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-khappucino
Based on the research of Paul Ekman, Charles Darwin, and Duchenne
de Balogne. (See the “Facial Action Coding System: Megan Fox Edition
for the specific action units mentioned here)
If you would like to purchase the real facs system, you can do so by
following this link.
http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/new_version.jsp
The smile is an elusive expression because it is commonly flashed for
politeness or to conform to social norms/rules. (Asians tend to
smile when they are upset) Paul Ekman calls these Display Rules.
What you will notice in common between the polite and the true
smile is that both use action unit 12 (The lip corner puller).
The lip edges are lifted towards the ears.
The main difference between the polite and the real smile is the
contraction of the eye muscles that surround the eye socket. This is
called action unit 6 (The Cheek Raiser). For instance some people
will display ‘laugh lines’ or ‘crows feet’ when they smile. The outer
parts of the eye tend to be pulled down. Thus the Eyes also smile
when you truly smile, in terms of actually having joy while you
smile.
For a bit of history, the true smile is also called the duchenne
smile. This was a French neurologist who did experiments with
electrical stimulation of the face. When he told the model to smile
he got the Action Unit 12 smile, but when he told the patient a joke,
the patient generated an eye muscle contraction in addition to the
lip corner raiser muscle.
Anger
The action unit that in question is action unit 4 (The brow lowerer).
As you can see in the above picture, the inner eyebrow is lowered
and brought closer together. The key action here is the converging
of the eyebrows in a downward direction.
The key here is the vertical movement of the mouth. The fear
expression is similar but the mouth stretches horizontally. This is
explained in the next section on fear.
One could theorize that the raising of the eyelids allows you to
take in more information by maximizing the field of view in the eyes.
Fear
As you can see it would be easy to confuse fear and surprise if you
didn’t notice the difference in the lip stretching. For both
expressions you may have the mouth opening, however the key thing
to pay attention to is the horizontal lip stretching.
Contempt
The action unit involved in this is Action Unit 12 (lip Corner Puller)
The corner of either the left or right lip will be pulled up and
towards the ears. This is basically a half smile or smirk.
The intent behind this expression is one of superiority, you may see
this when someone is arguing with you and they think they have the
upper hand or moral high ground
The nose wrinkles and the upper parts of the lip raise up to expose
the canine teeth. Think of a dog snarling.
This emotion is a powerful one, it’s the one you may see when you
smell something that is rotten, or when you see someone whose
behavior you absolutely abhor, or when you see something… to put
it directly ‘disgusting’.
In the Fox television show lie to me, the character ‘dr. lightman’
(who is actually based on paul ekman) states that, if you see this
expression in your spouse, it’s going to be game over for your
marriage. That may or may not be true, but it is an interesting
thought.
Sadness
The key here is to pay attention to the inner eyebrows being raised
but not the outer eyebrows. Also the lip edges are pulled down
towards chin.
Shame
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