SISTEM COMPRESSOR

FILTER
INTERCOOLER
TABEL UDARA- MOISTURE
Gambar 6.7B
CONTOH SOAL :
KANDUNGAN MOISTURE DALAM UDARA
REGULATOR
REGULATOR
TIPE REFRIGERANT DRYER
127 TEORI
Gambar 6.8
TIPE REFRIGERANT DRYER
TIPE ABSORPTIVE DRYER
TIPE REGENERATIP ADSORPTIVE DRYER
CHECK VALVE
BALL CHECK VALVE
PILOT OPERATED CHECK VALVE
PENGGUNAAN CHECK VALVE
SUTTLE VALVE
RELIEF VALVE
RANGKAIAN PILOT OPERATED VALVE
DAPAT DIGERAKAN DENGAN REMOTE C
PENGOPERASIAN
PILOT OPERATED VALVE
CONTOH
RELIEF VALVE
CONTOH KOMPRESSOR JENIS PISTON
TUNGGAL
LANJUTAN
ACCUMULATOR
BLADDER ACC
DIAPRAGMA ACC
DIAPRAGMA ACC
JENIS COMPRESSOR

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
SINGLE STAGE
HORIZONTAL
MULTI STAGE
VERTICAL
RESISTENSI ALIRAN DAN TEKANAN
PADA KOMPRESOR SENTRIFUGAL DAN AXIAL
AXIAL COMPRESSOR
VANE ROTARY COMPRESSOR
SCREW COMPRESSOR
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors

Types of Radial Flow Compressors
(multi-stag)
Types of Axial Compressor
Compressors
Types of Reciprocating
Compressor

Typical Compressor Installation
Total Energy Balance
c
W
m
Q
H gZ
u

2
2
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + A

o
adiabatic
compression
Note that
c
in TEB includes efficiency while in
MEB does not include efficiency
( )
1 2

T T C H W
p c
= A =
Isentropic Work of Compression
As a first approximation, a compressor without any internal
cooling can be assumed to be adiabatic. If the process is
also assumed to be reversible, it will be isentropic.
.
1
1
const
p p
= =


Solve for , substitute into MEB, and integrate
Isentropic Work of Compression
Upon Integration
This is the isentropic (adiabatic) work of compression.
The quantity p
2
/p
1
is the compression ratio.
( )
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

=

= A
1
1

1
1
2
1
1
0

p
p p
W
S
Compressor Work
Compression is not reversible, however. Deviations from
ideal behavior must be accounted for by introducing an
isentropic compressor efficiency such that the true work
of compression is given by.
ad
S
c
W
W
q
0

= A
=
How can q
ad
be found?
( )
1 2

T T C W
p c
=
Isothermal Compression
If sufficient cooling is provided to make the compression
process isothermal, the work of compression is simply:
1
2 1
0
ln

p
p
M
RT
W
T
=
= A
For a given compression ratio and suction condition, the
work requirement in isothermal compression is less than
that for adiabatic compression. This is one reason that
cooling is useful in compressors.
Polytropic Compression
In actuality the AS = 0 path assumed in writing the
expression p/

= const. is not the true thermodynamic path

followed by gases in most large compressors and the
compression is neither adiabatic not isothermal. A polytropic
path is a better representation for which:
.
1
1
const
p p
n n
= =

Here n depends on the nature of the gas and details of the
compression process.
Polytropic Compression
( )
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

=

1
1

1
1
2
1
1
n
n
p
p
p
n
n p
W

where
p
is the work for polytropic compression
Again the actual work of compression is larger than the
calculated work and:
p
p
c
W
W
q

=
Polytropic Compression
The polytropic efficiency q
p
is often the efficiency quoted
by manufacturers. From this efficiency useful relations can
be stated to convert from polytropic to adiabatic results:
To get n the polytropic exponent:
q
q
+
=
p
p
n
1
p
n
n
q

1 1
=

or
To get relationships between T or and compression ratio
simply replace with n.
n
n
p
p
T
T
g e
1
1
2
1
2
. .

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
Multistage Compression
Consider a two stage compression process p1p2p3
with perfect intercooling (temperature reduced to T
1
after
each compression)
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

=

= A
1
1
1
1

1
2
3 1
1
1
2 1
0

p
p RT
p
p RT
W
S
Now find p
2
which will minimize work, differentiate wrt p
2

3 1 2
p p p
opt
=
Multistage Compression
2
1
1
3
2
3
1
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
p
p
p
p
p
p
So the compression ratio that minimizes total work is such that each
stage has an identical ratio.
This can be generalized for n stages as:
n
n
p
p
p
p
p
p
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
+

.
1
1
const
p
p
T
i
i
i
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+

When T is not cooled to T

1
: + |
+
i
i
i
p
p
T
1
Multistage Compression
P-H Chart Method Example
Natural Gas (methane)
P = 100 psia
P = 300 psia
P = 900 psia
Isentropic Compression
Real Compression
AH
Ideal
AH
Actual