Owner

USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service,

Salt Lake City, UT
General Contractor
Schmidt Construction Inc., Cedar City, UT
Project Summary
Vibro Replacement & Deep Soil Mixing
Settlement Control & Ground Water Control
n October 2006 flood of the Fremont River destroyed
the Hanksville Dam and damaged 2,700 feet of canal.
The event washed out the existing irrigation dam, leav-
ing approximately 800 acres of agricultural fields without access
to water. To remedy the situation, a new concrete diversion dam
and a cutoff wall were to be constructed in the corridor of the
Fremont River approximately 2 miles upstream from the com-
munity of Hanksville.
Problem
The sands beneath the planned dam were weak and compress-
ible. The site soils needed to be improved to increase the bearing
capacity and to reduce the amount of settlement that would occur
under the new loads. Furthermore, the seepage of water beneath
the dam would need to be minimized.
Design Solution
Hayward Baker designed a Vibro replacement stone column pro-
gram to increase the bearing capacity and reduce settlement of
the site soils. The system consisted of primary stone columns on
a square grid over the entire improvement area, and secondary
columns located at the centers of the primary grid in areas that
directly support the dam structure and the dams wing walls. To
decrease the water flow beneath the diversion structure,
Hayward Baker installed a soil mix cutoff wall.
Construction
Hayward Baker constructed over 400 stone columns using the
dry bottom feed Vibro replacement method. Each column was 3
feet in diameter, with primary columns reaching a depth of 54
feet and secondary columns reaching a depth of 34 feet. Hayward
Baker also constructed 80, 4-foot-diameter wet soil mix
columns, spaced 2.5-feet on center, to a depth of 28 feet below
the concrete diversion structure. The overlapping columns creat-
ed a 3-foot-thick wall beneath the diversion structure.
Hanksville Diversion Reconstruction
Hanksville, UT
Hayward Baker installed stone columns using the dry bottom
feed Vibro replacement method.
A
Concrete
Diversion
Structure
Granular Material
Wet
Soil Mix
Cutoff
Wall
Rip Rap Rip Rap
0 ft -
5 ft -
10 ft -
15 ft -
20 ft -
25 ft -
30 ft -
35 ft -
40 ft -
45 ft -
50 ft -
54 ft -
2
8

f
t
Stone
Columns
The ground improvement area was roughly 90 feet wide with
over 400 stone columns. The soil mix cutoff wall consisted of 80
overlapping columns to create a 3-foot-thick wall running
beneath the diversion structure.
2009 Hayward Baker Inc.
(www.HaywardBaker.com)
1 of 2
Project Summary
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Hayward Baker verified that the design bearing capaci-
ty and settlement criteria were achieved by performing a
load test using a 6-foot-by-6-foot steel plate located over
a secondary stone column. An incremental load schedule
was applied until reaching 1.5 times the design load. The
project specifications required an allowable bearing
capacity of 3,000 psf with a maximum deflection of 1
inch. The load test yielded a maximum deflection of
0.473-inch at 4,500 psf.
Hayward Baker constructed a test soil mix column to
test the design unconfined compressive strength (UCS)
and the permeability prior to production work.
Cutoff wall specifications required a maximum perme-
ability of 1x10
-6
cm/sec and a minimum UCS of 100 psi
at 28 days. The test data produced from the samples
showed an average permeability of 2.4x10
-7
cm/sec and
a 28-day UCS of 144 psi.
During cutoff wall construction, wet grab samples were
taken from representative columns at various depths,
and test specimens were cast for future testing. UCS
testing and permeability testing were performed at spec-
imen ages of 7 and 28 days.
Conclusion
Hayward Bakers Vibro replacement and soil mixing
program resolved the projects soil improvement and
water cutoff challenges. The test programs verified that
the soil mix design and stone column design met all of
the project requirements.
Test results confirmed that the mix design met
permeability requirements.
Hanksville Diversion Reconstruction, continued
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HB Subsidiary:
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Haywar d Bake r Loc at i ons
www.HaywardBaker.com Hayward Baker Inc. 2009
Pub No: 53919
Permeability Test Data
Age of Sample (Days)
0 10 20 30
P
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
c
m


/
s
e
c
)
2
10
10
10
-5
-6
-7
Maximum Permeability
After the stone column construction, Hayward Baker performed a
load test to verify that the bearing capacity and settlement
requirements had been achieved.
An in situ permeability test was performed in the
soil mix test column to establish permeability
rates through the column. Screens were installed
at the top, middle, and bottom of the columns to
verify the consistency of flow rates.
2009 Hayward Baker Inc.
(www.HaywardBaker.com)
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