l rc uc l ngn uc s bt u t thnh ph 1, i ln lt gia cc thnh ph khc mi thnh ph ng 1 ln ri quay tr li thnh ph 1. Bn hy tm mt hnh trnh tng ng i l nh nht.

D liu

Dng th nht ghi s N. N dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt cp s (x, y) l ta ca cc thnh ph

Kt qu

Dng u tin ghi di ca hnh trnh c ng i ngn nht m bn tm c vi t nht 3 ch s sau du phy. Dng th hai ghi N s bt u bng s 1 v tip theo l ln lt cc thnh ph trn hnh trnh.

Gii hn

1 N 100 Ta cc thnh ph c tr tuyt i khng qu 105.

V d
D liu 4 0 0 1 0 0 5 1 5 Kt qu 1 12.0000 1 2 4 3 Kt qu 2 20.1980 1 4 2 3 Kt qu 3 12.1980 1 2 3 4

Cch tnh im
Vi mi test, ban t chc c a ra mt p s ExpectedResult. Gi kt qu ca bn l Result.
Nu Result ExpectedResult bn s c 10 im. http://vnoi.info

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Hanoi-Amsterdam Olympiad in Informatics

2008 Nu ExpectedResult < Result < 1.5 ExpectedResult bn s c 9 1.5(Result ExpectedResult) / 25 Ngoi ra, bn s khng c im.

Vi test v d trn, vi ExpectedResult = 12, output 1 s c 10 im, output 2 s c 0 im, output 3 s c 7.997 im.

Li gii
y l mt bi ton thuc lp NP (khng c thut ton tt): tm chu trnh Hamilton trn th. Trong trng hp cc nh ca th l cc im trn mt phng v trng s cc cnh l khong cch, ta c mt cch lm cho kt qu kh tt nh sau. Dng phng php tm kim cc b (local search): ban u chn mt chu trnh no . Nu chu trnh c dng 1 ... u, v ... x, y ... 1 m uv ct xy th ta cp nht chu trnh mi l 1 ... u, x ... v, y ... 1. Chu trnh mi ny chc chn tt hn chu trnh c. C lp li bc "nng cp" kt qu ny cho n khi khng nng cp c na hoc vt qu gii hn thi gian cho php.

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