CONCEPT HOUSING TYPOLOGIES FOR HALSWELL VILLA YAN

GROUP: VILLA YAN, DESMOND LAM, ZARA HUANG

INTRODUCTION
The design challenge is located in Halswell, south west of the Christchurch City Centre. It is set to become one of the busiest suburbs in Christchurch by 2030 with more than 40,826 people, 14,000 homes, and one of the fastest growing area in the city. At present, it has a population of 14,680 and 6,000 homes. The local lifestyle has a strong sense of community with emphasis on community events. There are also an abundance of recreational and sports opportunities in Halswell. Geographically, it is surrounded by generous green fields on the east and west that contributes to Halswells rural and suburban character. Halswell was not significantly affected by the 2011 earthquake. The current Halswell town centre consists of a supermarket and a limited number of retail stores with no public gathering spaces, while the busy Halswell Road cuts across residential homes and the town centre with no pedestrian path ways. This is dangerous and discourages pedestrians from gathering in the town centre. People mainly shop at nearby shopping malls such as the Hornby Mall, Barrington Mall or the Tower Junction Mega Centre. The Halswell town centre needs to be developed for local shopper convenience and needs to provide attractive gathering spaces for the community. Through a series of research and site visits, we have identified a number of problematic issues that can be resolved by thoughtful architectural design. One of the main issue is the mismatch between demographics and housing typologies, as most houses are 3 bedrooms houses while there is a huge amount of single person and couples. As a result they are forced to live in a 3 bedroom house which the use of land becomes ineffective. With population increasing in the future, new housing typologies must be introduced to create denser centre that will be a more enjoyable living environment for different types of people. This book is a summary of our research and it will provide a design solution for new housing typologies in Halswell.

Introduction To New Housing Typologies In Christchurch

VILLA YAN

Group: Villa Yan, Desmond Lam, Zara Huang Tutor: Camia Young, Kelvin Fung AD2 Architecture Department The University Of Auckland
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CONTENTS
PART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
RESEARCH AREA CHARACTER BUILT FABRIC TOWN CENTRE SHOPPING MALLS

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8 10 16 18 19

PART 2: TRANSPORT
BUS ROUTE BUS ROUTES + WALKING DISTANCE CYCLYSTS FREQUENCY + ROAD SPEED JOURNEY TO WORK

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22 23 24 25

PART 3: HOUSING TYPOLOGIES + DEMOGRAPHICS

CURRENT HOUSING TYPOLOGIES MISSING HOUSING TYPOLOGY GROWTH + INTERNAL MIGRATION SITUATION + PROBLEM + OPTION + RESULT HOUSING TYPOLOGY SUMMARY COMMUNITY FEEDBACK

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28 29 30 31 32 33

PART 4: DESIGN CONCEPT

SOLUTION PROJECT SITE DESIGN EVOLUTION ROOM TYPOLOGIES + PROGRAM GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN EXAMPLE FLOOR PLAN DENSITY COMPARISON SECTIONS RENDER: COURTYARD EXPERIENCE RENDER: COURTYARD DESIGN REPORT
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36 37 38 41 42 43 44 45 46 48 49 50
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GENERAL INFORMATION

VILLA YAN / DESMOND LAM / ZARA HUNG

RESEARCH AREA CHARACTER BUILT FABRIC TOWN CENTRE VILLA YAN / DESMOND LAM / ZARA HUNG SHOPPING MALLS

SITE LOCATION

Halswell is a town located south west of Christchurch City. With a history dating back to the 1790s, it has become a very appealing residential town with its own unique industry and identity. The town is growing rapidly with subdivisions and has an expected population growth from 14,680 up to 40,826 by the year 2030.

HALSWELL Area: 41.8km2 Population: 14,680

TO AIRPORT

CHRISTCHURCH CBD

15.5 Km 23 min 1hr10min 10.2 Km 10 min HALSWELL 30 min (not suitable) 26 min

HALSWELL 2 41.8 Km 14,680

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TOWN CHARACTERISTICS
Halswell has unique characteristics and identity. Local small shops represent the key elements of the town, providing a sense of place and identity for the area. The suburban zones are generously surrounded by green fields and the result is large open spaces maintained for residents and visitors to enjoy.

LOCAL
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SUBURBAN
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RURAL

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BUILT FABRIC

Main Roads
The busiest roads are Halswell Rd and Halswell Junction Rd. Halswell Rd leads into the CBD while the Halswell Junction Rd goes to Honby, another major suburb in Christchurch Main roads Service roads

Built Infrastructure
Large busy road slicing across residential areas

Green Spaces
Parks and reserves are scattered across residential zones. The area is surrounded by rural land Main roads Residential Business Open space Community Cultural Conservation Special Purpose

Main commercial area Main roads Service roads Built Infrastructure

Main roads Parks and Reserves Rural land N

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TOWN CENTRE
Halswells town centre is a mixture of small shops, cultural and historical monuments and generous green fields. However, with an impending large population growth, these shops and plain green fields will not be a sufficient form of amenity. Furthermore, does not provide a pleasant environment for settlement. TOWN CENTRE JUNCTION

Halswell Road

SHOPPING MALLS

The Halswell centre consists of a supermarket with a small number of retails stores that is about to provide for local residents basic daily needs. People prefer to go to other major shopping malls in other suburbs of a 8km radius and on average of 12 minutes of driving, which means Halswell might not need a mall as it is already very well connected to all entertainments.

Hornby Mall appears to be more popular for Halswel residents as there is a direct bus route that only takes 13 minutes, while other shopping malls will be harder for those without cars as there are no direct routes.

4 1 2 3 6 HORNBY MALL
13 min 13 min

600m

RICCARTON MALL
12 min 33 min

TOWER JUNCTION MEGA CENTRE

11 min 35 min

RE-STARTMALL
14 min 32 min CHRISTCHURCH CBD

7K

1. RESIDENTIAL ZONE Directly opposite the town centre is a low density residental zone. Much like its neighbouring zones, it is low rise, and the built form hasnt adapted to the changes of the town centre.

2. ABANDONED HOUSE An old abandoned house and its plot surroundings still exists in the town centre. This has a negative impact on the towns image and serves no purpose.

3. LOCAL SHOPS A supermarket and a series of other smaller local shops exist as the towns amenity centre. Car parks also consume a large portion of the town centre.
5.9 Km

BARRINGTON SHOPPING MALL

6 7. Km

8K m

11 min

6.2

Km

23 min

4. SPORTS CLUBS Halswells greatest attribute is the generous amount of parks and reserves available. This has allowed the town to develop into an activity and sports oriented community. 18
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5. CHURCHES AND CEMETARY The churches and cemetary are some of the towns most historical buildings and monuments. They are also religiously significant.

6. AQUATIC CENTRE The only swimming facility in Halswell is only open during the summer (Nov. - Feb.). It provides a heated pool with 8 lanes and a toddlers pool.

HALSWELL SUPERMARKET

4km

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TRANSPORT

BUS ROUTE BUS ROUTES + WALKING DISTANCE CYCLYSTS FREQUENCY + ROAD SPEED JOURNEY TO WORK
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BUS ROUTES
Halswell has 3 frequent bus routes; route 7 goes to Queens Park, route 60 to New Brighton and route M to Upper Riccarton. Both route 7 and 60 passes through the CBD. However there is no bus lanes as a result of late buses. Going to other parts of the Christchurch will need to inter-change bus at the CBD bus station. QUEENSPARK

BUS ROUTES + WALKING DISTANCE

NEW BRIGHTON

UPPER RICCARTON

CHRISTCHURCH CBD

HORNBY

BUS INTER-CHANGE

HALSWELL

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CYCLISTS FREQUENCY

+ ROAD SPEED

JOURNEY TO WORK
A majority of people take drive cars as a result of inconvenient public transport system for travelling to long distances. People are willing to walk for short distances, and there is a steady percentage of daily cyclists regardless travelling up to 15 Km.

100% 95% 90% 85% % Of All Trips 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 11-12 13-14 14-15

The speed limit in Halswell is on average 60km/h because of its rural location. This speed is quite high for such a dense populated residential area where there is a number of retired people and children. Additionally there is a lack of pedestrians which makes road crossing very dangerous.

Distance Km/s

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HOUSING TYPOLOGIES + DEMOGRAPHICS

CURRENT HOUSING TYPOLOGIES MISSING HOUSING TYPOLOGY GROWTH + INTERNAL MIGRATION SITUATION + PROBLEM + OPTION + RESULT HOUSING TYPOLOGY SUMMARY COMMUNITY FEEDBACK
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CURRENT HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

Single unit detached houses are currently the biggest form of long-term accommodation for Halswell residents. Research shows they are predominantly 3 bedroom homes with 2 car garages. However, the apartments also have 3 bedrooms, highlighting the lack of 1-2 bedroom accommodation for smaller family types. SINGLE UNIT DETACHED HOUSE 3 bedrooms 2 bathrooms 2 car garage

MISSING HOUSING TYPOLOGY

The current housing typology ranges from single unit homes, to mid-rise city infrastructures. However, there is a large group of missing middle housing typologies. This indicates a lack of housing choice for residents because the housing typologies are not adapting to the changing demographics.

ST JOHN OF GOD APARTMENTS (TEMPORARY) 1 bedroom 1 bathroom

ANTHONY WILDING RETIREMENT VILLAGE 2 bedrooms 2 bathrooms 2 car garage

TE REPO APARTMENTS 3 bedrooms 2 bathrooms 2 car garage

SINGLE UNIT DETACHED

DUPLEX

TRIPLEX & FOURPLEX

BUNGALOW COURT

TOWNHOUSE

LIVE/WORK

COURTYARD APARTMENT

MID-RISE

MISSING MIDDLE HOUSING TYPES

CRAYTHORNES PUBLIC HOUSE (TEMPORARY) 1 bedroom 1 bathroom no garage

2km

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GROWTH + INTERNAL MIGRATION

Halswell is a sought after place to live in. Its close proximity to both the Port Hills and inner city, has an attractive semi-rural outlook and a village atmosphere.This has made Halswell a very attractive town for young families and working individuals to settle while maintaining easy access to the city centre.

SITUATION + PROBLEM + OPTION + RESULT

1. SITUATION
RESIDENT POPULATION GROWTH
27,000 25,000 23,000 21,000 19,000 17,000 15,000 13,000 11,000 9,000 7,000 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031

2. PROBLEM
Halswell lacks facilities such as a town centre, retail, public meeting spaces, job opportunities and housing typology.

FUTURE CCC PLANS

CHRISTCHURCH HOUSEHOLDS (10-yearly)

10 yearly percentage change (projected)
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Change 2006-2016 Change 2016-2026 Change 2026-2036

population

100

years

facilities years

The Christchurch City Council (CCC) has opened a large amount of green field sites for development in the Halswell region. The land is considerably more stable and is also close proximity to the city centre (8km).

Halswell will almost triple its population over the next 30 years. From todays 5,000 households, the suburb will increase to nearly 14,000 homes by the year 2041.

Christchurch households Halswell households The extent and timing of household growth is dependent on the greenfield developments. Comparison with Christchurch-wide household change shows how extraordinary the population increase will be in Halswell.

3. BEST OPTION
STEADY INCREASE

4. RESULT
A slow and steady increase of new facilities around the town will stimulate the neighbourhood and provide an even balance between the increasing population and available facilities.

facilities
years

years

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HOUSING TYPOLOGY SUMMARY

DEMOGRAPHICS
NOW 2030 FAMILY TYPE

COMMUNITY FEEDBACK
TYPES OF PEOPLE
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION Other 14.1% 25.2% 42.7% 37.7% 38.8% 60.4% 48.2%

HOUSEHOLD TENURE
We don't yet have lanes out this way, so buses cannot have priority and are in rush hour traffic.

transport network is something we don t r eally ha ve at the moment .

A good activ e

Its har d to get ar ound the supe rmarket...y ou know somebody ; every aisle y ou go do wn you

al ways

bus

know somebody

6000 households 14,680 residents

50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

14,000 households 40,826 residents

19%

5.4%

7.2%

very slow

Lots of

different from the ci ty, its got its own feel, it s own identi ty .
Its kind of

There will be more couples without children in the future Households Residents

A quarter of the individuals in Halswell are living in a 3 bedroom house

Most households are owned, but a large amount of individuals and couples rent.

Most people use their busy times.

ca rs to get ar ound and there ar e problems with congestion at

+
Full of people who without their car s.

going on at the moment .

ugly new subdi visions

No town cent re .

We real ly need to find ways of helping people be independent of

DEMAND

HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

RESIDENTIAL YEARS

HALSWELL COMMUNITY

space hogging v ehicles

that consume oil and pump carbon di oxide into the ai r.

The b uses

don t tend to run to whe re I need to go to work or recreation

?
A new housing typology needs to be introduced in order to adapt to the changing demographics of the Halswell community. This typology should comprise of 1-2 bedroom housing, with an aim to fulfill the needs of individuals and smaller families as they are currently neglected.

? > 1 yr

1529y
>3 0y rs

Houses 74%

Temporary homes 6%

Retirement homes 7%

The pub lic Su burb of and those who use them don't p ay a ny more for them than those of us who don't.

10-14 yrs 5-9 yrs 1-4 yrs

ugly ca rpar ks

transport was not t oo bad before the

Apartments 4%

Townhouses 9%

Short residential years shows that Halswell is a stepping stone for residents, and not a long-term home.

ea rthquakes t ook out the Ci ty cent re.

can't imagine getting an ywhe re not sa fe for children to bike or walk to school dur ing
Its generall y congest ed time s.

87% of housing typologies are 3 bedroom homes. The results in a lack of choice and suitability for individuals and smaller families.

successful , enthusiastic individuals,

The re a re

don t have great shopping or communi ty facilities We not ma ny places to work .

and

groups, net works and liasons ha rd at work in the local ar ea.

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SITE CONCEPT

SOLUTION PROJECT SITE DESIGN EVOLUTION ROOM TYPOLOGIES + PROGRAM GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN EXAMPLE FLOOR PLAN DENSITY COMPARISON SECTION RENDER: COURT YARD EXPERIENCE RENDER: COURTYARD DESIGN REPORT
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SOLUTION

PROJECT SITE
In the living 1 zone low density development is anticipated. One unit/ dwelling is permitted on a minimum net land area of 450m2. A feature of this zone is the large amount of open space required - the site coverage is a maximum of 35% or 40% depending on the building height. These zones are generally located in the outer suburban areas.

100m

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DESIGN EVOLUTION

1. Site / Existing Buildings

2. Super-imposing Super-imposing neighbouring houses onto the site. Existing plots as new type of housing typology by alternation to floor plans

3. Mirrored Street front Street front houses on Nicholls Rd are mirrored to the existing houses on the opposite side

7. Circulation Point Every intersection point becomes circulation spaces access from garage, and connected to communal facilities above

8. Circulation + Open Space The circulation spaces will be connected to a communal garden.

9. Green Connections Connect all units with green landscape

4. Rotation 900 Rotating super-imposed houses 90 degrees to face the Halswell Domain 38

5. Combined Form By mirroring and rotating from steps 3+4, a grid form appeared. Apartments will be places on top of the supermarket to maximize site usage

6. Elevated House Raising houses to increase privacy and maintain ground level activities

10. Offest House Plates Offsetting each house plot as the connection

11. Modification Readjusting shapes till they connect

12. Communal + Private Gardens Communal gardens Private gardens 39

ROOM TYPOLOGIES + PROGRAM

Entrance to all units are through the ground floor garages into the first floor communal space, which then distributes people into their homes. Most Units are 1-2 bed rooms for single person or young couples, and can be for short or long term accomadation.

Floor area: 74m2 - 82m2 Rooms on site: 20

Floor area: 38m2 Rooms on site: 20

Floor area: 55 - 60m2 Rooms on site: 40

Floor area: 62-68m2 Rooms on site: 60

3-4 bedrooms + Kitchen

1 bedroom

1 bedroom + kitchen

2 bedroom + kitchen

13. Distributing point Distributing radius from circulation point. Each access will go to 3-4 houses

14. Adding Levels Adding on levels to create density. Adjust buildings to increase privacy. Pitch roofs as a characteristics of surrounding buildings

15. Sky Walkway Sky walkway that will connect residents to the central communal gardens

Floor area: 60-70m2 Rooms on site: 10

3+ bedroom

Communal Space

Area:140- 150 m2 Kitchen living room Garden

Area:140- 150 m2 Rooms on site: 30

2 bedroom

16. Sun Light Openings to provide light source to ground floor 40

17. Types of Units All rooms are located randomly thoughout the site depending on existing plot area and location

1 Bdr, Kitchen 1 Bdr 2 Bdr, Kitchen 2 Bdr 3-4 Bdr, Kitchen 3-4 Bdr

Planting Area Grass Access Points/ Communal Facilities

18. Main circulation All buses can pass through the site means less car parks are needed.

Green Area Parking Bus Stop Bus Route Main Vehical Route Existing Buildings

Total house footprint: 8240 m2 Total floor area: 14.525 m2 Average occupancy: 454 Residents

Area:122 - 141 m2 Stores 4-5 Cars Storage space Bike racks

Area:7399 m2 Parking: 1838 m2 / 123 Cars

Area:7399 m2 Parking: 327 Cars Approx.

Public Parking Existing Supermarket + Retail

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Garage/Entrance

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

A

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

A B B

Existing Buildings Planting space Grass Main Road Concrete Paving Garages/Access Points Bus Stop Skate Park 0 42 10 20 30 m 0

Paving Grass Planting space Communal spaces/ Distributing point 10 20 30

m
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EXAMPLE FLOOR PLAN

1. Communal Space 2. 1 Bedroom without kitchen 3. Stairs to upper apartment 4. 4 bedroom without kitchen

DENSITY COMPARISON

New floor plans are created in the boundary of existing house plots. The houses may have more than 1 homes with different floor plans depending on the form and size. The diagram on the right shows a possible layout of floor plans for communal and shared spaces, apartments, and outdoor environment.

EXISTING HOUSES THE SAME AREA: Living Zone 1 42 Houses 147 Residents
4.

OF

3.

2.

12,940 m

PROPOSED DESIGN: 50 Houses 180 Unites 400 Residents 172% Increase in Density

1.
m

44

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SECTIONS

Section A - A

10 m

Section B - B
46

10

20 m 47

RENDER : COURT YARD EXPERIENCE

RENDER : COURT YARD

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DESIGN REPORT
Transport and Cyclists There are 3 frequent bus routes in Halswell; route 7 to Queens Park, route 60 to New Brighton and route M (Metro) to Upper Riccarton. Both route 7 and 60 passes through the CBD. All buses overlaps at the Halswell centre. Cycling also appeared to be quite popular in Halswell due to flat geographic. However public transport and cyclists are not prioritized as there are no bus lanes. Resident complained about late buses and insecurity when cycling. Going to other parts of the Christchurch will need to interchange bus at the CBD bus station. A majority of people take drive cars as a result of inconvenient public transport system for travelling to long distances. Housing Typologies and Demographics

Form and Space

Introduction The design challenge is located in Halswell, south west of the Christchurch City Centre. It is set to become one of the busiest suburbs in Christchurch by 2030 with more than 40,826 people, 14,000 homes, and one of the fastest growing area in the city. At present, it has a population of 14,680 and 6,000 homes. The local lifestyle has a strong sense of community with emphasis on community events. There are also an abundance of recreational and sports opportunities in Halswell. Geographically, it is surrounded by generous green fields on the east and west that contributes to Halswells rural and suburban character. Halswell is in the living 1 zone low density development where there is a large amount of open space with a site coverage of 35-40% depending on building height. The previous earthquakes did not significantly affected Halswell. Current Halswell Town Centre From our research and site visits, we have identified a number of problematic issues that can be resolved by thoughtful architectural design. The current Halswell town centre consists of a supermarket and a limited number of retail stores with no public gathering spaces, while the busy Halswell Road cuts across residential homes and the town centre with no pedestrian path ways. This is dangerous and discourages pedestrians from gathering in the town centre. People mainly shop at nearby shopping malls such as the Hornby Mall, Barrington Mall or the Tower Junction Mega Centre. The Halswell town centre needs to be developed for local shopper convenience and needs to provide attractive gathering spaces for the community.

The design approach is to take a form by superimposing a neighbouring building block on Nicholls Road and mirrored it onto my site that corresponded to the existing block on the other side of Nicholls Road. The mirrored block is then turned 90 degrees to face the Haswell domain for its greenery. Through a series of re-iterations, the design has been transformed into a distorted grid pattern. The intersection of the grid becomes circulation distributing point that is connected to a communal kitchen, communal garden. All the housing unnits are accessed through a 4-5 car garage by stairs or elevators. There are also storages spaces and bike parks inside the garages. The new housing units are mostly 2 stories high but still keep privacy and maximise sunlight through adjustments, while the roofs capes are angled to maintain neighbouring housing characteristics. To preserve flexible ground floor activities and to increase residence privacy, the development is raised on poles while the house plots offsets outwards to create plates for housing units to site on. The raised plates will provide a more communal zone for residents with lots of public and private gardens. Underneath the plates will be used for car parks, and light wells will be cut around the plates to allow light underneath. The grid form of my development created 3 courtyards as public social spaces. The courtyard will have a edible garden and skate park for the community of Halswell. Housing Typologies There are 6 types of house units throughout the site; 1, 2, 3 bedrooms with or without kitchen. The houses without kitchen are located closer to the communal kitchen. The housing units are located randomly throughout the site depending on existing plot area and location relating to the community kitchen. The 1-2 bedroom houses can be for short or long term accommodation. My new development will be able to accommodated on average about 400 people. Existing supermarket and retail store footprint: 3799 m2 House on site: 50 of 2 storey houses Total house footprint area: 8240 m2 Total floor space:14,525 m2 Communal space area: 1934 m2 1 bedroom Units: 20 1 bedroom + kitchen Units: 40 2 bedroom Units: 30 2 bedroom + kitchen Units: 60 3+ bedroom Units: 10 3+ bedroom + kitchen Units: 20 Private parking space: 1092 m2 / 38 cars in garages Public parking space: 1838 m2 / 123 cars

Proposed Transport Since all bus route overlaps at Halswell centre, new bus routes can enter the site through Nicholls street and exit on Halswell road. By having convenient transport system will encourage people to cycle and drive less, hence car park spaces can be turned into more green areas. Conclusion To summarise, my proposed design have intensified the centre by an increase intensity of 172 % comparing to neighbouring households in the same amount of area (33087Km2). My form and strategy allowed me to plan affective circulation spaces and outdoor area for both public and private use, as well as maximising the effectiveness of activities in different level base, such as parking on ground floor with housing elevated above and on top of the supermarket. The new housing typologies of 1-2 bedroom living in mixed used zone will be the solution for mismatch between Halswell demographic and housing typologies. The new type of village like living will attract various groups of people and different duration of stay into Halswell, adding to the local commerce, building a more diverse community and bring life into creating a stronger centre.

Based on our research, there is also a mismatch between Halswell demographics and the currently available housing typologies. The research showed that there is 74% of 3 bedroom houses with only 4% apartments and 9% town houses, while 42% of the population are couples without children and 19% are singles. Obviously a large number people are forced to live in 3 bedroom houses due to lack of choice. Additionally, 60% of people only stay in Haswell for 1-4 years, which indicates that Haslwell could be a stepping stone for some new arrivals to Christchurch. A new housing typology is also needed to accommodate these people. By combining the above issues, rather than expanding outwards, a more creating vibrant town centre will capture more consumers and enhance Halswells local commerce. My goal is to introduce a new housing typology at the town centre that will accommodate couples without children and single people, while providing meaningful and enjoyable social spaces that will increase Halswell residents quality of life. Site Description The chosen site is located at the Halswell Centre at the corner of Halswell Road and Nicholls Road. Opposite the Centre on Halswell Road is the Haswell Domain, which is Haswells sports ground. The total site area is 12,940 m2 .

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