PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. ISLANDS vs. NATIVIDAD LUAGUE ET AL.

EN BANC
[G.R. No. 43588. November 7, 1935.] THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, plaintiff-appellee, vs. NATIVIDAD LUAGUE and WENCESLAO ALCANSARE , defendants-appellants. Vicente E. Calanog for appellant . Solicitor-General Hilado for appellee. SYLLABUS 1.CR!"!NA# #A$% A&&E"'&E( RA'E% )E#*+(E*EN)E% (E*EN)E ,* -,N,R. . A /0e from t1e r/21t to l/fe on 31/41 re t t1e le2/t/mate 0efen e of o5r per on, 3e 1ave t1e r/21t to propert6 a475/re0 b6 5 , an0 t1e r/21t to 1onor 31/41 / not t1e lea t pr/8e0 of o5r patr/mon6. 91 :/a0a, 17;, 173, 5t1 e0/t/on.< ;.!(.% !(.% !(.% !(. . &1e attempt to rape a 3oman 4on t/t5te an a22re /on 5ff/4/ent to p5t 1er /n a tate b5t be e teeme0 a a r/21t a pre4/o5 , /f not more, t1an 1er ver6 e=/ ten4e% an0 /t / ev/0ent t1at a 3oman 31o, t15 /mper/le0, 3o5n0 , na6 >/ll t1e offen0er, 1o5l0 be affor0e0 e=empt/on from 4r/m/nal l/ab/l/t6 /n4e 541 >/ll/n2 4annot be 4on /0ere0 a 4r/me from t1e moment /t be4ame t1e onl6 mean left for 1er to prote4t 1er 1onor from o 2reat an o5tra2e. 91 :/a0a, 3?1, 5t1 e0/t/on.< 3.!(.% !(.% !(.% !(.% BA)!) ,* &-E 'RE)@"'&!,N) ,* *AC&. . &1e ba / of t1e pre 5mpt/on of fa4t / probab/l/t6. &1e 4o5rt 1ave to 4ontent t1em elve 3/t1 t1e latter 31en tr5t1 / be6on0 t1e/r rea41. !n t1e 4a e at bar, t1e a4t 31/41 one of t1e 3/tne e for t1e pro e45t/on 4la/m to 1ave 0one are o o5t of t1e or0/nar6 4on054t of men a to be 0evo/0 of probab/l/t6. ,44a /onall6, /n0ee0, t1ere are t1o e 31o be1ave tran2el6, b5t t1/ / t1e e=4ept/on an0 not t1e r5le. 4.!(.% !(.% !(.% !(.% !N&EN&!,N ,* A&&A!N!NG AN EN( $!&A(EA@A&E "EAN). . &1e t1eor6 of t1e pro e45t/on t1at t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 an0 1/ 3/fe 1a0 4on p/re0 to >/ll ' / over4ome b6 t1e ver6 fa4t 31/41 t1e pro e45t/on /t elf 1a attempte0 to prove. !f 541 4on p/ra46 1a0 reall6 e=/ te0, t1e a445 e0 po5 e 3o5l0 1ave been f5ll6 prepare0 to 4arr6 /t /nto e=e45t/on, be4ame nat/onal be/n2 0/ffer from t1o e 31o are not /n t1at 31en t1e6 embar> on an6t1/n2,

t1e6 ma>e t1e mean e75al to /t real/8at/on. &1e pro e45t/on 1a tr/e0 to prove, 1o3ever, t1at on t1e o44a /on /n 75e t/on t1e a445 e0 3ere not arme0, an0 t1at t1e 3eapon 3/t1 31/41 t1e a445 e0 3/fe 3o5n0e0 ' belon2e0 to t1e latter, 31/41 3eapon 1e borro3e0 on t1at o44a /on for a 4erta/n per onal p5rpo e.

DECISION

RECTO, J B
p

&1e po5 e $en4e lao Al4an are an0 Nat/v/0a0 #5a25e 1av/n2 been 41ar2e0 3/t1 1om/4/0e /n t1e Co5rt of */r t !n tan4e of ,44/0ental Ne2ro an0 enten4e0, t1e former to t1e penalt6 of from e/21t 6ear an0 one 0a6 of prision mayor, a t1e m/n/m5m, to fo5rteen 6ear , e/21t mont1 an0 one 0a6 of reclusion temporal, a t1e ma=/m5m, 3/t1 t1e a44e or/e of t1e la3, an0 t1e latter to t1at of from /= 6ear an0 one 0a6 of prision mayor, a t1e m/n/m5m, to t3elve 6ear an0 one 0a6 of reclusion temporal, a t1e ma=/m5m, 3/t1 t1e a44e or6 penalt/e of t1e la3, bot1 to /n0emn/f6 Co/ntl6 an0 everall6 t1e 1e/r of 'a5l/no (/ 5a /0o /n t1e 5m of one t1o5 an0 pe o , 3/t1 4o t , appeale0 to t1/ 4o5rt for a rev/e3 of t1e C502ment ren0ere0 a2a/n t t1em, pra6/n2 t1at t1e ame be rever e0 an0 t1at t1e6 be a475/tte0. @pon e=am/nat/on of t1e appeal, /t appear B t1at /n t1e morn/n2 of *ebr5ar6 18, 1935, 31/le t1e a445 e0 Nat/v/0a0 #5a25e 3a /n 1er 1o5 e /t5ate0 /n #5p51an, barr/o of A2paD2/, m5n/4/pal/t6 of Calatrava, ,44/0ental Ne2ro , 3/t1 onl6 1er t1ree 41/l0ren of ten0er a2e for 4ompan6, 1er 15 ban0 an0 4oa445 e0 $en4e lao Al4an are 1av/n2 2one to 2r/n0 4orn /n E5an Gar/n2F 1o5 e everal >/lometer a3a6, 'a5l/no (/ 5a /0o 4ame an0 be2an to ma>e love to 1er% t1at a Nat/v/0a0 4o5l0 not 0/ 5a0e 1/m from 1/ p5rpo e, 1e tarte0 for t1e >/t41en 31ere 'a5l/no follo3e0 1er, not3/t1 tan0/n2 1er /n / ten4e t1at 1e 4o5l0 b6 no mean a44e0e to 1/ 3/ 1e , for 'a5l/no, bent on at/ f6/n2 t1em at all 4o t, 0re3 an0 opene0 a >n/fe an0, t1reaten/n2 1er 3/t1 0eat1, be2an to embra4e 1er an0 to to541 1er brea t % t1at /n prepar/n2 to l/e 3/t1 1er, 'a5l/no 1a0 to leave t1e >n/fe on t1e floor an0 t1e a445 e0, ta>/n2 a0vanta2e of t1e /t5at/on, p/4>e0 5p t1e 3eapon an0 tabbe0 1/m /n t1e ab0omen% an0 t1at 'a5l/no, feel/n2 1/m elf 3o5n0e0, ran a3a6 C5mp/n2 t1ro521 t1e 3/n0o3 an0 fall/n2 on ome tone , 31/le t1e a445 e0 et fort1 /mme0/atel6 for t1e poblacion to 5rren0er 1er elf to t1e a5t1or/t/e an0 report t1e /n4/0ent. Nat/v/0a0 #5a25eF a4t /n mortall6 3o5n0/n2 'a5l/no (/ 5a /0o, 5na/0e0 b6 1er 15 ban0 an0 4oa445 e0 $en4e lao Al4an are, an0 /n t1e 4/r45m tan4e above et o5t, 4on t/t5te t1e e=empt/n2 4/r45m tan4e 0ef/ne0 /n art/4le 11, 5b e4t/on 1, of t1e Rev/ e0 'enal Co0e, be4a5 e, a tate0 b6 a 4ommentator of note, Ga /0e from t1e r/21t to l/fe on 31/41 re t t1e le2/t/mate 0efen e of o5r per on, 3e 1ave t1e r/21t to

propert6 a475/re0 b6 5 , an0 t1e r/21t to 1onor 31/41 / not t1e lea t pr/8e0 of manF patr/mon6.G 91 :/a0a, 17;, 173, 5t1 e0/t/on.< G$/ll t1e attempt to rape a 3oman 4on t/t5te an a22re /on 5ff/4/ent to p5t 1er /n a tate of le2/t/mate 0efen eHG a > t1e ame 4ommentator. G$e t1/n> o,G 1e an 3er , G/na m541 a a 3omanF 1onor 4annot b5t be e teeme0 a a r/21t a pre4/o5 , /f not more, t1an 1er ver6 e=/ ten4e% t1/ offen e, 5nl/>e or0/nar6 lan0er b6 3or0 or 0ee0 5 4ept/ble of C50/4/al re0re , / an o5tra2e 31/41 /mpre e an /n0el/ble blot on t1e v/4t/m, for, a t1e Roman #a3 a6 B quum virginitas, vel castitas, corrupta restitui non potest 9be4a5 e v/r2/n/t6 or 41a t/t6, on4e 0ef/le0, 4annot be re tore0<. !t / ev/0ent t1at a 3oman 31o, t15 /mper/le0, 3o5n0 , na6 >/ll t1e offen0er, 1o5l0 be affor0e0 e=empt/on from 4r/m/nal l/ab/l/t6 prov/0e0 b6 t1/ art/4le an0 5b e4t/on /n4e 541 >/ll/n2 4annot be 4on /0ere0 a 4r/me from t1e moment /t be4ame t1e onl6 mean left for 1er to prote4t 1er 1onor from o 2reat an o5tra2e.G 91 :/a0a, 3?1, 5t1 e0/t/on.< )/m/lar to t1e pre ent 75e t/on 3a t1e one 0eterm/ne0 b6 t1e )5preme Co5rt of )pa/n /n a 0e4/ /on of *ebr5ar6 ;1, 1911B G&1/ 4o5rt /n 05e 1oma2e to t1e pr/n4/ple of moral/t6 an0 /n tr/4t ob ervan4e of t1e prov/ /on of la3 C5 tl6 /nterprete0, 1a al3a6 1el0 t1at one of t1e r/21t referre0 to /n art/4le 8, 5b e4t/on 4, of t1e 'enal Co0e, / t1at 31/41 a / t a 3oman /n 0efen e of 1er 1onor 31en an attempt / ma0e a2a/n t /t rea onabl6 ne4e /tat/n2 t1e 5 e of v/olent mean to repel t1e a22re /on or to avo/0 /n t/me t1e /mm/nent 0an2er of /t 4on 5mmat/on% an0 /n v/e3 of t1/ , /t m5 t be 4on4e0e0 5pon t1e f/n0/n2 of t1e tr/al 4o5rt, t1at t1e a445 e0 "ar/a )an41e8 CaD/ tro a4te0 /n le2/t/mate elf+0efen e, be4a5 e t1e 4on054t of (/e2o Car0ena , 31o ma0e love to 1er, /n blo3/n2 /n at m/0n/21t, >no4>/n2 at t1e 0oor an0 0eman0/n2 a0m/ttan4e an0 a2a/n t "ar/aF ref5 al, /n / t/n2 /n 1/ p5rpo e an0 t1reaten/n2 to brea> open t1e 0oor, /n t1e l/21t of pr/or event an0 t1e 4/r45m tan4e of t1e 4a e, /mpl/e t1e /mm/nen4e of an affront a2a/n t 1onor, /nvolv/n2 an a4t5al an0 4erta/n 0an2er to t1e per on o t1reatene0, 31/le at t1e ame t/me t1e fa4t t1at 1e 3a alone% t1at no 1elp 3a fort14om/n2% 1er fo5n0e0 fear t1at t1e 0oor m/21t 2/ve 3a6 an0 t1e 0rea0e0 ev/l 3ro521t, 1er 4on e75ent 1elple ne on t1e a0vent of t1at 4r/ / , an0 1er nat5ral 0e /re to atte t openl6 1er 4onC52al f/0el/t6 b6 fo/l/n2 all 5 p/4/o5 a per /on , 1o3 t1e rea onablene of t1e 0efen /ve mea 5re ava/le0 of b6 1er an0 3arrant 1er 4omplete e=empt/on from l/ab/l/t6, /na m541 a , a /0e from all t1e e, /t 0oe not appear from t1e 0e4/ /on t1at a/0 a445 e0 1a0 prev/o5 l6 4omm/tte0 an6 a4t 0e erv/n2 of 4en 5re or marr/n2 t1e C5 t mot/ve 31/41 obv/o5 l6 /n054e0 1er to repel, a 1e 0/0, a v/olen4e 5nprovo>e0 b6 1er. &15 v/e3e0, all t1e re75/ /te of t1e e=empt/n2 4/r45m tan4e above ment/one0 are pre ent an0 1o5l0 be ta>en /nto 4on /0erat/on, et4.G 91 v/a0a, 3?3, 3?4, 5t1 e0/t/on.< &1e t1eor6 of t1e pro e45t/on, 31/41 3e 4on /0er a tr/fle 5n 5b tant/al / a follo3 B &1e a445 e0 $en4e lao Al4an are, t1/n>/n2 t1at 'a5l/no /mport5ne0 1/ 3/fe 3/t1 5n41a te a0van4e , o5t of Cealo5 6, 0e4/0e0 to 2et r/0 of 1/m. -/ 41an4e to br/n2

abo5t 1/ plan 4ame 31en, /n t1e morn/n2 of t1e 4r/me, 'a5l/no 1appene0 to pa /n front of t1e 1o5 e of t1e po5 e 3/t1 1/ fr/en0 ,l/mp/o #/bo a0a. &1e a445 e0 3/fe /nv/te0 'a5l/no to 0rop /n, 31/41 t1e latter an0 1/ fr/en0 0/0. &1e po5 e met t1em at t1e t1re 1ol0. &1e a445 e0 3/fe a >e0 'a5l/no 31et1er 1e 1a0 a >n/fe an0 a t1e latter an 3ere0 /n t1e aff/rmat/ve, 1e a >e0 1/m to len0 /t to 1er be4a5 e 1e 3ante0 to 45t 1er na/l , to 31/41 'a5l/no 3/ll/n2l6 a44e0e0. $1/le t1e a445 e0 3/fe 3a 45tt/n2 1er na/l , 1e a >e0 'a5l/no 31ere 1e 4ame from an0 t1e latter an 3ere0, t5rn/n2 1/ 1ea0 aro5n0, t1at 1e 4ame from t1e 1o5 e of one !nt/n2, 31ere5pon t1e a445 e0 3/fe la 1e0 1/m /n t1e ab0omen. 'a5l/no tr/e0 to ret5rn t1e blo3 b5t t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 p/4>e0 5p a tone an0 tr54> 1/m /n t1e fore1ea0. $o5n0e0 /n t1e ab0omen an0 /n t1e fore1an0, 'a5l/no fle0 t1erefrom. &1e 2overnment pre ente0 t1ree 3/tne e to e tabl/ 1 t1/ t1eor6. 'ablo Alvare8, barr/o l/e5tenant of Cab5D2a1an, te t/f/e0 t1at on 1/ 3a6 to G4omm5nalG t1e 0a6 before t1e 4r/me, 1e met t1e a445 e0 3/fe 31o tol0 1/m t1at 1e 1a0 3ante0 to ee 1/m an0 a > 1/ 1elp be4a5 e 1er 15 ban0, 31o 3a Cealo5 of 'a5l/no, 3a maltreat/n2 1er an0 1e 3a f5rt1ermore re olve0 to a a5lt 'a5l/no at /21t. ,n t1e follo3/n2 0a6, Alvare8, on 1/ 3a6 to Ba4a4a6, 0roppe0 /n t1e 1o5 e of t1e a445 e0 po5 e to /n75/re 31et1er t1e6 1a0 toba44o ee0 an0, a t1e6 an 3ere0 1/m /n t1e ne2at/ve, 1e 3ent 1/ 3a6. -e 1a0 1ar0l6 left t1e pla4e 31en 'a5l/no an0 ,l/mp/o arr/ve0, t1e a445 e0 3/fe /nv/t/n2 t1e former to 0rop /n. 'a5l/no an0 ,l/mp/o 3ent to t1e t1re 1ol0 of t1e 1o5 e an0 t1e a445 e0 po5 e , /n t5rn, 3ent 0o3n, an0 t1e fo5r en2a2e0 /n a 4onver at/on 31/41, to Alvare8, eeme0 a fr/en0l6 one. &1e 3/tne left an0 31en 1e ret5rne0 to t1e pla4e omet/me later, 1e 3a /nforme0 t1at 'a5l/no 1a0 been tabbe0.

&1e a445 e0 3ere from t1e barr/o of A2paD2/ an0 not from Cab5D2a1an 31ere t1e 3/tne 3a t1e barr/o l/e5tenant. -a0 t1e a445 e0 3/fe 2one to 4ompla/n a2a/n t t1e alle2e0 4on054t of 1er 15 ban0, 1e 3o5l0 1ave o521t t1e l/e5tenant of A2paD2/, 1er barr/o. &1e a445 e0 3/fe, b6 report/n2 t1e /n4/0ent 0/re4tl6 to t1e m5n/4/pal a5t1or/t/e 3/t1o5t ee>/n2 t1e /ntervent/on of an6 barr/o l/e5tenant, 1o3e0 t1at 1e >ne3 31ere to 2o /n a 0/ff/45lt6. $ere /t tr5e t1at t1e a445 e0 15 ban0, prompte0 b6 Cealo5 6, 0e /2ne0 to 0o a3a6 3/t1 'a5l/no, /t 3o5l0 1ave been be4a5 e 1e ob erve0 t1at 1/ 3/fe ome1o3 ret5rne0 'a5l/noF attent/on , for ot1er3/ e 1e 3o5l0 not 1ave /n05l2e0 /n tra2/4 4o2/tat/on . *rom an6 po/nt of v/e3, 1o3ever, /t / 75/te /n4ompre1en /ble 316 t1e 3/fe 3o5l0 ta>e 5pon 1er elf, an0 t1e 15 ban0 3o5l0 41ar2e 1er 3/t1, t1e e=e45t/on of t1e plan. &1e ob ervat/on / no le tr5e /f t1e po5 e plotte0 /n 4ommon for /t 3o5l0 1ave been patentl6 0/ 2ra4ef5l an0 4o3ar0l6 of t1e 15 ban0 to t1r5 t /t e=e45t/on 5pon t1e 3/fe at t1e 1a8ar0 of 1er l/fe, an0 l/bert6 to 1/el0 1/ o3n, /n t1e

event of pro e45t/on% an0 t1ere / reall6 not1/n2 of re4or0 4ompell/n2 t1e 5ppo /t/on t1at t1e 15 ban0 3a t15 m/n0e0. @n0er t1e t1eor6 of t1e pro e45t/on, 31et1er t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 0o5bte0 1/ 3/feF f/0el/t6 or 3a 5re of /t, /n 4onne4t/on 3/t1 'a5l/noF attent/on , t1e nat5ral t1/n2 /n e/t1er 4a e 3o5l0 be for 1/m, 5na/0e0 b6 1/ 3/fe, /n aven2e t1e affront or p5n/ 1 t1e offen0er. !n t1e 4a e at bar, 3e m5 t a 5me t1at, /f t1e mot/ve attr/b5te0 to 1/m b6 t1e pro e45t/on 3ere tr5e, t1e a445 e0 3o5l0 1ave a4te0, a 3o5l0 t1e 2reat, maCor/t6 of men /n /0ent/4al 4/r45m tan4e . &1e 3/tne Alvare8, 1/m elf te t/f/e0 t1at 1e 3a /nforme0 t1e 0a6 before b6 t1e 3/fe of t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 t1at t1e latter 3o5l0 2et even 3/t1 'a5l/no at t1e f/r t opport5n/t6. &1e 3/tne a3 t1em to2et1er /n t1e morn/n2 of t1e 4r/me an0 1e 1o5l0 1ave 5rm/ e0 t1at t1e anno5n4e0 tra2e06 m/21t ta>e pla4e. Rat1er t1an fo/l /t, a an a2ent of t1e la3, /f for no ot1er rea on, 1e 3ent 1/ 3a6 5n4on4erne0, a /f not1/n2 er/o5 3a /mpen0/n2. $e f/n0 1/ 4on054t, or t1at 31/41 1e 4la/m to 1ave follo3e0, o e=tremel6 tran2e to be 4on /0ere0 tr5e. $1en t1e tr5t1 / be6on0 o5r rea41, a / often t1e 4a e, 3e 1ave to be 4ontente0 3/t1 t1e probable. &1/ / t1e ba / of t1e o+4alle0 pre 5mpt/on of fa4t. &1e a4t 31/41 t1/ 3/tne 4la/m to 1ave 0one are o o5t of t1e or0/nar6 4on054t of men a to be 0evo/0 of probab/l/t6. ,44a /onall6, /n0ee0, t1ere are t1o e 31o be1ave tran2el6, b5t t1/ / t1e e=4ept/on an0 not t1e r5le. !n a00/t/on to t1/ , t1e t1eor6 of t1e pro e45t/on t1at t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 an0 1/ 3/fe 1a0 4on p/re0 to >/ll 'a5l/no / over4ome b6 t1e ver6 fa4t 31/41 t1e pro e45t/on /t elf 1a attempte0 to prove. !f 541 4on p/ra46 1a0 reall6 e=/ te0, t1e a445 e0 po5 e 3o5l0 1ave been f5ll6 prepare0 to 4arr6 /t /nto e=e45t/on, be4a5 e rat/onal be/n2 0/ffer from t1o e 31o are not /n t1at 31en t1e6 embar> on an6t1/n2, t1e6 ma>e t1e mean e75al to /t real/8at/on. -o3ever, t1e e a445 e0, on t1e o44a /on, 1a0 ne/t1er a r5 t6 bolo nor an o5t3orn 4l5b to 4ope 3/t1 'a5l/no. &1e 3eapon 3/t1 31/41 'a5l/no 3a f/r t 3o5n0e0 3a 1/ o3n >n/fe 31/41, a44or0/n2 to t1e pro e45t/on, t1e a445 e0 3/fe 1a0 to borro3 from 1/m on t1e prete=t t1at 1e 3ante0 to 45t 1er na/l , an0 later a tone 31/41 t1e a445 e0 15 ban0 4a 5all6 p/4>e0 5p from t1e 2ro5n0. Iarn of t1/ >/n0 ma>e 2oo0 mater/al for fable . An2el Em/a, t1e ot1er 2overnment 3/tne 31o te t/f/e0 at t1e tr/al t1at 1e a3 t1e 4r/me attr/b5te0 to t1e t3o a445 e0 b6 t1e pro e45t/on, ma0e a prev/o5 tatement 31ere/n 1e 0/ 4la/me0 >no3le02e of 31o 1a0 tabbe0 'a5l/no. Re75/re0 to e=pla/n t1e 4ontra0/4t/on, 1e b5n2le0 /n 1/ attempt. &1e tr/al C502e erre0 /n 2/v/n2 1/m 4re0/t. ,l/mp/o #/bo a0a, anot1er 2overnment 3/tne , l/>e3/ e aff/rme0 t1at 1e 1a0 een all t1at 1a0 tran p/re0, 4la/m/n2 t1at 1e t1en a44ompan/e0 'a5l/no. !t eem tran2e, 1o3ever, t1at /n t1e t3o tatement ma0e b6 'a5l/no before 1/ 0eat1 1e 0/0 not tate t1at 1e 3a a44ompan/e0 b6 #/bo a0a or b6 an6 ot1er per on /n t1e morn/n2 of t1e 4r/me. !t l/>e3/ e 1appen t1at t1e 4on054t of t1/ 3/tne , a44or0/n2 to 1/ o3n

te t/mon6, appear to be /n4on / tent be4a5 e 1e 0/0 not1/n2 to 0efen0 an0 1elp 'a5l/no, 1/ fr/en0 an0 4ompan/on, /n t1at mo t 4r/t/4al moment, an0 0/0 not report t1e 4r/me to t1e a5t1or/t/e , 0/ appear/n2 from t1e 4ene all of a 500en 3/t1 t1e ver6 fr/volo5 e=45 e t1at G1e 3a afra/0 to be /mpl/4ate0G. *5rt1ermore, after 0/ 4ar0/n2 t1e te t/mon6 of An2el Em/a, t1ere / not1/n2 to 4orroborate t1at of ,l/mp/o #/bo a0a 31/41, b6 /t /n1erent 3ea>ne , 4annot alone an0 5n 5b tant/ate0 b6 ot1er rel/able /n4r/m/nator6 4/r45m tan4e , 5pport a C502ment of 4onv/4t/on. A to t1e t3o tatement , E=1/b/t C an0 (, t6le0 ante-mortem b6 t1e )ol/4/tor+General, t1e tr/al 4o5rt properl6 0/ re2ar0e0 t1em be4a5 e t1ere / no ev/0en4e of re4or0 t1at 'a5l/no 1a0 ma0e t1em 5n0er a en e of /mpen0/n2 0eat1 an0 3/t1 no 1ope of re4over6. &1e tr/al C502e 2ave 5n5 5al /mportan4e to t1e te t/mon6 of t1e t3o pol/4emen 31o te t/f/e0 t1at t1e6 ma0e an o45lar /n pe4t/on of t1e 4ene of t1e 4r/me an0 fo5n0 no bloo0 ta/n /n t1e >/t41en of t1e 1o5 e of t1e a445 e0 po5 e . &1/ , a44or0/n2 to t1e tr/al C502e, 0e tro6 t1e t1eor6 of t1e 0efen e t1at 'a5l/no 3a tabbe0 /n a/0 >/t41en b6 t1e a445 e0 3/fe 31en 1e tr/e0 to l/e 3/t1 1er t1ro521 /nt/m/0at/on an0 v/olen4e. $e are of t1e op/n/on t1at t1e tr/al C502e erre0 on t1/ po/nt a 1e 0/0 on ot1er . !t appear t1at t1e a/0 pol/4eman 0/0 not al o f/n0 an6 bloo0 ta/n on t1e t1re 1ol0 of t1e 1o5 e of t1e a445 e0 po5 e 31ere, a44or0/n2 to t1e pro e45t/on, t1e a22re /on too> pla4e. &1erefore, a/0 te t/mon6 4ontra0/4t t1e 0efen e no le t1an /t 0oe t1e pro e45t/on. !n re 5me, 3e are of t1e op/n/on t1at 3e 1o5l0, a 3e 0o 1ereb6 1ol0 t1at t1e a445 e0 Nat/v/0a0 #5a25e /n 3o5n0/n2 'a5l/no (/ 5a /0o to 0eat1, a4te0 /n le2/t/mate elf+0efen e, an0 t1at t1e ot1er a445 e0 $en4e lao Al4an are 1a0 no part/4/pat/on /n a/0 a4t% 31erefore, rever /n2 t1e appeale0 C502ment, 3e 1ereb6 a475/t bot1 a445 e0, an0 or0er t1e/r /mme0/ate relea e, /f /n 4onf/nement, 3/t1 4o t de oficio. vance!a, C. J., bad Santos, Hull, an0 Vic"ers, JJ., 4on45r.