Biology Project report On Green house effect

Under supervision ;Geeta Shegal Lect Bio Submitted by ; Shweta anyan

GITA NIKETAN AWASIYA VIDYALYA {KURUKSHETRA) (Session ;2012-13)

Green house effect!"

#he earth is ept warm by it$s which acts rather Li e a wooly coat " without it% the average surface temperature would be about & '( degrees centigrade) *eat from the sun passes through the atmosphere% +arming it up% and most of it warms the surface #he surface of the planet) ,s the earth warms up% -t emits heat in the form of infra"red radiation"

.uch li e a hot pan emits heat even after it$s #a en away from the coo er ) Some of this heat is #rapped by the atmosphere ) #he so"called /$greenhouse gases$$ ma e the atmosphere trap more of this radiation% So% it$s gradually warms up more than it should% Li e a greenhouse 0although a greenhouse actually 1oes this by stopping warm air rising and escaping from it2)

3auses of greenhouse effect

#here are some natural greenhouse gases; water% 4itrous o5ide% carbon dio5ide% methane and o6one) *owever% over the past fifty years% production Of carbon dio5ide% nitrous o5ide and methane has 7isen sharply% and a new type of chemical" the 3hlorofluorocarbon % or 383" has been introduced ,s a refrigerant% solvent and aerosol propellant% But it is also a very powerful greenhouse gas% Because it can trap a lot of radiation" one molecule Of 383 is '9%::: to ';%::: times as effective ,t absorbing infra"red radiation as a molecule Of carbon dio5ide)

Earths greenhouse gases

<ven though only a tiny amount of the gases -n earth$s atmosphere are greenhouse gases% #hey have a huge effect on climate)

#here are several different types of greenhouse Gases) #he major one is carbon dio5ide% water =apor% methane and nitrous o5ide% ,ll of these *ave molecules with three or more atoms) #he ,toms are held together loosely enough that #hey vibrate when they absorb heat) <ventually% #he vibrating molecule will release the radiation) #he radiation will li ely be absorbed by another Greenhouse gas molecule) #his process% which eeps *eat near the earth$s surface% is called the Greenhouse effect)

,lmost all of the other gases in earth$s atmosphere ,re nitrogen and o5ygen) #he two atoms in these .olecules are bound together tightly and unable #o vibrate% so they cannot absorb heat and contribute #o the greenhouse effect)

Problems of the greenhouse effect

#he greenhouse effect causes trouble by raising #he temperature of the planet) #he actual rise is -s not very much% but the earth$s ecosystem is very 8ragile% and small changes can have large effect)

, panel on climate change can predicted that this 7ise of one degree will happen by the year 9:9>) +hat causes the green house effect) #his could potentially cripple the 4orth ,merican 3orn belt% which produces much of the world$s grain% Leading to much higher food prices% and even less food 8or the #hird world than they already have) *owever% -t would also mean that some countries which are 8urther north would be able to grow crops they had 4ever been able to before% although there is less land ,s you move from the corn belt)

#he other serious worry is that rising sea levels from #he melting of the polar ice caps could severely)

8lood many countries) , rise in sea levels of the year 9':: 0and some as soon as 9:?:2% would flood '> percent Of Bangladesh) #he .aldives in the -ndian ocean would ,lmost completely disappear) #he greenhouse effect" Possible solutions 7educing use of fossil fuels would considerably reduce #he amount of carbon dio5ide produced% as well as reducing the

levels of the pollutants which cause acid rain) #his can be achieved by either using less energy altogether% Or using alternative energy sources) @ou can help save <nergy in lots of ways; A#urn of lights when you leave a room A-f you have a car% don$t use it for Short journeys ABasically% anything at all that uses Less energy)

<liminating the use of 383s is something we actually 1o) 3hlorofluorocarbons0383S2 were invited in the 'B9:s% #hey are a compound of carbon containing chlorine

,nd fluorine) 383s are man made chemicals% so we 3all them synthetic chemicals) Since their introduction 383s have been used as; A7efrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioning Units APropellants in aerosol cans A8oaming agents in the production of pac aging A3leaners used in the electronics industry A8ire e5tinguisher chemicals

4ew refrigerants have been developed% and new ,erosols use other propellants such as butane% So it is now actually Cuite difficult to get *old of 383s 0assuming you wanted to get some 8or something anyway2