Basic principle of Indonesia foreign policy Incest during Indonesia revolution 1945-1950 Institution (Preamble) Whereas freedom is the

the in alienable rights of all nations: colonialism must be abolished in the world as it is not in conformity with humanity and justice (1st paragraph of preamble) To contribute to the establish meet of a world order based on freedom abiding peace and social justice (4th paragraph of the preamble) Independent and active foreign politic Vince president mohammad hattaa mengayuh diantara dua karang executive council of national committee center of Indonesia (BP KNIP, 2 September 1940) o Independent: To take decision on our own; not influenced by any other, parties o Active: to create peace in the world and to act friendly to all nations

Indonesian is not an object on international conflict Indonesian is a subject who was an absolute right For taking decision on her own and on her future for a comprehensive in independent such independence is the outcome of our confidence building measure

Chronology of the implementation of the Indonesian foreign policy Department of foreign affairs Established: 19 agustus 1945 Main duties: to disseminate the Indonesian independence to international community (through radio / board casting) Offices: cikini raya 80-82 (residence of a soebadjo) then moved to jl. Cilacap 4 and to pegansaan timur barat 36, Jakarta Soekarno hatta cabinet (2 sept 1945 -14 nov 1945) Minister of FA: Ahmad Subardjo Foreign policy: to fight the nether lands plan to once again occupy Indonesia, the Netherlands joined the allied forces to disarmed the Japanese and to free the paw

Syahrir cabinet: 14 nov 1945 12 march 1946 Minister of FA: sultan syahrir FP: to get recognition from other country on the Indonesian independence Syahrir cabinet II and III (12 march 1945 2 oct 1946), (2 oct 1946 27 June 1947) Minister of FA: H agus salim FP: 1. To get negotiation with the Netherlands/ the allied forces for the implement of peace and erase fire. 2. To get the facto recognition from international community (Egypt, other middle east country, 1947)

Lingga jati agreement (12 nov 1946) signed on (25 march 1997) Agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands in lingga jati (Cirebon) initiated by British: the Netherlands recognized the Indonesian authority in java and Sumatra the establishment of the union of Indonesian the Netherlands (the Netherlands, Indonesian and the eastern island of Indonesian) the establishment of federation: eastern island of Indonesia south Kalimantan and the greater east (Sulawesi, Moluccas. The smaller: Sunda, western Papua) Three state commissions/KTN good offices committee established by UNSC blamed the Netherlands for the ist military aggression against: Sumatra/ west java/ east java 21 July 1947 who tried to limit: Indonesia authority on in Jogjakarta/ central java Indonesia chose Australia the Netherlands chose Belgium, then Indonesia + the Netherlands chose the united states of America

Indonesia forgein policy during parliamentary democracy (1950-1959)

The opening of diplomatic relation Foreign embassies: in jakarta USA (dec, 30 1949) the netherlands (1950) united kingdom (1050) china (1950) Indonesian embassies: sudarsono/ new deihi (1947) usman sastro/ canberra (1949) subandrio/london (1949) ali sastro/washington (1950) palar/united nation (1950) nazir/paris (1950) Embassy: indonesian embassy to united kingdom Mission: indonesian mission to united kingdom. 1. Natsir goverment (sept 6, 1960- april 27, 1951) Forgein minister : mohammad roem Forgein policy : 1. Indonesian admitted ass the 60th member of the united nations (sept 28,1950) 2. solution on west irian: natsir has different opinion with sukarno natsir offered the netherlands an economic rights in west irian: while sukarno preferred to use force. Peace louis nations charter of the united nations 2. Sukiman government (april 27, 1951- april 3, 1952) Forgein minister : achmad suhardio Forgein policy : 1. To include west irian as soon as possible as part of the indonesian territory 2. mutual security act (MSA) between indonesia and the USA aborted since indonesian parliament did not approved it. 3. wilopo govt (april 3 1952- july 30 1953) Forgein minister : mukarto Forgein policy: 1. Independet and active FP based on national interest 2. establish union of indonesian the netherland 3. to include west iran into indonesian theritory as soon as posible Masyumi + PNI

4. the 1st ali sastromidjojo GC (july 30, 1953-agustust 12 1955) Forgein minister : sunaryo Forgein policy : 1. Initiator asia africa cont (april18_24_1955 in bandung) Ali sastro ( ind) neheru (india) M ali (pakistan) U Nu (burma) koteawala (sri langka) 20 states invloved outcome bandung ten principles 33 state in africa declared its independencec ( 1955-1955) 2. abolished indonesian netherland union 3. the return of W.iran in to indonesia 5. baharudin harahap government ( agustus 12-1955 march 24-1956) Forgein minister : A. Agung gede agung Forgein policy : 1. To continue claim west irian as part of indonesia 2. asia africa cooperation based on independent and active FP in direction to peace. 6. The 2nd ali sastroamidjojo government Forgein minister : rusian abdul gani Forgein policy: 1. Independent and active foreign policy 2. Asia africa coop to improvement all decisions of the confrence 3. Cancelled all rund table agreement 4. Sent 1st garuda (peace 7. Djuanda govt Forgein minister : subandrio Forgein policy: 1. Djuanda declaration 1957 (archipelagic state principles) frist submited to 2nd law of the sea conference geneva (1958) failed (Finally submitted to 3rd law of the sea confedence jamaica in 1962 sucesed) 2. Claim on west irian through a. The establishment of west iran provincie (agust 17 1956) b. The creation of the national fornt for liberation of west irian.

Indonesia foreign policy During guided democracy 1959-1965 1st action cabinet/ president soekarno (july 10, 1945 feb 18, 1960) Foreign minister: Subandrio Foreign policy: to continue fighting against economy imprealism and politic imperialism (west Iran) Foundation: Manipol: manses to politic (adopted GBHN) USDEK: U: UUD 1945 constitution S: sosialisme Indonesia (Indonesian socialism) D: demokrasi terpimpin (Guided democracy) E: ekonomi terpimpin (Guided Economic) K: Keperibadian Indonesia (Indonesian Identity) Manipol USDEK: GBHN (Tap MPR S NO 1/1960)

2nd action cabinet president soekarno (18 feb 1960 6 march 1962) Foreign minister: subandiro Foreign policy: to continue fighting against economic imperialism and politic imperialism (west Iran) Foundation: Break out of diplomatic relations with the Netherlands (17 agust 1960) President kenedy appointed Ellsworth bunker (USA diplomat) to middle ind neth on west iran bunker plan, march 1962, requesting the Netherlands accepted this plan. Ally? Strategic partner? President soekarno announced TRIKORA (three command for the people) 19 dec 1961 Aborting the establishment of the puppet west papua government Hangout the Indonesian flags in west irian General mobilization to defense the independence and integrity of the Indonesian lands and water.

Sending its garuda contingent (1960-1961) and 2nd garuda (1962-1963) to conggo Non alignment movement submits.

Dictator: soekarno (ind) Nasser (Egypt) Tito (Yugoslavia) Nebro (India) criteria for NAM: a policy of independence (love peace, non-committed) support national liberation front: not a party to any military pact. Number of country: president 25 country from Asia and Africa 3 observer country from Latin America Appear two wings of NAM: moderate group (Nehru/ India) and radical militant group (soekarno/ Indonesia) NAM Summit sent president soekarno to Washington and PM Nehto to belief on the outcome of the summit

There can his co-existence between independence, justice on one side and imperialism colonialism on the other side (soekarno) Co-existence: compromise

The third action cabinet/pres. Soekarno march 6- 1962- Nov 13 Foreign minister : Subadrio Foreign Policy: 1. To continue fighting against economic imperialism and politics imperialism 2. Agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands on west iran signed in the united nations New York august 15, 1962: West Iran 15 signed under the united nations temporary, executive authority (UNTEA), to replace the authority og the Netherlands 3. Beginning of Dec 31, 1962 indonesia flag hangouts besides the UN Flag 4. May 1 1963 officialy west irian include of part of Ind territory 5. Convene Pepera (penentuan pendapata rakyat) of Act of free choi for the people (jult 26 August to, 1968 the Indonesia people accepted that west irian is part of Indonesia (as one of the provinces) of republic of Indonesia 6. Ending the third of garuda contingent to kongo (dec

Ganefo and Conefo Nov-Nov 23, 1963 President Soekarnos initiative to cross country of new emerging force (NEFOS) namely the oppressed nations and the progressive-revolutionase nations. Against imperialism anf neo-collonoalism (vis--vis countries of the old emerging forces (old efos) Convened Ganefo (Games of New Emerging Forces) in jakrta (nov 1963) Policy of independence and active change to confrontative .

2nd Non Aligned Movement Summite (9150 oct 5-10 1964) Number of country present: 47 states (most of them are from Africa ) observer : 10 states from latin America initiator : Nasser (Egypt) Bandara Naike (sri langka) The struggle against imperialism in this present period of nation buildings is as imperative for us as the struggle for liberalization that led our national independence (soekarno) 1st action cabinet (nov 13 1963-august 27 1964) Dwikora cabinet (august 27 1964-feb 24, 1966) 100 ministers cabinet (feb 24, 1966-March 28 1966) Foreign minister; subadrio Foreign policy: Confrontation between ind-Malaysia (dwikora: Ganyang Malaysia ) Indonesia broke out diplomatic relation with malasia (17 Sep 1963) Strong reaction of Indonesia toward