Chapter #18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle Big Picture Themes 1.

. The main question facing the nation was, Will new lands won from Mexico have slaves or be free? 2. The answer to the question was hammered out in the Compromise of 1850. It said California was to be free, popular sovereignty (the people decide) for the rest of the lands. 3. A tougher fugitive slave law was a major concession to the South, but it wasnt enforced. This angered the Southerners. 4. The NorthSouth rift was widened with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. It repealed the Missouri Compromise which had kept the peace for a generation. In its place, popular sovereignty opened the Great Plains to potential slavery. Whereas the slave-land issue had been settled, now it was a big question mark. IDENTIFICATIONS: Stephen Douglas Stephen Douglas was from Illinois and was also known as the Little Giant. He longed for more western expansion without the north and south deadlock and supported popular sovereignty. He proposed the Kansas Nebraska Bill, which would settle the states status with popular sovereignty Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce was the next elected president from the Democratic Party. He was very weak and compliant, and often was heavily influenced by advisors from the South

Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 stated that California is admitted as a free state, and New Mexico and Utah were open to slavery on the basis of popular sovereignty. Slave trade was banned in the District of Columbia, and there was a strong fugitive slave law established. Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor was the hero of Buena Vista. He was voted for President in 1848. He was a Virginian slave owning planter in Louisiana. He was a general during the Mexican-American war and the 12th president of the U.S. of America. John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun was the great nullifier who proposed to leave slavery alone. He suggested returning runaway slaves, giving the south its rights as a minority and restoring the political balance.

Matthew C. Perry Matthew c. Perry was a minister to Japan sent by President Fillmore. He persuaded the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa and established friendly relations Henry Clay Henry Clay was the great compromiser. He proposed a series of compromises, including the Missouri Compromise and the compromise of 1850. He also suggested that the North enact a stricter fugitive slave law. He had delivered numerous speeches in his political career. Free-Soil Party Free-Soil Party was a short lived party in the U.S. that was active during the elections of 1848 and 1852. It was a third party and gained most of its strength from New York. It was consisted of Anti slavery members from Democratic and Whig parties. Fugitive Slave Law Fugitive Slave Law, or the Bloodhound Bill, was a stronger slave law that stirred up opposition in the North. Fleeing slaves could not testify in their own behalf, and were denied jury trial. Harriet Tubman One of the best conductors of the underground railroad. She was an illiterate runaway slave from Maryland who was able to rescue more than 300 slaves, including her aged parents.

Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 was the compromise stating that California is a free state. Utah and New Mexico can be decided by popular sovereignty and slave trade is banned in the district of Columbia. Ostend Manifesto Ostend Manifesto was a document written in 1854 stating that the U.S. should claim Cuba from Spain and if it was refused, United States would declare war. When it leaked out, Northern free-soilers rose up in wrath against it.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act was proposed by senator Stephen Douglas. The act stated that Kansas and Nebraska should be chosen of their status on slavery with popular sovereignty.