The title: SUPPLY CHAIN AND QUALITY PROBLEMS IN DAIRY SECTOR Kind of presentation: Poster Related topic: Food

Quality and Safety, Food Chain Approach Authors name: Judit V ! ny Ph"# $ri!itta Katona # %&ni'a P&nus( Ph" )nstitution: $udapest Colle!e of %ana!ement, "epartment for $usiness %ana!ement *+mail: ,a!any-.udit/a,f-hu, 0or0ely-0ri!itta/a,f-hu, ponus(-moni'a/a,f-hu Problem statement "espite the fact that the !radual de,elopment of the 1uality of processed products for the last fe2 years has created an opportunity for the implementation of safe and !ood 1uality production # 0ased on harmonised *3 la2s # consumers ha,e more and more concerns and pay more attention to the 1uality of products4o2e,er !ood 1uality food can only 0e produced from !ood 1uality material5ur research concentrated on ra2 co2 mil' producin! farms- An important role 2as played in our topic selection 0y the opportunity o0tained to in,esti!ate dairy farms under a Ph" researchThe emphasis in this study 2ill 0e laid on small farms 6ha,in! 7+89 co2s:Jud!in! the role of small farms in 4un!ary is 1uite complicated: they represent only 7;-< percent in terms of mil' production 6Salamon et al, 899<: 2hich results in a si!nificant portion of analy(ers considerin! them as immaterial mar'et players, 0ut in terms of their num0er, they are 1uite considera0le players in the 4un!arian mil' sector- Accordin! to the fi!ures of the 4un!arian Central Statistical 5ffice 6KS4:, there are 8=,79> cattle farms in 4un!ary, the ?@-@; percent of 2hich ha,e ? co2s on a,era!e 6;-;A percent ha,e =@9 co2s:- These farms ha,e to face another pro0lem: due to their si(e, they cannot sell their mil' directly to the mil' processorsThus an intermediary enters the food chain here: the mil' collectin! dairy that 0uys up mil' from the farmers 2hich ma'es the sales easier 6in lar!er ,olumes:- 4o2e,er, a serious pro0lem should not 0e i!nored: mil' recei,ed from the farmers !oes into a common stora!e tan'- Conse1uently, this hetero!eneous mil' results in a poorer 1uality 2hich ma'es it more difficult to sell this mil' and to offer an ade1uate price to farmersThe 4un!arian mil' sector is in a uni1ue situation- Be 2ould li'e to sho2 some of the pro0lems affectin! the sectorObject !es This research aimed to find the ans2ers for the 1uestions as follo2s: Bhat are the most important factors that ha,e an effect on the competiti,eness of small dairy farms in 4un!aryC Bhat are the future perspecti,es of small ra2 mil' producin! farms in 4un!aryC Bhat is the process of mil' 1ualification in 4un!ary li'eC Bhat is the 1uality li'e at the different sta!es of the mil' product line C Proce"#res "urin! our study, primary and secondary data 2ere analy(ed- For secondary sources, the data of KS4, the 4un!arian "airy Association and the %inistry of A!riculture and Rural "e,elopment, as 2ell as research papers and studies dealin! 2ith the 4un!arian mil' sector 6Popp 6899<:, Salamon et al, 6899<:, S(Dcs et al, 6899<:, V ! ny 6899A: etc-: 2ere used, the distri0ution channels of product lane 6Salamon 6899?:, SalamonnE, 4us(ty A-6899;:, RE!er $- 6899>:,

P&nus( # Katona # V ! ny 6899?: etc-: 2ere used, 2hile 1uestionnaires and personal inter,ie2s 2ere made to ac1uire primary dataRes#lts $efore 2e sho2 our results 2e 2ould li'e to define our concept of 1uality, 0ecause our researches sho2 that there is no eFact definition for 1ualityThe definition for 1uality 0y Grunert et al- 6899=: 2as found the most appropriate- The definition says that there are 2ell+defina0le parameters for 1uality 2hich can 0e called Ho0.ecti,e 1ualityI50.ecti,e 1uality can 0e re!ulated, thus 1uality control aims to eFamine eFact parameters4o2e,er the decisions of consumers are not only affected 0y o0.ecti,e 1uality 0ut 0y Hsu0.ecti,e 1ualityI as 2ell 2hich # as Steen'amp 67??9: says # is 0ased on psycholo!ical factorsI$ Res#lts o% t&e '#est onna res an" (ersonal nter! e)s A questionnaire 2as used to o0tain primary information 2hile the participatin! farmers 2ere chosen 0y applyin! non+pro0a0ility samplin!- As a result, a Idefined small re!ionI 2as chosen for the in,esti!ations 2ith three mil' collectin! dairies in operation- The dairies ha,e 798 farmers as suppliers- These three mil' collectin! dairies are the suppliers of a lar!e mil' processin! dairy that produces cartoned mil', yo!urt, cotta!e cheese, sour cream and 'ephirAll 798 farmers filled in the 1uestionnaire 2ith the help of an inter,ie2er- The results can 0e considered representati,e for the a!!re!ation of farms- A further ad,anta!e of this method is that 799 percent of the participants fill in the form 2hich can hardly e,er 0e pro,ided 0y any other methodsThe 1uestionnaire 0oth included unstructured 6open: and structured 6closed: 1uestions- After the 1uestionnaire had 0een prepared a test 2as held to determine 2hether it 2as appropriate for the eFaminations or not- The results of the test sho2ed that it 2as necessary to modify the initial 1uestionnaireThe test clearly sho2ed that farmers 2ould only intend to ans2er the 1uestions if they do not ha,e to !i,e their name and address- That is 2hy this paper refers to Hsmall re!ionI instead of data on indi,idualsThe most important result can 0e summari(ed as follo2s: 7- The analysis of the ans2ers to 1uestionnaires sho2 that the most popular cattle 'ind in small farms is the 4un!arian spec'led co2 6=? per cent: 2hile the 4olstein+Friesian cattle is more popular 6<7 per cent: in farms that 'eep more co2s- The reason for the hi!her occurrence of the 4un!arian spec'led co2 in small farms # accordin! to the 1uestionnaire sur,ey # is the fact that althou!h it produces less mil' 60ein! a 'ind in dual utili(ation: it can 0e sold at a hi!her 2ei!ht than the 4olstein+Friesian cattle 2hich is rather speciali(ed for mil' production8- The results of the in,esti!ated farms also paint an interestin! picture in terms of fora!e crop fields=A percent of the farmers use their o2n land to produce their fora!e crop demand, 87J rent land 2hile 88 percent of the farmers neither own land nor rent landThe ma.ority of the farmers 2ho neither o2n nor rent land 'eep a lo2 num0er of co2s- ?7 percent of them 'eep 7 up to ; co2s

Farmers 2ho neither o2n nor rent land 2ere as'ed 2hat methods they chose to feed their co2s- The ans2ers sho2 that they are allo2ed to use the !rassland or the pastures of other farmers pro,ided they maintain the condition of the land- )t is assumed that this situation cannot 0e maintained in the lon! term, thus the future of farmers 2ho neither o2n land nor rent any 2ill 0e in dan!er;- Ans2ers related to the 1uality and the safety of mil' !a,e interestin! results- ;; percent of the farmers mil' their co2s manually, =9 percent of them use pails 2hile 7A percent of them apply mil'in! machines 6Fi!ure 7:-

17% 33%

50%

Manual milking

Milking by applying pails

Milking by applying milking machines

* +#re ,- T&e " str b#t on o% t&e m l. n+ met&o"s n t&e %arms n!est +ate"$
Source: 52n research

Farmers 2ho 'eep only a fe2 co2s did not find it useful or effecti,e to use mil'in! machines4o2e,er a rise in the num0er of co2s induced an impro,ement in the technolo!ical le,el of mil'in!- As a result, it is almost impossi0le for farms that 'eep only a fe2 co2s to fully meet hy!ienic re1uirements- The reason for that is not the 2ron! attitude of farmers 0ut the lo2 le,el of technolo!y<- The findin!s related to the coolin! of mil' are as follo2s: Coolin! is one of the most critical points in the process of mil' production- Thus it 2as interestin! to 'no2 2hat methods farmers use to cool mil' and to maintain its temperature- )t 2as assumed that farmers put a !reat emphasis on mil' coolin! 0ut the results painted a different pictureA7 percent of the farmers use cold 2ater to cool mil' 2hile 8@ percent of them apply a mil' refri!erator- ; percent of farmers do not cool the milk at all- 6Fi!ure 8: Farmers 2ho do not cool the mil' 2ere as'ed 0y the inter,ie2er 2hy they do not do that- The ans2ers sho2 that after mil'in! the co2s farmers immediately 6after filterin!: deli,er the mil' to the dairy 2here it is put in the mil' cooler of the dairy- Thus their mil' is cooled in the dairy- Since the appropriate temperature is a ,ery necessary condition for 1uality and safe co2 mil' production therefore these farms 2ill not 0e allo2ed to produce mil' in the futureThe farmers are a2are of that fact-

3% 26%

71%

Milk is cooled with cold water

A re rigerator is applied or cooling milk

Milk is not cooled at all

* +#re /- T&e met&o" %or m l. cool n+ n t&e %arms n!est +ate"$

Source: 52n research

5. The results of the 1uestions related to the application of food safety and 1uality mana!ement
are as follo2s: Bhen preparin! the 1uestionnaire # 0ased on literature sources and o2n eFperience # it 2as assumed that a ,ery lo2 num0er of small farms in,esti!ated in the frame2or' of this research 2ould use any method for 1uality and safety mana!ementThe results of the 1uestionnaire pro,ed the assumptions to 0e ri!ht- @ percent of the farmers use the 4ACCP system- 5ther 1uality mana!ement, 1uality control or food safety systems are not applied- Farmers !a,e the follo2in! ans2ers to the 1uestion 2hy they do not use these systems 6Fi!ure ;::
17% "% 25%

!"%

#naware o $uality management systems %uality management systems are too e&pensi'e %uality management systems re$uire too much e&tra work %uality management systems are too e&pensi'e and re$uire too much e&tra work

* +#re 0- T&e reasons )&1 %armers "o not a((l1 '#al t1 mana+ement s1stems
Source: 52n research

<? percent of the farmers find these systems too eFpensi,e, 8= percent of the farmers do not 'no2 them, 7A percent of them thin' that they are too eFpensi,e and re1uire a lot of eFtra 2or' 2hile ? percent of them thin' that the application of these systems need too much eFtra 2or'-

=; percent of the farmers said that the situation of mil' production 2as disastrous, ;@ percent of them thou!ht that it 2as 0ad and 77 percent of them said that it 2as accepta0le- Kone of the farmers said that the current situation of mil' production 2as !ood or outstandin! neither in terms of their o2n enterprise nor the 2hole sector 2hich also met the pre,ious eFpectations-

11%

36%

53%

(he current situation o milk production is disastrous (he current situation o milk production is acceptable

(he current situation o milk production is bad

* +#re 2- T&e o( n on o% %armers (art c (at n+ n t&e researc& on t&e s t#at on o% m l. (ro"#ct on
Source: o2n research

5ne and a half years after the 1uestionnaire sur,ey =9 of the pre,iously in,esti!ated farms 2ere selected randomly and then ,isited a!ain to find out 2hat had happened to them since then)t 2as assumed that their situation had not chan!ed a lot- The results ho2e,er did not pro,e the assumptions to 0e ri!ht- 88 of the =9 ,isited farms had finished dealin! 2ith 'eepin! co2s and 79 out of the remainin! 8> farms said that they 2ould intend to finish dealin! 2ith mil' productionThe ans2ers for the 1uestions related to 2hy farmers !a,e up dealin! 2ith mil' production 2ere as follo2s: # the person 2ho dealt 2ith animal hus0andry in the family died and the other person cannot loo' after the animals alone 689 percent:, # a near0y dairy 2as closed do2n, thus farmers cannot sell the mil' 6<9 percent:, # the price of mil' is ,ery lo2 therefore it is not profita0le to deal 2ith animal hus0andry 6799 percent:, Bhile the in,esti!ations 2ere 0ein! carried out, there 2as an opportunity in the re!ion for the eFamined farms: a forei!n farmer intended to start producin! cheese in the small re!ion- The farmer carried out a sur,ey on the situation of mil' production in the to2n and the surroundin! ,illa!es and found that the farmers did not intend to sell the mil' to his enterprise- The reason for that 2as the fact that the composition of mil' produced 0y the farmers did not meet the re1uirements for cheese production- %eetin! hi!her re1uirements for 1uality 2ould only ha,e 0een possi0le 0y chan!es in co2 'inds 2hich 2ould re1uire hi!h ne2 in,estments 0y o0tainin! a si!nificant amount of ne2 capital- Since the re1uired ne2 sources 2ere not a,aila0le for the farmers and their a,era!e a!e 2as ,ery hi!h, therefore they only had short term plans and could not afford to ma'e the necessary chan!es in their farmin! acti,ity-

There 2as also an opportunity for farmers in the re!ion to esta0lish a dairy 2here they could ha,e processed the mil' and then sell it in plastic 0a! form to the inha0itants of the small re!ion3nfortunately, lac' of cooperation 0et2een the farmers and some of the pro0lems already mentioned a0o,e left this opportunity unusedThe farmers 2ere also as'ed some 1uestions a0out the competiti,eness of small farms- The 1uestions 2ere compiled accordin! to a 1uestionnaire that the 4un!arian "airy Council uses to ma'e sur,eys amon! farms that sell mil' directly to the mil' processin! industry- Farmers 2ere as'ed to set up an order of importance from the factors affectin! competiti,eness sho2n in Ta0le 8 6farmers of course 2ere not a2are of the results of the sur,ey 0y the 4un!arian "airy Council:The results 2ere as follo2s:
Table ,- *actors a%%ect n+ com(et t !eness n H#n+ar1
)actors Capital supply Lack of quotas Market regulations Forage crop area Lack of information Lack of qualified employees 1*" cows 1 2 3 5 4 10*1" cows 1 2 3 5 4 20*2" cows 1 2 3 5 4 30*"" cows 1 2 3 5 4 100*2"" cows 1 3 2 4 5 300* !"" cows 1 3 2 4 5 More than 500 cows 1 4 2 3 5 A'erage 1 3 2 5 4 +rder o importance by the arms e&amined 1 5 4 2 3

Source: 52n research 0ased on a sur,ey 0y the 4un!arian %il' Council, 899;

The farmers participatin! in the research found capital supply the most si!nificant factor in terms of competiti,eness 2hile they found the lac' of 1ualified employees the least important oneFarmers a!ree in the importance of those t2o factors independently from the num0er of co2s 'ept on the farm- 4o2e,er there 2ere si!nificant differences in their opinion on the importance of the other factorsThe data of the 4un!arian "airy Council sho2s that farms 2ith the num0er of co2s 0et2een 7 and ?? found the lac' of 1uotas the most si!nificant pro0lem 2hile farms 'eepin! more than 799 co2s found mar'et re!ulations the most important factorFarms 2ith a hi!h num0er of co2s found the a,aila0ility of an appropriate si(e of fora!e crop land an important factor 2hile the lac' of information is a si!nificant pro0lem for farms 'eepin! less than 799 co2sThe order of importance of the factors 0ased on the opinion of farmers participatin! in this research 2as as follo2s 6Ta0le 7:: The farms participatin! in this research found capital supply the factor that has the most effect on competiti,eness- 4o2e,er the neFt factor in the order of importance 2as fora!e crop land- )t can 0e eFplained 0y the lac' of the a,aila0ility of fora!e crop land # 2hich 2as already dealt 2ith 2hen analysin! the 1uestionnaire # and the fact that in many cases farmers only do each other a fa,our 2hen usin! each otherLs landFarms that do not ha,e an appropriate si(e of fora!e crop land # either their o2n or rented # 2ill not 0e a0le to produce mil' in the future-

The third factor in the order of importance 2as rele,ant information at the ri!ht time- Farmers said that the flo2 of information in our days is not appropriate- They are not a2are of 2hat 'inds of su0sidies are a,aila0le for them and 2hat opportunities they ha,e to impro,e farmin!Ke2 mar'et re!ulations # similarly to information # usually do not reach farmers or they are only 'no2n 0y a part of themSmall farms did not find the lac' of 1ualified employees and the lac' of 1uotas important factorsThe results of the research sho2 that small dairy farms cannot maintain their acti,ity for the lon! term, their competiti,eness is lo2 and their 'no2led!e on 1uality is not si!nificantII$ T&e (rocess o% m l. '#al % cat on n H#n+ar1 The rapid control of the eFamination results of ra2 mil' 1ualification and the timely for2ardin! to the producers and the processors is a prere1uisite- The results are immediately a,aila0le after the measurements 0y the ad,anced and hi!h capacity e1uipment of the certification la0oratory and the attached computer system-

* +#re 3- T&e (rocess o% m l. '#al % cat on n H#n+ar1

Source: Cs s( r+3n!er, 899=

III$ T&e sta+es an" " str b#t on c&annels o% (ro"#ct l ne o% m l. The use of the capacities of dairy industry ha,e impro,ed in the pre,ious t2o years, ho2e,er, it remained ,ery lo2- The 0utter and mil' po2der producin! companies ma'in! losses 2ere shut do2n, and at the same time se,eral in,estments concentratin! on economic operation 2ere made)n 899= accordin! to the data from the A!ricultural *conomics Research )nstitute and the 4un!arian Central Statistical 5ffice there 2ere around =9 dairy processin! companies in 4un!ary- "espite the hi!h num0er of processin! companies the concentration is relati,ely hi!h 6calculations made on the 0asis of purchase sho2 that the lar!est company represents around ;9J, the fi,e lar!est ones around @;J and the ten lar!est ones around >9J-: "urin! the pre,ious years the lar!e companies ha,e !ro2n steadily and the small ones ha,e 'ept on shrin'in! further)n the conteFt of *3+7= processin! industry is characterised 0y much stron!er concentration- The 4un!arian product line sho2s the follo2in! characteristics:

* +#re 4- T&e sta+es an" " str b#t on c&annels o% (ro"#ct lane o% m l.,
Source: A!ricultural *conomics Research )nstitute, 899A

%ore than ?9J of the ra2 mil' produced in 4un!ary 2ent to the processin! companies, in addition to the mainly one line producer sellin! @-8J of the total 4un!arian production 2as eFported and import made up 7-@J 6the situation of ra2 mil' can 0e seen in the ta0les of the AnneF:-

Ra2 mil' consumers 2ith red colours MRa2 %il' *Fport 6A,AJ:, %il' Plants 6?8,;J:N "airy products final consumers 2ith 0lue colour M"airy products eFport 67=J:, Retail chains 6>=J:N Thin arro2s sho2 the 2ay of ra2 products, thic' arro2s sho2 the 2ay of processed products Total commodity supplies 2ith yello2 colour

The 2hole sectorOs purchase is characterised 0y lon! term contracts 6at least one year:, 2hich is important 0ecause of the perisha0ility of mil' and continuous productionI5$ Cost relate" ncome n t&e ma n "a r1 (ro"#cts Almost half of the !ross price is made up of ra2 material production, 2hile cost+related profita0ility is only ;+<JThe processor contri0utes to the price 2ith 7@+;AJ 2ith a cost+related income of <+<8J%ar'etin! recei,es another 7>+8<J of the !ross price 0ut only 0y a ,ery hi!h profita0ility rateTable /$ Cost ,elated -ncome in the Main .roducts o /iary 0ector in 1ungary
2ost ,elated -ncome 3%4 2arton milk /istribution .rocessing 5asic Material .roduction 34!"3 !"" 4!11 (rappista 2heese #2!"3 4!11 3!2# 0our 2ream in 2up 3#!4# 42!52 3!45

Source: Juh s(, 899= and K 0r di, 899>-

Concl#s ons The in,esti!ations pro,ed that the situation of farms that deli,er mil' to mil' collectin! dairies is more insecure than other farms in terms of food safety and 1uality mana!ement- The 1uality of the miFture of mil' deli,ered to the mil' collectin! dairy is 1uestiona0le- Thus the future of farms in,esti!ated in this research is insecure- %il' collectin! dairies # lar!ely due to hi!her hy!ienic and food safety re1uirements # 2ill ha,e to finish their acti,ity 2hich may force small dairy farms to finish their acti,ity as 2ellThe factors that ha,e an effect on the competiti,eness of small farms 2ere determined in this research- The in,esti!ations sho2ed that the three most si!nificant factors that affect competiti,eness 6in order of importance: are capital supply, fora!e crop area and information supply- The results of literature processin!, 1uestionnaires and personal inter,ie2s pro,ed that farms 2hich neither o2n nor rent land 2ill ha,e to finish their acti,ity in the future- Farmers that stop their acti,ity should 0e su0sidi(ed 0y rural de,elopment pro!rammes*ducation should play a ,ery important role in ma'in! a 1uality+oriented ,ie2 more popular 2hich is ,ery si!nificant for e,ery participant of the food chain- Quality ra2 material production should 0e !i,en more emphasis in the further education of farmers 2ithin adult education)f the presented disparity of the cost related profita0ility remains at the different sta!es of the product line 4un!arian producers 2ill stop production and the distri0utors 62ith their undue profita0ility le,el: 2ill ha,e to satisfy their needs from eFport and they are li'ely to ma'e losses in the lon! term-

The pro0lem is more serious than one 2ould thin' at the first loo' 0ecause a lot of farmers in rural areas 2ho deal 2ith mil' production # often do not ha,e any other choice # lose si!nificant financial sourcesRe%erences 7- $)ACS P- # VPRA") %- 67???:: Quality Controll and Quality %ana!ement in the Food )ndustry )n: GQATR F- 6s(er'-: Minsg s agrrstratgia. A'adEmia Kiad&, $udapest, p;;;+;<? 8- CSPSRPR G- # 3KG*R A- 6899=:: The $asic of the Quality %il' Production, 4un!arian "airy Research )stitute, %osonma!yar&, r;- GR3K*RT K- G- 6899=:: Food Quality and Safety: Consumer "emand and Perception, European Review of Agricultural Economics, ;8 6;:, p;@?+;?7<- J34PSR A- 6s(er': 6899=:: Piaci erS,is(onyo' ala'ul sa a 0elfTldi Elelmis(erpiac s(ereplSi 'T(Ttt- AK !anulmn"ok, $udapest =- %)R)K # T3KU5G)KV # VARGA 6s(er'-: 6899A:: A me(S!a(das !i r'Ep(Es elmEleti alap.ai Es ha(ai !ya'orlata, AK) Tanulm nyo', $udapest @- KP$RP") A- 6899>:: Quality in the %il'+,erticum, !e#ga$dasg, QWV)))- V,folyam, 899>X7+8A- PYK3SR %- # KAT5KA $- # VPGPKU J- 6899?:: Supply chain pro0lems in the 2ine industry 6manuscript: >- P5PP J- 6899<:: The Prospects of the %il' and %il' production, 222-te.terme'-hu ?- RVG*R $- 6899>:: Current 1uestions of the lo!istics in our days, R%K* Scientific Conference 79- SAQA%5KKV 43SRTU A- 6899;:: Success factors of Supply Chain in practise, S(e!edi R- # Pre(ens('i J-: Qo!istics #mana!ement, Kossuth Kiad&, $udapest, p- ;?9+;?>77- ST**KKA%P J- $-67??9:: Conceptual %odel of the Quality Formation Process, %ournal of &usiness Research' 87, p;9?+;;; 78- SRA$Y %- Ms(er'-N 6899=:: The Situation of the Food Safety in 4un!ary 7;- SRAKPQU S- 68997:: %il' *conomy, "inas(tia Kiad&, $udapest 7<- VPGPKU J- 6899A:: The situation of ra2 co2 mil' production on small+scale farm le,el in 4un!ary- )n: Cereal Research Communications, Volume ;=, Kum0er 8XJune 899A, p78=A+ 78@9, A'adEmia Kiad&, )SSK 97;;+;A89

Anne6,$ Data o% t&e (rocessors n H#n+ar1 bet)een ,7789/::8

%uantity 6ton7 1""8 (otal 9&tra -: class --: class ---: class +ther 1 2 "34 1 2 # 4%1 1%1 534 %" 1% 34 33$ "1 1#3 1""" 1 3" 43 1 2%1 %#5 1"" $" #5 3"2 25 2%" 5" "$ 2000 1 "11 33 1 415 "#% 154 4"# #1 414 15 41 44 23% 2001 1 "3$ 4%3 1 4"# $45 13" $2 # "5# 15 5"" 3$ 511 2002 1 "23 "# 1 4 % 2#1 1 % 21% 52 $32 11 %" 21 44% 2003 1 "1 $1$ 1 51" 54 ## $% 14 $%3 3 4"5 4" 1"% 33 3$$ 200! 1 55$ #13 1 51" 513 $ $ $ 2005 1 411 2%3 1 3#4 #2$ $ $ $ 2 4"4 2006 1 2"% # 1 1 254 12$ $ $ $ 25 "41 12 2007 1 1% $" 1 1#3 %4" $ $ $ $ 2008 1 $5% 4#" 1 $4 #51 $ $ $ 1 $5% 4#"

&ource' ()n researc* +ased on a sur,ey +y t*e -ungarian .airy /ssociation! 2$$%
0hare 6%7 2003 200! 1$$ 1$$ %1 %# 5 0 1 0 $ 0 3 2

(otal 9&tra -: class --: class ---: class +ther

1""8 1""" 1$$ 1$$ " "% 12 11 5 2 1!5 4 3!5

2000 1$$ #3 % 4!5$ 1 2!5$

2001 1$$ #5 # 4 1 2

2002 1$$ #5 1$ 3 1 1

2005 1$$ %#!12 0 0 0 1!##

2006 1$$ %# 0 0 0 2

2007 1$$ %#!%4 0 0 0 1!$

2008 1$$ %#!#1 0 0 0 1!1%

&ource' ()n researc* +ased on a sur,ey +y t*e -ungarian Milk Council! 2$$%
A'erage price 6)t;l7 2001 2002 2003 "3! 5 "#!1" "5!#3 5!44 #!52 !$5 52!53 54!"1 55!25 4%!"% 51! " 5$!41 44!%5 4#!1 4 !$2

9&tra -: class --: class ---: class +ther

1""8 5#!1$ 54!$# 44!"1 42!4" 3%!$2

1""" 2!%1 5"!15 4 !55 44!#1 4$!14

2000 5!52 5%!2# 4"!#2 43!#1 41!"5

200! 2005 2006 2007 2!3% 3!$ 2!4% "$!5" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4#!31 4#!12 4"!%" 53!"#

2008 #$!%1 0 0 0 1!%1

&ource' ()n researc* +ased on a sur,ey +y t*e -ungarian .airy /ssociation! 2$$%
A'erage at and protein content 6%7 2001 2002 2003 200! 2005 3! 3! " 3! 2 3! 4 3! 1 3!2% 3!2# 3!1# 3!2$ 3!21

A'erage at content A'erage protein content

1""8 3! 3!33

1""" 3!"1 3!2%

2000 3! " 3!25

2006 3!5# 3!1%

2007 3! 4 3!23

2008 3! # 3!24

&ource' ()n researc* +ased on a sur,ey +y t*e -ungarian .airy /ssociation! 2$$%

.9,0+<A= -<)+,MA(-+<
5,->-((A ?A(+<A 9ducation@ 2003* 1*. studies Cor,inus 2ni,ersity of 3udapest! Faculty of Food &ciences 4opic' &upply C*ain in a -ungarian 5ine 6ndustry M&c Food 7ngineer &8ent 6st,9n 7gyetem! Faculty of Food &cience

2000

Aork e&perience@ 20030 /ssistance professor 3udapest College of Management! .epartment of 3usiness Management 4eac*ing' Logistics Management! &CM strategies! &torage and packaging 2000*2003 &8ent 6st,9n2ni,ersity! .epartment of Food 7conomy 4eac*ing' Food economy M+<-?A .B<#0C .1:/: 9ducation @ .h:/: 2$$2 ' &8ent 6st,9n 2ni,ersity!:;d;ll<=3udapest Faculty of Food &ciences 4opic' Logistics in *ungarian food industry M:0c Food 7ngineer 2ni,ersity of -orticulture and Food 6ndustry 3udapest Aork e&perience@ 20070 associate professor' 3udapest College of Management! .epartment of 3usiness Management 4eac*ing' Logistics Management! &CM strategies! Corporate 7conomics 1""!*2007 >/M in 323 3iotec*nology= 1*armaceutical = C*emical sector Marketing manager at -ealt*care sector Membership o Association' -ungarian Logistics /ssociation! /ssociation of -ungarian Logistics! 1urc*asing and 6n,entory Management. D#/-( EF>F<G .1:/: 9ducation @ .h:/: 2$$#' &8ent 6st,9n 2ni,ersity! :;d;ll< Management and 3usiness &tudies 4opic' 4*e 7conomic 7ffects and .e,elopment (pportunities of ?uality Milk 1roduction in -ungary M0c: 2$$1' Master in /gricultural 7conomics and Management Aork e&perience@ 20080 associate professor' 3udapest College of Management! .epartment of 3usiness Management 4eac*ing' 3usiness 1laning! ?uality Management! Corporate 7conomics 2005*2008 &8ent 6st,9n 2ni,ersity! Faculty of 7conomics and &ocial &ciences! .epartment of Farm 7conomics and Management 4eac*ing' Farm 7conomics and Management Membership o Association' 7uropean (rgani8ation for ?uality! -ungarian @ational Committee -ungarian &cientific &ociety for Food 6ndustry