A4 Book A R

Brief lntroduction
Association of Engineering Professionals in Society

|51]

The Association of Engineering Professionals in Society ("AES) was founded in December 1995 by a
group of professional engineers motivated by their concerns of the community, with the former
Secretary for Lands and Works, the late lr Dr Nicky N K Chan as President, later on taken over by lr F
K Hu and lr Dr Raymond C T Ho as Chairman, with Sir S Y Chung as Hon Advisor and quite a
number of highly respected professionals as Advisors.

The objectives of AES are to present opinions and proposals to Government on the Chief Executive's
Policy Address and important public issues, and to improve engineering professionals' social
awareness, sense of belonging and political culture. We organise and/or provide funding for research
projects, studies and conferences either alone or jointly with other organisations like the Hong Kong
lnstitution of Engineers. We have organised many seminars, forums and luncheon talks having well-
known personalities and high-ranking government officials on current issues or important subjects of
interest to professionals. Our annual functions are always well supported by important people
including Mr Donald Tsang Yam-kuen, Chief Executive of the HKSAR, Mr Gao Si-ren, former Director
of Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the HKSAR, Mr Tung Chee-hwa, former Chief
Executive of the HKSAR and quite a number of Secretaries of the HKSAR Government, etc. We also
encourage more engineers to participate in community affairs such as, supporting elections of the
Chief Executive, Legislative Council and District Council, etc.

A committee named Young Engineers in Society (YES) was formed in June 2003. lt aims at
establishing a platform for the promotion of the objectives of the Association amongst young
engineers and young professionals in engineering related fields. The most important emphasis is to
provide leadership training and to enhance the competitiveness and preparedness for young
engineering professionals to enter the Mainland construction and related engineering market,
particularly in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region or even the Pan-PRD Region.

The reconstruction of Yuanjia Primary School in Jingyang District, Deyang Municipality after the 5.12
earthquake in Sichuan, was initiated by AES with joint efforts from 512 Young Engineers Alliance
("512YEA). The 512YEA, with full support from AES, have organised a series of activities in the past
year including Caring Visits to Sichuan, 5.12 Young Engineers Caring Night, Public Lecture on
Sichuan Earthquake, Forum on Effects of Earthquake on Educations in Sichuan, Tram Parade around
Hong Kong lsland and Charitable Soccer Game for fund-raising, etc

AES membership include Founding Company Members, Ordinary Company Members, lndividual Members
and Nominee Members. Our main financial resources come from Company Members which support our
mission and objectives. Many of them are major listed companies and utilities. As AES is not a qualifying
body, our lndividual Members are only required to have an Engineering degree. Another unique feature of
AES is that 10% of lndividual Members are not Engineers but are engineering related professionals, such
as Architects, Accountants, Economists, Lawyers, Surveyors, Town Planners, etc. With such membership
structure, AES can come up with more balanced and expert views as we can draw inputs from a pool of
professionals in different fields.
Organising Committee
Chairman :
YlM Kin Ping

Members :
CHAN Sou Tung, Richard CHEUNG Chin Keung
FAN Ying Ming FAN Linda
LAM Chi Sing LO King Yin, Victor
LEE Ping Kuen LEE Ming Ching, Stephen
WONG Yuk Lung

Supporting Organisations
Building Division, Civil Division, Materials and Structural Divisions,
The Hong Kong lnstitution of Engineers
Department of Building and Construction, The City University of Hong Kong
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of
Science & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong Association of Energy Engineers
Hong Kong Concrete lnstitute
Hong Kong lnstitute of Steel Construction
Hong Kong lnstitution of Certified Auditors
Housing Department, The Government of the HKSAR

Acknowledgements
The Organising Committee would like to express sincere thanks to the following sponsors for
their generous support of the Seminar :

The Hongkong Electric Co Ltd
Chun Wo Development Holdings Ltd

Welcome remarks
by
Ir Dr the Honourable Raymond HO Chung-tai,
SBS, MBE, S B St 1, 1P
Member of the Legislative Council of HKSAR
Hong Kong Deputy to 10
th
& 11
th
NPC of the People`s Republic of China
at
the Seminar on
~Products & Management System Certification - Construction Products,
Information Security, Occupational Safety and Health, Food Safety and 1ewellery
jointly organised by
Association of Engineering Professionals in Society and
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
under the Professional Services Development Assistance Scheme funded by
HKSAR Government
Friday, 30 September 2011
Chiang Cheng Studio Theatre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Good Morning. I am pleased to join you at the Seminar. First oI all, I would like to take
this opportunity to thank the Department oI Civil and Structural Engineering oI the
Hong Kong Polytechnic University Ior jointly organising this seminar with the
Association oI Engineering ProIessionals in Society (AES), oI which I am the Chairman.
On behalI oI the co-organisers, I would like to extend my warm welcome to all oI you.
With the growing competition in the market economy, the demand Ior proIitability in
business world, the growing concerns on quality, environment, health and saIety issue,
increasing attention is given to quality oI products and services which translate into a
growing demand Ior the service oI testing and certiIication. Testing and certiIication
plays a very important role in ensuring the quality oI products and services. Impartial
third party certiIication and testing give customers conIirmation that the certiIied
products or services conIormed to regulatory and commercial requirements. On the other

hand, suppliers can demonstrate to customers that their products and services will meet
the appropriate standards.
In the 2009-10 Policy Address, ChieI Executive, Mr Donald Tsang, identiIied testing and
certiIication as one oI the six economic areas where Hong Kong enjoys a clear
advantage Ior Iurther development. The Hong Kong Council Ior Testing and
CertiIication was established in 2009 to promote proIessional standards and international
recognition oI the industry.
As a matter oI Iact, Hong Kong has enjoyed a number oI advantages in the development
oI this sector. Testing and certiIication has a long history in Hong Kong since the days
when 'Made in Hong Kong products constituted the majority oI the export
consignments Irom this part oI the world. Throughout these years, testing and
certiIication sector has Iully built up its reputation with the support oI a robust
accreditation system, eIIicient and proIessional personnel.
Meanwhile, the close relationship between the Mainland and Hong Kong provides us
with an added advantage in developing testing and certiIication. Hong Kong has always
been an important bridge between the Mainland and overseas. This role has not been
sidelined with the reuniIication oI Hong Kong with the Mainland and the rapid
economic growth oI China in the past 2 decades. Instead, the role has been strengthened
with the continuing economic integration between Hong Kong and the Mainland.
As you may be aware, the National 12th Five-Year Plan was endorsed at the Fourth
Session oI the 11th National People`s Congress, which I attended as a Hong Kong
Deputy in Beijing in March this year. An individual chapter oI the Plan dedicated to the
Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions signiIies the Central
Government`s strong support given to Hong Kong and will enhance cooperation
between the Mainland and Hong Kong. The Plan states the Central Government`s
support Ior the maintenance oI Hong Kong` status as an international Iinancial centre
and an international centre Ior trade and shipping. Hong Kong can take advantage oI the
new situation to advance the development testing and certiIication sector.
We can also continue to capitalise on the opportunities made possible the Mainland and
Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). The liberalization
measures under CEPA has extended to product testing services under the CEPA
Supplement VII which allows testing organisations in Hong Kong to cooperate with
designated Mainland organisations to undertake testing oI products Ior the China

Compulsory CertiIication (CCC) System on a pilot basis, Ior selected products listed in
the CCC Catalogue and processed in Hong Kong. There are Iour types oI products
processed in Hong Kong included in the pilot scheme. They are (1) toy; (2) switches,
protective devices and connection devices Ior electrical installations; (3) inIormation
technology equipment; and (4) lighting apparatus.
As Hong Kong is not a nation, it cannot join international multilateral systems on mutual
recognition oI testing and certiIication that are open to national member bodies. With the
Supplement VII to CEPA, our testing laboratories can apply to the CertiIication and
Accreditation Administration (CNCA) oI the Mainland to join multilateral systems on
mutual recognition in which CNCA is a national member body, such as the International
Electrotechnical Commission`s System Ior ConIormity Testing and CertiIication oI
Electrotechnical Equipment and Components, which is widely accepted internationally.
It is reported that negotiations between the Mainland and Hong Kong authorities are
under way to expand the 4 products covered in the pilot project to 23 products. It is
expected that the arrangements will be included in the CEPA Supplement VIII which
will be signed by the end oI this year.
The support given by the Mainland will surely add strength to Hong Kong in its
development oI testing and certiIication. Nevertheless, the local testing and certiIication
sector in Hong Kong must maintain its competitiveness by keeping abreast oI the latest
international saIety and quality standards and requirements. In Iacilitating this process,
AES has organised this seminar Iollowed the success oI the last one held one year ago. I
am sure that the seminar, with its Iocus on the products and management system
certiIication, will provide us with an excellent platIorm Ior sharing our views and
experience on this important subject.
Thank you very much.
It is to clarify that this seminar is not organized under the Professional Services Development Assistance Scheme.
Programme

08:45 09:05 Registration
09:05 09:15
Welcome Remarks
lr Dr Raymond HO, Chairman, Association of Engineering Professionals in Society
Session l: Chaired by
lr FAN Ying Ming, Council Member, Association of Engineering Professionals in Society
09:15 09:45
lmplementation of Construction Products Certification in Hong Kong Housing Authority
Mr MAK Yiu Wing, Joseph, Chief Structural Engineer
Housing Department, The Government of the HKSAR
09:45 10:15
Certification of Reinforced Fill Products for Use in Permanent Reinforced Fill Structures and
Slopes Reinforced Fill Management System Certification
lr K C LAM, Chief Geotechnical Engineer, Geotechnical Engineering Office,
Civil Engineering and Development Department, The Government of the HKSAR
10:15 10:45
lSO 22000 Food Safety Management System
Mr Simon LEUNG, Certification Officer, SGS Hong Kong Ltd
10:45 11:05 Coffee Break
11:05 11:35
Keynote Address
Miss Janet WONG, JP, Commissioner for lnnovation and Technology
lnnovation and Technology Commission, The Government of the HKSAR
11:35 -12:05
OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management Systems
Mr Paxson W H CHENG, Product Manager, SGS Hong Kong Ltd
12:05 12:20 Discussion
12:20 14:15 Lunch Break (not included)
Session ll: Chaired by
lr Victor LO, Member of the Organising Committee
14:15 14:45
Feicui (Jadeite Jade) Certification
Mr Dominic MOK, Principal, Asian Gemmological lnstitute & Laboratory Ltd
14:45 15:15
Jewellery Quality Management System An Overview
Mr Tommy TSUl, Laboratory Director, Luk Fook Holdings Co Ltd
15:15 15:35 Coffee Break
15:35 16:05
lnformation Security Management System Certification (lSO27000)
Mr Kenneth TSUN, Certification Officer, SGS Hong Kong Ltd
16:05 16:35
Product Certification for Aluminmun Window
Mr C K CHEUNG, Vice-President, Hong Kong Concrete lnstitute
16:35 16:50 Discussion
Table of Contents

lmplementation of Construction Products Certification in Hong Kong Housing Authority
MAK Yiu Wing, Joseph........................................................................................................................ 1

Certification of Reinforced Fill Products for Use in Permanent Reinforced Fill Structures and Slopes
K C LAM ............................................................................................................................................. 9

lSO 22000 Food Safety Management System
Simon LEUNG.................................................................................................................................... 13

OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Management System
Paxson W H CHENG ......................................................................................................................... 15

Feicui (Jadeite Jade) Certification
Dominic MOK .................................................................................................................................... 23

Jewellery Quality Management System An Overview
Tommy TSUl ...................................................................................................................................... 33

lnformation Security Management System Certification (lSO27000)
Kenneth TSUN................................................................................................................................... 37

Product Certification for Aluminmun Window
C K CHEUNG .................................................................................................................................... 39

Seninai on Iioducls & Managenenl Syslen Ceilificalion - Consliuclion Iioducls, Infoinalion
Secuiily, OccupalionaI Safely and HeaIlh, Iood Safely and }eveIIeiy
3O Seplenlei 2O11, Hong Kong
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS CERTIFICATION
IN HONG KONG HOUSING AUTHORITY
Mak Yiu Wing, Joseph
Housing Department, The Government oI the HKSAR
In full support of the Chief Executive Policv Address 2009, the Hong Kong Housing
Authoritv (HA) has spearheaded the implementation of product certification in 2010/2011.
The granting of product certification is through regular factorv surveillance and periodic
sampling and testing of products bv independent certifving bodies. It is a continuous
upstream control process to ensure consistent product qualitv. Up to six building materials
have been specified in the HA tender documents requiring product certification in 2010/2011.
To make this initiative a success, the HA has collaborated with external stakeholders
including the Hong Kong Accreditation Service, government departments, academia,
certifving bodies and suppliers to formulate the certifving schemes for audit purposes and to
launch the certification in stages.
QUALITY HOUSING
Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) has the mission to provide aIIordable quality housing,
management, maintenance and other housing related services in a proactive and caring
manner. We have a current stock oI about 700,000 Ilats and we are building an average oI
about 15,000 Ilats per year. We are thereIore committed to assure the built quality in respect
oI :-
a) Quality oI workmanship and materials conducted on site
b) Quality oI workmanship and materials produced oII site
TESTED IN HONG KONG, CERTIFIED IN HONG KONG
In the 2009 ChieI Executive Policy Address, testing and certiIication services have been
earmarked as one oI the six pillar industries Ior propelling Hong Kong towards a knowledge
based economy. The Hong Kong Council Ior Testing and CertiIication has also been set up
in September 2009 to Iormulate market-oriented development plan Ior testing and
certiIication industry.
Four trades are selected in the development plan, which included Chinese Medicine,
Construction Materials, Food and Jewelry. ThereIore, construction materials have been put
up to one oI the highest priorities.
PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
In Iull support to the Policy Address, the Hong Kong Housing Authority has spearheaded the
implementation oI product certiIication in its construction projects in 2010/2011.
Product CertiIication is the process whereby a product is certiIied to achieving prescribed
standards and quality requirements. The granting oI certiIication is through regular Iactory
surveillance and periodic sampling and testing oI products by independent certiIying bodies
InpIenenlalion of Consliuclion Iioducls Ceilificalion in Hong Kong Housing Aulhoiily
2
accredited under the Hong Kong Accreditation Service (HKAS). It is a continuous upstream
control process to ensure consistent production quality, doing it right in the Iactory Iirst beIore
the products are delivered to site. As a result, purchasers and consumers could gain better
conIidence and assurance on product quality. Instead oI relying on the test certiIicates
provided by the suppliers, a third party audit would better guarantee the reliability oI the
products. Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically the product certiIication process.
EXISTING HA`S SURVEILLANCE CHECKS ON MATERIALS
Prior to the implementation oI product certiIication, the HA is exercising a robust surveillance
checking system on the building materials delivered to site. We have established a Building
Materials Database (BMD) to keep track records oI surveillance checks oI major building
materials. The checks comprise visual inspection, laboratory testing and/or breaking up
inspection against shop drawings. The laboratory test results will be uploaded onto the
BMD as track records Ior project teams reIerence in approving the proposed building product
submissions. In principle, iI according to the track records materials have Iailed any
laboratory tests Ior more than one time within the past three years, irrespective oI all retests
Manufacturers
_,
Hong Kong
Accreditation
Service (HKAS)
(
Independent
Certification
Bodies
\
Products manufactured in factories
{._j_,
ReguIar factory
surveiIIance (._
) on process and
sampIing for testing of
products (_,)
ssuance/ Renewal of
Product Certificates at regular intervals
_,[
DeIivery of Products to Sites
_,}.
Passed
Remedial
action,
suspension
of
certification
etc.
Failed
Figure 1: Production CertiIication An Upstream Quality Control
3
passed, Iurther laboratory tests shall be instigated by project teams upon product delivery to
site. Figure 2 shows the current HA surveillance checks oI building materials on site.
EARLIER PRODUCT CERTIFICATION SCHEME
The Iirst product certiIication scheme related to our construction product is the Quality
Scheme Ior the Production and Supply oI Concrete (QSPSC). The QSPSC was jointly
developed in 1991 by the HA and the Hong Kong Quality Assurance Agency (HKQAA) Ior
ready mix concrete. At that time, ready mix concrete started to be a major construction
material produced oII site. The HA saw the need to institute a quality assurance scheme to
monitor this Iactory produced product. This was subsequently been speciIied in HA`s
contracts on top oI in-situ quality control as concrete quality related directly to the saIety and
durability oI our housing stock. QSPSC has subsequently become a policy requirement by
the Development Bureau and a regulatory requirement by the Buildings Department Ior all
construction projects in Hong Kong.
Project Team
.[)
Check on quality based on
test certificates (,[)
and track records (|,,)
ReguIar SurveiIIance
Testing
_,
Contractor
,
Proposed Material Submission
Materials Accepted for Use
_[
rejected
test / retest passed
MateriaIs arrivaI on site
[}.
Submission accepted
test / retest failed
Manufacturers
_,
materials rejected
from site
Product certification
to be introduced.
Figure 2 : HA`s Surveillance Check oI Building Materials on Site
4
EXPANSION OF THE SCHEMES
In 2009, the HA has initiated the expansion oI the product certiIication schemes to other
building materials. We worked with the HKAS because product certiIication is a
commercial operation and government control oI these activities by means oI accreditation is
necessary.
There are certain prerequisites Ior implementation oI product certiIication :-
a) ManuIacturers must be certiIied to ISO9001 Iirst to ensure that they have a proper
management system to operate on.
b) A product conIormity certiIication scheme (PCCS) Ior concerned material must be
established. This is the scheme whereby auditors Irom the certiIying bodies could
objectively conducted the audits and ordered sample testings based on an uniIied
approach and on standards across the diIIerent manuIacturers.
c) CertiIying bodies must be accredited by the HKAS under the Innovation and Technology
Commission. HKAS is in turn advised by the Accreditation Advisory Board (AAB)
comprising external stakeholders.
d) Testing laboratories must be HOKLAS accredited or recognized under Mutual
Recognition Agreement (MRA) with HKAS.
PREPARATION OF PCCS
The preparation oI the product conIormity certiIication scheme is currently relying very much
on the voluntary contribution oI independent proIessional institutions, including the Hong
Kong Concrete Institute, the Hong Kong Institute oI Steel Construction, the Hong Kong
Institute oI Plumbing and Drainage, etc. Consultations with the material suppliers,
contractors, certiIication bodies, academics and government bodies are carried out to arrive at
an objective certiIying document. Task Iorces Ior individual products are set up to these
ends. AIter the completion and issue oI the PCCS, it would be owned and managed by the
related institutes. Figure 3 shows the related parties involved in the PCCS preparation.
5
WORKFLOW OF PRODUC CERTIFCATION
Based on the established PCCS and aIter the appointment oI accredited certiIying body by the
material supplier concerned, the process oI product certiIication could be carried out. Figure
4 shows the workIlow oI product certiIication audits.
Hong Kong
Accreditation
Service
(HKAS)
(
ProfessionaI
Institute
_(
e.g. HKSC, HKC,
HKQAA, owner of
PCCS
Government
Departments
Academics
Consultants
Contractors
Suppliers
Certification
Bodies
Product
Certification
Product Conformity
Certification Scheme (PCCS)
_,`_
Scheme
drafting
Accreditation
nput /
Feedback
Comments
Figure 3 : PCCS Preparation and Readiness oI CBs Essential
7
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
6
There are essentially two stages oI surveillance audits by the certiIying body. Stage I audit
includes the documental checks and understanding oI the manuIacturing process. Stage II
audit would be a detailed inspection oI the Iactory operations together with the sampling oI
materials Ior testing in accredited laboratory. Upon the satisIactory completion and closing
out oI any non-conIormities, product certiIicate would be Iirst time issued to the manuIacturer.
ThereaIter, the manuIacturer would be subject to periodic surveillance, at Irequency oI 6
months to one year, as a continuous monitoring on the perIormance. Should the Iactory Iails
to comply with the certiIication scheme subsequently, product certiIication would be
suspended until the non-conIormities are rectiIied. Table 1 indicates the Irequency oI
surveillance visits.
Applicant makes initial enquiry to CB
(_,) for certification
Applicant submits
application (_) to CB
Submission of quality manual and technical
information (_][) of product
Stage 1 Audit (,-_|)
Review documents and understanding
of production process (_j_[)
Stage 2 Audit (,._|)
Checking on management system,
raw materials, production,
transportation, QC laboratory (()
[_,,|)
Sampling and testing (+,,)
witnessed by audit team
Rectify NC
if required
({IZ_|)
Approve and issue formal product
certificate (_,[)
Surveillance visits (_) and
renewal audits ([)
at agreed intervals
Figure 4 : WorkIlow oI Product CertiIication
7
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
- 7 -
Table 1: Frequency oI Surveillance Visits
Intervals Fire product QSPSC Tile
Adhesive
Repair
Mortar
Cement
Surveillance
Audit
6 9 months 3 months
1
st
year
1 year 1 year 6 months
2
nd
Cycle (SV) 6 9 months 4 months
2
nd
year
6 months
3
rd
year
1 year 1 year 6 months
Re-certiIication
Audit
3
rd
Year 3
rd
Year 3
rd
Year 3
rd
Year 3
rd
Year
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROUDCT CERTIFICATION IN HA PRO1ECTS
To eIIectively implement product certiIication, the HA has included in stages in the contract
speciIication the requirement Ior product certiIicates oI various products. The programme
Ior implementation are given in Table 2 :
Table 2: Implementation Programme
Product Projects Tender Out Date
(on or after)
Fire-rated Timber Door and
Panel Wall Partition
5/2010
Cement Products and Tile
Adhesive
8/2010
Repair Mortar and Ceramic
Tiles
12/2010
CURRENT PROGRESS OF ISSURANCE OF PROUDCT CONFORMITY
CERTIFICATION SCHEME (PCCS)
With sincere gratitude to the related proIessional institutes and stakeholders, the Iollowing
product conIormity certiIication scheme (PCCS) are available (see Table 3) :-
Table 3: Product ConIormity CertiIication Scheme (PCCS)
Building Materials/Products Product Conformity Certification
Scheme (PCCS)
Panel Walls (Fire Resistance) Available
Timber Doorsets (Fire Resistance) Available
Cement Products Available
Tile Adhesives Available
Repair Mortars Available
Ceramic Tiles Available
CURRENT PROGRESS OF SUPPLIERS APPLYING FOR PRODUCT
CERTIFICATION
Since the implementation oI product certiIication in the HA tenders, product certiIicates are
issued progressively and Table 4 shows the current development progress.
8
- 8 -
Table 4: Current Development Progress oI Product CertiIication in the HA Tenders
Building Materials/
Products
Suppliers Certification Status
(date of obtaining product
certificate)
Panel walls 1. Buildmates Product CertiIicate issued
(4/2011)
2.Yau Lee Wah Stage I Audit in progress
Timber doorset 1. Kwong Yin wing Koo Stage II audit in progress
2. Tai Wah Stage II Audit in progress
Cement product 1. Green Island Product CertiIicate issued
(5/2011)
2. Continental Cement and
Gypsum
Product CertiIicate issued
(5/2011)
3. Wealth Bridge Product CertiIicate issued
(5/2011)
4. Macau Cement Stage II Audit in progress
Tile adhesive 1. E-mix Product CertiIicate issued
(4/2011)
2. Optimx Product CertiIicate issued
(4/2011)
3. Scoretech Product CertiIicate issued
(3/2011)
CONCLUSION
Product certiIication is a new and innovative initiative in the Hong Kong industry. It can
promote industrial quality through upstream control oI the Iactory production and ensure
consistent production quality. Not only will it provide greater conIidence on products to
clients and contractors, it will also enhance business opportunities and competitiveness oI
manuIacturers. As a result, it oIIers a win-win situation to all related stakeholders. To
these ends, we thereIore appeal to all Ior the support oI this meaningIul initiative on product
certiIication.
8
9
CERTIFICATION OF REINFORCED FILL PRODUCTS
FOR USE IN
PERMANENT REINFORCED FILL STRUCTURES AND SLOPES
K C Lam
Geotechnical Engineering OIIice
Civil Engineering and Development Department
The Government oI the HKSAR
The Geotechnical Engineering Office/Civil Engineering and Development
Department operates a certification svstem to regulate the use of reinforcing products
comprising new/unproven materials, especiallv if its long-term tensile strength and
stress-strain characteristics are temperature and time dependent. The certification svstem
is set up to ensure the safetv of permanent structures and slopes constructed with these
products. Apart from ensuring consistent and satisfactorv standards in the provision of
these products, the certification svstem facilitates their specification and saves time for
designers, contractors, manufacturers, and the Government bv eliminating repetitive
checking of product proposals.
1. INTRODUCTION
ReinIorced Iill is a compacted mass oI Iill with predominantly horizontal layered reinIorcing
elements to improve its tensile and shear capacities. The Iill may be processed (such as
crushed rock Irom quarries) or naturally occurring materials (such as soil deriving Irom
in-situ weathering oI granitic and volcanic rocks). Permanent reinIorced Iill structures and
slopes are deIined as structures or slopes with an intended liIe longer than two years, and
which are constructed using reinIorced Iill with or without Iacing elements.
2. USE OF REINFORCED FILL IN HONG KONG
The concept oI reinIorced Iill is not new. The Iirst reinIorced Iill structure in Hong Kong
was constructed in 1981. It is a wall with a modest height oI 11m and length oI 60m. In
the space oI 30 years, about 130 reinIorced Iill structures have been or are being constructed
in Hong Kong.
The most common usage oI the reinIorced Iill technique in Hong Kong is either as retaining
walls or Iill slopes in association with site Iormation works Ior highways, railways and
building platIorms. Other applications include highway bridge abutments, slope repairs and
river training works. Most oI the completed reinIorced Iill structures or slopes are ranged
5m to 15m in height, but a 40m high reinIorced Iill wall had been constructed in North West
Tsing Yi to support a highway interchange that links Route 3 with the North Lantau
Expressway.
Guidance on the design oI permanent reinIorced Iill structures and slopes can be Iound in
Geoguide 6, 'Guide to ReinIorced Fill Structures and Slope Design`.
The most common reinIorcements are Iormed Irom metallic or polymeric materials.
Metallic reinIorcement are usually made Irom galvanized steel and Iormed as strips, grids or
Ceilificalion of Reinfoiced IiII Iioducls
foi Use in Ieinanenl Reinfoiced IiII Sliucluies and SIopes
10
anchors. Their material properties and rate oI corrosion are reasonably well established.
Polymeric reinIorcement are commonly manuIactured Irom polyester Iibers and high density
polyethylene (HDPE) grids. The tensile strength and extension characteristic oI polymeric
reinIorcement are a Iunction oI the tensile properties oI the constituent materials and the
geometrical arrangement oI the elements. Moreover, the long-term tensile strength and
stress-strain characteristics oI polymeric materials are temperature and time dependent.
These products require extensive and long term testing beIore appropriate values can be
determined Ior design purposes.
In addition, the Iollowing properties need to be careIully appraised beIore polymeric
reinIorcement can be allowed to be used in permanent reinIorced Iill:
(i) Durability although modern polymeric reinIorcement are highly durable polymers,
they will degrade as a result oI a number oI diIIerent actions, including ultraviolet
light, high energy radiation, oxidation, hydrolysis and chemical reactions.
(ii) Creep and Stress Rupture the ambient operating temperature coincide with the
visco-elastic phase oI many polymer based materials. Depending on the
temperature and the level oI load, polymeric reinIorcement may continue to creep,
and it may break aIter a certain time (i.e. stress rupture).
(iii) Temperature EIIects temperature aIIects the rate oI creep and the stress-rupture
characteristics oI polymeric reinIorcement. This needs to be taken into account iI
design creep data is obtained at temperatures which are diIIerent Irom that
occurring in service.
(iv) Construction Damage polymeric reinIorcement are usually more sensitive to
construction damage.
3. CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR PROPRIETARY REINFORCEMENT
The Iacing units, reinIorcing elements and connections used in reinIorced Iill structures oIten
comprise proprietary products developed and supplied by special companies. The
Geotechnical Engineering OIIice/Civil Engineering and Development Department
(GEO/CEDD) recognizes that because oI the variety oI materials used, and the complex
design Ieatures incorporated in many oI them, it will be impractical to deIine standard
properties and perIormance parameters which will cover all available products, as well as
those which may become available in Iuture. ThereIore GEO/CEDD developed a
certiIication system in 2002 to regulate the use oI proprietary products involving non-metallic
(e.g. polymeric) reinIorcements in Hong Kong.
The certiIication system examines the eIIects oI material variability, construction damage,
environment eIIects on material durability, and other special Iactors including hydrolysis,
creep and stress rupture that are related to these reinIorcing products.
Through the issue oI Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (Works)
No. 24/2003, the proprietary polymeric reinIorcing products are required to be certiIied by
GEO/CEDD beIore they are used in permanent reinIorced Iill structures and slopes in
Government projects. Metallic reinIorcing products, the long-term strength and stress-strain
characteristics oI which are well established, do not require certiIication.
11
4. OPERATION OF THE CERITIFCATION SYSTEM
4.1 Administration of the Certification System
The Director oI Civil Engineering and Development (DCED) issues the certiIicate Ior a
reinIorced product to be used in permanent reinIorced Iill structures or slopes. The Deputy
Head oI GEO (Island) (DH(I)) is the policy controller oI the ReinIorced Fill CertiIication
System. The ChieI Geotechnical Engineer/Geotechnical Projects (CGE/GP) is responsible
Ior the administration oI the System with the technical vetting carried out by the ReinIorced
Fill Advisory Panel (RFAP). Membership oI the RFAP is drawn Irom a range oI GEO
Divisions including District Divisions. The RFAP submits to CGE/GP Ior agreement on the
Iindings oI its assessment oI applications Ior product certiIication.
4.2 Assessment of Applications
Application Ior reinIorced Iill product certiIication requires the applicant to submit suIIicient
inIormation to justiIy the long-term tensile strength oI the submitted products. The current
evaluation process requires the applicant to provide a submission containing physical
description oI the reinIorced Iill products, history oI its use, manuIacturers` quality control
and quality assurance programme, detailed assessment oI the long-term tensile strength and
the pullout and sliding resistance oI the products. A detailed breakdown oI the submission
requirements can be obtained Irom the CEDD Website
http:/www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/services/geotechnical/certiIication/index.htm.
The RFAP assesses the applications with particular attention paid to the Iollowing aspects:
(i) Environmental eIIects on material durability and other special Iactors including
hydrolysis, creep and stress rupture.
(ii) Procedures undertaken by the manuIacturers and suppliers to ensure adequate
quality assurance oI their products, including possession oI ISO 9001 certiIicate,
and identiIication oI the products delivered to site.
(iii) Long-term design strengths and other relevant design considerations (e.g.
interaction between Iill and reinIorcement).
(iv) Potential Ior construction damage to reinIorcing products in typical Hong Kong Iill.
(v) Requirement Ior compliance testing oI the products and oI the Iill during
construction.
GEO/CEDD has also engaged a specialist consultant to provide expert advice Ior the
assessment oI the submissions, iI considered necessary. For example, the RFAP may seek
expert advice on the assessment oI the allowable long-term design load capacity oI the
product in typical Hong Kong environment, taking into account the eIIects oI creep, oxidation
and hydrolysis at a design temperature oI 30
o
C Ior a design liIe oI 60, 75,100 and 120 years.
4.3 Reinforced Fill Product Certificate
The reinIorced Iill product certiIicates are signed by DCED to cover the types oI reinIorcing
products Iound acceptable Ior use in Hong Kong. The list oI certiIied reinIorcing products
and their details can be Iound at the CEDD Website
http:/www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/services/geotechnical/certiIication/index.htm.
Ceilificalion of Reinfoiced IiII Iioducls
foi Use in Ieinanenl Reinfoiced IiII Sliucluies and SIopes
12
Individual product certiIicates speciIy the products` long term design strengths and the
conditions Ior use in Hong Kong. Requirements Ior compliance testing are also stipulated.
A certiIicate is valid Ior a minimum period oI 2 years. The validity period will be reviewed
when its history oI perIormance in Hong Kong has been established. Changes in the
manuIacturing, quality control testing and material supply source to certiIied products and
changes in supply chain traceability shall require a re-assessment oI the products.
5. CONCLUSION
A certiIication system has been developed to regulate the use oI proprietary reinIorcing
products in reinIorced Iill. The characteristics oI these reinIorcing products are temperature
and time dependent which will require extensive and long term testing well in advance oI the
normal design phase oI a project. The certiIication system examines the eIIects oI material
variability, construction damage, environmental eIIects on material durability, and other
special Iactors including hydrolysis, creep and stress rupture that are related to these
reinIorcing products. The certiIication system ensures consistent and satisIactory standards
in the provision oI these products, Iacilitates their speciIication, and saves time Ior designers,
contractors, manuIacturers, suppliers and the Government by eliminating repetitive checking
oI project proposals.
REFERENCES
GEO (2002). Guide to ReinIorced Fill Structures and Slope Design (Geoguide 6).
Geotechnical Engineering OIIice, Civil Engineering Department, Hong Kong, 236p.
ETWB (2003). Environment, Transport and Works Bureau Technical Circular (Works) No.
24/2003: Permanent ReinIorced Fill Structures and Slopes
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper is published with the permission oI the Head oI the Geotechnical Engineering
OIIice and the Director oI Civil Engineering and Development Department, the Government
oI the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
13
ISO 22000
FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Simon Leung
SGS Hong Kong Ltd
The saIety oI Iood is paramount to the health and well being oI consumers and the economic
viability oI industries involved in the Iood chain. No organisation can aIIord to ignore its legal
obligations with regard to Iood saIety. Implicit in the successIul management oI Iood saIety is
the development oI an eIIective Iood saIety management system.
A Iood saIety management system (FSMS) is a management system that Iocuses on driving
and improving Iood saIety perIormance, legal compliance and enhancement oI consumer
conIidence through identiIying and managing Iood saIety related hazards. While HACCP
(hazard analysis critical control point) technique and certiIication was introduced in the last
two decades, ISO 22000 requires organization to establish Iood saIety policy and objectives,
establish Prerequisites programmes (PRP), perIorm hazard analysis, establish operational
PRPs and HACCP, tracking perIormance through monitoring and measurement, implement
corrective action and conducting management review to look Ior continue improvement
Based on the Deming PDCA (Plan-do-check-it) cycle, ISO 22000 has the same basic structure
as other international management system standards such as PAS 220, BRC/IFS, ISO series
oI standards. It can be implemented to various types oI organization within the Iood chain
implement such as Ieed producers, primary producers, Iood manuIacturers, transport and
storage operators and subcontractors to retail and Iood service outlets together with related
organizations such as producers oI equipment, packaging material, cleaning agents, additives
and ingredients.
15
OHSAS 18001
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Paxson W H Cheng
SGS Hong Kong Ltd.
The aim of the article is to review the implementation, accreditation and
certification status of OHSAS 18001 in Hong Kong. It is the latest in the fournev manv
countries and organi:ations have made in their commitment to establish a formal and
recognised mechanism for managing occupational health & safetv. OHSAS 18001 has been
specificallv designed to provide such a mechanism and was developed with the requirements
of both ISO 9001.2008 and ISO 14001.2004 in mind, therebv allowing readv integration of
management svstems and the efficiencies that this can bring, as well as implicitlv recogni:ing
an organi:ations own business needs. There are a number of OHSAS 18001s accreditations
have been launched in the market, but not popular as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. An
increasing trend of OHSAS 18001s certification had been identified globallv and locallv.
The organi:ation trend to seek for integrated management svstem certification directlv.
INTRODUCTION
OHSAS 18001 is an international speciIication which deIines a set oI requirements Ior an
Occupational Health & SaIety Management System (OHSMS) which would be suitable Ior
any kind and size oI organization. At present, no ISO standard is available which deIines the
requirements Ior a OHSMS, although national standards bodies have developed standards,
and some have adopted OHSAS 18001 as a national standard. OHSAS18001 was developed
by a committee oI interested parties including national standards` bodies, certiIication bodies,
learned bodies and industry representatives.
PDCA+CI Management Cycle
The basic approach taken within OHSAS 18001 is the Iamiliar mechanism oI PLAN ~ DO ~
CHECK ~ ACT with CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT (PDCA CI) and it systematically
requires the organization to:
Detail an Occupational Health & SaIety Policy applicable to its operations
IdentiIy the OHS hazards and risks which the organization needs to manage
IdentiIy the legal and similar constraints on the organization
DeIine and implement the means oI managing these issues and requirements
Set up the means oI eIIecting continual improvement in the organization`s occupational
health & saIety perIormance
Check and review the eIIectiveness oI controls and improvements
The typical PDCACI cycle is presented in the Diagram 1. This cycle cover all OHSMS`s
essential management elements.
OHSAS 18OO1 OccupalionaI HeaIlh and Safely (OHS) Managenenl Syslen
16
Diagram 1. PDCACI Cvcle for Establishing, Implementing, Maintaining and Continual
Improving of OHSMS
Advantages of OHSAS 18001
The advantages oI implementation and maintenance oI OHSMS are well known. Some
signiIicant advantages are listed as below:
Demonstrating organization commitment on OHS;
Meeting the increasing social OHS expectation nowadays;
Building up the organization`s reputation in the society;
Proactively managing OHS in the workplace thru PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT management
model;
Establishing positive saIety culture amongst the organization;
Increasing employees` morale and productivity;
Saving insurance and medical expense;
Flavoring in bidding tender;
Eliminating/ reducing risks to as low as reasonably practicable;
Preventing/ reducing number oI personal injuries and/ or interruption to the production as
the result oI incident;
Assuring the compliance with the local legislation and other requirements;
Simply integrating with Quality Management System (QMS) ISO9001 and Environmental
Management System (EMS) ISO14001;
17
OHSAS 18001 and Other Equivalent Guidelines and Requirements
There are so many diIIerent OHSMS`s guideline and requirements around the world. The
core management elements oI various OHSMSs are similar and share the common ultimate
objective (i.e. improvement oI OHS perIormance). But, these were not all mandatory.
These OHSMS`s guidelines and/or requirements are tabulated as Iollows, see Table 1:
Table 1: Some OHSMS`s Guidelines and/or Requirements in the World
Countries / Locations / Areas Standard / Guideline / Requirement
Argentina IRAM 3801:1998, Occupational health and saIety
management systems.
Australia and New Zealand AS/NZS 4801:2001, Occupational Health & SaIety
Management Systems - speciIication with guidance Ior
use
China GB/T 28001:2001 Occupational SaIety and Health
Management System SpeciIications (based on
OHSAS 18001)
Hong Kong Factories and Industrial Undertakings (SaIety
Management) Regulation: 2000
Japan The Japan Industrial SaIety and Health Association
(JISHA) OSHMS Standards:2006 (Amendment 2);
Issued 2003, Revised 2007
USA ANSI Z10:2005
INTEGRATION OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (IMS)
OHSAS 18001 are commonly integrate with QMS ISO9001 and EMS ISO14001 among
diIIerent industries sector in HKSAR including property management company, construction
and engineering company and some HKSAR Government. Since December 2001, Hong
Yip Service Co. Ltd. have certiIied against three standards (i.e. ISO 9001, ISO 14001 &
OHSAS 18001) via IMS management system audit by SGS HK Ltd. Moreover, Electrical
and Mechanical Services Department has been certiIicated against IMS since 2002.
Documentation of IMS
In general, the documentation oI OHSMS is consisted oI Iour levels (i.e. manual, procedures,
work instructions and records). One management system manual describe all core
management elements (e.g. Policy and Hazard IdentiIication, Risk Assessment and
Determining oI Control), and make reIerence to standard operation procedures. Procedure
describes the management system procedure (e.g. Procedure Ior Emergency Preparedness and
Response and Procedure Ior PerIormance Measurement and Monitoring). Detail operation
procedure should be lined down in work instruction base on operating activities (e.g. Work
Instruction Ior Manual Handling.) Record should be maintained Ior demonstrating oI
management system and attaining results. The Iour levels` documentation structure is
shown below, see Diagram 2:
18
Diagram 2: Typical IMS`s Documentation Structure
OHSAS 18001`S ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION
OHSAS 18001`s Accreditation Status
Accreditation is the procedure by which an authoritative body gives Iormal recognition that a
body or person is competent to carry out speciIic tasks. Accreditation by an International
Accreditation Forum (IAF) Multilateral Recognition Arrangement (MLA) member assures
users that the accredited body (AB) is independent and competent, and delivers its services in
the most time and cost eIIective way.
ABs are established in many countries, oIten by government or with the encouragement oI
government, with the primary purpose oI ensuring that certiIication/registration bodies in the
country are subject to oversight by an authoritative body. United Kingdom Accreditation
Service (UKAS) is one oI most recognized certiIication in HK`s manuIacturing and trading
industries. Hong Kong Accreditation Service (HKAS) and China National Accreditation
Service (CNAS) are also common in HK, especially in construction and engineering
industries.
Accreditation Ior OHSAS 18001 is not as prevalent as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. HKAS
launched this accreditation service on 28 July 2011 to align with the development oI HK
testing and certiIication industries.
OHSAS 18001`s Certification Status
CertiIication is a process to certiIies that a product, service, system, process or material
conIorms to speciIic requirements by an independent and competent third party (i.e.
CertiIication Body (CB)). For management system certiIication the most well known
examples are the certiIication oI QMSs, EMSs and OHSMSs as conIorming, respectively, to
ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 standards.
19
In 2009, 1,064,785 organizations in 178 countries were certiIied with QMSs that comply with
ISO 9001, and 223,149 organizations in 159 countries were certiIied with EMSs that comply
with ISO 14001. However, only around 54,000 organizations in 116 countries were certiIied
with OHSMSs that comply with OHSAS 18001 (or equivalent). For details OHSAS 18001`s
certiIication status, see Figure 1.
The number oI certiIicate increment has been identiIied and positive trend was observed as
well. The increment`s momentum is mainly due to some buyers request her contractor or
vendor to be certiIied against OHSAS 18001 in order to maintaining oI their business
partnership. The buyer aim to demonstrate her social accountability and sustainability
through out her entire supplier chain. For example, Housing Authority oI HKSAR request
her contractors to have ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 to maintain their approval
status.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Year 2009 Year 2008 Year 2007 Year 2006 Year 2004 Year 2003
N
o
.

o
f

C
o
u
n
t
r
i
e
s
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
N
o
.

o
f

C
e
r
t
i
f
i
c
a
t
e
s
No. of countries where
certification has occurred
Total no. of OHSAS 18001
(or equivalent) certificates
reported
Figure 1: OHSAS 18001`s CertiIication Status Irom 2003 to 2009
Typical OHSAS 18001`s Certification Processes
The typical certiIication processes are divided into Iour phases, namely, (1) Pre-audit, (2)
Audit, (3) Post-audit (Follow-up) and (4) Surveillance and Renewal. The overall
certiIication process normally takes around 3 to 6 months and the on-site assessment duration
is depended on the organization`s OHS and management system`s complexity, number oI
assessment location, industrial/business sector and size. Details process Ilows are shown as
below Figure 2.
During the assessment, the audit Iindings may be classiIied as non-conIormity. And CB
shall issue a Corrective Action Request (CAR) to the organization Ior Iollow-up. Some
common non-conIormities are tabulated as shown (See Table 2).
20
Figure 2: Typical OHSAS 18001`s CertiIication Processes
Table 2: Some Common OHSAS 18001`s Non-conIormities
OHSAS`s
Clause #
Element of
Management
Description of common non-conformities
4.3.1 Hazard
identiIication,
Risk
assessment &
Determining
oI control
Non-routine situations have not been identiIied and
thereIore not evaluated, e.g. start up or shut down oI
processes, breakdown maintenance, etc.
Relevant parts oI an organization`s operations have
been missed, e.g. remote worksites, separate
warehousing, travelling sales staII etc.
Changes to the process or organization have not been
reviewed Ior potential hazards and subsequent risks,
e.g. new plant, equipment, materials, personnel or
process.
4.4.2 Competence,
Training &
Awareness
No evidence oI training or competence
Ignorance oI required standards
Lack oI knowledge oI procedures
4.4.6 Operational
control
No link between the risk assessment and the control
method,
Communication with suppliers and contractors
21
CONCLUSIONS
OHSAS 18001`s certiIication have been widely adopted in diIIerent industries in both public
and private sectors. To maintain business relationship with buyer is recognized one oI major
consideration Ior seeking certiIication/registration oI its OHSMS by a CB. Nowadays, the
organization trend to seek Ior IMS`s certiIication, instead oI single standard against OHSAS
18001. More and more ABs have launched the OHSAS 18001`s accreditation in the market,
hence the OHSAS 18001`s certiIication should be under better control in Iuture.

23
FEI CUI (JADEITE JADE) CERTIFICATION
Dominic Mok
Asian Gemological Institute and Laboratory Ltd.
The increasing demand for natural Fei Cui Jadeite Jade in various colours,
carvings, and fewellerv designs has demanded the certification of Fei Cui Jadeite Jade using
non-destructive conventional and advanced instruments.
The 10x lens, polariscope, specific gravitv attachment, refractometer, ultraviolet lamp and
spectroscope are those of conventional gemmological instruments. Ramen Spectrometrv
identifies diverse mineral contents in Fei Cui Jadeite Jade specimens. Infrared Spectrometrv
gives spectra which can distinguish Jadeite mineral as well as resin content, especiallv in
specimens that do not respond to conventional tests. X-rav Fluorescence analv:es semi-
quantitative chemical composition and trace elements responsible for colour, UJ-Jis
Spectrophotometer analv:es the absorption spectrum of fadeite it also distinguishes dved and
natural colour fadeite.
INTRODUCTION
The increasing demand Ior natural Fei Cui Jadeite Jade in various colours, carvings, and
jewellery designs has demanded the certiIication oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade using non-destructive
conventional and advanced instruments.
Fei Cui Jadeite Jade is a kind oI tough, lustrous, vivid coloured precious gem with a compact
structure mainly produced Irom Myanmar (Burma). The chemical composition oI Fei Cui
Jadeite Jade is sodium aluminum silicate and it has a polycrystalline structure. The hardness
is 6.5-7 in Mho`s scale, the average speciIic gravity value is 3.33, and the reIractive index is
approximately 1.66. It contains chromium, iron and manganese transitional elements that
cause the beautiIul rainbow colour range. Colours include colourless, white, red, orange,
yellow, brown, green, purple and black, etc.
In Hong Kong, the jewellery trade classiIies Fei Cui Jadeite Jade into three types:
Type A: Fei Cui jadeite Jade has not been subjected to any chemical treatment to alter
the appearance and structure oI the stone.
Type B: Fei Cui Jadeite Jade that has been bleached by concentrated acid and alkali
solution, and then with resin impregnation process. The Type B Fei Cui is Iirst
bleached to remove yellow, brown or near black. The green colour remains, but
the structure is damaged and transparency decreases. Then it is impregnated
with colourless resin to improve the transparency. II the resin is coloured, it is
then named as Type BC.
Type C: Fei Cui Jadeite Jade which has its colour improved by dyeing is called Type C.
There are many steps in Fei Cui Jadeite Jade testing procedure, Iirstly, Iind out the tested
stone is Fei Cui Jadeite Jade or not; secondly identiIy whether any treatment(s) has been taken
placed.
Ieicui (}adeile }ade) Ceilificalion
24
FEI CUI 1ADEITE 1ADE OR NOT?
Eye Inspection and 10X Lens
Observing the colour, lustre and texture oI Fei cui jadeite jade by naked eye and/or 10X lens
can give a primary identiIication impression.
Polariscope Test
Fei Cui Jadeite Jade is a polycrystalline mineral. It shows all light` reaction on this
instrument, whereas simulants may show all dark, light / dark or all light reactions.
Specific Gravity Test
The average speciIic gravity (S.G.) oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade is 3.33, which can be accurately
measured by using the electronic balance iI it is unmounted.
Refractometer Test
This instrument can be used to measure the reIractive index oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade whether or
not the Jadeite is mounted or loose stones. The average R.I. oI Fei cui jadeite jade is 1.66.
Most oI the simulants give higher or lower readings.
ANY TREATMENTS?
Spectroscope
The vivid green colour Fei Cui Jadeite Jade shows 3 bands in the red region oI the visible
spectrum and an absorption line in the violet region. Green Jadeite dyed with chromium salts
will show a broad Iuzzy band in the red region, and sometimes an additional grey band in the
orange region.
Microscopic Examination
DiIIerent types oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade may display slightly diIIerent magniIied texture under
viewed in a microscope. Type A has a Iairly smooth surIace texture appearance, most Type B
shows spider`s web` appearance, and Type C may shows dye colour concentrated in veins
between the gaps oI polycrystalline structure.
Ultra Violet Fluorescence
Most Type A Fei Cui Jadeite Jade will inert under ultra violet long wave radiation, whereas
Type B Fei Cui Jadeite Jade may Iluoresce medium to weak chalky white. However, some
Type A Fei Cui Jadeite Jade may show the same result; thereIore, this test should be taken as
an indication only.
Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR)
The reliable way to Iind out whether or not a tested sample contains resin is the application oI
Fourier TransIorm inIrared spectrometer. It is because resin is hydrocarbon organic substance,
it will display a diagnostic spectrum under this test.
The Reflection IR Spectra
Sophisticated Gemmological Laboratories have used InIrared Spectrometers to test the resin
content oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade Ior many years. But using the inIrared spectrum between 1600
and 400 cm-1 to check the reIlection IR spectrum has been in use Ior only a Iew years. The
molecules oI gem materials have speciIic absorption areas that are displayed by their inIrared

25
spectra and these areas and Iorm the reIlection IR spectrum oI gem minerals. Gems can be
identiIied and conIirmed through an established gemstone reIlection IR spectra database.
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysing the composition and structure oI gems. The UV-visible
light absorption spectrum is the characteristic molecular absorption spectrum caused by the
energy level transition oI electrons in Fei Cui Jadeite Jade under the action oI electromagnetic
radiation emitted by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Fei Cui Jadeite Jade can be identiIied by
analysing its UV-visible light absorption spectrum.
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
X-ray Iluorescence analysis is an advanced method Ior testing the semi-quantitative chemical
composition and trace elements oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade. The colour oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade
can be determined by means oI its trace elements. The colouring elements oI some novelty
colours oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade, such as pink, grayish blue and black, can be determined by X-
ray Iluorescence analysis. For example, Chromium (Cr) is the main colouring element oI
green Fei Cui Jadeite Jade.
CONCLUSION
The overwhelming presence oI treated Fei Cui Jadeite Jade in recent years has been a major
worry Ior the jewellery industry. Modern treated Fei Cui Jadeite Jade closely resembles the
appearance and some properties oI natural Fei Cui Jadeite Jade. Those Fei Cui Jadeite Jade oI
treated 'type B, 'type BC and 'type C may be mistaken Ior high value natural Fei Cui
Jadeite Jade, making consumers more leery oI buying Fei Cui Jadeite Jade. Contemporary Fei
Cui Jadeite Jade testing has developed into a stream oI science. The gemmologist needs to
analyse objectively by combining various testing data in order to identiIy the nature oI Fei
Cui Jadeite Jade accurately and objectively. Accurate scientiIic tests will saIeguard consumers
as well as the industry.
Figure 1: Fine Fei Cui Jadeite Jade Jewellery
26
Figure 2: Polariscope
Figure 3: S.G. Attachments Fitted into an Electronic Balance
Figure 4: The Gemmological ReIractometer

27
Figure 5: The Gemmological Spectroscope
Figure 6: Fei Cui Jadeite Jade Spectrum -
(Top) Natural Green Colour; (Bottom) Dyed Green
Figure 7: High quality oI natural Fei Cui Jadeite Jade has a Iairly smooth surIace texture
28
Figure 8: Type B Fei Cui Jadeite Jade may shows surIace Spiders web` appearance
Figure 9: Dyed jadeite may shows dye colour concentrated in veins
between the gaps oI polycrystalline structure.
Figure 10: ProIessional Ultraviolet Lamp Stored with Dark Room Cabinet

29
Figure 11: Under UV-long wave radiation - Type A Jadeite Jade usually inert (leIt),
Most Type B may displayed medium to weak chalky white Iluorescence (right).
Figure 12: FTIR Fourier TransIorm InIrared Spectrometer
Specially Designed Ior Testing Fei Cui Jadeite Jade.
Figure 13: Mid-IR Spectrum oI Type A (leIt) and Type B (right)
30
Figure 14: ReIlection IR Spectrum oI Fei Cui Jadeite Jade
Figure 15: The UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
Figure 16: The UV-Visible Spectrum oI Type A Fei Cui Jadeite Jade

31
Figure 17: The X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Used in Fei Cui Jadeite Jade Testing
Figure 18: The Iirst Fei Cui Jadeite Jade Testing CertiIicate accredited by
the HKAS oI Hong Kong SAR government.
33
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
33
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
JeweIIery QuaIity Management System -
An Overview
1ommy 1sui
Certifiea Cevvotogi.t ;Diavova), Certifiea Cevvotogi.t ;ei Cvi)
igbCert ;]eretr, De.igv), ecvtire Ditova iv Mgvt ;]eretr,) ;Pot,|)
DC. ;|K), C. ;|K), C.K, KC.
Laboratory Director, Luk look loldings Ltd
resentat|on Content
1) 8aslc ConcepLs of !ewellery CrafLsmanshlp
2) key ALLrlbuLes of !ewellery CuallLy
3) !ewellery CuallLy ManagemenL SysLem
4) Summary & vlew Sharlng
Iewe||ery ua||ty Management System
1) 8as|c Concepts of Iewe||ery Craft-based
roduct|on System
!ewellery producLlon sysLem ls composed of serles of
crafLsmanshlp lnLenslve processes.
SpeclalLles of [ewellery crafLsmanshlp
!ewellery crafLsmanshlp can hardly be expllclLly
descrlbed & fully expressed by words: a klnd of LaclL
know-how.
!ewellery crafLsmanshlp ls galned Lhrough learn-by-
dolng (maklng) approach ln a masLer & apprenLlce
sysLem".
1) key Concepts of the Nature &
Attr|butes of Iewe||ery
Craftsmansh|p*
Iree Craftsmansh|p (hand crafLsmanshlp):
1he masLer model maker LranslaLes Lhe
deslgner's vlsual drawlng lnLo a masLer
plece of [ewellery wlLh a hlgh level hand
crafLsmanshlp, l.e. free crafLsmanshlp,
wlLh hls arLlsLlc sense & lmaglnaLlon.
* Slu, norman W.C. (2001) ueslgn ln Lhe Pong kong !ewellery lndusLry: 1he 1ransformaLlon of Labour-lnLenslve
roducLlon Lhrough value-added CrafLsmanshlp. hu 1hesls, 1he Pong kong olyLechnlc unlverslLy, Pong kong.
Craftsmansh|p*
kegu|ated Craftsmansh|p (hand
crafLsmanshlp):
1he well Lralned skllled crafL-workers
operaLe Lhe fabrlcaLlon processes wlLh
regulaLed crafLsmanshlp : gold casLlng,
meLal flllng, gemsLone seLLlng,
elecLroplaLlng and pollshlng eLc.
Craftsmansh|p*
D|g|ta| Craftsmansh|p:
1he well Lralned ulglLal ColdsmlLh wlLh
a dlglLal crafLsmanshlp use CAu/CAM
sofLware & operaLe Lhe rapld
proLoLype machlne ln maklng 8
models for casLlng and reproducLlon.
34 35
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
1) key Concepts of the Nature & Attr|butes of
Iewe||ery Craftsmansh|p
Management of Craft-based roduct|on rocess :
- All Lhe [ewellery producLlon operaLlons demand a hlgh
level of crafLsmanshlp: free crafLsmanshlp, regulaLed
crafLsmanshlp & dlglLal crafLsmanshlp.
- 1he sklll, [udgmenL and experlence of Lhe crafLsmen,
crafL-worker and dlglLal goldsmlLh are very lmporLanL
facLors ln Lhe conLrol of Lhe quallLy of Lhe flnal producLs.
2) key Attr|butes of Iewe||ery ua||ty
Spec|f|cat|on of qua||ty attr|butes of [ewe||ery mater|a|s :
Cold and oLher preclous meLals: lSC SLandards of conLenL
of preclous meLal alloys
- ure Cold - Au999.9
- karaL gold - Au 916, Au730, Au383
- laLlnum - L999.3, L999, L930, L900, L830
CuallLy conLrol LesLes by Lechnlcal meLhods: llre Assay ,
lC or Lu x-ray.
- CuallLy gaLekeeper : englneer and Lechnlclan
Spec|f|cat|on of qua||ty attr|butes of [ewe||ery mater|a|s :
ulamond: 4Cs (CaraL, Colour, ClarlLy, CuL)
ulamond sorLlng & gradlng process wlLh 4C sLandard
- CuallLy gaLekeeper : gemmologlsL and professlonal
graders, e.g. CerLlfled CemmologlsL (ulamond)
Spec|f|cat|on of qua||ty attr|butes of [ewe||ery mater|a|s
CemsLones:
- ldenLlflcaLlon of lel Cul: naLural vs chemlcal LreaLmenL
and colour dyed
- ldenLlflcaLlon of coloured sLones : naLural vs synLheLlc
and arLlflclal LreaLmenL
- CuallLy gaLekeeper : gemmologlsL and professlonal
graders, e.g. CerLlfled CemmologlsL (lel Cul)
3) Iewe||ery ua||ty Management System
ua||ty contro| |n the key process of hand fabr|cat|on of
meta|
- Check Lhe gold afLer melLlng or casLlng Lo ensure Lhe gold
conLenL
- Check Lhe defaulLs or deformlng plece lnduced by casLlng
or oLher producLlon processes Lo reduce Lhe defecL raLe
aL every producLlon sLage, and Lo ensure good meLal"
for flnlshlng process
- CuallLy keeper - crafLsman and quallLy conLroller
3) Iewe||ery ua||ty Management System
1est|ng of every p|ece of processed |tems (qua||ty
assurance |n each department)
- Laklng [ewellery samples seL wlLh dlamond, gemsLones
and gold mounLlngs for random check aL every sLage of
producLlon Lo ensure Lhe quallLy and prevenL swlLch by
worker
- regular checklng Lhe Lools and machlne Lo malnLaln
Lhem ln good condlLlon
- CuallLy gaLekeeper : quallLy conLroller, LechnologlsL
and englneers.
}eveIIeiy QuaIily Managenenl Syslen - An Oveiviev
34 35
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
4) Summary & V|ew Shar|ng
Iewe||ery ua||ty Management System |s a very spec|a|
Craft-based MS mode|.
- !ewellery CMS ls susLalned by Lhe LoLallLy of CAs ln all Lhe
deparLmenLallzed producLlon sub-sysLems.
- A human-cenLered sysLem: hlghly rellance on human
facLor, l.e. gaLekeeper's sklll and [udgmenL.
- SupplemenLed by hlgh Lechnology equlpmenL Lo conduce
sclenLlflc analysls of conLenLs of fabrlcaLed meLals,
gemsLone ldenLlflcaLlon eLc.
4) Summary & V|ew Shar|ng
Cont|nuous Improvement & Cha||enges
- ConLlnue Lo geL a perfecL balance of crafLsmanshlp and
operaLlon sLandardlzaLlon
- uecodlng and arLlculaLlon of crafL-know how aLLrlbuLes
for Lhe modules of lnLernal Lralnlng programme
- SeLLlng a Cu-orlenLed career developmenL paLh for Lhe
lnLernal sLaff
THANKS
37
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CERTIFICATION (ISO 27001)
Kenneth Tsun, CertiIication OIIicer
SGS Hong Kong Ltd.
The ISO 27001.2005 Information Securitv Management Svstems (ISMS) standard
considers evervthing about risk. There are three core principles involved. confidentialitv,
integritv and availabilitv, which cover eleven areas. (i) securitv policv, (ii) organi:ation of
information securitv, (iii) asset management, (iv) human resources securitv, (v) phvsical and
environmental securitv, (vi) communications and operations management, (vii) access control,
(viii) information svstems acquisition, development and maintenance, (ix) information
securitv incident management, (x) business continuitv management and (xi) compliance The
first step in achieving ISO 27001.2005 certification is to define the scope of vour ISMS policv.
This is critical to identifving the dangers vou face and for deciding upon a svstematic
approach as to how to assess these risks. A successful ISMS includes standard steps for
implementation, operation, review, maintenance and svstem improvement.
INTRODUCTION
Most, iI not all, organizations today could not Iunction without modern and secure
inIormation and technology systems. Any disruption in the quality, quantity, distribution or
relevance oI your inIormation and data can put your business at risk. The security oI
inIormation systems and business-critical inIormation must be actively and constantly
managed in order to ensure the continuity oI your operations and the saIety oI your data and
systems. That is a challenge, but it is also a chance Ior your to stand out Irom the
competition and demonstrate a strong culture oI inIormation security management.
THE BENEFITS
CertiIication against ISO 27001:2005 enhances the credibility oI your organization and
demonstrates the integrity oI your data and systems and your commitment to inIormation
security.
It can also transIorm your organization`s culture both internally and externally, opening up
new business opportunities with security conscious customers, improving employee ethics
and strengthening the notion oI conIidentiality throughout the workplace. Furthermore, it
allows you to enIorce inIormation security and reduce the possible risk oI Iraud, inIormation
loss and disclosure.
39
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
39
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
r C K Cheung
Product Certification for
Aluminmun Window
Let us take an example of how
to implement product
certification of aluminium
window
Typical casement window
40 41
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Window Frictional Hinge
Development of a PCCS
for
Product Certification
of
Aluminium Window
Aluminium Window
Overall performance
BS6375 Window Requirement
1. Dimensional tests
2. Operation tests
3. Release of jammed sash
4. Resistance to obstructed stay track
5. Strength of restricted opening devices,
location devices and maximum opening
stops
6. Resistance to accidental loading
BS6375 Window Requirement
7. Air Permeability Test
8. Water Penetration (Static) Test
9. Structural Adequacy Static) Test
10. Water Penetration Test by Cyclic
Static Air Pressure Differential to ASTM
E547
Iioducl Ceilihcalion foi AIuninnun Windov
40 41
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Air inIiltration & water permeability
test to BS 6375
Aluminium Window
Aluminium alloy section
Frictional hinge (stainless steel)
Lock set (zinc alloy)
Glass (Tempered or annealed)
Gasket
Sealant
Extruded Aluminium Section
42 43
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Aluminum alloy to BS 1474 : 1987 and
include :
Requirement and result of chemical
analysis ;
Requirement and result of
mechanical property :
Tensile strength ;
Yield strength ;
Elongation
Extruded Aluminium Section Coating to aluminium
Anodic oxidation coating on aluminium : to
BS EN 12373-1 : 2001 for
natural anodizing and BS 3987 : 1991 for
coloured anodizing.
Test on coating
1. Visual inspection to BS3987
2. Coating thickness SO 1463
Window fastener test
Endurance of Fastener or Hardware to
Test 8 of SS 212
Frictional Hinge
42 43
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
4 Bar Hinge
1. Free from rust, cracks ;
2. Friction pivots are correctly
positioned at the sliding stays,
squarely pinned and not over-
clamped.

Facade Group
PRODUCT CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION SCHEME
FOR
FRICTIONAL HINGE
(PCCS - FH)
PARTS ONE & TWO
Administrative ReguIations
TechnicaI ReguIations
Issue 1
1 November 2010
HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
44 45
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Stainless steel sliding stay
Stainless steel grade for sliding stays and
base rails : of UNS Designation S30400 to
ASTM A240/A240M-09c, or equivalent
grade of other recognized standards
specified by the Purchaser.
Stainless steel grade for friction pivots: of
either UNS Designation S30200, S30400
or S30430 to ASTM A493-09, or
equivalent grade of other recognized
standards specified by the Purchaser.
Stainless steel friction pivot
3 Bar Hinge
commonly used in Singapore
commonly used in Singapore
Lock Set
44 45
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Glass
Toughened (Tempered) Glass
strength of thermally treated toughened
(tempered) glass can be 4 times as
strong as normal glass
when the glass breaks, it shatters into
small fragments that
remarkably reduces
the likelihood of
injury to people as
there are no jagged
edges or sharp
shards.
Gasket
46 47
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Sealant
Product Certification
of
Frictional Hinge

Facade Group
PRODUCT CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION SCHEME
FOR
FRICTIONAL HINGE
(PCCS - FH)
PARTS ONE & TWO
Administrative ReguIations
TechnicaI ReguIations
Issue 1
1 November 2010
HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
46 47
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
46 47
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Manufacturing Process Control
of
Stainless Steel 4 Bar Hinge
According to EN 10088-1 norms,
stainless steels are steels containing at
least 10.5 % chromium and maximum
1% carbon.
What is stainless steels ?
Four types of stainless steels
-Austenitic stainless steels
-Austenitic-ferritic (or duplex)
stainless steels
-Martensitic stainless steels
-Ferritic stainless steels.
Steel grades
AISI
304 *
(austenitic)
316 *
(austenitic)
329
(duplex)
---
(superaustenic)
EN
10088-1
1.4301 1.4436 1.4462 1.4529
Cogne
Grade
304HT 316HT 329HT 354/1
C <=0.07 <=0.05 <=0.03 <=0.02
Mn <=2.0 <=2.0 <=2.0 <=1.0
P <=0.045 <=0.045 <=0.035 <=0.030
S <=0.03 <=0.015 <=0.015 <=0.010
Si <=1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=0.5
Ni 8.0 - 10.5 10.0 - 13.0 4.5 - 6.5 24 - 26
Cr 17 - 19.5 16.5 - 18.5 21 - 23 19 - 21
Mo - 2.5 - 3.0 2.5 - 3.5 6 - 7
N <=0.11 <=0.11 0.1 - 0.2 0.15 - 0.25 + Cu
Austenitic and Austenitic-Ferritic (or duplex)
stainless steels
of
Stainless Steel 4 Bar Hinge Stainless Steel 4 Bar Hinge
According to EN 10088-1 norms,
stainless steels are steels containing at
What is stainless steels ?
1% carbon.
Four types of stainless steels
-Austenitic stainless steels
-Austenitic-ferritic (or duplex)
stainless steels stainless steels
-Martensitic stainless steels
-Ferritic stainless steels.

Steel grades
AISI
304 *
(austenitic)
316 *
(austenitic)
329
(duplex)
---
(superaustenic)
EN
10088-1
1.4301 1.4436 1.4462 1.4529
Cogne
Grade
304HT 316HT 329HT 354/1
Austenitic and Austenitic-Ferritic (or duplex)
stainless steels
C <=0.07 <=0.05 <=0.03 <=0.02
Mn <=2.0 <=2.0 <=2.0 <=1.0
P <=0.045 <=0.045 <=0.035 <=0.030
S <=0.03 <=0.015 <=0.015 <=0.010
Si <=1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=0.5
Ni 8.0 - 10.5 10.0 - 13.0 4.5 - 6.5 24 - 26
Cr 17 - 19.5 16.5 - 18.5 21 - 23 19 - 21
Mo - 2.5 - 3.0 2.5 - 3.5 6 - 7
N <=0.11 <=0.11 0.1 - 0.2 0.15 - 0.25 + Cu
48 49
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
of
Aluminium Window
48 49
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
50 51
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
50 51
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Evaluation of Conformity
(1) nitial Type Tests (TT)
(2) Plant Production Control (PPC)
(3) Audit Testing (AT)
a. Audit testing Surveillance visit
b. Audit testing - Reassessment
Alunimum Window
Dimensional check to Table 1 of the PCCS
- Overall size and individual member
nitial type test yes
Production Control Test yes say 1 per
2000 windows with a mini of 1 time per
year and max 1 time per month
Surveillance audit test yes
Reassessment audit test - yes
52 53
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Alunimum Window
Operation & strength tests BS 6375
Ease of fastener operation
Movement of sash
Release of jammed sash
Resistance to obstructed stay track
Strength of restricted opening devices,
location devices and maxi opening stop
Resistance to accidental loading
Alunimum Window
Operation & strength tests BS 6375
Production Control Test not required
Alunimum Window
Weathering-tightness tests BS 6375
including air permeability & water tightness
testing
Alunimum Window
Endurance test to Test 8 of SS 212
Extruded Alunimum Section
Chemical test to BS 1474
Mechanical test to BS 1474
Tensile test to BS 18
Production control test not required
Reassessment audit test yes
Anodic oxidation natural coating to BS EN
12373-1
Anodic oxidation coloured coating to BS
3987
Production control test not required
52 53
1
IMPLEMENTATION OF
QUALITY HOUSING
oI :-
Coating thickness to SO 1463
Production control test yes say 1 per
2000 windows with a mini of 1 time per
year and max 1 time per month
Non-certified 4-Bar Hinge
Friction pivots, sliding stays, base rails and
screws to ASTM A493-09
Certified 4-Bar Hinge
Friction pivots, sliding stays, base rails and
screws to ASTM A493-09
Surveillance audit test not required
Glass
Tempered glass to BS EN 14179
mpact strength to BS 6206
Annealed glass
Sealant
Sealant requirements in BS 5889: 1989
Gasket
Gasket specification to meet BS 4255:
Part 1: 1986
Hardness to BS 903: Part A26
Aging to BS 903: Part A19
54
CONCLUSON
Construction Product Certification is a new and
innovative initiative in the Hong Kong ndustry.
t requires the collaboration and cooperation of
various stakeholders to make it a success.
Large corporation/clients could take the lead to
drive ahead this meaningful initiative
End of the Talk
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