4.7 & 4.

8 Inverse Matrices
and Solving Systems
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
You have solved systems of equations
using graphing, substitution,
eliminationoh my

In the real world, these methods take
too long and are almost never used.

Inverse matrices are more practical.

1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations

For a
System of Equations

= +
= +
14 5 3
5 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations

For a We can write a
System of Equations Matrix Equation

= +
= +
14 5 3
5 2
y x
y x
(

=
(

14
5
5 3
2 1
y
x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 1:
Write the system as a matrix equation

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 1:
Write the system as a matrix equation

Matrix Equation

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
(

=
(

6
11
2 1
3 2
y
x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 1:
Write the system as a matrix equation

Matrix Equation

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
(

=
(

6
11
2 1
3 2
y
x
Coefficient
matrix
Constant
matrix
Variable
matrix
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 2:

= +
=
= +
8 2 2
5 2
0
z y x
z y x
z y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 2:


(
(
(

=
(
(
(

(
(
(

8
5
0
2 1 2
1 2 1
1 1 1
z
y
x

= +
=
= +
8 2 2
5 2
0
z y x
z y x
z y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 2:

A B X
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

(
(
(

8
5
0
2 1 2
1 2 1
1 1 1
z
y
x

= +
=
= +
8 2 2
5 2
0
z y x
z y x
z y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations


B AX =
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
B A X
1
=
When rearranging, take
the inverse of A
B AX =
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
The Plan
Solve the system using matrices and inverses
B A X
1
=
B AX =
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 1: Write a matrix equation

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 1: Write a matrix equation
(

=
(

6
11
2 1
3 2
y
x

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 2: Find the determinant and A
-1

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 2: Find the determinant and A
-1

(

=
2 1
3 2
A

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
Change signs
Change places
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 2: Find the determinant and A
-1
(

=
2 1
3 2
A

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
Change signs
Change places
detA = 4 3
= 1
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 2: Find the determinant and A
-1
(

=
(

=
(

2 1
3 2
2 1
3 2
1
1
2 1
3 2
1
1
A
A
A

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 3: Solve for the variable matrix

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 3: Solve for the variable matrix
B A
y
x
B A X
1
1

=
(

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 3: Solve for the variable matrix
(

=
(

=
(

=
(

1
4
6
11
2 1
3 2
1
1
y
x
y
x
B A
y
x
B A X

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 3:
Solve the system

Step 3: Solve for the variable matrix
(

=
(

=
(

=
(

1
4
6
11
2 1
3 2
1
1
y
x
y
x
B A
y
x
B A X
The solution to the
system is (4, 1).

= +
= +
6 2
11 3 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

(

=
(

5
7
2 3
3 5
b
a

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
(

=
(

=
(

5 3
3 2
5 3
3 2
1
1
2 3
3 5
1
1
A
A
A
detA = 10 - 9
= 1
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
(

=
(

=
(

=
(

4
1
5
7
5 3
3 2
1
1
b
a
b
a
B A
b
a
B A X
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
The solution to the
system is (-1, 4).
(

=
(

=
(

=
(

4
1
5
7
5 3
3 2
1
1
b
a
b
a
B A
b
a
B A X
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 4:
Solve the system. Check your answer.

Check

= +
= +
5 2 3
7 3 5
b a
b a
7 7
7 12 5
7 ) 4 ( 3 ) 1 ( 5
7 3 5
=
= +
= +
= + b a
5 5
5 8 3
5 ) 4 ( 2 ) 1 ( 3
5 2 3
=
= +
= +
= + b a
What about a matrix that has no inverse?

It will have no unique solution.
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 5:
Determine whether the system has a unique
solution.

= +
= +
8 4 2
5 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 5:
Determine whether the system has a unique
solution.


Find the determinant.

= +
= +
8 4 2
5 2
y x
y x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 5:
Determine whether the system has a unique
solution.


Find the determinant.

= +
= +
8 4 2
5 2
y x
y x
(

=
(

8
5
4 2
2 1
y
x
1) Inverse Matrices and Systems
of Equations
Example 5:
Determine whether the system has a unique
solution.


Find the determinant.
0
) 2 ( 2 ) 4 ( 1
4 2
2 1
det
4 2
2 1
=
=
=
(

=
A
A

= +
= +
8 4 2
5 2
y x
y x
Since detA = 0, there is
no inverse.
The system does not
have a unique solution.