Sprinklers in Healthcare

23rd September 2009 Ian James G I Fire E

Hafod y Hendre Builth Wells

Objectives
2

Objectives
Background The Truths and the Myths Legislative Position Facts of Sprinkler Systems Firecode Trade-Offs Considerations & Benefits of Sprinklers in Healthcare Cost Exercise Conclusion
3

Background
4

Background
Sprinklers have a proven track record for minimising fire losses in buildings ( in 2007, 2 million sprinklers were installed in the UK) however, they are seldom specified in hospitals The reasons: Expense No requirement Lack of understanding Sprinkler Systems in Healthcare Premises Guidance Note (WHEN(09)04) published to enable informed decisions and dispel the myths. 5

The Truths and the Myths

6

The Truths and the Myths

It is a myth that all sprinkler heads will operate simultaneously throughout the building

BRE Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems A good practice guide Corinne Williams

The Truths and the Myths

Losses from fires in buildings protected by sprinklers are estimated to be 1/10th of those in unprotected buildings
Source: European statistics over 10 year period

In buildings fully protected by sprinklers: 99% of fires were controlled by sprinklers alone 60% of fires were controlled by the spray from no more than 4 sprinklers
Source: European statistics over 10 year period

There have been no recorded cases of Legionella being contracted from any fire protection system in the world.
Source: BASA BIF No6 Nov 2005

The Truths and the Myths

Discharge due to manufacturers defects is 1 in 14,000,000 (per year of service)
Source: FM (USA) and Loss Prevention Council (UK) statistics

Accidental discharge of water from all causes is 1 in 500,000 (per year of service).
Source: FM (USA) and Loss Prevention Council (UK) statistics

Legislation
10

Legislative Position
There are no statutory requirements for sprinklers to be provided in hospitals Firecode does not require sprinklers, with the exception of high rise buildings (in excess of 30m) and in certain commercial enterprises contained within hospitals Although the design team is expected to consider the advantages that might be gained by installing life-safety sprinklers throughout the building HTM05/02 Para 6.94 The RR(FS)O does not require the inclusion of sprinklers in healthcare premises.
11

Future Legislative Position?

National Assembly recognises the potential benefits that sprinklers can have on life safety and property protection: Legislative Competence Order No 7 (LCO) aims to introduce a requirement that sprinkler systems be installed in new residential / domestic premises Wales Arson Reduction Strategy (2007) reduce the cost to society of fires in public buildings, noting that actions to increase the use of sprinklers in public buildings (which includes those of the NHS) should be explored with incentives introduced to encourage their use.
12

Sprinkler Standards
Sprinklers in healthcare premises should be installed in accordance with BS EN 12845 Fixed fire fighting systems Automatic sprinkler systems - Design, installation and maintenance Alternatively, subject to the type of building being considered, a BS 9251:2005 Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic occupancies system may be specified i.e. for staff residences or residential homes.

13

Overview of Sprinkler Systems

14

How do Sprinklers Extinguish/Control Fire?

Suppress and control the fire Wet surrounding combustible materials Wet surfaces to cool the building structure Cool smoky gases Reduce the likelihood of flashover
15

Facts of Sprinkler Operation

Sprinkler heads are heat activated valves Generally operate at 30oc above the highest anticipated ambient temperature, normally being 68oc Operating temperatures are indicated by colour coding

Glass bulb coding

Only the head(s) that reach their operating temperature will discharge water Sprinklers do not false alarm - they only operate when heated (by fire) Sprinklers respond quicker than the FRS therefore a smaller fire to extinguish and less water discharge
16

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Wet Permanently charged with water Dry System charged with compressed air, used where freezing water may be encountered all the year round. When a sprinkler operates, the compressed air is released opening the control valve, allowing water to flow into the pipework and through the open sprinkler Alternate System charged with water in the summer and air in the winter when there is a danger of pipework freezing
17

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Pre-action Based on dry system. Comprises of a standard sprinkler system linked to an independent system of detectors installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. When a detector activates the system opens the control valves, allowing water to flow into the sprinkler pipework in readiness for the first sprinkler to operate upon heat Deluge Designed to bring a large number of open sprayers into action simultaneously in the event of a fire (high hazards areas such as plant or aircraft hangars) Recycling Similar to pre-action, with ability to stop/start flow in response to fire conditions thereby minimising potential water damage. 18

Hazard Classification
Sprinkler systems are designed for specific hazard classes. BS 12845 classes Hospitals as Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Hazard classification determines: water volume and duration pressure and flow requirements maximum area of operation etc Generally water capacity and discharge increases with the higher the classification.
19

Life Safety Systems

Firecode - where sprinklers are installed to satisfy the requirements of Firecode or the Building Regulations, they should be regarded as a life-safety system
HTM05/02 Para 6.98

Life-safety systems are defined in BS 12845 as sprinkler systems forming an integral part of measures required for the protection of life Life safety systems require additional features, including duplicate valve sets and pumps, increased zoning, fast response sprinkler heads (in certain circumstances), and increased monitoring of valves in accordance with BS 12845 Annex F Sprinkler systems are complex and should only be entrusted to 3rd party accredited organisations
20

Firecode Requirements
21

Firecode Trade-Offs

HTM05/02 Para 6.109 states, Where sprinklers are installed, the guidance may be modified subject to a suitable and sufficient risk assessment being undertaken and the information being recorded in the fire safety manual Sprinklers can also be used to compensate for greater design freedom and more open spatial planning, (generally addressed as part of a more detailed fire engineered package of fire precautions)

22

Firecode Trade-Offs
Glazing in Sub-Compartment Walls
No restriction on the size of un-insulated glazing in subcompartment walls where sprinklers are provided, i.e. no limit on the use of 30-minute (integrity only) glazing Insulating glass is significantly more expensive, removing the limitation also allows greater design flexibility
(HTM 05:02 5.295.31)

23

Firecode Trade-Offs
Elements of Structure
Where sprinklers are provided throughout the whole building the periods of fire resistance to elements of structure can be reduced by 30-minutes Limited cost benefit for concrete frame - more significant for steel frame buildings Restrictions on the use of materials of limited combustibility can also be dispensed with if sprinklers are provided.
(HTM 05:02 6.26.4 and 6.11)

24

Firecode Trade-Offs
Compartmentation
In sprinkler protected buildings up to 12m above ground level compartment walls can be reduced from 60-minutes to 30minutes FR Minor cost savings, e.g. a 60-minute fire door could be reduced to 30-minute rating, compartment walls still require fire smoke dampers (linked to the fire alarm system)
(HTM 05:02 6.56.11 & PHE 5.45.11)

25

Firecode Trade-Offs
Fire Hazard Rooms and Areas
Where sprinklers are installed, subject to risk assessment, there is no need to enclose individual fire hazard rooms in 30minute fire-resistance construction Significant cost benefit, especially in facilities providing care for mental health or elderly occupancies, as these bedrooms would traditionally require 30-minute protection.
(HTM 05:02 6.286.34)

26

Firecode Trade-Offs
C C E/ S C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C C E/ S C CB ed Room S ta fW fC C B E/ S S ta fW fC C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room

R P

C CB ed Room

*
C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S

C BB ed Room

C C D40 C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S

N g i ht O bs / St af M f ul t i P ur p ose Rm S W S W

C C E/ S

C C E/ S
3 . 9 m

F D30S

C C D48 R ege n. Ki . t F D30S C C D22 F D30S C C D26 F D30S C C D30 F D30S C C D34 F D30S C C D42 F D30S F D30S F D30S C C D46 C C D47

C C D52 F D30S

C C D56 F D30S

C C D60 F D30S

C C D64 F D30S C B D13 F D30S C B D15 F D30S C B D19 F D30S C B D25 F D30S C B D27 F D30S C B D31 F D30S

C C D54 C C D50 F D30S C C D24 F D30S C C D28 F D30S C C D32 F D30S C C D36 F D30S C C D38 F D30S C C D44 F D30S F D30S

C C D58 F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S

C C D62 F D30S

C C D66 F D30S

C C D68 F D30S C B D17 F D30S C C E/ S N g ih t O bs. C B D21 F D30S C B D23 F D30S C B D29 F D30S

C B ED 01

C C E/ S
C C E/ S C C E/ S 3 . 9 m C C E/ S C C E/ S

C C E/ S

C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S A ssi s e t d Bat h r o om

C O D01 F D60S G ood s I N

C om m o n St r . ( Co d l Room )

C C D87 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room F D30S H O D A ssi s t e d Bat h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom

C C D88 F D30S H O D

C B D46 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room S t a f W C/ S hower H O D C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room F D30S

C i rc u l a t o in

P at . Pr op . St r

C O D03 F D30S

Z on e 10

C O D04 F D30S C C D82 F D30S S u l c i e ( DU) C C D83 F D30S

C B D10 F D30S

S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge

C om m o n. S t r(M S SE, D s i po sabl es e t c) . C C D80 C C D81 C e l a ner s C e l a ner s F D30S

. r L n i e nS t

C B D09 F D30S

S u i te3 (C h a l l e ngi ng B e h a v i o u r)Cour t Y ar d

1 63. 7m

G en . St . r

S u i te 5 (C o n t n i ui ng C a re ) C o u rt Yar d
1 82. 6m

F D30S

S u i te 4 (C o n t n i ui ng C a re ) C o u rt Yar d
1 94. 3 m

C B D34 F D3 0S

A t t e n a r o t u

C O D46 F D30S

Z on e 1
P at . Pr op . St . r L aundr y C C D78 F D30S C C D79 F D30S

Z on e 2

S u l c i e ( DU)

Z on e 3
C B D08 F D30S C B D35 F D30S D n i i ng Room

HOD
S y c n P a n e l

6 0 0 k V A O i l G e n e r a r o t 5 m x 2 ma i d T a n k A x o r p

C C D77 F D30S C C D76 F D30S T e r at m e nt Room

M AN UA L CA LL P O I NT ADJACENT E XT ER NA L DO OR Ds i W C
T a n k R o o m

C C D12 F D30S S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge Dn i i ng Room S er v er y S t/ r S m ok n i g Rm Q ui e t R oom Q ui e t R oom

C C D75 F D30S S t r. /S m o ki ng Rm S er v er y Dn i i ng Room

D s i W C

A RE A SU BJ EC T TO A C C U R A T E S U RVEY OF R E T A I N E D BUILDINGS
Oi l T a n k x A x o r p 5 m 2 ma i d

S r t. /S m o ki ngRm S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge D s i W C

S er v er y

C B D36 F D30S

Ds i W C L n. Cpd. C C D11 F D30S C C D10 F D30S L n. Cpd.

C e l a ner s

P R

L aundr y C B D06 F D30S

C B D42 F D60S W ar d M a na ge r s O . f

M ul ti p ur p ose/ T a r i ni n g Rm

M ul ti T her apy

Q ui e t R oom

Z on e 11

C O D48 F D30S C C D86 F D30S H OD H O D C C D18 F D30S C C D17 F D30S C C D15 F D30S C C D13 F D30S

W ar d M a nager C C D73 Cr i c ul a t o in C C D74 F D30S F D30S C C D72 F D30S C C D71 F D30S C C D89 F D30S H OD C B D05 F D30S

S W Ds i W C D s i W C

C B D43 C C D09 O UT ( ut l it i y) F D30S S t a fK t i . Di nn ig C r i c ul a t o in F D30S C C D08 D s i W C D s i W C C B D44 F D30S C B D03 F D30S C B D04 C B D41 F D30S F D30S C r i c ul a t o in V ol u nt a r y Sec t or Of c i fe C C D05 C C D06 F D30S M al e St af f Chang. C O D07 F D30S S ta fW fC S ta fW fC C C D03 F D30S C C D04 C O D15 F D30S C O D16 F D30S C C D01 F D30S F D30S Lobby C C D02 F D30S C O D23 C B D01 F D30S C B D02 F D30S C O D47 F D30S F em a e l St a f Cha ng. M ul ti T her apy T e r at m e nt Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) IN u ( t ii lt y)
F x i e d l a d d r e p o s t i o n

F D30S C B D40 F D30S C B D39 F D30S C B D47 F D30S H OD

C O D06 F D30S

M ee t i ng / M H & T i r bunal Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) O UT ( ut l it i y)

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P at . Pr op . St or e

C C D07 F D30S W C - Fe m a e l V s it i or s

C C D4 7/ A WC -M a e l V s i t i or s F D30S

C B D45 F D30S

Te l.
1 . 7 m

C O D05 F D30S

C O ED 02

P LA NT ( Bo e l ir )

C or r d o ir

Z on e 6
C O D26 F D30S

C O D08 F D30S H ub Room C O D13 F D30S C O D14 F D30S

Z on e 8

C O D22 F D30S

Z on e 7
R U D03 F D30S R U D04 F D30S IN u ( t ii lt y)

F D30S R U D02 F D30S

C or r i dor

R P

R UB ed Room

R UB ed Room

R UB ed Room S t r/ .S m o ki ngRm

R U D15 F D30S

R U D16 F D30S

S t r. /S m o ki ngRm

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A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom

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R UB ed Room

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R U D64 Q ui e t R oom A ssi s t ed Bat h r o om F D30S S u l c i e ( DU) L aundr y R U D19 F D30S

R U D22 R U E/ S

WC R U E/ S R U E/ S R U E/ S

R U D17 F D30S

R U D18 F D30S

WC R U D25 F D30S R U D21

R U E/ S

R U E/ S

R U D54 F D30S

R U D56 F D30S R U D58 C r i c ul a t o in F D30S

R U D61 R U D71 F D30S

R U D60 F D30S H O D R U D75 F D30S R U D40 F D30S R U D39 F D30S R U D23 F D30S H O D

R U D26

F D30S

R U D28 F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in

*
R U D52 F D30S

Z on e 4
R U D48

F D30S

Z on e 5
R U D35 F D30S R U D37 R U D34 F D30S F D30S

F D30S

*
R U D30 F D30S

R U D45 R U D50 F D30S F D30S

R U D44 F D30S S W R U E/ S N g i ht O bs / .S t a fM ul t i p ur p o seRm

R U D32 F D30S

S W

R U E/ S

R U E/ S R U D49 F D30S

F D30S R U D47 F D30S

R U D36 R U E/ S F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S S ta fW fC

S ta fW fC

S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room S er v er y D n i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge

R P

FAP

I/F

Z on e 9
C e l a ner s C O D10 F D30S

R U D01 F D30S

IN u ( i ti lt y) R U D05

Go r up The r apy

C O D45 F D30S

M ed . Re co r d s St . r

M ed . Re co r d s Of . f

Ofc ie

O fc ie

Ofc ie

O fc ie

O fc ie Cr i c ul a t o in

R U D07 F D30S C r i c ul a t o in T e r at m e nt R m ( C hi r o pody/ d ent al / ot her ) C af e Ar ea

F D30S O UT ( ut l it i y) I nt e r v i ew Room R ec r e at o i n Rm ( Rehab. K t i. ) Go r up The r a py

S er v i ceE nt y r C O D09 F D30S

R U D06 F D30S R U D08 F D30S R U D09 F D30S

C O D39 -

T her apy Ad m n i . Of .

C O D44 F D30S

W ai t i ng Ar ea W ar d M a na ge r s O . f

C O D36 R U D10 F D30S R U D11 F D30S P ost Ro om / Ph ot o copy F D30S

T e r at m e nt Room

S u i t e 1 (R ehab) C o u rt Yar d
2 16. 8 m

S u i te 2 (R ehab) C o u rt Yar d
2 13. 3 m

C O D37 F D30S

R U D13 F D30S

R U D14 F D30S C e l a ner s C e l a ner s Z O N E N I TE RF AC ES F O R SM O KE D AM PE R PANEL

R e c e p ti o n / Admi n.
3 1. 5 m

D ra u g h t Lobby
I/F
1 3. 6 m

P at . Pr op . St . r

L n i e nS t . r

R U D66 -

27

Firecode Trade-Offs
C C E/ S C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C C E/ S C CB ed Room S ta fW fC C B E/ S S ta fW fC C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room

P R

C CB ed Room C C E/ S

*
C C E/ S C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S

C BB ed Room

C C E/ S

C C E/ S

C C E/ S

C C D40 F D30S S W

Ng i ht O bs / St af M f ul t i P ur p ose Rm S W

C C E/ S

C C E/ S
3 . 9 m

C C D48 R ege n. Ki t . F D30S C C D22 F D30S C C D26 F D30S C C D30 F D30S C C D34 F D30S C C D42 F D30S C C D46 C C D47 F D30S F D30S

C C D52 F D30S

C C D56 F D30S

C C D60 F D30S

C C D64 F D30S C B D13 F D30S C B D15 F D30S C B D19 F D30S C B D25 F D30S C B D27 F D30S C B D31 F D30S

C C D54 C C D50 C C D24 F D30S C C D28 F D30S C C D32 F D30S C C D36 C C D38 F D30S F D30S F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C D44 F D30S F D30S

C C D58 F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S

C C D62 F D30S

C C D66 F D30S

C C D68 F D30S C B D17 F D30S C C E/ S Ng ih t O bs. C B D21 F D30S C B D23 F D30S C B D29 F D30S

C B ED 0 1

C C E/ S
C C E/ S C C E/ S 3 . 9 m

C B E/ S

C B E/ S

C B E/ S

C B E/ S A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom

C O D01 C om m o n St . r ( Co d l Room ) G ood s I N F D60S C C D87 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room F D30S HO D A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom C C D88 F D30S H OD C B D46 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room S t a f W C/ S hower H OD C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room F D30S

C i rc u l a t o in

P at . Pr op . St r

C O D03 F D30S

Z on e 10

C O D04 F D30S C C D82 F D30S

C B D10 S u l c i e ( DU) C C D83 F D30S C B D09 F D30S

S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge

C om m o n. S t r(M S SE, Ds i po sabl es e t c. ) C C D80 C C D81 Ce l a ner s Ce l a ner s F D30S

L n i e nS t . r

F D30S

S u ite 3 (C h a l l e n gi n g B e h a v i o u r) Co ur t Y ar d
1 63. 7m

G en . St . r

S u i te 5 (C o n t n iu n ig C a re ) C o u rt Ya r d
1 82. 6m

F D30S

S u i te 4 (C o n t n iu n ig C a re ) C o u rt Ya r d
1 94. 3m

C B D3 4 F D3 0S

E XI ST N I G FI RE A LA RM I N PL ANTRO O M A ND T AN K RO OM T O BE R EPLACED WT I H NE W AD DR ES SA BL E EQ UI PM ENT. E XI ST N I GW I RI NG T O BE R E- USED W HE RE P OS SI BL E. A LL R EDUNDANT E Q UI P M E NT T O BE R EM O VED.

S y n c P a n e l

A t t e n a r o t u

C O D46 F D30S

Z on e 1
P at . Pr op . St . r L aundr y C C D78 F D30S C C D79 F D30S

Z on e 2

S u l c i e ( DU)

Z on e 3
C B D08 F D30S C B D35 F D30S Dn i i ng Room

HOD

6 0 0 k V A Oi l Ge n e r a r o t 5 m x 2 ma i d T a n k x o r p A

C C D77 C C D76 F D30S F D30S T e r at m e nt Room

M AN UA L CA LL P OI NT ADJACENT E XT ER NA L DO O R Ds i W C
T a k n Ro o m

C C D12 F D30S S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge Dn i i ng Room S er v er y S t/ r S m ok n i g Rm Q ui e t R oom Q ui e t R oom

C C D75 F D30S S r t. /S m o ki ngRm S er v er y Dn i i ng Room

Ds i W C

A RE A SU BJ EC T TO A C C U R A T E S U RVEY OF R E T A I N E D BUILDINGS
Oi l T a n k x A x o r p 5 m 2 ma i d

S r t. /S m o ki ngRm S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge Ds i W C

S er v er y

C B D36 F D30S

Ds i W C L n. Cpd. C C D11 F D30S C C D10 F D30S L n. Cpd.

Ce l a ner s

L aundr y C B D06 F D30S

RP

C B D42 F D60S W ar d M a na ge r s Of . f M ul ti p ur p ose/ T a r i ni n gRm M ul ti T her apy Q ui e t R oom

Z on e 11

C O D48 F D30S C C D86 F D30S H OD H OD C C D18 F D30S C C D17 F D30S C C D15 F D30S C C D13 F D30S

W ar d M a nager C C D73 Cr i c ul a t o in C C D74 F D30S F D30S C C D72 F D30S C C D71 F D30S C C D89 F D30S HO D C B D05 F D30S

S W Ds i W C Ds i W C

C B D43 C B D44 C O D06 F D30S S t a fK t i . Di nn ig Cr i c ul a t o in C C D09 O UT ( ut l it i y) F D30S F D30S C C D08 Ds i W C Ds i W C F D30S C B D03 F D30S C B D04 C B D41 F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in V ol u nt a r y Sec o trO fc i fe C C D05 C C D06 P at . Pr op . St or e C O D07 F D30S S ta fW fC S ta ff W C C C D03 F D30S C C D04 C O D15 F D30S C O D16 F D30S C C D01 F D30S F D30S Lobby C C D02 F D30S C O D23 C B D01 F D30S C B D02 F D30S C O D47 F D30S F D30S M al e St af f Chang. F em a e l St a f Cha ng. M ul ti T her apy T e r at m e nt Rm INu ( t ii lt y) IN u ( t ii lt y)
F x i d e l a d d r e p o s i t o n

F D30S C B D40 F D30S C B D39 F D30S C B D47 F D30S H OD

F D30S

M ee t i ng / M H& T i r bunal Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) O UT ( ut l it i y)

H ub Room

F D30S

C C D07 F D30S W C - Fe m a e l V s it i or s WC -M a e l V s i t i or s

C C D4 7/ A F D30S

C B D45 F D30S

Te l.
1 . 7 m

C O D05 F D30S

C O ED 0 2

P LA NT ( Bo e l ir )

C or r d o ir

Z on e 6
C O D26 F D30S

C O D08 F D30S H ub Room C O D13 F D30S C O D14 F D30S

Z on e 8

C O D22 F D30S

Z on e 7
R U D03 F D30S R U D04 F D30S IN u ( t ii lt y)

F D30S R U D02 F D30S

C or r i dor

RP

R U D15 R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room F D30S S t r. /S m o ki ngRm R U D64 Q ui e t R oom h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat F D30S S u l c i e ( DU) L aundr y

R U D16 F D30S S r t. /S m o ki ngRm R UB ed Room A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom Q ui e t R oom R UB ed Room R UB ed Room

R U D19 F D30S

R U D2 2 R U E/ S WC R U D25 F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S

WC R U E/ S R U E/ S R U E/ S

R U D17 F D30S

R U D18 F D30S

R U D54 F D30S

R U D56 F D30S R U D58 Cr i c ul a t o in F D30S R U D71

R U D61 F D30S

R U D60 F D30S H OD R U D75 R U D40 F D30S F D30S R U D39 F D30S R U D23 F D30S H OD

R U D21 F D30S

R U D28 R U D26 F D30S

*
R U D52 F D30S

Z on e 4
R U D48 F D30S

F D30S

Z on e 5
R U D35 F D30S R U D34 F D30S

F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in

*
R U D30 F D30S

R U D45 R U D50 F D30S F D30S

R U D44 F D30S S W R U E/ S Ng i ht O bs . /S t a fM ul t i p ur po seRm S W

R U D32 F D30S

R U D37 F D30S

R U E/ S

R U E/ S R U D49 F D30S

R U D47 F D30S S ta fW fC

R U D36 R U E/ S S ta fW fC F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S

S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge

P R

FAP

I/F

Z on e 9
s Ce l a ner C O D10 F D30S

R U D01 F D30S

IN u ( t ii lt y) R U D05

Go r up The r apy

C O D45 F D30S

M ed . Re co r d s St . r

M ed . Re co r d sO . f

O fc ie

O fc ie

Ofc ie

O fc ie

Ofc ie Cr i c ul a t o in

R U D07 F D30S O UT ( ut l it i y) R U D06 F D30S R U D08 F D30S R U D09 F D30S F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in I nt e r v i ew Room R ec r e at o i n Rm ( Rehab. K t i. ) Go r up The r apy T e r at m e nt R m C ( hi r opody/ d ent al / ot her ) C af e Ar ea

S er v i ceE nt y r C O D09 F D30S

C O D39 -

T her apy Ad m n i . Of .

C O D44 F D30S

W ai t i ng Ar ea W ar d M a na ge r s O . f

R U D10 F D30S

R U D11 F D30S

P ost Ro om / Ph ot ocopy

C O D36 F D30S

T e r at m e nt Room

S u i te 1 (R e ha b ) C o u rt Yar d
2 16. 8m

S u i t e 2 (R e ha b) C o u rt Ya r d
2 13. 3m

C O D37 F D30S

R U D14 R U D13 F D30S F D30S Ce l a ner s Ce l a ner s Z O NE N I TE RF AC ES F O R SM O KE D AM PE R PANEL

R e c e p t i o n / Ad mi n.
3 1. 5 m

D ra u g h t L ob by
I/F
1 3. 6 m

P at . Pr op . St . r

L n i e nS t . r

28

R U D66 -

Firecode Trade-Offs

External Fire Spread Space separation distances between buildings or facing compartments can be halved if sprinklers are provided External envelope protection requirements for re-entrant angle protection can be relaxed if sprinklers are provided
(HTM 05:02 6.636.76)

29

Firecode Trade-Offs

Number and Location of Fire-Fighting Shafts Potential reduction in the number / location of fire fighting shafts if sprinklers are provided.
(HTM 05:02 7.197.20)

30

Considerations
31

Responsibility & Maintenance

Systems are reliable - It is generally accepted that correctly specified and installed systems may not require any major modification for 30 years RR(FS)O Article 17 requires that the responsible person maintains the general fire precautions for the protection of the relevant persons BS12845 details maintenance/testing requirements (manufacturers recommendations should also be followed) The RP must ensure that regular PPM is undertaken and robust procedures are in place for reactive maintenance Consideration should also be given to fire safety during system shut down/isolation periods. 32

Faults / Accidental & Malicious Damage

Statistically, the likelihood of a sprinkler head activating through manufacturing fault is 1 in 14,000,000 and spuriously from any cause is 1 in 500,000 WHE research confirmed that there has been only one such instance, whereby a sprinkler head in close proximity to a faulty heater outlet activated The risk of accidental damage can be further mitigated with the provision of sprinkler head guards or concealed type sprinkler heads, in areas where heads may be exposed to potential damage All sprinkler systems have an alarm valve - any activation will cause the water flow alarm to operate, thus alerting the occupants. 33

Points of Ligature
It is possible that the body (yoke) of a traditional sprinkler head could be misused as a point of ligature Institutional sprinkler heads could be specified Specifically designed for use in prisons and mental health facilities to remove the risk ligature, whilst also reducing (not eliminating) the potential for tampering
34

Future Flexibility
Hospitals are often considered to be dynamic environments The change of use of individual rooms or ward occupancies is unlikely to result in any significant complications with the sprinkler system Alterations to internal partitions (i.e. removing or erecting new partitions), will require liaison with the sprinkler installation/maintenance contractor to ensure that the alterations do not negate the effectiveness of the installation Where modification of a sprinkler installation becomes necessary, robust procedures will also be required to ensure adequate fire safety during periods of isolation.
35

Cost Exercise
36

Cost Exercise Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan

(YAB) 107 single-bed, two storey hospital being built in Ebbw Vale Ward A comprising 32 single-bedrooms (with en-suites) used for the study Four options were assessed in the cost evaluation: Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Ward A without sprinklers (assuming Elderly Occupancy) Ward A without sprinklers (assuming Medical/Surgical Occupancy) Ward A with sprinklers (including ceiling void suppression) Ward A with sprinklers (without ceiling void suppression)

All options were based on a fully code-compliant HTM05/02 design, except Option 4 which addressed a derogation omitting ceiling void suppression.
37

Cost Exercise Ward A Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan

Ward A (typical first floor plan) 32 single bed/en-suite rooms

Extent of Ward A

38

Cost Exercise Room Layout - Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan

Single bed room layout with en-suite facility

39

Cost Exercise Comparison of Costs

Option 1 without sprinklers (assuming Elderly Occupancy) 2 without sprinklers (assuming Medical/Surgical Occupancy) 3 with sprinklers (including ceiling void suppression) 4 with sprinklers (without ceiling void suppression) Cost of fire precautions * Cost difference compared with Option 4

80,429 1,617 64,681 52,202

28,227 more expensive than Option 4 50,585 less expensive than Option 4 12,479 more expensive than Option 4 0

* The cost of fire precautions relates solely to the features that can be varied through the recognised trade-offs for hazard room enclosures if sprinklers are provided Excludes costs for the fire precautions that are common to all four options, eg the escape lighting, AFD, signage or extinguishers, these features are required regardless of the provision of sprinklers or not.
40

Cost Exercise Option 1 - Without sprinklers (assuming Elderly Occupancy)

Extract Supply

32 x 30minute fire walls/doors 32 x Glazing 2.5m2 @ 650/m2 71 x Dampers to Mech Vent.

Damper

Area of glazing Approx 2.5m2

41

Cost Exercise Summary

Sprinklers are not necessarily more expensive to install Exercise only focussed on hazard rooms, proves YAB would have cost over 100,000 more WITHOUT sprinklers Sprinklers at YAB equate to approx 30/m2 Further research required to address: Full costing appraisal addressing all recognised trade-offs Life cycle costing Cost impact following a fire.
42

Conclusion
43

Conclusion
It is extremely important that decisions concerning fire safety in healthcare premises should be well informed so an objective overview of the key issues should be considered when evaluating the merits of sprinkler systems for particular projects WHEN(09)04 calls out for Trusts and their appointed design teams to fully consider all of the implications and potential benefits offered by sprinkler systems in the design of healthcare premises through a thorough option appraisal process.
44

Summary
Background The Truths and the Myths Legislative Position Facts of Sprinkler Systems Firecode Trade-Offs Considerations & Benefits of Sprinklers in Healthcare Cost Exercise Conclusion
45