British Literature

PARTIUM CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Salam ! Ist"#! Al$ us Hu%le&' Bra"e Ne( ) rl$ The Pl t

Ora$ea* +,-+

The .irst three /ha0ters 0rese!t m st . the im0 rta!t i$eas r themes . the ! "el1 The Dire/t r . Hat/heries a!$ C !$iti !i!2 e%0lai!s that this Ut 0ia 3ree$s 0e 0le t r$er* arti.i/iall&

.ertili4i!2 a m ther5s e22s t /reate 3a3ies that 2r ( i! 3 ttles1 The& are ! t 3 r!* 3ut $e/a!te$1 E"er& !e 3el !2s t !e . .i"e /lasses* .r m the Al0has* the m st i!telli2e!t* t the E0sil !s*

m r !s 3re$ t $ the $irt& 6 3s that ! 3 $& else (a!ts t $ 1 The l (er /lasses are multi0lie$ 3& a 3u$$i!2 0r /ess that /a! /reate u0 t 78 i$e!ti/al /l !es a!$ 0r $u/e "er -9*,,, 3r thers a!$ sisters .r m a si!2le "ar&1 All the 3a3ies are / !$iti !e$* 0h&si/all& a!$ /hemi/all& i! the 3 ttle* a!$ 0s&/h l 2i/all& a.ter 3irth* t ma:e them ha00& /iti4e!s . the s /iet& (ith 3 th a li:i!2 a!$ a! a0titu$e . r the ( r: the& (ill $ 1 O!e 0s&/h l 2i/al / !$iti !i!2 te/h!i;ue is h&0! 0ae$ia* r tea/hi!2 0e 0le (hile the& slee0' ! t tea/hi!2 .a/ts r a!al&sis* 3ut 0la!ti!2 su22esti !s that (ill ma:e 0e 0le 3eha"e i! /ertai! (a&s1 The C !tr ller* !e . the te! me! (h ru! the ( rl$* e%0lai!s s me . the m re 0r . u!$ 0ri!/i0les ! (hi/h the Ut 0ia is 3ase$1 O!e is that <hist r& is 3u!:<= the s /iet& limits 0e 0le5s :! (le$2e . the 0ast s the& (ill ! t 3e a3le t / m0are the 0rese!t (ith a!&thi!2 that mi2ht ma:e them (a!t t /ha!2e the 0rese!t1 A! ther 0ri!/i0le is that 0e 0le sh ul$ ha"e ! em ti !s* 0arti/ularl& ! 0ai!.ul em ti !s= 3li!$ ha00i!ess is !e/essar& . r sta3ilit&1 O!e . the thi!2s that 2uara!tees ha00i!ess is a $ru2 /alle$ s ma* (hi/h /alms & u $ (! a!$ 2ets & u hi2h 3ut !e"er 2i"es & u a ha!2 "er1 A! ther is the <.eelies*< m "ies that rea/h & ur se!se . t u/h as (ell as & ur si2ht a!$ heari!21 A.ter Hu%le& 0rese!ts these themes i! the .irst three /ha0ters* the st r& 3e2i!s1 Ber!ar$ Mar%* a! Al0ha . the t 0 /lass* is ! the "er2e . .alli!2 i! l "e (ith Le!i!a Cr (!e* a ( ma! (h

( r:s i! the Em3r& R

m . the Hat/her&1 Le!i!a has 3ee! $ati!2 He!r& F ster* a Hat/her&

s/ie!tist= her .rie!$ Fa!!& !a2s her 3e/ause she has!5t see! a!& ther ma! . r . ur m !ths1 Le!i!a li:es Ber!ar$ 3ut $ es!5t .all i! l "e (ith him1 Falli!2 i! l "e is a si! i! this ( rl$ i! (hi/h !e has se% (ith e"er& !e else* a!$ she is a ha00&* / !. rmi!2 /iti4e! . the Ut 0ia1 Ber!ar$ is a 3it $$= . r !e thi!2* he5s small . r a! Al0ha* i! a ( rl$ (here e"er& mem3er . the same /aste is ali:e1 He li:es t treasure his $i..ere!/es .r m his .ell (s* 3ut he la/:s the / ura2e t .i2ht . r his ri2ht t 3e a! i!$i"i$ual1 I! / !trast is his .rie!$ Helmh lt4 )ats !* su//ess.ul i! s0 rts* se%* a!$ / mmu!it& a/ti"ities* 3ut 0e!l& $issatis.ie$ 3e/ause i!stea$ . (riti!2 s methi!2 3eauti.ul a!$ 0 (er.ul* his 6 3 is t tur! ut 0r 0a2a!$a1 Ber!ar$ atte!$s a s li$arit& ser"i/e . the F r$ia! reli2i !* a 0ar $& . Christia!it& as 0ra/ti/e$ i! E!2la!$ i! the -7+,s1 Ber!ar$ the! ta:es Le!i!a t "isit a Sa"a2e Reser"ati ! i! N rth Ameri/a1 )hile si2!i!2 his 0ermit t 2 * the Dire/t r tells Ber!ar$ h ( he "isite$ the same Reser"ati ! as a & u!2 ma!* ta:i!2 a & u!2 ( ma! .r m L !$ ! (h $isa00eare$ a!$ (as 0resume$ $ea$1 He the! threate!s Ber!ar$ (ith e%ile t I/ela!$ 3e/ause Ber!ar$ is a ! !/ !. rmist> he $ es!5t 2 33le u0 0leasure i! his leisure time li:e a! i!.a!t1 At the Reser"ati !* Ber!ar$ a!$ Le!i!a meet ? h!* a ha!$s me & u!2 Sa"a2e (h * Ber!ar$ s ! reali4es* is the s ! . the Dire/t r1 Clearl&* the ( ma! the Dire/t r ha$ ta:e! t the

Reser"ati ! l !2 a2 ha$ 3e/ me 0re2!a!t as the result . a! a//i$e!t that the /iti4e!s . Ut 0ia ( ul$ / !si$er 3s/e!e1 ? h! has a .a!tas& 0i/ture . the Ut 0ia .r m his m ther5s tales a!$ a :! (le$2e . Sha:es0eare that he mista:es . r a 2ui$e t realit&1

Ber!ar$ 2ets 0ermissi ! .r m the C !tr ller t 3ri!2 ? h! a!$ Li!$a* his m ther* 3a/: t L !$ !1 The Dire/t r ha$ /alle$ a 0u3li/ meeti!2 t a!! u!/e Ber!ar$5s e%ile* 3ut 3& 2reeti!2 the Dire/t r as l "er a!$ .ather* res0e/ti"el&* Li!$a a!$ ? h! tur! him i!t a! 3s/e!e 6 :e1 Ber!ar$ sta&s a!$ 3e/ mes the /e!ter . atte!ti ! . all L !$ ! 3e/ause he is* i! e..e/t* ? h!5s 2uar$ia!* a!$ e"er&3 $& (a!ts t meet the Sa"a2e1 Li!$a 2 es i!t a 0erma!e!t s ma tra!/e a.ter her &ears . e%ile ! the Reser"ati !1 ? h! is ta:e! t see all the attra/ti !s . !e( ( rl$ s /iet& a!$ $ es!5t li:e them1 But he e!6 &s ar2ui!2 (ith Helmh lt4 a3 ut them* a!$ a3 ut Sha:es0eare1 Le!i!a has 3e/ me 0 0ular 3e/ause she is th u2ht t 3e slee0i!2 (ith the Sa"a2e1 E"er& !e e!"ies her a!$ (a!ts t :! ( (hat it5s li:e1 But* i! .a/t* (hile she (a!ts t slee0 (ith ? h!* he re.uses 3e/ause he* t * has .alle! i! l "e (ith her' a!$ he has ta:e! .r m Sha:es0eare the l$' .ashi !e$ i$ea that l "ers sh ul$ 3e 0ure1 N t u!$ersta!$i!2 this* she .i!all& / mes t his a0artme!t a!$ ta:es her /l thes ..1 He thr (s her ut* /alli!2 her a 0r stitute 3e/ause he thi!:s she5s imm ral* e"e! th u2h he (a!ts her $es0eratel&1 ? h! the! lear!s that his m ther is $&i!21 The h s0ital illustrates the Ut 0ia5s a00r a/h t $eath* (hi/h i!/lu$es tr&i!2 t / m0letel& elimi!ate 2rie. a!$ 0ai!1 )he! ? h! 2 es t "isit Li!$a he is $e"astate$= his $is0la& . 2rie. .ri2hte!s /hil$re! 3ei!2 tau2ht that $eath is a 0leasa!t a!$ !atural 0r /ess1 ? h! 2r (s s a!2r& that he tries t 3ri!2 the Ut 0ia 3a/: t (hat he / !si$ers sa!it& a!$ m ralit& 3& $isru0ti!2 the $ail& $istri3uti ! . s ma t l (er'/aste Delta ( r:ers1 That lea$s t a ri t= ? h!* Ber!ar$* a!$ Helmh lt4 are arreste$1 The three the! / !.r !t the C !tr ller* (h e%0lai!s m re . the Ut 0ia5s 0ri!/i0les1 Their / !"ersati ! re"eals that the Ut 0ia a/hie"es its ha00i!ess 3& 2i"i!2 u0 s/ie!/e* art* reli2i !*

a!$ ther thi!2s that (e 0ri4e i! the real ( rl$1 The C !tr ller se!$s Ber!ar$ t I/ela!$* a.ter all* a!$ Helmh lt4 t the Fal:la!$ Isla!$s1 He :ee0s ? h! i! E!2la!$* 3ut ? h! .i!$s a 0la/e (here he /a! lea$ a hermit5s li.e* / m0lete (ith su..eri!21 His s litu$e is i!"a$e$ 3& Ut 0ia!s (h (a!t t see him su..er* as th u2h it (ere a si$esh ( s0e/ta/le= (he! Le!i!a 6 i!s the m 3* he :ills himsel.1