13) Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.

A quick reflection in to the educational system gives us an idea about what methods of education are useful to students. Just by a short glimpse in to the ancient style of education, we can see that those who gained knowledge from teachers individually had developed their knowledge in a particular skill. Children were given individual attention by teachers as there were not many who seeked knowledge in earlier days. But as decades passed new system of education came in to existence and different methods were adopted to improve the system of education. The statement attempts to link the system of education to a variety of courses to every student irrespective of the subject in which they are majoring. It emphasizes that gaining knowledge in a wide sector is very important for every student other than concentrating in one specific area of study. Access to a variety of courses helps every individual to open the gateways of knowledge to many areas of their interest. This helps them to widen their knowledge as well as increase their brain capacity to understand many things at a time. However it is true that compulsory enrolment in a variety of courses will not benefit students. It will be beneficial if changing the educational system in such a way that for those who are majoring in a particular area of study should complete some compulsory subjects and some elective subjects will be very useful to those who enroll in the courses. In contrast to the statement it can also cause the students lack of time to spend for their major subjects of study. Also the way in which each educational institution sets their system of education is also relevant. There should be national or state level set methods to follow in educational systems other than giving freedom to each educational institution to set their own method of education. There should be a way in which they can choose the elective subjects which will help them to gain knowledge in their areas of interest. This last example of the time table of a Masters degree which I had tried to enroll in one of the major universities in Melbourne is a very good example to illustrate how a variety of courses can be involved in one major field of studies. In a masters degree in Accounting 4 compulsory subjects in Accounts area and 8 elective subjects related to Finance is a very interesting system as it helps the students to gain knowledge in both the majoring subject and various other related subjects. This will help them to utilize their skills in many related areas while looking for a job rather than just in their major subject of study. In short the statement is trying to emphasize the need of involving various courses in every major stream of education. This is a very useful and relevant method of education but it has to be done very cautiously. Including variety of courses in any major course can help to

enhance the knowledge of students only if they are given a chance to choose from many of them according to their interest.

14) A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.

The statement tries to link positively the importance of same curriculum throughout the nation with the education system in schools. It helps to create uniformity in the educational system of a nation. It is not a common phenomenon to bring forth same curriculum throughout the nation. Different nations follow specific rules with the educational system of schools. It is a good thought to have a look that whether the same curriculum throughout the nation has an impact on the flourishing new generation. A quick reflection in to the educational system of the different nations both developed and developing ones can give us a clear idea about which method of education will be the best to the growing children without much stress and competition. In a country like India, different states follow different syllabus and there are schools in each state with both types of schools, one set of the same national curriculum and other set of the syllabus of that particular state. Due to the high population of the country, competition is very high and the difference in the educational backgrounds of children gives more stress to students when they enter college. Some possess strong background in each of the subjects depending upon the syllabus their school followed. However the principle of same national curriculum can reduce the competition and stress among children when they enter college as they all will be trained in the same pattern and syllabus. So each student will be confident enough in their studies without any stress or complex as they all come from the same background. This will be an added advantage in the career growth of each student and it will make them more confident to choose a career of their own interest. In contrast to the statement, the difference in syllabus in the various schools in a nation have some advantages as well. Children are of different IQ levels and some of them need much hard work to attain their aim where as some others can pick up things very easily. For example, in India there are different syllabus like ICSE, NCERT etc. Brainee kids can pick up very fast and they are put in a different class. This is one way helpful for those as it gives chance to all to evaluate their skills and join in such a school in which they believe they can succeed. The only advantage of such difference in syllabus is that it gives all types of children to pass secondary school in their level of knowledge and become literate.

This last example of the nation of United States gives a clear picture of how the same syllabus throughout the nation can help in the progress of nation. In US the same syllabus is followed in all states and this provides uniformity in the students passing out of the secondary schools. This reduces the stress and competition among the students and increases confidence in them to reach to their goals as they wish to be. In short the same national curriculum throughout the nation has more advantages than the other way as it provides equal opportunities to everyone without any differences in their educational background. Even though there are much plus points for different syllabus, considering the entire growth of a nation it is always better to follow the same national curriculum as this method wont favor only the most brilliant students but every student according to their ability. 15) Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will
prepare them for lucrative careers.

Lucrative = profitable The statement tries to link the purpose of educational institutions to encouraging students for lucrative careers. The idea behind education is not just one. It is necessary to get a job as well as it is the passion of each student to gain knowledge in a particular area of study. Individuals quest for education with different intentions. Most of the students choose their field of study in order to get a job in that sector which leads to the intention of making profit from that job. But some see education as a gateway to attain knowledge. The statement attempts to explain the purpose of education as to create lucrative careers for students. This is utter foolishness because education is to impart knowledge to students. It is the responsibility of educational institutions to create maximum arrangements and facilities for the students who enroll for different courses in their institution. They can help students to find a career after their studies which is an encouragement for the students to join that particular institution. But it is not advisable for the educational instititutions to promote lucrative careers for their students. However in this era of advanced technologies and survival of the fittest, every individual try to choose a course which can give them a job at the earliest. They will look for institutions who help students to build their career after their studies. It will be profitable for educational institutions if they help students to make profitable careers after their studies. More individuals will be attracted to the institutions if they can guarantee lucrative careers. In contrast to the statement, the purpose of education is not to prepare their students for lucrative careers. Their purpose should be to be a good source of knowledge for their students, helping them in all ways to attain knowledge by providing sincere and wise teachers, good library and in all ways good support to learn. For example, in earlier days those

who impart knowledge considered it as a great service to others. But now a days education has become business oriented and almost all educational institutions are for making profit other than a service to students. This last example of restricting admissions in universities for those who get an average score in GRE is a clear demonstration of the educational institutions purpose of choosing students who are more dedicated in studies and measuring their IQ in acquiring knowledge. Even though they are not encouraging students for lucrative careers, they are ensuring their annual results by choosing only those students are probable to succeed in their courses. In short the educational institutions are encouraging students to develop lucrative careers and thereby enhancing their educational business to be profitable. But this should not be the actual purpose of educational institutions. It is their responsibility to serve the students who seek knowledge in their area of interest, it is nothing to be of their concern to develop lucrative careers to their students. They should encourage students to choose subjects according to their interest and give them at most support to gain maximum knowledge in their area of interest. 16) Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.

The statement attempts to explain the two different views of the responsibility of an effective political leader. Political leaders are the back bone of a nation. It is the efficiency of the political leaders that lead a nation to prosperity or disaster. They have to be loyal and dedicated to their leadership role in order to lead the nation to progress. Here the author explains the different aspects that a political leader can take on his role to be an efficient leader. The first opinion is that he must yield to public opinion and abandon principles of leadership while other states that he has to remain consistent in the particular principles and objectives to be an effective leader. The statement bridges the efficiency of leadership to the role of the political leaders in remaining consistent in principles and objectives. A leader is someone who gets involved with the public or the team of people whom he is working for and it is his responsibility to be loyal to his people. Hence a leader has to be selective in different situations to determine whether the principles and objectives of the leadership is important or the public opinion is important. He has to act in such a way that he does not behave unfaithful to the public. However, a leader cannot stick to the principles and objectives in such a manner that he is gaining the dislike of his people. Always a leader has to work in compromise with the public. He has

to keep regular and faithful relationship with the people and communicate with them to reveal his stands in each particular situations that arise in his leadership role. In certain cases he will have to compromise some of his principles and objectives for the sake of his people in order to convince them and to make them feel comfortable in his leadership. He should have the ability to determine the principles which he can compromise for his people and which are the ones he has to be consistent. In contrast to the previous situation he has to stick to certain principles and objectives of his leadership role no matter whatever the public demands from him. There are certain principles of a leadership role which cannot be compromised for anyone because those principles are the required qualities of an efficient leader. The role a leader plays in the prosperity of his people is very relevant and for his efficiency it is inevitable that he should be a person of certain ethics and principles. If he is not consistent in such principles, he cannot be faithful to his job. This last example gives us a clear picture of how a leader has to be consistent to his principles and objectives . The great former Indian President Dr Abdul J Kalam is an efficient leader who proved his efficiency while he became the Indian President. He was a person of principles while he was the president. He had compromised many public opinions for the progress of the nation. He was interfering in every matter of concern and even matters which seems silly for others, he gave importance and good guidance especially for the younger generation. While it was a breaking news that he resigned from his presidential role after some time because his principles and objectives are not allowing him to do some non ethical compromises in his political leadership. He explained to the public that since he is a man of principles he believe he can do more as a citizen of India rather than being President of the nation. In short the statement reveals the two aspects of relevant concern in political leadership. A leader has to be consistent in his principles and objectives as well as he has to be flexible for compromises when needed. It is the efficiency of a good political leader to decide where to compromise and where to be consistent. 17) Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free The statement attempts to emphasize that formal education restrain the minds and spirits of people rather than set them free. Education is meant to gain knowledge and learn how to live in a society. Formal education is to help children grow in well discipline and it is expected to give children strong behavior and immense knowledge. Education isnt meant to restrict the minds and spirits of those who attain it but it is the mentality of the people which makes them feel that they are restricted in spirits and minds. The statement tries to bridge the concept of formal education to restriction of mind and spirits. It states that formal education impacts the freedom of mind and spirits. It is true in some sense while fake in another sense. The older system of education decades back, was not

formal and it rendered complete freedom to the children to learn and practice things according to their capacity. It was a system of informal education and not compulsory for any one. Only those who are eager to attain knowledge go for education and others had full freedom to live according to their wish. Some do different kinds of jobs according to their interest while some go for education in the quest for knowledge.

In contrast to the statement formal education is meant to impart knowledge as well as the skills to children to live as a social being. It is true that for formal education, there is a system followed such as children are expected to go to school on time, they are expected to wear uniforms and many other rules and reguations. But it doesnt mean that this restricts their minds and spirits. It gives them immense opportunities to develop their skills of taste and master the subjects which they are interested in. It trains them to attain basic general knowledge and utilize their skills in their area of interest. However, there is some restriction to the minds and spirits of those who acquire formal education. Children are expected to reach school on time, they have to follow the rules in school, they have to sit in their classes and listen to their teacher as required. They are free to move and free of mind and spirits only afterand before their school times. This is a kind of restriction to students as they are not free to do whatever they like. But they have to obey certain rules and they have to learn how to live in a society. For this forma education is inevitable. This last example of the emergence of schools in a small state called Kerala in India gives a clear picture of how formal education has affected the freedom of children. In earlier days children went to learn from teachers named Gurukulam where only those children who are interested in attaining knowledge had gone. They had full freedom to play as they like and sit infront of Guru only when they are asked for. There were no time restrictions nor compulsory education. Later after British people had brought the formal education method if schools, such schools came in to existence in Kerala. In short, formal education has caused some restrictions to the mind and spirits of children in one way , while looking in another perspective it has increased the opportunities for children to broaden their areas of knowledge and conquer more academic areas of study according to their interest. 18) The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.

The statement tries to link the well- being of a society with the interaction of the people with the respective authorities. It is true that by questioning many actions taken by the authority, they can understand that people are very much concerned about their deeds. This gives

them motivation to do their responsibilities with maximum care otherwise it may effect their position in the authority. A quick reflection to the constitution of the governments of nations and the response of people of that nations towards the changes and developments brought forward by the constitution can give us a better idea of how the deeds of authority is improved by the interaction of the people. The statement bridges the efficiency of an authority with the peoples interference in each and every steps put forward by the authority. It is the responsibility of the people to respond either in a positive or in a negative way to the decisions taken by the authority. Now a days internet and blogs are good medium for the public to express their opinions for each important actions taken by the authority. It is a fact that there are different types of people in the constitution of the government. Some are concerned only about their own survival and how they can utilize the opportunity to become rich and some are very loyal to their positions. No matter how are the people in the authority, it is the people who runs the nation effectively by actively responding to every decisions of the authority. However, most of the people are less concerned about their society, as they are busy with their own private worries in life. Only some of the people stick to their responsibility of questioning the decisions of the authority and react to whatever step they take in the progress of nation. The questioning of the authority makes them realize that they have to be very dedicated and honest to their job otherwise their deeds are publicized in front of the society. In contrast to the statement, it is not practical for every person to carefully criticize and evaluate every deeds of the authority. Each person is busy with their own personal problems and get very less time to study the actions taken by the authority and respond to their actions. Also all of the people are not open to the advanced techniques of internet and blogs for them to respond. But still the newspapers,radios etc play a major role in bringing the news to every class of people and giving them opportunity to express their opinions.

This last example of the constitution of the government of India gives us a clear picture of how the questioning of people have lead the authority to proper and corrupt less functioning. The Wiki leaks had revealed the corruption of many ministers in the Indian constitution. As a result the public became very much cautious in their actions and began questioning their deeds. The public was very much concerned about giving proper punishment to such ministers and the media also bring forth the news to every person in the nation. People started questioning the authority about how effectively they do their role. Such questioning has lead the authority to be very cautious in their steps and we can see considerable improvement in the constitutions decisions when the public started questioning them.

In short , the role of the public in the effective prosperity of the nation is very relevant. It is the public who are responsible for the effective leadership of their leaders by questioning their actions in their positions. The questioning habit of the people can automatically lead the authoritatives to think before each action and this can lead to the prosperity of the nation. 19) Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. The statement tries to link the responsibility of the governments to solving the immediate problems of today rather than solving the anticipated problems of the future. The government has to take initiative to find solutions to the present problems in the nation. The immediate problems are of more relevance as it may effect the people adversely. The statement attempts to bridge the governments duties with the responsibility of solving immediate problems of the society. It is the people who play a major role in the government. They are the ones who give necessary support to the existence of the government. Hence the government has to give top priority to the current problems faced by the people. However, the anticipated problems are to be considered with great importance, the first priority should be given to the immediate problems. The government has to take initiative for the peoples emergency needs as their survival is the greatest need. Government has to take steps to satisfy the public and should work according to the requirements of the people as it is the people who constitute the government. Without people the government has no existence. In contrast to the statement, the anticipated problems of the future has to be considered beforehand otherwise it may become a hurdle atlast. It is the responsibility of the government to preplan for the future problems and formulate solutions to confront the situation. As it may be of crucial concern , government