iBerry - OCW2 Mathematics

Preface
At present, Open Courseware (OCW) usually consists of educational material (lecture notes,
videos, slide presentations, assignments, readings, etc) created for a conventional university or
college course and comes without learner support such as expert tuition, contact with fellow
learners or examinations and the prospect of recognized qualifications. iBerry's “Open
Courseware 2.0” project attempts to fill the gap between existing OCW and its usability by
online learners by bringing together recommended links to OCW items, guides, motivational
material, learning communities etc for specific academic topics - all based on Open Educational
Resources (OER).

OCW2 Maths is the first academic subject to be tackled by iBerry in this way and is essentially a
recommended route map through mathematics - from basics, through mainstream to reference
material including many open content textbooks. Links to several websites offering online support
in maths are also included.

What follows is Version 1 of OCW2 Maths - comments and constructive criticism are very
welcome! Another version that includes embedded videos is available at iBerry.

Even if you have no particular interest in maths your comments on form and structure would
be of value in developing OCW2 for other academic areas. Please contact us!

iBerry is a non-profit making, private website providing information and resources for learners,
educators, researchers and anyone else with an interest in Higher Education.
 iBerry - OCW2 Mathematics

OCW2 Mathematics
A route map through maths for the online learner

CONTENTS:
1. Introduction

2. OCW2 Maths FAQ

3. About Maths

4. Basic Maths

5. Introductory Maths Search

6. Mainstream Maths

7. Algebra

8. Calculus and Analysis

9. Probability and Statistics

10. Maths Support

11. Reference

1. Introduction

What is Mathematics?
Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, relation, change, and various topics of pattern, form
and entity. Mathematicians seek out patterns whether found in numbers, space, natural science,
computers, imaginary abstractions, or elsewhere. Mathematicians formulate new conjectures and establish
truth by rigorous deduction from axioms and definitions.

Through the use of abstraction and logical reasoning, mathematics evolved from counting, calculation,
measurement, and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical objects. Knowledge and use
of basic mathematics have always been an inherent and integral part of individual and group life. Today,
mathematics is used throughout the world as an essential tool in many fields, including natural science,
engineering, medicine, and the social sciences such as economics and psychology.

Applied mathematics, the branch of mathematics concerned with application of mathematical knowledge
to other fields, inspires and makes use of new mathematical discoveries and sometimes leads to the
development of entirely new disciplines. Mathematicians also engage in pure mathematics, or
mathematics for its own sake, without having any application in mind, although practical applications for
what began as pure mathematics are often discovered later.
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Based on "Mathematics" in Wikipedia

Listen to "That's Mathematics" by Tom Lehrer the American singer-songwriter, satirist, pianist - and
mathematician.

2. OCW2 Maths - FAQ

What sort of learner is OCW2 Maths aimed at?

Any adult learner with an interest in mathematics at a Higher Education level.

But how can OCW2 Maths be right for every one of these learners?

Maths is a "linear subject" - eg arithmetic before algebra and both before calculus and inevitably learners
will want to pick up at different stages. OCW2 Maths is intended as a guide or "road map" using existing
Open Educational Resources. Unlike a conventional university or college program of studies, OCW2
Maths is not designed for a specific group of students. As an empowered learner you choose where to join
the road and what you study according to your own background, preferences and objectives.

OK, I just miss out a few things if I think I know them and then learn up everything else?

Not exactly - the more elementary material is placed at the beginning of OCW2 Maths leading up to the
more advanced at the end but the recommended OCW items come in different shapes, sizes and styles
and you will find different treatments of the same topic. Again, it's up to you, the empowered learner, to
find suitable material in both academic level and style.

So how should I get started with OCW2 Maths?

Try scanning through everything at first to get a feel for what's on offer before deciding exactly where to
start serious study - but first make sure that you're familiar with the more basic material leading up to that
point - eg by tackling exercises and getting the right answers!

What do you mean, "serious study"?

The rewarding process of acquiring new skills - ie learning. Do not expect true learning to be a painless
activity! No matter how excellently courseware is presented there will always be concepts that escape you
at first. Until your understanding is complete, resist the temptation to move on. Different treatments of the
same concept can help so try looking somewhere else before returning - the same topics can appear in
several different courseware items. All this can take time, energy and dedication - that's serious study!

As a lonely online learner using Open Educational Resources who can I share with or ask for help?

Visit the websites we've recommended for Maths learning support. You'll find learning much more
enjoyable and productive if you can share your experiences in a community of learners, helping others as
well as receiving help yourself.

How do I know OCW2 Maths is worth following?

Our selection of Open Educational Resources are authored by reputable academics and educators - often
associated with prestigious universities and colleges but of course no guarantees can be given by us - we
have no affiliation with any of these institutes.
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I think I could make a far better job of OCW2 Maths! Will you publish my version?

Yes we certainly can (within reason - no spam or advertising!) and welcome your initiative. If you are a
Registered User you can add book pages to the existing OCW2 Maths or even create an alternative book
but anyone is free to suggest amendments or improvements by commenting anywhere.

I'm an educator. Can I use OCW2 Maths in my teaching?

You are very welcome to use anything on iBerry for teaching but use of material from other sites will
depend on copyright conditions - see "As an educator, can I use Open Courseware in developing my own
courses?" in Open Courseware FAQ.

3. About Maths
This section is concerned with mathematics itself rather than the details. What's it's all about, what it's
for, why we should study it, and if we do, how to go about it.

Why Study Maths?

Maths Everywhere
Reasons for studying mathematics and the practical applications of mathematical ideas - by the UK's
Open University.

The Methodology of Mathematics

Ronald Brown and Timothy Porter of the Centre for the Popularisation of Mathematics (University of
Wales, Bangor, UK), reflect on the following questions -

1. "Is mathematics important? If so, for what, in what contexts,and why?

2. What is the nature of mathematics, in comparison with other subjects?
3. What are the objects of study of mathematics?
4. What is the methodology of mathematics, what is the way it goes about its job?
5. Is there research going on in mathematics? If so, how much? What are its broad aims or main
aims? What are its most important achievements? How does one go about doing mathematical
research?
6. What is good mathematics?"

"Mathematics" from Encarta

A useful 12 page encyclopedic article begins with the following quote but note that MSN Encarta is to be
discontinued on October 31, 2009.

"Mathematics, a way of describing relationships between numbers and other measurable quantities.
Mathematics can express simple equations as well as interactions among the smallest particles and the
farthest objects in the known universe. Mathematics allows scientists to communicate ideas using
universally accepted terminology. It is truly the language of science."
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"Mathematics," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2009

http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2009 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

How to Study Maths

Paul's Online Math Notes

Although aimed at students taking university maths classes, this is detailed and excellent advice for any
type of learner - from Paul Dawkins of Lamar University, Texas.

" ..... everyone studies differently and there is no one right way to study for a math class. There are a lot
of tips in this document and there is a pretty good chance that you will not agree with all of them or find
that you can’t do all of them due to time constraints. There is nothing wrong with that. We all study
differently and all that anyone can ask of us is that we do the best that we can."

The Story of Maths

This is just the first introductory part of a BBC documentary on the history of mathematics, from its early
beginnings to its current challenges. There are 4 episodes: The Language of the Universe & the Origins of
Mathematics; The Genius of the East; The Renaissance of Mathematics & The Frontiers of Space; The
Frontiers of Science, The 20th Century. See the rest on YouTube.

" ..... a fantastic walk through the history and development of mathematics.", comments a viewer. (BBC4
Have Your Say)

Challenging Problems
"Project Euler is a series of challenging mathematical/computer programming problems that will require
more than just mathematical insights to solve. Although mathematics will help you arrive at elegant and
efficient methods, the use of a computer and programming skills will be required to solve most
problems."

Win a Million Dollars!

Maths up to speed? - there are million dollar prizes offered by the Clay Mathematics Institute waiting
for the solution to maths problems.

"In order to celebrate mathematics in the new millennium, The Clay Mathematics Institute of Cambridge,
Massachusetts (CMI) has named seven Prize Problems. The Scientific Advisory Board of CMI selected
these problems, focusing on important classic questions that have resisted solution over the years. The
Board of Directors of CMI designated a $7 million prize fund for the solution to these problems, with $1
million allocated to each.

4. Basic Maths
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A variety of Open Educational Resources providing a gentle introduction to mathematics beyond High
School - with plenty of exercises. Some very different styles of presentation are here but with
considerable repetition of topics, so it will pay to scan all items first to decide what suits you before
launching into detailed study.

mathtutor
An impressive multimedia resource designed by a group of UK teachers, mathematicians and new media
producers from the Universities of Leeds, Loughborough and Coventry and the EBS Trust.

"To bridge the gap from school to university study, to revise or find the maths topic you missed, you will
want to meet mathtutor. Video tutorials, with diagnostics, summary text and exercises, take you through
more than eighty topics in the way you choose."

Note that the videos require Windows, Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player. You can also watch
the animations on a video iPod.

Topics covered are: Arithmetic, Algebra, Functions, Sequences, Geometry, Vectors, Trigonometry,
Differentiation, Integration

Exercises in Maths Readiness

A collection of exercises by the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of
Saskatchewan on high school mathematics topics of most importance for higher education in
mathematics, science, engineering and commerce. The exercises are graded as "Introductory",
"Moderate" and "Advanced".

Topics covered are: Mental Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Exponential & Logarithmic
Functions, Miscellaneous, Techniques for Proofs

Essential Mathematics Web-book

These exercises on Essential Arithmetic and Algebra designed by Franco Vivaldi of Queen Mary,
University of London, UK, come as a 74 page PDF.

"The Essential Mathematics programme consists of over 1000 gradual exercises on integers, fractions,
radicals, polynomials, rational functions, linear and quadratic equations. Each exercise is provided with
answer for immediate feedback."

The author's suggestions include:

• Working without a calculator.

• Attempting 5 to 10 exercises a day, every day.
• Not skipping exercises unless you consistently get the correct answer at the first attempt.

Arithmetic and Algebra courses

Both courses by D A Santos of Community College of Philadelphia - were written for adults and have
an appendix with multiple-choice examination problems.
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The arithmetic course, " ... presupposes that the student is familiar with the basic mechanics of arithmetic
(for example, knowing the multiplication tables), but it tries to explain why these operations are carried
out the way they are."

In the algebra course, "The approach to algebra is classical, introducing addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of algebraic expressions. It finishes with a chapter on equations."

Reasonable Basic Algebra

Just one of A Schremmer's "Reasonable Texts" with a different approach to mathematics teaching:

"The general intention is to get the students to change from being “answer oriented”, the inevitable result
of “show and tell, drill and test”, to being “question oriented” and thus, rather than try to “remember”
things, be able to “reconstruct” them as needed."

According to the author Reasonable Basic Algebra is (among other things):

• An introduction to mathematics that appeals to the reader's reason rather than to her/his ability to
memorize.
• A way for adults to learn some mathematics—more or less in the same spirit as mathematicians
do.
• A presentation that pays pedantic attention to the linguistic difficulties the reader is likely to have
in mathematics.
• An anti "Show a Template Example, Drill and Test" manifesto.
• A work by a mathematician who, almost fifty years ago, got interested in reconciling "just plain
folks" with mathematics.

TheMathPage
In fact many detailed pages by Lawrence Spector of the Borough of Manhattan Community College at
the City University of New York. Main topics are:

• Skill in Arithmetic (complete course)

• Plane Geometry (Book I of Euclid's Elements
culminating in the Pythagorean theorem)
• Skill in Algebra (complete course)
• Topics in Trigonometry
• Topics in Precalculus
• An Approach to Calculus
• The Evolution of Real Numbers

Elementary Mathematics
A comprehensive set of notes compiled by WWL Chen and XT Duong of Macquarie University,
Sydney, Australia.

"The overall emphasis of this set of notes is on examples, of which there are many. The only way to study
mathematics satisfactorily at this level is to study many examples and to attempt many exercises ....."

Section A covers Basic Algebra (basics, introduction to matrices, trigonometry, indices and logarithms,
 iBerry - OCW2 Mathematics

polynomial equations, inequalities and absolute values, progressions, elementary counting techniques,
complex numbers) while Section B introduces Calculus (functions and lines, introduction to
differentiation, further techniques of differentiation, applications of differentiation, introduction to
integration)

Mathematical Visualization Toolkit

Designed by the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado at Boulder, this is an
impressive set of visual and computational tools designed to help learners better visualize the concepts of
Calculus. It includes: Scientific calculator; Plotting tools; Numerical tools; Linear algebra tools;
Differential equations tools; Content-specific applications; Other Calculus visualization tools; Tutorial-
style help system.

Calculus Made Easy, by Silvanus P. Thompson F.R.S.

"Being a very-simplest introduction to those beautiful ways of reckoning which are generally called by
the terrifying names of the DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS and the INTEGRAL CALCULUS".

Now out of copyright, all 301 pages of Silvanus P. Thompson's remarkable text book from 1914 are
freely available.

From the Prologue - "Considering how many fools can calculate, it is surprising that it should be thought
either a difficult or a tedious task for any other fool to learn how to master the same tricks.

Some calculus-tricks are quite easy. Some are enormously difficult. The fools who write the text-books of
advanced mathematics - and they are mostly clever fools - seldom take the trouble to show you how easy
the calculations are. On the contrary, they seem to desire to impress you with their tremendous cleverness
by going about it in the most diffficult way"

5. Introductory Maths Search

iBerry Open Courseware Directory

Open Courseware with tags "introductory" and "maths" - Search

As above but "video" only - Search

Open Educational Resources (OER) Recommender

Try using the search terms "introduction, introductory, maths, mathematics". Some may not be relevant to
Open Courseware for Higher Education.
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6. Mainstream Maths

Paul's Online Math Notes

A huge well-organized collection of maths tutorials and notes by Paul Dawkins of Lamar University,
Texas. It includes cheat sheets and tables and notes on algebra, calculus and differential equations. Very
usefully, his assumptions about the reader's background are given with each set of notes

"..... a complete set of free online (and downloadable) notes and/or tutorials for classes that I teach at
Lamar University. I've tried to write the notes/tutorials in such a way that they should be accessible to
anyone wanting to learn the subject regardless of whether you are in my classes or not."

Street-Fighting Mathematics
This imaginative course from MIT OpenCourseWare by Sanjoy Mahajan is designed to teach a flexible
attitude toward problem solving. In the form of an electronic textbook, the chapters should be accessible
to anyone with some knowledge of algebra, trigonometry and single variable calculus. There are also 3
problem sets, a teacher's guide and video lectures.

"This course teaches the art of guessing results and solving problems without doing a proof or an exact
calculation. Techniques include extreme-cases reasoning, dimensional analysis, successive
approximation, discretization, generalization, and pictorial analysis. Applications include mental
calculation, solid geometry, musical intervals, logarithms, integration, infinite series, solitaire and
differential equations."

Basic Concepts of Mathematics

This book by Elias Zakon of the University of Windsor, Canada with many exercises and optional
topics, aims to help in making the transition from purely manipulative to rigorous mathematics:

"..... covers many topics that are assumed by later courses but are often not covered with any depth or
organization: basic set theory, induction, quantifiers, functions and relations, equivalence relations,
properties of the real numbers (including consequences of the completeness axiom), fields, and basic
properties of n-dimensional Euclidean spaces."

All uses of the text are subject to Terms and Conditions but free download is offered to students using it
for self-study or lecturers evaluating it as a required or recommended text for a course.

Lecture notes of William Chen

Hundreds of pages from Macquarie University, Australia on the following topics:

First Year Calculus, Discrete Mathematics, Linear Algebra, Miscellaneous Topics in First Year
Mathematics, Multivariable and Vector Analysis, Introduction to Complex Analysis, Fundamentals of
Analysis, Linear Functional Analysis, Introduction to Lebesgue Integration, Elementary Number Theory,
Distribution of Prime Numbers, Lectures on Irregularities of Point Distribution
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Transforming Numerical Methods Education

This is a vast resource on key numerical methods from the Holistic Numerical Methods Institute of the
University of South Florida. Topics include nonlinear and simultaneous equations, differentiation,
interpolation, integration, ordinary differential equations and regression. Although aimed at science,
technology and Engineering undergraduates it is clearly accessible to all.

" ..... your lecture ignites my passion in numerical method ....." says one inspired YouTube viewer of this
video on the Newton Raphson Method - and there are about 200 videos in total.

2 books are also freely available:

Numerical Methods with Applications (Autar K Kaw, University of South Florida and Egwu Eric
Kalu, Florida A&M University)

Introduction to Matrix Algebra

(Autar K Kaw, University of South Florida)

Newton Raphson Method: Derivation

One of 9 videos by Autar K Kaw of the University of South Florida on the Newton Raphson method of
solving nonlinear equations. "See how the method is derived and applied to solve a nonlinear equation.
Look at the applications of the method in finding the square-root of a positive number and the inverse of a
number."

Wolfram MathWorld
A well-organized resource provided by Wolfram Research, makers of Mathematica and assembled over
more than a decade by Eric W. Weisstein with assistance from thousands of contributors. Topics include
Algebra, Applied Mathematics, Calculus and Analysis, Discrete Mathematics, Foundations of
Mathematics, Geometry, History and Terminology, Number Theory, Probability and Statistics,
Recreational Mathematics and Topology.

7. Algebra

Elementary Algebra
A work text by Denny Burzynski and Wade Ellis from Connexions covering the traditional topics studied
in a modern elementary algebra course.

"It is intended for students who (1) have no exposure to elementary algebra, (2) have previously had an
unpleasant experience with elementary algebra, or (3) need to review algebraic concepts and techniques."

Contents include: Arithmetic Review, Basic Properties of Real Numbers; Basic Operations with Real
Numbers; Algebraic Expressions and Equations; Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities; Factoring
Polynomials; Graphing Linear Equations and Inequalities in One and Two Variables; Rational
Expressions, Roots, Radicals and Square Root Equations; Quadratic Equations; Systems of Linear
Equations
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Virtual Math Lab

Many tutorials on the basics (College Algebra, Intermediate Algebra, Beginning Algebra) including
videos, from West Texas A&M University.

"Note that you do not have to be a student at WTAMU to use any of these online tutorials. They were
created as a service to anyone who needs help in these areas of math."

Intermediate Algebra Course

These videos by LearnersTV.com are brief but there are 218 of them with a detailed index making it
easy to home in on very specific topics.

"This video course covers basic and intermediate algebra right from basics. It covers Real Numbers,
Linear Equations, Linear Inequalities and Absolute Values, Systems of Linear Equations, Exponents,
Polynomials, and Polynomial Functions, Factoring, Rational Expressions, Roots and Radicals, Quadratic
Equations and Inequalities."

Linear Algebra
A complete set of Gilbert Strang's video lectures (with transcripts) from MIT OpenCourseWare. There
are also Java applets with voice-over narration to show some eigenvalue concepts as well as readings,
assignments, exams, study materials and related resources.

"This is a basic subject on matrix theory and linear algebra. Emphasis is given to topics that will be useful
in other disciplines, including systems of equations, vector spaces, determinants, eigenvalues, similarity,
and positive definite matrices."

Linear Algebra
Free for downloading, this 449 page textbook by Jim Hefferon (Saint Michael's College, Vermont),
covers the material of a first undergraduate Linear Algebra course - linear systems and Gauss' method,
vector spaces, linear maps and matrices, determinants, and eigenvectors and eigenvalues. It comes with a
further 427 pages of answers to exercises and can be used as either a main text, a supplement to another
text, or for independent study. There's also very useful advice for the self-learner concerning pace and
topics.

"What makes it different? The approach is developmental. Although the presentation is focused on
covering the requisite material by proving things, it does not start with an assumption that students are
already able at abstract work. Instead, it proceeds with a great deal of motivation, many computational
examples and exercises that range from routine verifications to (a few) challenges. The goal is, in the
context of developing the usual material of an undergraduate linear algebra course, to help raise the level
of mathematical maturity of the class."

A First Course in Linear Algebra

And yet another free textbook - "Come for the price, stay for the quality", licensed with a GNU Free
Documentation License (GFDL), over 900 pages by Robert A. Beezer, (University of Puget Sound,
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Tacoma).

" ..... an introductory textbook aimed at college-level sophomores and juniors. Typically such a student
will have taken calculus, but this is not a prerequisite. The book begins with systems of linear equations,
then covers matrix algebra, before taking up finite-dimensional vector spaces in full generality. The final
chapter covers matrix representations of linear transformations, through diagonalization, change of basis
and Jordan canonical form. Along the way, determinants and eigenvalues get fair time. PDF versions are
available to download for printing or on-screen viewing, two online versions are available, and physical
copies may be purchased ..... "

Abstract Algebra: Theory and Applications

By Tom Judson (Stephen F. Austin State University, Texas) - "Everything you wanted to know about
abstract algebra, but were afraid to buy" with technical assistance from Rob Beezer and distribution
facilities provided by the University of Puget Sound. Over 400 pages, this open source textbook is:

" ..... designed to teach the principles and theory of abstract algebra to college juniors and seniors in a
rigorous manner. Its strengths include a wide range of exercises, both computational and theoretical, plus
many nontrivial applications. The first half of the book presents group theory, through the Sylow
theorems, with enough material for a semester-long course. The second-half is suitable for a second
semester and presents rings, integral domains, Boolean algebras, vector spaces, and fields, concluding
with Galois Theory."

8. Calculus and Analysis

Single Variable Calculus

An introductory calculus course from MIT OpenCourseWare by David Jerison, covering differentiation
and integration of functions of one variable, with applications. There are also readings, lecture notes,
assignments, practice exams with solutions and links to a large number of interactive Java applets such as:
Operations on functions; Trigonometric functions; Slope of a line; Derivative and tangent line; Constant,
linear, quadratic and cubic approximations; Numerical integration; Polar plotter; Curves in two
dimensions.

Video Lectures for Single-variable Calculus

Over 50 short videos by Selwyn Hollis (University of Houston) on basic calculus topics - the first 5 have
the titles: Limits and Graphs (11 minutes), Calculation of Limits (17 minutes), Trigonometric Limits (17
minutes), Continuity (19.5 minutes), The Derivative (18.5 minutes). View using Apple's QuickTime 7
player or stream to an iPhone or iPod Touch. These are not videoed lectures taken in a lecture room but a
very effective mix of graphics (equations, graphs etc) with audio.

Calculus Lecture Notes

These notes by S. Tryphonas and P. Hill (University of Toronto, Scarborough) are in fact problem sets,
old tests and exams - hundreds of them and some with solutions.
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Calculus
Textbook by Gilbert Strang, made available by MIT OpenCourseWare and covering single and
multivariable calculus in depth - and rich with applications. There are also answers to odd-numbered
problems, a table of integrals, an instructor's manual and a student study guide with model problems with
complete solutions, extra drill problems, read-through questions from the text with the blanks filled in and
solutions to selected even-numbered problems in each section. The book (more than 600 pages) can be
downloaded as a single PDF file but individual chapters are also available.

Chapter headings are: Introduction to Calculus, Derivatives, Applications of the Derivative, The Chain
Rule, Integrals, Exponentials and Logarithms, Techniques of Integration, Applications of the Integral,
Polar Coordinates and Complex Numbers, Infinite Series, Vectors and Matrices, Motion along a Curve,
Partial Derivatives, Multiple Integrals, Vector Calculus, Mathematics after Calculus

Multivariable Calculus
This course by Denis Auroux from MIT OpenCourseWare covers vector and multi-variable calculus.
Topics include vectors and matrices, partial derivatives, double and triple integrals, and vector calculus in
2 and 3-space. It comes with notes, assignments and practice exams. There are also interactive math
applets ("mathlets"), to visualize and experiment with various concepts.

Vector Calculus
A text on elementary multivariable calculus by Michael Corral (Schoolcraft College, Michigan),
designed for students who have completed courses in single-variable calculus. It covers basic vector
algebra (lines, planes and surfaces), vector-valued functions, functions of 2 or 3 variables, partial
derivatives, optimization, multiple integrals and line and surface integrals. There is also a discussion of
numerical methods and a section dealing with applications to probability. Over 400 exercises are included
with solutions to some.

Wolfram MathWorld
Calculus and Analysis: Calculus, Functional Analysis, Norms, Calculus of Variations, Functions,
Operator Theory, Catastrophe Theory, General Analysis, Polynomials, Complex Analysis, Generalized
Functions, Roots, Differential Equations, Harmonic Analysis, Series, Differential Forms, Inequalities,
Singularities, Differential Geometry, Integral Transforms, Special Functions, Dynamical Systems,
Manifolds, Fixed Points, Measure Theory

Interactive Real Analysis

An online, interactive textbook for Real Analysis or Advanced Calculus in one real variable by Bert G.
Wachsmuth (Seton Hall University). Topics include sets, sequences, series, continuity, differentiability,
integrability (Riemann and Lebesgue), topology and power series and Java applets illustrate or
experiment with concepts introduced in the text. View the structure of the hypertext book and its main
dependencies from the site overview.
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A Problem Text in Advanced Calculus, A Companion to Real Analysis

John M. Erdman (Portland State University, Oregon) offers 2 online textbooks. A Problem Text " ..... is
intended for students of mathematics and others who have completed (or nearly completed) a standard
introductory calculus sequence and who wish to understand where all those rules and formulas come
from."

Companion to Real Analysis was "..... written for a year long course in real analysis for seniors and first
year graduate students".

Complex Analysis
An 11 chapter online introductory text by George Cain (Georgia Institute of Technology). Chapter
headings are: Complex Numbers; Complex Functions; Elementary Functions; Integration; Cauchy's
Theorem; More Integration; Harmonic Functions; Series, Taylor and Laurent Series; Poles, Residues and
All That; Argument Principle.

Differential Equations
This course by Arthur Mattuck and Haynes Miller from MIT OpenCourseWare also comes with notes,
assignments, practice exams and interactive math applets.

"Differential Equations are the language in which the laws of nature are expressed. Understanding
properties of solutions of differential equations is fundamental to much of contemporary science and
engineering."

"Topics include: Solution of first-order ODE's by analytical, graphical and numerical methods; Linear
ODE's, especially second order with constant coefficients;

Undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters; Sinusoidal and exponential signals: oscillations,
damping, resonance; Complex numbers and exponentials; Fourier series, periodic solutions; Delta
functions, convolution, and Laplace transform methods; Matrix and first order linear systems: eigenvalues
and eigenvectors; and Non-linear autonomous systems: critical point analysis and phase plane diagrams."

9. Probability and Statistics

Statistics
From Carnegie Mellon's Open Learning Initiative (OLI), introducing the basic concepts, logic and
issues involved in statistical reasoning and includes all expository text, simulations, case studies,
comprehension tests, interactive learning exercises. You can use one of 3 versions (eg Microsoft Excel) to
facilitate the activities.

"This course includes self-guiding materials and activities, and is ideal for independent learners, or
instructors trying out this course package."

Topics include Exploratory Data Analysis, Producing Data and Study Design, Probability and Statistical
Inference.
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Online Statistics: An Interactive Multimedia Course of Study

An introductory-level statistics book (Rice University, University of Houston), presented both as a
standard textbook and as a multimedia presentation featuring interactive demonstrations and simulations,
case studies and an analysis lab.

Topics covered include Graphing Distributions, Summarizing Distributions, Describing Bivariate Data,
Probability, Normal Distributions, Sampling Distributions, Estimation, Logic of Hypothesis, Testing,
Testing Means, Power, Prediction, ANOVA, Chi Square, Case Studies, Calculators

The following videos are just 2 of over 180 by Daniel Judge at East Los Angeles College

Statistics
Gathering Data and Organzing Data (Frequency/ Relative Frequency Tables).

Basic Probability
Multimedia presentation includes, sets, subsets, cardinality, experiment, sample space, event, and
definition of probability.

"DAM! this guy is so good. i hate math but this guy is making me love it in these videos." - comment on
YouTube by satisfied learner.

Collaborative Statistics
Written by Barbara Illowsky and Susan Dean, faculty members at De Anza College in California, this is
essentially a textbook developed over several years in Connexions, the online open access educational
resource. It's intended for learners whose main field of interest is not maths or engineering. Intermediate
algebra is the only prerequisite and the focus is on applications of statistical knowledge rather than the
theory behind it. There are also 3 problem sets, a teacher's guide and video lectures.

The main headings are: Sampling and Data, Descriptive Statistics, Probability Topics, Discrete Random
Variables, Continuous Random Variables, The Normal Distribution, The Central Limit Theorem,
Confidence Intervals, Hypothesis Testing, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Regression and Correlation, F
Distribution and ANOVA.

Introduction to Probability and Statistics

MIT OpenCourseWare by Dmitry Panchenko with lecture notes, assignments (from a recommended
textbook) and practice tests.

"This course provides an elementary introduction to probability and statistics with applications. Topics
include: basic probability models; combinatorics; random variables; discrete and continuous probability
distributions; statistical estimation and testing; confidence intervals; and an introduction to linear
regression."
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Probabilistic Systems Analysis and Applied Probability

By Munther Dahleh, this is another solid contribution from MIT OpenCourseWare with readings,
lecture notes, recitations, assignments and exams with solutions. There are also simulation files and Java
applets used to reinforce the probability concepts and a section on related resources with links to the full
text of A W Drake's classic textbook, "The Fundamentals of Applied Probability Theory".

Topics covered include: formulation and solution in sample space, random variables, transform
techniques, simple random processes and their probability distributions, Markov processes, limit
theorems and elements of statistical inference.

Introduction to Probability

Now freely redistributable this introductory

text of over 300 pages by Charles M Grinstead Chapter headings:
(Swarthmore College) and J Laurie Snell
(Dartmouth College) is published by the 1. Discrete Probability Distributions
American Mathematical Society. 2. Continuous Probability Densities
3. Combinatorics
Computer simulation of experiments is 4. Conditional Probability
emphasized and there is a set of programs to 5. Distributions and Densities
go with the book. The answers to the odd- 6. Expected Value and Variance
numbered problems are also available. 7. Sums of Random Variables
8. Law of Large Numbers

Theory of Probability
This graduate level course by Dmitry Panchenko comes from MIT OpenCourseWare with full notes
and 4 problem sets.

" ..... covers the laws of large numbers and central limit theorems for sums of independent random
variables. It also analyzes topics such as the conditioning and martingales, the Brownian motion and the
elements of diffusion theory."

10. Maths Support

Learning greatly benefits from interaction with other people whether experts in the field, learners at
the same stage as yourself or anyone else interested enough to share their learning experiences. They
can all play a part in accelerating your learning process and making it more enjoyable. Most of the
online maths support provided by the websites below is freely available.

PlanetMath - Math for the people, by the people

A vibrant mathematical community with 5 "General Questions" forums catering for all academic levels
from High School to Research. About 4000 questions have been asked in the University/Tertiary forum
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since 2002 - many have been answered, sometimes provoking lengthy discussions.

"PlanetMath is a virtual community which aims to help make mathematical knowledge more accessible.
PlanetMath's content is created collaboratively: the main feature is the mathematics encyclopedia with
entries written and reviewed by members. The entries are contributed under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License (FDL) in order to preserve the rights of both the authors and readers in a sensible
way."

Mathematics and Statistics forum

From the Open University's OpenLearn LearningSpace, this is a brave attempt to establish an open
and free maths forum where anyone can ask or answer questions. Unfortunately, many questions remain
unanswered but there are a moderate number of contributors and some interesting discussions so please
consider contributing!

"This is the place to discuss issues around the range and type of educational resources within the
Mathematics and Statistics section of the LearningSpace. Anyone who's logged in can post to this forum."

MathNerds
A non-profit corporation run by unpaid volunteers providing a free service with hints, direction,
references, or guidance (not necessarily answers) in many areas of mathematics. About 100 active
volunteers respond to about 1500 questions a month with a remarkable 97% of all questions answered
within 16 hours! You do have to register to submit questions and access the archives but this is
straightforward. Many of the questions are from kids struggling with homework but it's still an excellent
resource for the basics including some college level material.

The Math Forum

Drexel University's online resource for improving math learning, teaching and communication, offering
problems and puzzles, online mentoring, research, team problem solving, collaborations and professional
development. This is a more commercially orientated site so not everything is freely available but Ask
Dr. Math does have a College Level Archive that you can freely browse questions and answers on:

Algorithms, Algebra, Analysis, Calculus, Definitions, Discrete Maths, Exponents, Geometry,

Imaginary/Complex Numbers, Logic/Set Theory, Number Theory, Physics, Probability, Statistics,
Trigonometry.

11. Maths Reference

Open content including textbooks - and how to find it.

Finding information in mathematics and statistics (Open University)

A detailed guide by the Open University:

"This unit will help you to identify and use information in maths and statistics, whether for your work,
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study or personal purposes. Experiment with some of the key resources in this subject area, and learn
about the skills which will enable you to plan searches for information, so you can find what you are
looking for more easily. Discover the meaning of information quality, and learn how to evaluate the
information you come across. You will also be introduced to the many different ways of organising your
own information, and learn how to reference it properly in your work. Finally, discover how to keep up to
date with the latest developments in your area of interest by using tools such as RSS and mailing lists."

Maths Open Courseware Finder and Resources (iBerry)

Select all Maths OCW items in the Open Courseware Directory or choose items with particular
properties - eg list items classed as "advanced" or with video material. For more complex selections use
the Category Browser.

Mathematics - Resource Page - links to information and directory sites, focusing on significant and up-
to-date portals providing links to specialized mathematical topics.

OER Recommender - maths search

Try OER Recommender using the search terms "maths, mathematics".

Links to Listings of Open-Content Mathematics Textbooks

Online Mathematics Textbooks - George Cain's Place - School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Wikibooks:Mathematics bookshelf - from Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection

FreeTechBooks - Mathematics - freely available books hosted on websites that belong to the authors or
the publishers

Textbooks in Mathematics - links to useful mathematical textbooks available for free on the Internet, all
legal and maintained by their authors or by the legitimate publisher

Free Online Textbooks, Lecture Notes, Tutorials, and Videos on Mathematics (New York
University) - General Mathematics; Abstract Algebra; Analysis; Numerical Analysis; Calculus;
Differential Equations; Geometry; Graph Theory; Linear Algebra & Matrices; Number Theory;
Operations Research

AMS Books Online - Links to Mathematics Books Online

Google Directory - Math > Publications > Online Texts

dmoz Open Directory Project - Math: Publications: Online Texts

books.pspxworld.com - Free Online Mathematics Books

Open Library - keyword "mathematics"