Shaft Design

1. Choose material – usually steel from Tables A-20 and

21 on pages 994-995.

E.g 1020 – mild steel – low cost – very ductile and

tough, low strength

1030-1045 – carbon steel. Can be heat-treated to

various strengths.

4xxx – high strength, tough alloy steels. Expensive.

2. Get Su and Sy from table and get Se’ = 0.504 Su.

3. Statics – get reactions. Get torque and bending

moment at all critical locations.

4. Get σx = Mc/I and τxy = Tr/J ( I/c = πd3/32 and

J/r = πd3/16).

5. Get approximate diameter by using σ’ = Sy/[(4*n)]

(static design). (‘n’ is actual factor of safety)

σ1, σ2 = σx/2 ± [ (σx/2)2 + (τxy)2 ]0.5

σ’ = [ σ12 - σ1σ2 + σ22]0.5

These equations will have d3 in the denominator

as a common factor. Solve for d but note that
this is just a temporary and approximate
solution.
 Shaft Design
6. Now do final fatigue design

7. Get values for the Marin equation:

Surface finish ka = aSub
(a, b on page 329, Table 7-4).

Size factor kb from Eq. 7-19 on page 329

(e.g. kb = 1.24d-0.107, with d in mm for
2.79<d<51 mm)

In most cases use kc = kd = 1.

Reliability factor kf from table 7-7 p. 334:

Reliability kf

90% 0.897
95% 0.868
99% 0.814
99.9% 0.753
99.99% 0.702

8. Stress concentration factor:

Get kt from Tables A-15-nnn. You will have to
choose some size ratios needed in these tables.

Get q from Figure 7-20 on page 336.

Get kf = 1 + q(kt – 1)
Apply this to σxa only: σxa = kfσx
 Shaft Design

9. von Mises stresses: σa’ = σxa = kf σx

σm’ = 1.732τxym

giving σa’/ σm’ = Sa/Sm (a numeric value).

10. Goodman:

Sm = Se / [ (σa’/ σm’) + (Se/Su)]

10. Design equation: σm’ = Sm/n and solve this for

your final diameter d.

11. Go back and check whether the resulting changes in

your values of ka, kt, q and kf are significant.