World Diabetes Day

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"WDD" redirects here. For the Dream Theater album, see When Dream and Day Unite.

Logo for World Diabetes Day

World Diabetes Day is the primary global awareness campaign of the diabetes mellitus world and is held on November 14 of each year !t was introduced in 1""1 by the !nternational Diabetes Federation and the World #ealth $rgani%ation in response to the alarming rise of diabetes around the world World Diabetes Day is a campaign that features a new theme chosen by the !nternational Diabetes Federation each year to address issues facing the global diabetes community While the campaigns last the whole year, the day itself marks the birthday of Frederick &anting who, along with 'harles &est, first conceived the idea which led to the discovery of insulin in 1"(( )ach year, World Diabetes Day is centred on a theme related to diabetes *opics covered have included diabetes and human rights, diabetes and lifestyle, diabetes and obesity, diabetes in the disadvantaged and the vulnerable, diabetes in children and adolescents For (--".(-1/, the theme is Diabetes )ducation and 0revention
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ABOUT WORLD DIABETES DAY

World Diabetes Day (WDD) is celebrated every year on November 14. The World Diabetes Day campaign is led by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and its member associations. It engages millions of people and a areness. World Diabetes Day orld ide in diabetes advocacy as created in 1!!1 by the International poses. World Diabetes

Diabetes Federation and the World "ealth #rgani$ation in response to gro ing concerns abo%t the escalating health threat that diabetes no

Day became an official &nited Nations Day in '(() to the diabetes

ith the passage of &nited Nation

*esol%tion +1,''-. The campaign dra s attention to iss%es of paramo%nt importance orld and .eeps diabetes firmly in the p%blic spotlight. theme chosen by the hole year/ the day itself ho/ along

World Diabetes Day is a campaign that feat%res a ne

International Diabetes Federation each year to address iss%es facing the global diabetes comm%nity. While the themed campaigns last the ith 1harles 0est/ first conceived the idea 1!''. Diabetes 2d%cation and 3revention is the World Diabetes Day theme for the period '((!4'(15. Where is it celebrated? World Diabetes Day is celebrated orld ide by the over '(( member associations of ell as by other associations and ith diabetes is celebrated on November 14/ to mar. the birthday of Frederic. 0anting

hich led to the discovery of ins%lin in

the International Diabetes Federation in more than 1+( co%ntries and territories/ all 6ember 7tates of the &nited Nations/ as and their families. How is it marked? The global diabetes comm%nity incl%ding International Diabetes Federation member associations/ diabetes organi$ations/ N8#s/ health departments/ civil society/ individ%als and companies develop an e9tensive range of activities/ tailored to a variety of gro%ps. :ctivities organi$ed each year incl%de; *adio and television programmes 7ports events Free screenings for diabetes and its complications 3%blic information meetings 3oster and leaflet campaigns Diabetes or.shops and e9hibitions 3ress conferences Ne spaper and maga$ine articles 2vents for children and adolescents 6on%ment lightings "%man bl%e circles Wal.s organi$ations/ companies/ healthcare professionals and people living

*%ns 1ycle *ace 3olitical 2vents

Is there a theme? 2ach year World Diabetes Day is centred on a theme related to diabetes. Topics covered in the past have incl%ded diabetes and h%man rights/ diabetes and lifestyle/ and the costs of diabetes. *ecent themes incl%de; '((-; Diabetes and Foot 1are '((+; Diabetes in the Disadvantaged and the <%lnerable '(()4'((=; Diabetes in 1hildren and :dolescents '((!4'(15; Diabetes 2d%cation and 3revention The World Diabetes Da lo!o hich as

The World Diabetes Day logo is the bl%e circle 4 the global symbol for diabetes as developed as part of the &nite for Diabetes a areness campaign. The logo adopted in '(() to mar. the passage of the &nited Nations World Diabetes Day *esol%tion. The significance of the bl%e circle symbol is over helmingly positive.

:cross c%lt%res/ the circle symboli$es life and health. The colo%r bl%e reflects the s.y that %nites all nations and is the colo%r of the &nited Nations flag. The bl%e circle signifies the %nity of the global diabetes comm%nity in response to the diabetes pandemic.

What !s Diabetes1 What 'auses Diabetes1

Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose 2blood sugar3, either because insulin production is inade4uate, or because the body5s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both 0atients with high blood sugar will typically e6perience polyuria 2fre4uent urination3, they will become increasingly thirsty 2polydipsia3 and hungry 2polyphagia3 *here are three types of diabetes7 1) Type 1 Diabetes *he body does not produce insulin 8ome people may refer to this type as insulindependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, or early-onset diabetes 0eople usually develop type 1 diabetes before their 4-th year, often in early adulthood or teenage years

*ype 1 diabetes is nowhere near as common as type ( diabetes 9ppro6imately 1-: of all diabetes cases are type 1 0atients with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin in;ections for the rest of their life *hey must also ensure proper blood<glucose levels by carrying out regular blood tests and following a special diet &etween (--1 and (--", the prevalence of type 1 diabetes among the under (-s in the =89 rose (/:, according to SEARCH or Diabetes in !outh data issued by the 'D' 2'enters for Disease 'ontrol and 0revention3 2Link to article3 2) Type 2 Diabetes *he body does not produce enough insulin for proper function, or the cells in the body do not react to insulin 2insulin resistance3 9ppro6imately "-: of all cases of diabetes worldwide are of this type 8ome people may be able to control their type ( diabetes symptoms by losing weight, following a healthy diet, doing plenty of e6ercise, and monitoring their blood glucose levels #owever, type ( diabetes is typically a progressive disease < it gradually gets worse < and the patient will probably end up have to take insulin, usually in tablet form $verweight and obese people have a much higher risk of developing type ( diabetes compared to those with a healthy body weight 0eople with a lot of visceral fat, also known as central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity, are especially at risk &eing overweight>obese causes the body to release chemicals that can destabili%e the body5s cardiovascular and metabolic systems &eing overweight, physically inactive and eating the wrong foods all contribute to our risk of developing type ( diabetes Drinking ;ust one can of 2non<diet3 soda per day can raise our risk of developing type ( diabetes by ((:, researchers from !mperial 'ollege London reported in the ;ournal Diabetolo"ia *he scientists believe that the impact of sugary soft drinks on diabetes risk may be a direct one, rather than simply an influence on body weight *he risk of developing type ( diabetes is also greater as we get older )6perts are not completely sure why, but say that as we age we tend to put on weight and become less physically active *hose with a close relative who had>had type ( diabetes, people of ?iddle )astern, 9frican, or 8outh 9sian descent also have a higher risk of developing the disease ?en whose testosterone levels are low have been found to have a higher risk of developing type ( diabetes @esearchers from the =niversity of )dinburgh, 8cotland, say that low testosterone levels are linked to insulin resistance 2Link to article3

?easuring the glucose level in blood

3) Gestational Diabetes *his type affects females during pregnancy 8ome women have very high levels of glucose in their blood, and their bodies are unable to produce enough insulin to transport all of the glucose into their cells, resulting in progressively rising levels of glucose Diagnosis of gestational diabetes is made during pregnancy *he ma;ority of gestational diabetes patients can control their diabetes with e6ercise and diet &etween 1-: to (-: of them will need to take some kind of blood<glucose<controlling medications =ndiagnosed or uncontrolled gestational diabetes can raise the risk of complications during childbirth *he baby may be bigger than he>she should be 8cientists from the National !nstitutes of #ealth and #arvard =niversity found that women whose diets before becoming pregnant were high in animal fat and cholesterol had a higher risk for gestational diabetes, compared to their counterparts whose diets were low in cholesterol and animal fats 2Link to article3

What #s $rediabetes%
*he vast ma;ority of patients with type ( diabetes initially had prediabetes *heir blood glucose levels where higher than normal, but not high enough to merit a diabetes diagnosis *he cells in the body are becoming resistant to insulin 8tudies have indicated that even at the prediabetes stage, some damage to the circulatory system and the heart may already have occurred

Diabetes #s A &etabolism Disorder

Diabetes 2diabetes mellitus3 is classed as a metabolism disorder ?etabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth ?ost of what we eat is broken down into glucose Alucose is a form of sugar in the blood < it is the principal source of fuel for our bodies When our food is digested, the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream $ur cells use the glucose for energy and growth #owever, glucose cannot enter our cells without insulin being present < insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose !nsulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas 9fter eating, the pancreas

automatically releases an ade4uate 4uantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, as soon as glucose enters the cells blood<glucose levels drop 9 person with diabetes has a condition in which the 4uantity of glucose in the blood is too elevated 2hyperglycemia3 *his is because the body either does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces *his results in too much glucose building up in the blood *his e6cess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine 8o, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth re4uirements

Ho' To Determine Whether !ou Ha(e Diabetes, $rediabetes or )either

Doctors can determine whether a patient has a normal metabolism, prediabetes or diabetes in one of three different ways < there are three possible tests7

The A1C test < at least B C: means diabetes < between C D: and C "": means prediabetes < less than C D: means normal

The F G !"astin# plasma #lu$ose) test < at least 1(B mg>dl means diabetes < between 1-- mg>dl and 1(C "" mg>dl means prediabetes < less than 1-- mg>dl means normal An abnormal readin" ollo'in" the F$* means the +atient has im+aired astin" "lucose ,#F*-

The %GTT !oral #lu$ose toleran$e test) < at least (-- mg>dl means diabetes < between 14- and 1"" " mg>dl means prediabetes < less than 14- mg>dl means normal An abnormal readin" ollo'in" the .*TT means the +atient has im+aired "lucose tolerance ,#*T-

Why #s #t Called Diabetes &ellitus%

Diabetes comes from Areek, and it means a EsiphonE 9retus the 'appadocian, a Areek physician during the second century 9 D , named the condition diabainein #e described patients who were passing too much water 2polyuria3 < like a siphon *he word became EdiabetesE from the )nglish adoption of the ?edieval Latin diabetes !n 1BDC, *homas Willis added mellitus to the term, although it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes &el in Latin means EhoneyEF the urine and blood of people with diabetes has e6cess glucose, and glucose is sweet like honey Diabetes mellitus could literally mean Esiphoning off sweet waterE

!n ancient 'hina people observed that ants would be attracted to some people5s urine, because it was sweet *he term E8weet =rine DiseaseE was coined

Controllin" Diabetes / Treatment #s E ecti(e And #m+ortant

All types o" diabetes are treatable Diabetes type 1 lasts a lifetime, there is no known cure *ype ( usually lasts a lifetime, however, some people have managed, through a lot of e6ercise, diet and e6cellent body weight control to get rid of their symptoms without medication @esearchers from the ?ayo 'linic 9ri%ona in 8cottsdale showed that gastric bypass surgery can reverse type ( diabetes in a high proportion of patients *hey added that within three to five years the disease recurs in appro6imately (1: of them Gessica @amos, ?D , said E*he recurrence rate was mainly influenced by a longstanding history of *ype ( diabetes before the surgery *his suggests that early surgical intervention in the obese, diabetic population will improve the durability of remission of *ype ( diabetes E 2Link to article3 0atients with type 1 are treated with regular insulin in;ections, as well as a special diet and e6ercise 0atients with *ype ( diabetes are usually treated with tablets, e6ercise and a special diet, but sometimes insulin in;ections are also re4uired !f diabetes is not ade4uately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of developing complications

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Compli$ations lin&ed to badly $ontrolled diabetes'

(ye $ompli$ations < glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and some others Foot $ompli$ations < neuropathy, ulcers, and sometimes gangrene which may re4uire that the foot be amputated

)&in $ompli$ations < people with diabetes are more susceptible to skin infections and skin disorders

*eart problems < such as ischemic heart disease, when the blood supply to the heart muscle is diminished

*ypertension < common in people with diabetes, which can raise the risk of kidney disease, eye problems, heart attack and stroke

+ental health < uncontrolled diabetes raises the risk of suffering from depression, an6iety and some other mental disorders

*earin# loss < diabetes patients have a higher risk of developing hearing problems Gum disease < there is a much higher prevalence of gum disease among diabetes patients

Gastroparesis < the muscles of the stomach stop working properly ,etoa$idosis < a combination of ketosis and acidosisF accumulation of ketone bodies and acidity in the blood

-europathy < diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage which can lead to several different problems

**-) !*yperosmolar *yper#ly$emi$ -on&etoti$ )yndrome) < blood glucose levels shoot up too high, and there are no ketones present in the blood or urine !t is an emergency condition

-ephropathy < uncontrolled blood pressure can lead to kidney disease AD !peripheral arterial disease) < symptoms may include pain in the leg, tingling and sometimes problems walking properly

)tro&e < if blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels are not controlled, the risk of stroke increases significantly

(re$tile dys"un$tion < male impotence .n"e$tions < people with badly controlled diabetes are much more susceptible to infections

*ealin# o" /ounds < cuts and lesions take much longer to heal

USA / 0122 )ational Diabetes Fact Sheet

#ow many 9mericans have diabetes or pre<diabetes1

H C: of the =8 population have diabetes < (C H million children and adults @esearchers from the Iefferson 8chool of 0opulation #ealth 20hiladelphia, 093 published a study which estimates that by (-(C there could be C/ 1 million people with the disease 2Link to article3

1H H million people have been diagnosed with diabetes 9bout D million people with diabetes have not been diagnosed )ven though type ( diabetes rates in the =89 have risen sharply, *imothy Lyons, ?D, who is presently Director of @esearch of the #arold #amm Diabetes 'enter in $klahoma 'ity says that the disease is still not being detected promptly #e added that the lag in diagnosis involves both patients and doctors 2Link to article3

9bout D" million people have pre<diabetes 1 " million people aged (- years or more were newly diagnosed with diabetes in (-1-

(1C,--- 2- (B:3 people younger than (- years have diabetes 9ppro6imately 1 in every 4-- kids and teenagers has diabetes 11 /: of people aged (-J years have diabetesF a total of (C B million individuals (B ": of people aged BCJ years have diabetesF a total of 1- " million people 11 H: of men have diabetesF a total of 1/ million people 1- H: of women have diabetesF a total of 1( B million people

Diabetes #n The United 3in"dom

!n the =nited Kingdom there are about / H million people with diabetes, according to the National #ealth 8ervice Diabetes =K, a charity, believes this number will ;ump to B ( million by (-/C, and the National #ealth 8ervice will be spending as much as 1D: of its health care budget on diabetes by then

Diabetes S+reads #n Southeast Asia

Diabetes is rapidly spreading in 8outheast 9sia as people embrace 9merican fast foods, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries and pi%%a ?ore 'hinese adults who live in 8ingapore are dying of heart disease and developing type ( diabetes than ever before, researchers from the =niversity of ?innesota 8chool of 0ublic #ealth and the National =niversity of 8ingapore reported in the ;ournal Circulation *he authors found that 'hinese adults in 8ingapore who eat 9merican<style ;unk foods twice a week had a CB: greater risk of dying prematurely form heart disease, while their risk of

developing type ( diabetes rose (D:, compared to their counterparts who Enever touched the stuffE *here was a H-: higher likelihood of dying from coronary heart disease for those eating fast foods four times per week 2Link to article3