points on agv 1.

material spends more time in a shop moving than being machined, which means that there is more time wasted thereby adding to the cost of the product.therefore The major automated material handling systems that are generally used in advanced manufacturing are automated guided v ehicles 2.The microcontroller EM78P156ELP receives the input from a series of infrared sensors and from these inputs deter mines if the AGV should continue forward or the direction of the AGV should be changed. 3.Basic Block Diagram of the AGV consists of 3 blocks 1. Photo Logic Optical Sensor Module. 2. Microcontroller Module. 3. Motor Control Module. 4.COMPONENTS USED 3V DC Motors. Transistors. IN 4004 Diode. 5 Pins Harness. 5 Pin headers (90X, 180X). 100uf, 4.7uf Electrolytic Capacitors 331, 104 Ceramic Capacitors. PCB (Sensor, Main PCB) Microphone. Resistors, LED s Slide switch. Battery Box. 5.3V DC MOTORS USED FOR MOVEMENT IN FORWARD,LEFT OR RIGHT DIRECTIONS , 8050,C1815 TRANSISTORS CONTROL MODULE TO SWITCH ON/OFF THE POWER SUPPLY. PIN HEADER,PIN HARNESS TRANSFER THE SIGNAL FROM SENSOR MODULE TO MICROCONTROLL ER. 6. NAVIGATION OF AGV 1 Wired 2 Guide Tape 3 Laser Target Navigation:The AGV carries a laser transmitter and receiver on a rotating turret. The laser is sent off then received again the angle and (sometimes) distan ce are automatically calculated and stored into the AGV s memory. The AGV has reflector map stored in memory and can correct its position based on errors between the expected and rece ived measurements. It can then navigate to a destination target using the constantly updating position. 4 Gyroscopic Navigation 5 Natural Features Navigation 6 Steering control 7 Vision-Guidance:They operate by using cameras to record features along the ro ute, allowing the AGV to replay the route by using the recorded features to naviga te. Vision-Guided AGVs use Evidence Grid technology, an application of probabilis tic volumetric sensing.

The Evidence Grid technology uses probabilities of occupancy for each point in space to compensate for the uncertainty in the performance of sensors and in the environment. 6. Path Decision: 1. Frequency select mode 2. Path select mode 3. Magnetic Tape mode 7.Vehicle Control Automatic guided vehicles usually possess some type of on-board programmable c ontrol system. These range from simple single-board controllers to complex computers . The vehicle controller analyses inputs from sensors to determine the state of th e vehicle, and then manipulates actuators to achieve some desired vehicle behavior. Sensors may include navigation aids, odometry, collision avoidance, safety bumpers, and load height. Actuators may change wheel speeds, activate visual or audible alarms, shut down vehicle power, or alter load height.

8 Common AGV Applications 1 Raw Material Handling 2 Work-in-Process Movement 3 Pallet Handling 4 Finished Product Handling 5 Trailer Loading 6 Roll Handling 7 Container Handling