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GREEK CIVILIZATION

GEOGRAPHY Mountainous Peninsula Surrounded by bodies of water East- Aegean Sea West- Ionian Sea South- Mediterranean Sea Minoan Civilization Found in the island of Crete Was ruled by King Minos

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Minoans were great trading power in the Eastern Mediterranean Downfall Invaded by the Mycenaean Natural Disaster Mycenaean Invaded by the Achaeans and Indo Europeans Absorb Minoans achievements in terms of architecture, art, and language. Downfall of the Mycenaean Battle of Troy Invasion of Dorian resulting to the destruction of the Mycenaean Dark age of Greece Dark Age of Greece Major settlements abandoned People learned to write again 1st Olympic competition GREEK CITY STATES Independent and having their own government Each city states are unique terms of their lifestyle Similarities of the city states All speak the same language and believed in the same god and goddesses They help each other in times of war Ancient Greeks are loyal to their city states Sparta Located in the southern part of the Greek peninsula

Military state Origin of Sparta Began with the invasion of the Dorians They settled in Sparta and enslaved the local people (Helots). Spartan Life Rigorous life that is centered in self-denial and military discipline Fighting and protecting the state. Soldiers are trained to survive in any environment. Spartan Women Shows absolute obedience to their father or husband Participate in group exercise, military drills and gymnastics Government Monarchy Composed of 28 council members Ephors-Overseers Discouraged new ideas and forbade travel outside Sparta Prohibit the use of coined money Education Military Training Read and write (only for boys) Discussions were discouraged Social Hierarchy Spartiate (Nobility) Perioci (Free Men) Helots (Slaves) ATHENS Social Hierarchy Citizens o Having Athenian Parents o Aristocrats, Middle Class, Merchants, artisans, Craftsmen, farmers Metics o Foreign residents o No political rights Slaves o Barbarian Countries

o Prisoners of war, kidnapped and abandoned children, descendants of slaves o Considered as a possession of someone but well treated o No rights to anything in Athens Government Limited Democracy Athenian Life Allowed political freedom to its citizens Military service only during times of war People have choices Welcomes foreigners Women were not allowed to participate in political affairs. Changes in Democracy Draco o Brought democratic reforms o Laws were organized, written down, and put into code o Equal treatment in society o People have knowledge about law Solon o Lessen the punishment for criminals and slaves o Made economic and social reformer (pro poor) Cancelled all debts Free the slaves Freemen were given the right to vote Cleisthenes o Recognized the social and military tribes o Broke the power of wealthy families o Changed the old system of government o Introduced OSTRACISM- the practice of expelling an unpopular person by voting o Citizenship were offered to many people Pericles o Peak of Athenian democracy o Education prepared young ma for citizenship o Curiosity and discussions were encouraged o Students learned grammar, music, and rhetoric

o Balance of well trained mind and body o Public discussions were prevalent

The Greco-Persian War

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7/1/2013 4:44:00 PM

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