LECTURE 2 MALACCA SULTANATE OBJECTIVE In the end of this course the students should be able to: 1.

Understand the establishment of Malay Sultanate and the government system. 2. Understand how to keep our country peace and stability. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. he !olden "ge of Malacca #. he $ulers of Malacca %. he &oming of 'ortugeuse and (utch ). *ibliography INTRODUCTION he ancient Malay Sultanate of Melaka was a sultanate whose rein of government was entirely in the hands of the rulers and the Malay officials. he Malay rulers of Melaka originated from Singapore that was after the defeat of the Malay kingdom of Singapore by the Siamese. Melaka + a city steeped in history + was founded in 1%,, by a fleeing 'alembang prince named 'arameswara. Its rise from a village of royal refugees to a wealthy kingdom and international center for the spice trade was swift. he Malay Sultanate of Melaka lasted for little over a century- stretching from the end of the fourteenth century to the early part of the si.teenth century that is from 1#/% to 1)11. Under the reign of the Malay rulers- Melaka was not only a prosperous trading town but also the center for the spread of Islam for the whole of the Malay "rchipelago. "fter the decline of the Seri 0i1aya and Ma1apahit 2mpires at the end of the fourteenth century- it was Melaka- which raised and maintained Malay rule in the Malay "rchipelago. 'olitical stability and a 1ust legal system attracted traders from all over the "rchipelago to Melaka. raders from &hina- Indian sub+continent- 'egu in *urma and "rabia came to Melaka to trade. The Golden Age of Malacca a. In the mid+1%,,3s- Melaka became a Muslim kingdom. he traders brought with them the Islamic religion- and Malacca3s rulers now referred to themselves as 4sultans5. *y the mid fifteenth century Malacca had become a strong centre of Islam with an assembly of Muslim divines at the court. 6rom Malacca Islam spread throughout the Malay 'eninsula and to other parts of Southeast "sia.

b. c.

d.

e.

f.

g. h. i.

he state of Malacca flourished during the rest of the fifteenth century ".(. as the regional trade centre of Southeast "sia and as an important link in an international maritime trade route between 2urope and the 6ar 2ast. Good er!ice for trader 7 In Malacca itself the foreign trader could rely upon finding a well developed mercantile organi8ation to deal with the arrival- unloading- reloading and departure of some hundred large shipsas well as a host of smaller ones- in each year. 9n arrival the master :nakhoda; of each ship applied to one of the four harbourmasters :shahbandar; who allotted to him a space in a warehouse for the temporary accommodation of his cargo. The go!ern"ent # te" 7 he ape. of the system was the royal $ulerdescended from the founder. he e.ecutive head of the government and also the chief 1udge was the Bendahara. <hen the throne fell vacant- the Bendahara family was often the kingmaker which influenced the selection of a new ruler. he other principal officers were the Laksamana- or high admiral- and the Temenggung. Since Malacca was a maritime power- the Laksamana was usually the commander in time of the warship and their crews. he Temenggungs function was to maintain order within the townincluding the e.ercise of authority over its many foreign residents. =e was the chief of police and also the master of ceremonies at the royal court. he foreign traders- many of them semi+permanent residents at Malaccawho made up the greater part of the town3s population were divided into four groups- each group was placed under the authority of a Shahbandar. The role of $orang la%t& :seafarers; 7 he power of Malacca lay in it3s ships- which were small- light craft manned by seafaring people- the Celates or orang laut :seafarers; whose main settlements lay further south than Malacca in the islands of the Straits of Singapore. It was their function to hold piracy in check + it could never be entirely suppressed + and to police the narrow waters of the straits. The f%nction of Bahasa Melayu. Malacca also plays an important role to spread bahasa Melayu throughout the Malay 'eninsula. Malay language has also been used to spread Islam all over the world. "t that time Malay language has been known as >lingua franca>. In fact- Malay language is using by all traders in Malacca and they can speak Malay language very well to each other. The S# te"atic la' has been used such as Undang+undang ?aut Melaka :kesalahan di laut@atas kapal; and =ukum Aanun Melaka :kesalahan yang dilakukan di darat;. Internation relation 7 &hina- "sia *arat- Bapan. (uring the middle and late 1%,,3s- Melaka gained control over much of the Malay 'eninsula- Sumatra- and the key shipping route through the Strait of Malacca. It attracted traders from throughout the world. 'erfectly located for trade- within ), years it was the most influential port in Southeast "sia. "t any one time- ships from a do8en kingdoms great and small could be seen in the harbor.

T(E RULER)S O* MALACCA 'arameswara :1#/%+1%1%; C Sultan Megat Iskandar Syah :1%1%+1%2%; C Seri Mahara1a@Sultan Muhammad Syah C Sultan "bu Syahid :1%%)+1%%D; C Sultan Mu8affar Syah :1%%D+1%)D; C Sultan Mansur Syah :1%)D+1%EE; C Sultan "lauddin $iayat Syah :1%EE+1%FF; C Sultan Mahmud Syah :1%FF+1)11;

T(E COMING O* +ORTUGUESE AN, ,UTC( :1)11+1/)E; In 1)11- a 'ortuguese fleet led by "lfonso de "lbuGuerGue + and lured by the spice trade + sailed into Malacca3s harbor- opened fire with cannonsand captured the city from the Malays. Malacca3s golden age had come to an end. he Malays soon moved their center to Bohor at the southern end of the Malay 'eninsula. (escendants of the ruling family of Melaka also founded other kingdoms on the peninsula. he 'ortuguese constructed a massive fort in Malacca + " 6amosa + which the (utch captured in turn in 1D%1 and ruled there for the ne.t 1), years. his would give the (utch an almost e.clusive lock on the spice trade. Minangkabau peoples from Sumatra migrated to Malaya during the late 1Eth century- bringing with them a matrilineal culture. In the 1Fth century the *uginese from the island of &elebes invaded Malaya and established the sultanates of Selangor and Bohore. T(E *ALLEN O* MALACCA EM+IRE he factors: 1. "bsent of efficient leaders. 2. <eak governance of the country. #. 'eople of the country are not united and disloyal to the country.

BIBLIOGRA+(-.SUGGESTE, REA,INGS 1. Muhammad Husoff =ashim- Kesultanan Melayu Melaka- Auala ?umpur1/FF. INTERNET 2. http:@@se1arahmalaysia.pnm.my@portal*I@list.phpIJJI+idK1LsectionKsm,1 .