Materials Research Society

Symposium Proceedings Volume 1267

Thermoelectric Materials 2010—

Growth, Properties, Novel
Characterization Methods
and Applications

Symposium held April 5-9, 2010, San Francisco, California

EDITORS:

John D. Baniecki
Fujitsu Laboratories
Atsugi, Japan

G. Jeffrey Snyder
California Institute of Technology
Pasadena, California, U.S.A.

Jonathan A. Malen
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, California, U.S.A.

Harry L. Tuller
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

mm
Materials Research Society
Warrendale, Pennsylvania
 CONTENTS

Preface xiii

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings xv

NANOSTRUCTURES/NANOCOMPOSITES/NANOWIRES

Nanostructured Silicon-Based Composites for High

Temperature Thermoelectric Applications 3
Sabah Bux, Richard B. Kaner,
and Jean-Pierre Fleurial

Nanocrystalline Silicon Compacted by Spark-Plasma

Sintering: Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties 9
G. Schierning, T. Claudio, R. Theissmann, N. Stein,
N. Petermann, A. Becker, J, Denker, H. Wiggers,
R.P. Hermann, and R. Schmechel

THERMOELECTRIC APPLICA TIONS

Portable Power Thermoelectric Generator —

Design and

Characterization 17

C. Ramesh Koripella, Lon E. Bell, and Doug Crane

Performance Optimization of a TE Generator Element with

Linear Material Profiles in a ID Scheme 27

Knud Zabrocki, Wolfgang Seifert,

and Eckhard Miiller

Hybrid Thermal Behavior from Thermoelectrics to Heat

Sinking of a Thin Si Membrane with Stretched Ge Quantum

Dots 33

Jean-Numa Gillet

Design and Synthesis of One and Two Dimensional

Thermoelectric Nanomaterials Composed of Bismuth,
and Tellurium 41
Antimony,
Derrick Mott,Nguyen T.B. Thuy, Nguyen T. Mai,
Youjiro Maeda, Tran P.T. Linh, Mikio Koyano,
and Shinya Maenosono

v
 BULK THERMOELECTRICS—NOT OXIDES

Thermoelectric Properties of CoSb3-Based Skutterudite

Compounds 49
Adul Harnwunggmoung, Ken Kurosaki,
Hiroaki Muta, and Shinsuke Yamanaka

Thermoelectric Properties of Non-Equilibrium Synthesized

Ceo.9Fe3CoSbu Filled Skutterudites 55
Qing Jie, Dimitrov,
Juan Zhou, Ivo K.

Chang-Peng Li, Ctirad Uher, Hsin Wang,

Wallace D. Porter, and Qiang Li

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Doped

Yb^MnSbn^BU Zintls 61
Kurt Star, Alex Zevalkink, Chen-Kuo Huang,
Bruce Dunn, and Jean-Pierre Fleurial

Thermoelectric Performance of Nanostructured ZrNiSn

Compounds Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying 67
Jeffrey D. Germond, Paul J. Schilling,
Nathan J. Takas, and Pierre F.P. Poudeu

NOVEL THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS AND RESONANT STATES

High Thermoelectric Efficiency in Co-Doped Degenerate

p-Type PbTe 75
John Androulakis, Ilyia Todorov,
Duck-Young Chung, Sedat Ballikaya, Guoyu Wang,
Ctirad Uher, and Mercouri Kanatzidis

NMR and Computational Studies of Ba8Gai6Sn30 Clathrates 81

Sergio Y. Rodriguez, Xiang Zheng,
and Joseph H. Ross, Jr.

Effect of (Pb,Ge)Te Addition on the Phase Stability and the

Thermoelectric Properties of AgSbTe2 87
Aikebaier Yusufu, Ken Kurosaki, Hiroaki Muta,
and Shinsuke Yamanaka

POSTER SESSION I

Thermoelectric Figure of Merit Calculations for Nanowires -

The Moderate Confinement Regime 97

Jane Cornett and Oded Rabin

vi
Effect of Partial Filling of the Structural Vacant Sites on the
Thermoelectric Properties of Zro.25Hfo.75NiSn Half-Heusler
Alloy 103
Julien P.A. Makongo, Dinesh K. Misra,
Nathan Takas, Kevin Stokes, Heike Gabrisch,
and Pierre F.P. Poudeu

Thermoelectric Properties of Si02/Si02+CoSb3 Multi

Nanolayered Films Modified by MeV Si Ions Bombardment 109
S. Budak, C. Smith, J. Chacha, M. Pugh, K. Ogbara,
K. Heidary, R.B. Johnson, C. Muntele, and D. ILA

MeV Si Ions Bombardment Effects on the Thermoelectric

Properties of Si/Si+Ge Multi-Layer Superlattice Nanolayered
Films 115
M. Pugh, S. Budak, C. Smith, J. Chacha, K. Ogbara,
K. Heidary, R.B. Johnson, C. Muntele, and D. ILA

Effects of MeV Si Ions Modification on the Thermoelectric

Properties of
Si02/Si02+Cu Multilayer Thin Films 121
J. Chacha, S. Budak, C. Smith, M. Pugh, K. Ogbara,
K. Heidary, R.B. Johnson, C. Muntele, and D. ILA

Thermoelectric Properties of Si02/Si02+Ag Nanolayered

Multilayer Films Effected by MeV Si Ions 127
C. Smith, S. Budak, J. Chacha, M. Pugh, H. Martin,
T. Langham, B. Harrell, K. Heidary, R.B. Johnson,
Y. Yang, C. Muntele, and D. ILA

The Role NiO of Nanoinclusions on High Performance Half

Heusler Thermoelectric Materials 133
Rumana Yaqub, Paranthi Sahoo,
Julien P.A. Makongo, Westly M. Nolting,
Nathan Takas, Pierre F.P. Poudeu,
and Kevin L. Stokes

Impact of Dopants on the PbTe Thermoelectric Efficiency 139

Ka Xiong, Rahul P. Gupta, John B. White,
Bruce E. Gnade, and Kyeongjae Cho

Improvement in Contact Resistivity to Thin Film Bi2Te3 147

Rahul P. Gupta, Ka Xiong, John B. White,
Kyeongjae Cho, and Bruce E. Griade

vii
 Indentation Testing of Bulk Zr0.5Hfo.sCoi.xIi\Sbfl.99Sn0.oi
Half-Heusler Alloys 153
Melody A. Verges, Paul J. Schilling,
Jeffrey D. Germond, Puja Upadhyay,
William K. Miller, Nathan J. Takas,
and Pierre F.P. Poudeu

Microstructure Investigation of Non-Equilibrium Synthesized

Filled Skutterudite CeFe4Sbu 159
Juan Zhou, Qing Jie, and Qiang Li

Temperature and Size Effects on the Extremely Low Thermal

Conductivity of Self-Assembled Germanium Quantum-Dot
Supercrystals in Silicon 165
Jean-Numa Gillet

THERMOELECTRICS NANO BULK I

Reduction of the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Immiscible

PbS-PbTe Systems 175
Simon Johnsen, Steven N. Girard, Iliya Todorov,
Duck Young Chung, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

Improvements of Thermoelectric Performances in AgSbTe2

System with In-Sltu Ag2Te Nano-Precipitations 181
S.N. Zhang, S.H. Yang, G.Y. Jiang, J.J. Shen,
T.J. Zhu, and X.B. Zhao

Investigationof the Thermoelectric Properties of the

PbTe-SrTe System 187
Kanishka Biswas, Jiaqing He, Qichun Zhang,

Guoyu Wang, Ctirad Uher, Vinayak P. Dravid,

and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

*
Nanostructure Formation in Bulk Thermoelectric Compounds
in the Pseudo Binary PbTe~Sb2Te3 System 193
Teruyuki Ikeda and G. Jeffrey Snyder

Thermoelectric Properties of Composite PbTe -

PbSnS2
Materials 205
Steven N. Girard, Jiaqing He, Vinayak P. Dravid,
and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

*Invited Paper

viii
Structure and Thermoelectric Properties Correlation in
Half-Heusler ZrNiSn-Based Bulk Nano-Composite Materials
by Transmission Electron Microscopy 211
D.K. Misra, JulienP.A. Makongo,
Michael R. Shabetai, Girija S. Chaubey,
John B. Wiley, Kevin L. Stokes,
and Pierre F.P. Poudeu

THERMOELECTRICS NANO B ULKII

Spinodal Decomposition in Off-Stoichiometric

Zr0.5Hfo.5Co1.yIr},Sb1.zSnz Half-Heusler Phases 219
Nathan J. Takas, Dinesh K. Misra, Heike Gabrisch,
and P. Ferdinand P. Poudeu

Thermoelectric Properties of Zro.5Hfo.5Nio.sPdo.2Sno.99Sbo.01

Half-Heusler Alloy with W03 Inclusions 225
Julien P.A. Makongo, Pravin Paudel,
Dinesh K. Misra, and Pierre F.P. Poudeu

Metal Nanoinclusions (Bi and Ag) in Bi2Te3 for Enhanced

Thermoelectric Applications 231
Sumithra Santhanam, Nathan J. Takas,
Nathaniel L. Henderson, Westly M. Nolting,
Dinesh K. Misra, Pierre F.P. Poudeu,
and Kevin L. Stokes

SUPERLA TTICES, NANOWIRES, NANOPAR TICLESI

Thermoelectric Properties of Electrodeposited BiSbTe

Nanowires 239
Raja S. Mannam and Despina Davis

Colloidal Nanostructures as Building Blocks for Macroscopic

Thermoelectric Materials with Electron-Crystal Phonon-Glass
Properties 2^5
Marcus Scheele, Niels
Oeschler, Katrin Meier,
Andreas Kornowski, Christian Klinke,
and Horst Weller

ix
 SUPERLA TTICES, NANOWIRES, NANOPARTICLESII

The Effect of Cross-Sectional Geometry on ZT Enhancement

in Rough Silicon Nanostructures 253

Jyothi Sadhu, Marc Ghossoub, and Sanjiv Sinha

POSTER SESSION II

Single-Crystal Wires Based on Doped Bi for Anisotropic

Thermoelectric Microgenerators 261

Albina A. Nikolaeva, Leonid A. Konopko,
Tito E. Huber, and Ana K. Tsurkan

Study of Nanostructure Inclusion Effects on the

Thermoelectric Behavior of Ca3C04O9 Thin Films Grown by
Pulsed Laser Deposition 267
Evan L. Thomas, Xueyan Song, Yonggao Yan,
Joshua Martin, Winnie Wong-Ng, Margaret Ratcliff,
and Paul N. Barnes

Microthermocouples of a Glass-Insulated Bifilar Microwire

Based on Bi2Te3 273

Dragosh F. Meglei, Tito E. Huber, Maria P. Dyntu,

and Albina A. Nikolaeva

Correlation of Microstructural Properties with Thermoelectric

Performance of Bio.5Sb1.5Te3 Films Fabricated by
Electroplating 279
E. Koukharenko, X. Li, J. Kuleshova, M. Fowler,
N. Frety, M.J. Tudor, S.P. Beeby, I. Nandhakumar,
and N.M. White

Effect of Vacancies on the Thermoelectric Properties of Mg2Si

Containing Sb and Bi Substitution 287
T. Dasgupta, C. Stiewe, R. Hassdorf, L. Boettcher,
and E. Mueller

Synthesis of Sodium Cobalt Oxide Submicron Tubules Using

Citric Acid-Based Sol-Gel Route Assisted by Porous
Aluminum Oxide Membrane 293
Chia-Jyi Liu, Long-Jiann Shih,
and Hsueh-Jung Huang
 THERMOELECTRIC OXIDES

Direct Measurement of the Absolute Seebeck Coefficient for

Pb and Cu at 300 K to 450 K 301
Patrick L. Garrity and Kevin L. Stokes

The Effect of Rh and Sr Substitution on the Thermoelectric

Performance of LaCo03 307
Kyei-Sing Kwong, Andrew E. Smith,
and M.A. Subramanian

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Y-Doped Ca3Co409

Ceramics 313
J.E. Rodriguez and L.C. Moreno

Preparation of High Seebeck Coefficient Calcium Cobaltate

Thermoelectric Powders 321
Sidney Lin and Jiri Selig

THERMOELECTRIC MEASUREMENT METHODS

In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Determination in Silicon on

Insulator (SOI) Structures through Thermoreflectance

Measurements 329
Max S. Aubain and Prabhakar R. Bandaru

Author Index 335

Subject Index 339

xi