CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Health requires bulk of care to the fullest extent.

Thats why it is the basis concern of everyone. A deviation from our normal patterns of life would then indicate a pre-existing illness that alters our bodys equilibrium. According to evine !"#$%& health is socially determined by the ability to function in a reasonably normal manner. Health is predetermined by social groups and it is not 'ust an absence of pathological conditions. Health is the return to self individuals is free and able to pursue their own interests within the context of their own resources. A student undergoes many obstacles in life( one of the constant challenges of a student is stress) more of) if that student is part of an organi*ation as a leader. The weight that a student leader carry doubled in a way that he+she must take into account first the need of a student body than themselves.

Health is the freedom from the inevitability of death) disease) unhappiness and stress but the ability to cope with them in a competent way. !,oy) "###& According to the -niversity of .orthern /hilippines) student council seminar kit 0112 leadership is said to be an art or a process of influencing people so that they will willingly and enthusiastically achieved the goals of an organi*ation. 3t is an art because there are no hard and fast rules in leadership. eadership employs creativity) flexibility) and scientific analysis depending on what condition calls for. 3t is also a process since it is a continuous and dynamic activity. 4tudents) who are leaders) are not quite prepared for the long term headache in their continuous interaction to stress. .ot only is it important to identify and intervene in the outcomes of long term stress at the top) but it is also imperative to think in terms of gowning the organi*ation for future crises through leadership preparedness) organi*ational health focus) culture intervention and succession strategies that account for leading through tough times !/io) A !0115&&

6alance is what a leader fails to develop+ maintain a lack of balance in the structural or functional requirements of the subsystems that leads to poor health. The person is viewed as a whole whose parts are in dynamic interaction) psychological) physiological) socio-cultural) developmental and spiritual. To the students) the result of this study is to help characteri*e the health practices of student leaders of the -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their academic performance) and to encourage them to improve their health practices and academic performance as a focal point in improving their leadership and health. Hence) the researchers aimed to find out the health practices of student leader in -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their academic performance. 3n addition) the results of this study may serve as a guide to the student as well as administration of -niversity of .orthern /hilippines to work together more extensively for the promotion of health and leadership.

Statement of the Problem This study aimed to determine the health practices of student leaders in -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their academic performance. 4pecifically it answers the following questions7 ". 8hat is the profile of the respondents in terms of7 A. 4ocio 9emographic /rofile7 a. Age b. 4ex c. /arents Highest :ducational Attainment d. /arents ;ccupation e. <onthly =amily 3ncome f. ;rdinal /osition in the =amily>

6. 4chool ,elated a. ?ourse and @ear b. .umber of -nits enrolled c. /osition in the ;rgani*ation> 0. 8hat is the extent of health practices along7 A. .utrition 6. ,est and 4leep ?. :xercise 9. 4tudy Habit :. ,ecreation =. /ersonal Hygiene> %. 8hat is the level of academic performance of the respondents in terms of general weighted average>

2. 3s there a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their health practices> A. 3s there a significant relationship between the profile and their level of academic performance> $. 3s there a significant relationship between the level of academic performance of the respondents and their health practices> Scope and elimitation The researchers determined the health practices of student leaders in -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their academic performance. The 4tudent eaders of <andated ;rgani*ations and 4? officers 4.@ 01"0-01"% are the respondents of the study. Total enumeration was the method used in determining the number of respondents. The independent variables included were the respondents socio demographic factor namely 7 age) sex) parents

highest educational attainment) occupation) family income) ordinal position in the family) school related namely 7 course and year) number of units enrolled) position in the organi*ation) the dependent variables of this study are7 extent of health practices namely7 nutrition) time management) rest and sleep) exercise)

recreation) study habit and personal hygiene and the level of academic performance of student leaders. The study made use of the descriptive-correlational method of research. A questionnaire-checklist formulated by the researchers and validated by a panel of experts was used in gathering the needed data. The descriptive method used to describe the respondents of the study) in terms of their profile) extend of health practices and level of academic performance. ikewise the correlational method was utili*ed to look into the relationship between the extent of health practices of student leaders) profile and level of academic performance. =or interpretation of the results of this study) the following statistical tools are utili*ed7 a& frequency and percentage was used for the socio-demographic profile) b& mean was used to determine the health practices of student leaders and their academic performance and c& correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship of the health practices of student leaders to their profile and academic performance.

Re!ie" of Related Literature 4tudent leaders are especially vulnerable. Anxiety) stress-related

disorders are among those we see affecting a student leader in our campuses. On #utrition A student leader develop poor eating habits that lead them to altered nutrition) due to stress they tend to skip meals and overeating. An imbalance to the nutrition of a student leader can impact its leadership performance. =ood selection plays a vital role in health in ma'or ways( several times a day we make food selection that influences our bodys health for better or for worse. 6ut when these choices are repeatedly done the consequences become ma'or. <eals are often skipped by student leaders especially on times of cramming in their academics and social obligations) lifestyle changes) peer pressure) limited finances) and access to food also contribute to erratic eating patterns. 4tudent leaders have little variety in their diet and often turn to high-fat snacks. A common error is underestimating serving si*es) meaning they often eat more than they think they are eating.

;f the three nutrients that provide calories !carbohydrates) proteins) and fats&) carbohydrate !particularly sugar& and fat intake often exceed recommended levels. ?ollege students also tend to have a low intake of dietary fiber. 3n terms of vitamins) a low vitamin ? has been associated with low intake of fruits and vegetables. 3n terms of minerals) calcium) iron) and *inc intake are low) while sodium intake is generally higher than recommended. !faq.org& <ale college students are more likely to meet dietary intake

recommendations for the meat) poultry) fish) dry beans) and nuts group( from the bread) cereal) rice) and pasta group( and from the vegetable food group than are females. <ales seem to consume more food overall and thus have higher energy !calorie& intakes. =emale college students tend to eat too few breads) grains) and dairy products. 3n addition) it is estimated that about "1 percent of college students drink more than fifteen alcoholic beverages per week) further impairing the quality of their diet. !faq.org& According to faq.org there are many actions that students can take to eat in a healthful way and en'oy their college years without 'eopardi*ing their health from excessive weight gain or weight loss. Among some recommendations are7

". Bet at least eight hours of sleep a night.

ack of sleeps affects oneCs

ability to concentrate and makes one feel tired. 4leep deprivation also seems to be connected with weight problems. 0. Avoid skipping meals. 8hen a meal is skipped) the subsequent hunger may cause one to overeat. %. :at breakfast) which helps concentration and increases the likelihood of consuming calcium) folic acid) and vitamin ?. These nutrients are often low in the diet of college students. 2. <anage portion si*es. 3f portion si*es are underestimated) one may eat more calories than are needed. Also) the availability of a wide variety and mass quantities of DdormD food !pi**a) soda) etc.& may promote overeating and a significant increase of total energy intake. A. 9rink water and eat fruit throughout the day. 8ater is calorie-free and fruits help manage urges to eat and contribute fiber) vitamins) and minerals. $. :xercise regularly. /hysical activity helps burn off calories) helps manage stress) and promotes mental and physical stamina.

5. 6ecome familiar with the campus environment and the foods that are available. <ost colleges and universities have a variety of eateries) each with a different format) theme) and food options. E. Try the low-calorie) low-fat) and vegetarian options available around campus. As part of a well-planned diet) these items can help manage total energy intake and introduce one to items that can become part of a regular diet. #. Feep low-fat and low-calorie snacks in the dorm room. This will help manage calorie intake when snacking) especially when eating late at night. On Re$t and Sleep The functions of sleep on the body are not completely understood. 4leep exerts physiologic effects on both the nervous system and other body structures. 4leep in some way restores normal levels of activity and normal balance among parts of the nervous system. 4leep is also necessary for protein synthesis) which allows regain process to occur. Therefore sleep is a basic human need) a universal biological process common to all people. 8e require sleep for many reasons( to cope with daily stress) to prevent fatigue) to conserve energy and to restore the mind and body) and to en'oy life more fully.

6oth the quality and quantity of sleep are affected by a number of factors7 3llness- causes pain or physical distress that can result in sleep problems. :nvironment- any change in the environment !e.g. noise& can promote or

hinder sleep sleep. :motional 4tress- number one cause of short-term sleeping difficulties. ifestyle- following an irregular morning and nighttime schedule can affect

/ersonal problems such as school and works in the organi*ation may be unable to relax sufficiently. 4timulants and alcohol- caffeine containing beverages acts as stimulants)

alcohol tolerant person may be irritable and unable to sleep well. 9iet- weight gain is associated with reduced total sleep time as well as

broken sleep and earlier awakenng. 8eight loss on the other hand) seems to be associated with an increase in total sleep time and less broken sleep.

Adolescents !"0-"E years of age& require #-"1 hours of sleep each night( however) few actually get that much sleep. Teens tend to be sleepy at times and place where they should be fully awake-at school) at home) and on the road. This can result in lower grades) negative moods and increase potential to accidents. Their circadian rhythms tend to shift) the natural tendency for teenagers is to stay up late at night and wake up later in the morning. !Fo*ier)et.al 011E& On Stud% Habit$ 4tudy habits of a student leader is compromised which in turn leads to low grade. A good leader comes from a good student and a good student develops from a good study habits. Habits are very powerful) because they are actions that are repeated over and over again. Habits can be very useful. 3f we had to constantly think about everything we did) we wouldnCt accomplish much. Habits can be a hindrance) too. They can weigh us down and hold us back. ?ramming is not smart. 3t keeps you up at night) does not guarantee that youll get a passing grade) and cause high levels of stress. 4tudent leaders have limited time thats why balancing their time would be a challenge.

4ave yourself from a mental breakdown with these steps to quick and efficient studying. !4antos) A. 011#& /lanning- be realistic about how much time you really have and make sure to allot at least 0 hours of sleep time before you go to school if you want to keep your brain healthy. /repare- set up everything you need in one area. @our study materials) your snacks !go for ready to eat) low carb treat) the less carb content in your food the less sleepy youll become.& and drinks !plain water is best) caffeinated drinks might take you nervous+ prevent you from sleeping when you need to.& 4trategi*e- the average brain can usually engage in high concentration of work for only %1 minutes. 4leep G the brain not only rests during sleep) but it also creates new brain cell connections in the process. .ew connections means new things are learned and stored. @ou have to focus) concentrate and do your best in your academics and behavior. Avoid cramming for it will 'ust give you a harder time.

On E&erci$e 4tress is going to build up because of all the things student leaders have to do. 6e sure to get enough sleep) exercise and rest. The importance of exercise is nothing new. Thomas Hefferson once wrote that to be successful in academic studies) to exercise( for health must not be sacrificed to learning. A strong body makes the mind strong.D <ost experts today do not demand 0 hours of daily exercise. The -.4. 9epartment of Health and Human 4ervices recommends that people get at least $1 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity most days of the week. /hysical fitness and exercise are essential for good physical and mental health) including weight control. :xercising helps a person develop and keep a strong self-image and a sense of emotional balance. As people get older) exercise becomes more important.! http7++library.thinkquest.org+A2$0+ndfre.htm&

On Recreation

4tress is going to build up because of all the things student leaders have to do. 6e sure to get enough sleep) exercise and rest. The importance of

exercise is nothing new. Thomas Hefferson once wrote that to be successful in academic studies) to exercise( for health must not be sacrificed to learning. A strong body makes the mind strong.D <ost experts today do not demand 0 hours of daily exercise. The -.4. 9epartment of Health and Human 4ervices recommends that people get at least $1 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity most days of the week. ,ecreation is about activities) pastimes) and experiences which are freely chosen. They are usually undertaken in free time and produce feelings of wellbeing) fulfilment) en'oyment) relaxation and satisfaction. They are

opportunities to express creativity) achieve and master new things and feel good about doing so. ?ommunity based recreation offers an opportunity to meet people while en'oying a range of social) cultural or physical activities. The importance of recreation7 I I I ,ecreation is important in promoting quality of life. 3t increases self-esteem and confidence. Bives people the opportunity to make their own choices.

I I I I I

3t gives satisfaction) en'oyment and pleasure. 3t enables us to become involved and feel part of the community. 3t increases the opportunity to gain and develop new friendships. 3t allows us to be challenged) take risks and experience new things. 3t bridges the gap between attending and participating in the

community. I 3t allows people to contribute their skills and feel a sense of

belonging and accomplishment. I 3t promotes frienships through shared experiences.

!http7++www.recrend.freeservers.com+whatsJnew.html& On Per$onal H%'iene Hygiene is essential to us. 6ecause cleanliness affects the whole personality. /ersonal hygiene is the basic concept of cleaning) grooming and caring for our bodies. 8hile it is an important part of our daily lives at home) personal

hygiene is not 'ust about combed shiny hair and brushed teeth( it is important for a student. 4tudents who pay attention to personal hygiene can prevent the spread of germs and diseases) reduce their exposures to bacterias and microbes. !www.statefundaca.com& ;ne of the most effective ways we have to protect ourselves and others from illness is good personal hygiene. This means washing your hands) especially) but also your body. 3t means being careful not to cough or snee*e on others) cleaning things that you touch if you are unwell) putting items such as tissues !that may have germs& into a bin) and using protection !like gloves or condoms& when you might be at risk of catching an infection. /ersonal hygiene) such as bathing) is very much dependent on the culture in which you live. 3n some cultures) it is expected that you will wash your body at least every day and use deodorants to stop body smells. ;ther cultures have different expectations. 6ody odour 6ody smells are caused by a number of factors working in combination) including7

?hemicals in sweat) including pheromones) which are made by the body and sexually attract !or repel& other people.

8astes excreted through the skin) such as metabolised alcohol. The actions of bacteria that live on the skin and feed on dead skin cells and sweat.

-nwashed clothes) such as underwear and socks. Hand washing <ost infections) especially colds and gastroenteritis) are caught when we

put our unwashed hands) which have germs on them) to our mouth. 4ome infections are caught when other peoples dirty hands touch the food we eat. Hands and wrists should be washed with clean soap and water) using a brush if your fingernails are dirty. 9ry your hands with something clean) such as paper towels or hot air dryers. @ou should always wash your hands7 After using the toilet 6efore making or eating food

After handling dogs or other animals 3f you have been around with someone who is coughing or has a cold.

/ersonal hygiene for women The vagina is able to clean itself no special care is needed) other than washing the external genitals. 9o not put anything like douches into the vagina) as the delicate skin can be damaged. Here are some personal hygiene suggestions for women7 <enstruation - wash body) including the genital area) in the same

way as always do. ?hange tampons and sanitary napkins regularly) at least four to five times a day. Always wash hands before and after handling a tampon or pad. ?ystitis - is an infection of the bladder. This is a common condition

for sexually active young women. -rinating after sexual intercourse can help to flush out any bacteria that may be in the urethra and bladder.

Thrush - some soaps and detergents can irritate the skin of the

vagina) and make thrush infections more likely. 4ome people find that they often get thrush when they use antibiotics. -se mild soap and unperfumed toilet paper. Avoid tight) synthetic underwear. Try cotton underwear) and change regularly. There is medical treatment for thrush) so talk to the doctor or pharmacist. /ersonal hygiene for men A build-up of secretions called smegma can form under the foreskin of uncircumcised men. 3f uncircumcised) gently pull back the foreskin when having a shower and clean with water. 4oap can be used) but make sure it is rinse well. 6ad breath Bood dental hygiene includes regular brushing and flossing. 6ad breath can be caused by diseases of the teeth) gums and mouth) such as infections. <ost people have bad breath first thing in the morning because saliva is not made while youre asleep. 4ome foods that can cause bad breath include garlic and onion. <outh washes) mouth sprays and flavoured chewing gum can make your breath smell better for a while) but if there is a health problem in the mouth) see the dentist immediately.

!http7++www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au+bhcv0+bhcarticles.nsf+pages+/ersonalJhygien e& On Academic Performance 4tudent leaders will understand that they are responsible for their own actions and will be equipped to resist peer pressure) develop healthy relationship) resolve conflicts) and set goals. These leadership skills will help them achieve their full academic potential. Academic performance is the outcome of education. 3n studying school improvement and student achievement) individuals should understand leadership and administration means working with and through other individuals to achieve organi*ational goals. <uch of the current literature studying school leadership posits that leadership has a minimal direct impact on student achievement !rossKgray)011$& Fruger) et.al !0115& postulated that leadership is no longer proposed as having a direct influence on academic outcomes) but indirectly influences instructional organi*ation and culture.

?ollege students have many obstacles to overcome in order to achieve their optimal academic performance. 3t takes a lot more than 'ust studying to achieve a successful college career. 9ifferent stressors such as time management) financial problems) sleep deprivation) social activities) leader in an organi*ation and for some students even having children) can all pose their own threat to a students academic performance. ! http7++www.psych.uncc.edu& Academic performance of a student depends on a lot of factors. A student will be able to achieve top scores if he plans and follows a disciplined routine. /roper goals or aims will help direct the student in the right path towards success. 9iscipline. A well-ordered and disciplined life will ensure success always. A student who follows a disciplined routine in studies will never know the taste of failure. ,eading the textbooks every day will help the student to remember the portions. Beneral awareness and reading other books related to studies increase the knowledge of a student. ?harting a timetable for study times may help the student organi*e his routine.

?hoosing the right sub'ect. Humans may have varied interests. 8hat excites one may not be of interest to another. A student should not choose a sub'ect 'ust because his friends choose it. ,eading sub'ects that evoke an interest in the mind of the student may help in getting better grades. The student who is forced to learn something he does not like may not perform accordingly. ?hoosing the right institution. 4tudents who choose the right institution for pursuing higher studies will be able to secure proper guidance) the right atmosphere for studying) ample resource materials) good 'ob placement opportunities and credibility. Aims. A student who has certain aims or goals in life will succeed in life. /roper orientation in life is necessary for a student. 6eing a 'ack of all trades will not help in gaining anything worthwhile. 4leep and exercise. /roper sleep is necessary for a student to be healthy enough to study. Having a good nightCs sleep before the exam is essential to score better as it relaxes the mind and refreshes the body. :xercises and sports activities will help increase the health and energy of pupils. ?hildren will become more active if they indulge in sports activities.

Academic performance of students can be improved with cooperation of parents and friends. 3f parents devote time to children and help them if needed) they will able to get better grades. ?ombined study or studying with close friends will also help in removing monotony. !http7++www.helium.com& Conceptual (rame"or) This paradigm serves as a guide in this study. 3ndependent Lariable Profile of the respondents in terms of: A Socio ! "emographic Profile a b c d e f Age Sex Parents Highest Educational Attainment Parent#s $ccupation %onthly &amily 'ncome $rdinal Position in the &amily 9ependent Lariable Health Practices of Student Leaders in UNP in terms of: Nutrition Rest and Sleep Exercise Recreation Study Habit Personal Hygiene

( School ! Related: a b c )ourse and *ear Number of Units Enrolled Position in the $rgani+ation Le,el of Academic Performance

=igure ". The ,esearch /aradigm The paradigm shows the relationship between the independent variables which are socio-demographic profile and school related factors and the dependent variables which include the extent of health practices and level of academic performance among the respondents.

Operational efinition of Term$ =or better understanding the following terms are defined7 Health /ractices. ,efers to the voluntary activities affecting health. Academic /erformance. ,efers to how the student deals with their study) the outcome of their education. 4chool ,elated =actor. ,efers to the academic performance and school related activities that contribute to the health practices of the student. ?ourse and @ear. ,efers to the unit of such a curriculum in school. .umber of -nits :nrolled. -nits of a sub'ect that were enrolled.

Beneral 8eighted Average. ?alculated number of grade points a student earned in a given period of time divided by the total number of unit taken. .utrition. 4um of the processes by which the person takes in and utili*es foods substances. ,est and 4leep. ,efers to the biological process in coping up with stress) and restoring the mind and body. :xercise. ,efers to physical activity) and refreshment of strength after work. 4tudy Habit. ,efers to the behaviours done when preparing to learn academic material. ,ecreation. ,efers to the past time and activities done by the students. /ersonal Hygiene. ,efers to oneCs condition or practices conducive to health. 4ocio-9emographic information. /rofile. ,efers to the respondents personal

Age. ,efers to the number of years the respondents live before the study was conducted. 4ex. Bender refers to the characteristics of the respondent that attribute them as male or female. /arents Highest :ducational Attainment. ,efers to the highest level of learning attained by the parents of the respondents. /arents ;ccupation. ,efers to main work undertaken by the

parent+guardian. <onthly =amily 3ncome. ,efers to money that gained from a capital or labor. ;rdinal /osition. ?haracteristic of an order in the family. A$$umption of the Stud% The researchers assumed that7 ". The instruments used in gathering data is valid) reliable and suited to the ob'ectives of the study.

0. The studentCs responses are true to their will and experience. H%pothe$e$ ". There is no significant relationship between health practices of student leaders in the -niversity of .orthern /hilippines and their profile in terms of socio demographic profile and school related factors. 0. There is no significant relationship between the level of academic performance of student leaders in -niversity of .orthern /hilippines and their health practices. %. There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents in terms of socio-demogaphic profile and school related factors and their level of academic performance. Methodolo'% 3ncluded in this study is the description of the study setting) research design) data collection methods) procedures and analysis efforts. Re$earch e$i'n* This study made use of the descriptive-correlational method

of research. 6ecause it describes the profile of the respondents in terms of socio-

demographic profile and school related factors as well as extent of health practices and level of academic performance. 3t is correlational method is use to look into the relationship between the extent of health practices of student leaders and their profile and level of academic performance. Population* The respondents of the study are the 4tudent eaders of

<andated ;rgani*ations and 4? officers of the -niversity of .orthern /hilippines 4.@ 01"0-01"%. The method used to determine the number of respondents is through total enumeration.

Table " 9istribution of ,espondents #ame of Student Or'ani+ation # ,Total number of Officer$Colle'e of Health Science$ Student$ "" n ,#umber of Re$pondent$""

Or'ani+ation ,CHSSOStudent$ of Art$ and Science$ Or'ani+ation ,SASOOr'ani+ation of Bu$ine$$ Admini$tration Student$ ,OBASAtelier Council ,AC#ur$in' Student$ Or'ani+ation ,#SOA$$ociation of Communication and Information Technolo'% Student$ ,ACTSColle'e of Teacher Education. (uture Teacher A$$ociation ,CTE.(TAAtelier Ori'inal ,AO"1 "1 "% "% "" "" "0 "" "0 "" "1 "1 "1 "1

En'ineerin' epartment Student$ A$$ociation,E SACriminolo'% Student$ Or'ani+ation ,CSOIndu$trial Technolo'% Or'ani+ation ,ITEOLaborator% School$ Or'ani+ation ,LSO/raduate School Student$ Or'ani+ation,/SSOStudent Council ,SC-

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ata /atherin' In$trument$* 3n this study) a questionnaire-checklist formulated by the researchers and validated by a panel of experts was use as the data gathering instrument.

To describe the health practices of student leaders in the -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their academic performance a A- point scale is use and converted to the following descriptive ratings7 Scale A 2 % 0 " e$cripti!e Ratin' Lery often ;ften =requent 4eldom .ever Le!el Lery High High <oderate ow Lery ow

ata /atherin' Procedure* 3n the conduct of the study) the researchers asked permission from the 9eans of different college to administer the questionnaires. The researchers personally administered and retrieved the questionnaires from the respondents. The gathered data were tallied) analy*ed and interpreted. Stati$tical Treatment of ata* The researchers used the following statistical

tools in the treatment of data gathered to come out with valid and reliable results.

1*

=requency and /ercentages- used to determine the profile of

the respondents. 0* <ean- used to describe the Health /ractices of 4tudent

eaders in -niversity of .orthern /hilippines in relation to their Academic /erformance. 1* ?orrelation Analysis- used to determine the relationship

between the Health /ractices of 4tudent eaders to the profile of the respondents in terms of socio-demographic profile and school related factors and level of academic performance.