Athenea Digital - 12(1): 241-246 (marzo 2012) -RESEAS-

ISSN: 15 !-!"46

#an$el Delga%o (2011)& El espacio pblico como ideologa& #a%ri%: 'o( li)ro( %e la *atarata& IS+N: " !-!4-!,1"-5"5-6

Baltasar Fernndez-Ramrez
Universidad de Almera bfernan@ual.es

#an$el Delga%o re-ne en e(te li)ro $na .om/ila.i0n %e en(a1o( /re(enta%o( en %i(tinto( 2oro( entre 2006 1 200!& E( im/o(i)le no rela.ionar ($ .onteni%o .on lo( re.iente( mo3imiento( (o.iale( e4em/li2i.a%o( en la( re3$elta( %e la /rima3era 5ra)e6 la( /rote(ta( %el 15 %e marzo en E(/a7a 1 otra( a.am/a%a( 1 re3$elta( a(am)learia( /ro%$.i%a( en %i(tinto( /a8(e( o..i%entale( 1 %el #e%io 9riente& A /e(ar %e ha)er (i%o e(.rito( en a7o( anteriore(6 el li)ro o2re.e 3alora.ione( 1 an5li(i( :$e %e2inen6 1 a la /ar .$e(tionan6 la( )a(e( .on.e/t$ale( 1 la 2ilo(o28a (o.io/ol8ti.a :$e ($(tenta la /ra;i( %e e(to( mo3imiento(& 'a .oheren.ia %e la .om/ila.i0n6 (in em)argo6 e( %e(ig$al6 1 :$iz5 (e e.ha en 2alta $na intro%$..i0n m5( e;ten(a6 en la .$al el a$tor o2re.iera $na %i(.$(i0n %e .on4$nto& A mi /are.er6 el t8t$lo %el li)ro (intetiza )ien ($( %o( /rimero( .a/8t$lo(6 /ero /one en rie(go a lo( %o( re(tante( %e (er 3alora%o( .omo $n a7a%i%o .ir.$n(tan.ial6 a /e(ar %e ($ inter<( 1 %e .om/artir la /reo.$/a.i0n /or .ierto( .on.e/to(&

'a i%ea %e e(/a.io /-)li.o: %e lo (o.io28(i.o a la antro/olog8a /ol8ti.a

En la tra%i.i0n %e la e.olog8a (o.ial6 el e(/a.io /-)li.o 2orma /arte %e la( %in5mi.a( $r)ana( %e la territorializa.i0n6 e( el e(/a.io :$e (e /re(ta a (er .on:$i(ta%o6 el :$e no tiene $n /ro/ietario :$e e4erza la %e2en(a a.ti3a %el mi(mo& De2ini%o en t<rmino( negati3o(6 lo /-)li.o e( lo :$e no ha (i%o /ri3atiza%o6 1 la( .onnota.ione( /o(iti3a( (e re(er3an /ara lo( e(/a.io( %enomina%o( (emi/-)li.o( (o (emi/ri3a%o(6 :$e e( lo mi(mo)6 a:$ello( en lo( :$e lo( gr$/o( re(i%en.iale(6 entre otro(6 /$e%en im/oner ($ .ontrol me%iante la( e(trategia( (im/le( %e o.$/a.i0n 1 /re(en.ia6 .on .ierto( a/o1o( m8nimo( en 2orma %e /er(onaliza.ione( 1 )arrera( (im)0li.a( (=a1lor6 1"!!)6 o a:$ello( :$e la( olea%a( %e t$ri(ta( (e a/ro/ian /ara ($ %i(2r$te r5/i%o 1 algo irre(/et$o(o en ($ n$e3o rol %e territoriantes (#$7oz6 200!)6 %e4an%o a lo( re(i%ente( e;tra7a%o( %e ($( e(/a.io( tra%i.ionale( >/-)li.o( /or:$e eran %e to%o(6 ((emi)/ri3a%o( /or:$e eran lo( ($1o(> (?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez6 2010)& El e(/a.io /-)li.o :$e%a enton.e( .omo $n no-l$gar (A$g<6 1"",)6 $n e(/a.io meramente 28(i.o6 (in hi(toria6 (in rito( :$e lo re3i(tan %e .onnota.ione(6 (igni2i.a%o( 1 norma( (o.iale(@ /ero tam)i<n $n l8mite6 $n e(/a.io liminal6 .omo el mi(mo #an$el Delga%o rei3in%i.a (2004)6 $n territorio 3irgen :$e /$e%e (er e;/lora%o6 re.rea%o 1 a/ro/ia%o6 ina$g$ran%o n$e3a( 2orma( (o.iale( :$e ($gieren $na .i$%a% 3er%a%eramente 3i3a6 la :$e e(.a/a al %i(e7o 1 la /re3i(i0n /lani2i.a%ora 1 (e /re(ta a la inno3a.i0n 1 el mantenimiento e(/ont5neo %e la 3i%a (o.ial (Aar.8a B5z:$ez6 2004@ Bi3a(6 Celli.er 1 '0/ez6 200!)&

241

Re(e7a %e Delga%o (2011) El e(/a.io /-)li.o .omo i%eolog8a

'a %i(.$(i0n e.ol0gi.a no a/are.e6 (in em)argo6 en la( re2le;ione( %el /ro2e(or Delga%o& El e(/a.io /-)li.o /a(a a (er e;.l$(i3amente o)4eto %e %i(.$(i0n i%eol0gi.a 1 mar.o in3i(i)le %e la( %in5mi.a( (it$a.ioni(ta( %el happening 1 la re$ni0n a(am)learia6 $n e(/a.io meta20ri.o a(imila%o al .am/o (em5nti.o %e la sociedad civil6 la opinin pblica >3oz i%eol0gi.amente (o)erana 1 /$ra>6 la educacin o la sanidad pblica6 el e(/a.io 28(i.o re(it$a%o .omo $n %ere.ho $ni3er(al inaliena)le :$e /$e%e (er re.lama%o (in o/o(i.i0n /or la re$ni0n li)re %e lo( .i$%a%ano( .on(tit$i%o( a (8 mi(mo( en pueblo /or antonoma(ia& En la( /5gina( %e n$e(tro a$tor6 el e(/a.io /-)li.o e( $na e;.$(a /ara %e2inir $na antro/olog8a /ol8ti.a6 /ara rei3in%i.ar 1 .riti.ar la (o.io-l0gi.a :$e anima 1 2$n%amenta la /r5.ti.a /ol8ti.a %el ciudadanismo6 .on(i%era%o .omo $na i%eolog8a (eg-n la .$al la( /er(ona( (on .om/etente( /ara re%e2inir(e m$t$a 1 .ontin$amente a tra3<( %el %e)ate en /-)li.o >ante to%o( lo( %em5(6 a)ierto a la mira%a %e to%o(>6 en $n e(/a.io ine(/e.82i.o .$1a rela.i0n .on el re.i/iente $r)ano en :$e ($.e%e e( meramente .ir.$n(tan.ial: Del l$gar en :$e (e e4er.en lo( %ere.ho( %e e;/re(i0n 1 re$ni0n .omo 2orma( %e .ontrol (o)re lo( /o%ere( 1 el l$gar %e(%e el :$e e(o( /o%ere( /$e%en (er .$e(tiona%o(E (/& 2!)& Se .rea a(8 la im/re(i0n %e :$e la plaza enton.e( 1a no e( $n l$gar16 (ino $n mito6 el (8m)olo imaginario %el 5gora 1 la re$ni0n %e lo( .i$%a%ano( li)re(& El l$gar .omo e.olog8a e( lo %e meno(6 /$e(to :$e la intera..i0n .i$%a%ani(ta /$e%e (er tran(/orta%a a otro( e(/a.io(6 tra(la%ar(e %e $na a otra /laza6 (in ($/$e(tamente /er%er /oten.ial /ol8ti.o o (im)0li.o6 %a%o :$e e( la intera..i0n la :$e %e2ine .omo /-)li.o al e(/a.io en :$e (e in(.ri)e6 /or e4em/lo6 en lo( lo.ale( 1 e%i2i.io( a)an%ona%o(6 %on%e la o.$/a.i0n /a.82i.a ina$g$ra $n .ontra%i(.$r(o :$e tra(.ien%e el (enti%o li)eral %e la /ro/ie%a% 1 %il$1e lo /ri3a%o 1 lo /-)li.o en el tri$n2o .om$nitario %el e(/a.io a(am)leario& 'a l0gi.a .i$%a%ani(ta %e2ine 1 legitima al in%i3i%$o .omo /rotagoni(ta /ol8ti.o en el mar.o %e la a(am)lea o %e la mo3iliza.i0n performativa %e la a..i0n /-)li.a6 D.on 2re.$en.ia meramente art8(ti.a o in.l$(o 2e(ti3aE (/& 22)& Re$ni%o( en .om$ni%a% .on(tit$1ente6 el gr$/o (e %ota %e norma( ama)le( 1 %e De(tr$.t$ra( %e a..i0n 1 organiza.i0n l5)ile(E (/& 22)6 .omo .orre(/on%e a $na a..i0n tran(itoria :$e ($rge e(/ont5neamente en rea..i0n ante $na :$e4a (o.ial6 /ara %i(ol3er(e .on ig$al ra/i%ez 1 re/ro%$.ir(e en la /r0;ima (it$a.i0n %e :$e4a& 'a mo3iliza.i0n :$e%a .omo $na m$e(tra %e la( i%eolog8a( light %el $r)ani(mo (o.ial%em0.rata6 Dre2$gio %o.trinal al :$e han 3eni%o a re(g$ar%ar(e lo( re(to( %el iz:$ier%i(mo %e .la(e me%iaE (/& 20-21)6 .omo $n mo%o %e %i(.i/linar o %ome(ti.ar la .r8ti.a6 $na e3ol$.i0n %e lo( antig$o( .on.e/to( %e m$.he%$m)re 1 ma(a6 .on3erti%o( ahora en opinin pblica6 ciudadana 1 usuario6 reenmar.a%o( en $na i%eolog8a %e toleran.ia .ero6 D$na 3i%a /-)li.a %e.lara%a /or %e.reto ama)le 1 %e(/ro)lematiza%aE (/& ,")& *on ($ .r8ti.a a la ligereza socialdemcrata6 Delga%o tra(la%a la %i(.$(i0n al terreno %e la .on2ronta.i0n entre o/.ione( /ol8ti.a(6 1 ($( /ala)ra( re($enan .omo $na a7oranza %e la re3ol$.i0n .omo /r5.ti.a %e .am)io6 re%$.i%a ahora a .on.entra.i0n (o.ial%em0.rata6 /e:$e7o-)$rg$e(a o in.l$(o %e %ere.ha( >.ita in.l$(o a Ai$liani 1 a SarFoz1>@ a7oranza %e $n %i(.$r(o :$e ta.ha %e .0m/li.e a la mo%era%a /rote(ta a(am)learia6 mientra( la anima /ara :$e 3a1a m5( all5 1 tenga e2e.to( en el a7ora%o 4$ego hi(t0ri.o %el .on2li.to %e .la(e( 2&

El l$gar im/orta6 e3i%entemente& No en 3ano6 to%a( la( mo3iliza.ione( (e han .on.entra%o en /laza( 1 l$gare( .on $na gran .arga (im)0li.a en .a%a .i$%a% 1 /a8(6 han o.$/a%o el D.entroE& 'a e.olog8a re:$iere (er inter/reta%a tam)i<n en e(to( t<rmino( (e.olog8a narrati3a) /ara mantener ($ inter<( te0ri.o&
1

En ($ %i(.$r(o ante lo( .on.entra%o( en la Claza %e *atal$n1a %e +ar.elona6 el 21 %e ma1o %e 20116 re.ogi%o en htt/:GGman$el%elga%or$iz&)log(/ot&.omG2011G05Gel-/eligro-.i$%a%ani(ta-inter3en.ion-en&html (Delga%o6 2011)&

242

+alta(ar ?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez

'a i%ea %e intera..i0n: %e la il$(i0n a%ani(ta a la l0gi.a %e la (o(/e.ha

N$e(tro (iglo >el /a(a%o 1 el :$e a/ena( ha .omenza%o> e( tam)i<n el tiem/o %e la (o.iologiza.i0n ,6 enten%i%a .omo $n .on4$nto %e %i(.$r(o( :$e han .ontri)$i%o (igni2i.ati3amente a %e2inir n$e(tro mo%o %e enten%erno( 1 %e (er en (o.ie%a%& 'a (o.iologiza.i0n im/regna .om/letamente el m$n%o %e la em/re(a6 el %i(.$r(o e.on0mi.o %e lo( go)ierno(6 la( rela.ione( la)orale(6 la /ol8ti.a 1 el arte& 'e4o( %e en.la$(trar(e en lo( re%$.to( a.a%<mi.o(6 la( teor8a( (o.iol0gi.a( (e han e;ten%i%o6 /re(tan%o .on.e/to(6 mar.o( 1 3alore( a to%a( la( e(2era( %e lo h$mano& N$e(tro (iglo no /$e%e enten%er(e (in la teoriza.i0n (o.iol0gi.a6 no /or:$e <(ta lo e;/li:$e6 (ino /or:$e ha .ontri)$i%o ($(tanti3amente a ($ .on(tr$..i0n& *omo a.erta%amente a/$nta el /ro2e(or Delga%o6 la )a(e .on.e/t$al :$e ha.e /o(i)le el %i(.$r(o i%eol0gi.o %el e(/a.io /-)li.o e( el mi(mo (it$a.ioni(mo :$e hemo( here%a%o %el intera..ioni(mo (im)0li.o6 la etnometo%olog8a 1 otra( .orriente( .on(tr$..ioni(ta(& *a%a (it$a.i0n (o.ial e( in(tit$1ente6 $n a.onte.imiento -ni.o a$toorganiza%o 1 a$toge(tiona%o6 ontolog8a (it$a.ional o rela.ional6 (in :$e e;i(ta m5( or%en (o.ial :$e el arti.$la%o en el /lano (im)0li.o 1 /r5.ti.o /or lo( /ro/io( in%i3i%$o( /arti.i/ante(& 'o( .on(tr$..ioni(ta( %e(.on2iamo( %e lo( .on.e/to( :$e (e /re(entan .omo (i 2$eran e(en.ia( a4ena( a lo( /ro.e(o( %e .on(tr$..i0n (o.ial en :$e han 3eni%o a (er ela)ora%o(6 1 lo( re%$.imo( a mero( .on(tr$.to( e il$(ione( .on.e/t$ale( rei2i.a%a(6 e2e.to( %el %i(.$r(o 1 .0m/li.e( %e lo( 4$ego( %e /o%er& Si no ha1 na%a %etr5( ni m5( all5 %e la (it$a.i0n6 %e)emo( /en(ar l$ego :$e (on la( .la3e( (it$a.ionale( la( :$e re.rean 1 mantienen la( /ro/ie%a%e( %e lo (o.ial a tra3<( %e $n ($til e2e.to .on(tit$1ente& Algo ha1 en la conversacin :$e %i(/one el (igni2i.a%o 1 la( /ro/ia( regla( %el 4$ego (o.ial6 :$e no no( /ree;i(ten6 (ino :$e (e in(tit$1en $na 1 otra 3ez en la /r5.ti.a 2$n%ante %e la intera..i0n (o.ial (Aar2inFel6 2006@ H7ig$ez6 2006)& I*0mo en.a4ar enton.e( la( e(tr$.t$ra( (o.iale( (el leng$a4e6 lo( role(6 la hi(toria)6 1 .0mo ($/oner :$e lo /re3io a la .on3er(a.i0n6 lo :$e 1a no e( /re(ente6 /$e%e %eterminar la a.t$aliza.i0n 2$n%anteJ IEn :$< .la(e %e e(/a.io o %e e(ta%o re(i%en la( e(tr$.t$ra( (i la( intentamo( /en(ar .omo algo a4eno a la( /er(ona( :$e la( (o(tienen en $n a:$8 1 ahora in.e(ante6 $)i.$o6 m-lti/le 1 .ontin$o6 en to%o momento 1 en to%o l$gar entre to%o(J IEn :$< memoria :$e%ar5 .$al:$ier e(tr$.t$ra (i %e4amo( %e a.t$arla6 %e re-.rearla6 %e traerla a la reali%a% %e la intera..i0nJ Cen(amo( :$e lo( he.ho( (o.iale( (on /ro%$.to( in(tit$i%o( en la intera..i0n :$e %e)en (er .ontin$amente reno3a%o(6 a.t$aliza%o( (1 ($tilmente .am)ia%o() o :$e%ar re%$.i%o( al ol3i%o& Cero tam)i<n :$e la intera..i0n no (e /ro%$.e en $n 3a.8o (o.ial6 :$e el .onte;to (el entrama%o %e te;to( :$e (e .r$zan 1 a.t$alizan6 :$e (e /onen a %i(/o(i.i0n /ara /o(i)ilitar la a.t$aliza.i0n in(tit$1ente) (e ha.e /re(ente 1 %e)e (er .on(i%era%o /ara enten%er6 tal .omo a/$nta Delga%o6 .0mo la( /er(ona( llegan a (er a.e/ta%a( .omo /arti.i/ante( .om/etente( en la intera..i0n& 'a 3arie%a% %e elemento( no( o)liga a 2anta(ear6 a /oetizar (o)re $na (it$a.i0n i%eal %e intera..i0n %on%e entran en 4$ego lo /re(ente 1 lo a$(ente6 lo a.t$al 1 lo /a(a%o6 in.l$(o lo 2$t$ro in(tit$i)le6 el t 1 el yo m8nimo( /ara la intera..i0n6 4$nto al ellos o al Otro :$e e(t5n e;tra7a e inel$%i)lemente /re(ente(& Clieg$e( 1 .a4a( negra(6 /er3i3en.ia( %e(/ren%i%a( %e ($ origen6 2$t$ro( :$e 1a han ($.e%i%o 1 ol3i%o( %e lo :$e 2$e&

Enti<n%an(e (o.iolog8a 1 .ien.ia (o.ial .omo (in0nimo( en e(te .a(o& Crimero6 /or:$e el neologi(mo D.ien.io(o.ializa.i0nE ($ena terri)le en .a(tellano 1 .are.e %e (enti%o 1 (eg$n%o6 /or:$e6 2rente a la 2al(a /ar.ela.i0n a.a%<mi.a %e lo( %e/artamento( 1 lo( /lane( %e e(t$%io(6 re.lamo el (enti%o original %el t<rmino .omo %i(.$r(o %e lo (o.ial6 35li%o /ara to%o( lo( :$e no( a.ogemo( a la matriz glo)al %e la( .ien.ia( (o.iale(&
,

24,

Re(e7a %e Delga%o (2011) El e(/a.io /-)li.o .omo i%eolog8a

Delga%o re(/on%e %e(%e $n o)4eti3i(mo e(tr$.t$ral orto%o;o& El a%ani(mo (it$a.ioni(ta e( $na il$(i0n tram/o(a6 la il$(i0n %e $n anonimato 1 $n /$nto %e /arti%a .ero a)(ol$to :$e el$%e la( .la3e( e(tr$.t$rante( %e lo (o.ial& El intera..ioni(mo %el :$e ha.en gala lo( /arti.i/ante( en lo( en.$entro( a(am)leario(6 /re(ente( o 3irt$ale(6 re:$iere %e $n .i$%a%ano i%eal li)re %e .on%i.ionante( /re3io(& 'a 2alta %e i%enti%a% e( el re:$i(ito im/o(i)le6 la .ontra(e7a $tiliza%a /ara %e2inirno( .omo in%i3i%$o( a :$iene( re.ono.emo( la( .om/eten.ia( .om$ni.ati3a( ($2i.iente( /ara a.t$ar .omo /ieza 2$n%ante %el or%en (o.ial intera..ional& Delga%o re.haza la %i(tin.i0n entre .onte;to e(tr$.t$ral 1 .onte;to %e nego.ia.i0n (Ao22man6 1" ,)6 /$e(to :$e la a$tonom8a %e la e(tr$.t$ra (o.ial (e re3ela 2i.ti.ia6 1 .a%a /er(ona tra(la%a a la (it$a.i0n lo( %i(.$r(o( 1 e(:$ema( %e a.t$a.i0n D/ro/io( %el l$gar %el organigrama (o.ial %e(%e el :$e 1 al (er3i.io %el .$al ge(tionan a .a%a momento ($ /re(en.ia ante lo( %em5(E (/& 5")& El a%ani(mo o gra%o .ero (it$a.ioni(ta (0lo e( /o(i)le enton.e( entre :$iene( 1a (on e(tr$.t$ralmente ig$ale(6 /or e4em/lo6 entre lo( miem)ro( %e $na .la(e me%ia no e(tigmatiza)le :$e /$e%e /re(entar(e en /-)li.o .on lo( .ara.tere( 3i(i)le( m8nimo( /ara (er a.e/ta%a .omo $n ig$al en el anonimato6 alg$ien no (o(/e.ho(o& S0lo el :$e no le3anta (o(/e.ha( e( a.e/ta)le /ara el 4$ego $r)ano %el anonimato6 (0lo <l /$e%e (er $n .i$%a%ano %e /leno %ere.ho /-)li.o entre ig$ale(& De(.onte;t$aliza%a6 2al(amente %e(3in.$la%a %e la e(tr$.t$ra (o.ial6 la a(am)lea :$e%a .omo $na mera e2er3e(.en.ia 2e(ti3a6 $na e;/erien.ia e(t<ti.a e28mera 1 /a(a4era (/lenamente /o(tmo%erna6 %ir8a 1o)6 .on(tit$i%a .omo $n D0rgano inorg5ni.o6 .$1o( .om/onente( (e /a(an el tiem/o nego.ian%o 1 %i(.$tien%o entre (8E (/& 52)6 ren$n.ian%o a .$al:$ier D/ro1e.to %e tran(2orma.i0n o eman.i/a.i0n (o.ial :$e 3a1a m5( all5 %e $n 3itali(mo m5( )ien )orro(oE (/& 52)6 1 D:$e no tienen na%a :$e o2re.er :$e no (ea ($ a$tenti.i%a% .om$nitariaE (/& 54)6 D$na 3er%a% .om$ni.a.ional inten(amente 3i3i%aE (/& 55)6 1 /o.o m5( ha(ta la /r0;ima re3$elta a(am)learia&

#or2olog8a $r)ana: %el .on2li.to %e .la(e( al mito %e lo .i$%a%

Delga%o re.$/era en el ter.er .a/8t$lo %el li)ro $na 3er(i0n e.ol0gi.a %el e(/a.io $r)ano6 re(it$a%a en $n %i(.$r(o %e .orte mar;i(ta6 /ara tratar (o)re la( re3$elta( )arriale( 1 o)rera( /rotagoniza%a( /or inmigrante( 2ran.e(e( %e(%e ha.e %<.a%a(& No o)(tante6 a/arte %e .ierta( men.ione( al e(/a.io /-)li.o6 el .a/8t$lo (e .entra en el /ro)lema %e la 3i3ien%a (o.ial g$eti2i.a%a 1 lo( .orre(/on%iente( mo3imiento( %e /rote(ta 3e.inal& 'a( (a$(ente() /ol8ti.a( %e 3i3ien%a (o.ial han /a(a%o %e(%e la .on.entra.i0n re(i%en.ial6 ha(ta ($ %i(/er(i0n .on 5nimo %e (%e()integra.i0n (o.ial& El en(a1o (e re($me en la te(i( %e :$e la .on.entra.i0n e(/a.ial en lo( /ol8gono( 1 )arrio( %e 3i3ien%a( (o.iale( en 3erti.al o2re.en la o/ort$ni%a% %el .ara a .ara /ara .om/artir (o.ializa.i0n6 :$e4a 1 a..i0n .om-n6 .erran%o el .8r.$lo %e la( antig$a( .on.entra.ione( )arriale( 2ran.e(a(6 %e la (ol$.i0n Ka$((man -%erri)ar la( .alle4$ela( /or %on%e no entra la /oli.8a 1 .rear a3eni%a( :$e im/i%an la .on(tr$..i0n %e )arri.a%a( o)rera( (Del2ante6 2006)- 1 %el an5li(i( /ol8ti.o-/oli.ial :$e intenta %i3i%ir al a%3er(ario D/roletarioE /ara me4or 3en.erlo& El g$eto %e3iene enton.e( D/ri(i0n (o.ialE .$1a Dmi(i0n e( .on2inar a $na /o)la.i0n e(tigmatiza%a .on el 2in %e ne$tralizar la amenaza material 1Go (im)0li.aE :$e ($/one /ara el re(to %e la So.ie%a% (/& ",)& Delga%o in(i(te en la .r8ti.a6 Do(a%a6 a$n:$e /la$(i)leE (/& ! )6 %e :$e el %i(.$r(o /ol8ti.o antig$eto6 :$e %e2ien%e la heterogenei%a% (o.ial6 no (er8a (ino $n mo%o %e %i3i%ir a lo( %e(2a3ore.i%o(6 Dlo( 403ene( (in /er(/e.ti3a %e a.omo%ar(e a la .la(e me%ia6 la %e/a$/era%a 1 to%a38a %e(arti.$la%a .la(e o)rera :$e alimentan lo( inmigrante(6 lo( n$e3o( margina%o( %e to%a la 3i%aE (/& "4) 1 e3itar a(8 to%o 2o.o %e

244

+alta(ar ?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez

.on.entra.i0n :$e 2a.ilite la agita.i0n (o.ial ma(i3a6 me%iante la ($/re(i0n %e lo( D.onte;to( e(/a.iale( :$e 2a3ore.en la intera..i0n inme%iata 1 re.$rrenteE (/& !6)& Cor .ierto6 ha1 :$e re/arar en :$e6 4$nto a la %imen(i0n e.ol0gi.a %el e(/a.io /-)li.o (la %e la territorializa.i0n 1 el .on2li.to $r)ano .l5(i.o)6 ahora Delga%o arg$menta %e(%e el intera..ioni(mo (it$a.ioni(ta /ara .om/oner ($ /ro/io %i(.$r(o militante6 .on lo .$al6 el .ara a .ara 3e.inal .a/az %e .rear $n mo3imiento (o.ial e(/ont5neo %e /rote(ta6 la( D2orma( e;trema%amente en<rgi.a( %e (o.ia)ili%a% 2$(ionalE (/& !5) 3ienen a (er el mi(mo /lanteamiento te0ri.o :$e tan %$ramente ha .riti.a%o en lo( /rimero( 1 )rillante( .a/8t$lo( %el li)ro& L$iz5 ahora el o)4eti3o /ol8ti.o (8 e(t5 .laro6 1 el happening 2e(ti3o 1 %e(e(tr$.t$ra%o %e lo( n$e3o( mo3imiento( (o.iale( re.$/era a:$8 la legitimi%a% 1 el tono %e la l$.ha %e .la(e( :$e (8 /are.e .ontar .on la a/ro)a.i0n %el a$tor (D(e /a(a %e la l$.ha %e lo( 3e.ino(-o)rero(6 .omo o)rero( MNO a la l$.ha %e lo( 3e.ino(-o)rero(6 .omo 3e.ino(E6 /& !2)& INo(talgia %e la re3ol$.i0n6 :$iz5J

*on.l$(i0n: %e .i$%a%e( 1 mito(

'a -ltima 3$elta %e t$er.a& Ni el e(tr$.t$rali(mo %e lo( role( inel$%i)le( :$e %e(ta/an la il$(i0n (it$a.ioni(ta6 ni el o)4eti3i(mo hi(tori.i(ta %e la e;.l$(i0n 1 la l$.ha %e .la(e(6 ni la e.olog8a %el territorio 1 la heterogenei%a% (o.ial@ el e(/a.io /-)li.o6 .omo antonoma(ia %e la 3i%a $r)ana6 (e re($el3e 2inalmente en la a/ela.i0n al imaginario6 a la( re/re(enta.ione( .ole.ti3a( :$e Dno (on en D$rFheim $n e(/e4o %e la reali%a% (o.ial6 (ino la reali%a% (o.ial6 %e(3ela%a .omo .on(tr$.to .on(tr$i%oE (/& "")& D=o%o .i$%a%ano e( en reali%a% $n mito%ano6 el ha)itante %e $n mitoE (/& 105)& #5( all5 %e 3ol-mene(6 re%e(6 (egmento( e in(tit$.ione(6 a2irma el a$tor6 la .i$%a% (e 3i($aliza .omo D$n .am/o %e (igni2i.a.ione(E (/& " ) en .ontin$a m$ta.i0n 1 re.on(tr$..i0n6 m5( /r0;imo al leng$a4e /o(tmo%erno %e la in3o.a.i0n6 el ($e7o 1 el %e(eo6 en el :$e emerge Dto%o lo :$e an$n.ia ($ na.imiento@ to%o lo :$e (e niega a morir& Pn mont0n %e re(to(@ lo :$e e(t5 a /$nto %e ($.e%erE (/& 105)& *ierta m$lti2renia ($)1a.e en e(ta mez.la %e orienta.ione( te0ri.a( :$e (e .$e(tionan m$t$amente 1 .on3i3en %e manera( .om/le4a(& L$iz5 (ea la e(:$izo2renia m-lti/le %e n$e(tro tiem/o6 $na </o.a intele.t$al te0ri.a :$e no a.a)a %e al$m)rar(e /or .om/leto6 :$e no a.a)a %e reinter/retar o %e arrin.onar a ($( /re%e.e(ore(6 la %el 2in %e la( i%eolog8a( :$e no (e re(ignan a ($ %e(a/ari.i0n6 la %el (/o(t)o)4eti3i(mo .on2$(o :$e re.ono.e ($ %e)ili%a% 2rente a la( .r8ti.a( /ero re.lama (er /reeminente6 en la :$e lo( gran%e( e;/onente( %el /o%ero(o e(tr$.t$rali(mo6 lo eran tam)i<n %el /o(te(tr$.t$rali(mo :$e (o.a3a ($( .imiento(6 mientra( 1a m$.ho( %eman%an $n m5( all5& Ce.a%o( %e origen no re($elto( :$e e3o.an .a/a( %e an5li(i( en.ontra%a( 1 la ne.e(i%a% %e .ontin$ar la le.t$ra 1 la re2le;i0n (o)re n$e(tra (o.ia)ili%a%6 ahora :$e a/$nta la r$/t$ra .$lt$ral e hi(t0ri.a %e la 2orma $r)ana (*a..iari6 2011@ So4a6 2001)& El li)ro %el /ro2e(or Delga%o e( $na magn82i.a o/ort$ni%a% :$e re.omien%o a to%o( /ara :$e am/l8en ($( /ro/io( /lanteamiento( 1 %i(2r$ten %el 3aria%o /anorama .on.e/t$al %e la teor8a (o.ial $r)ana&

Referencas
A$g<6 #ar. (1"",)& Los no lugares espacios del anonimato. +ar.elona: Ae%i(a& na antropologa de la sobremodernidad &

245

Re(e7a %e Delga%o (2011) El e(/a.io /-)li.o .omo i%eolog8a

*a..iari6 #a((imo (2011)& La ciudad& +ar.elona: A$(ta3o Aili& Del2ante6 *harle( (2006)& !ran historia de la ciudad. "e #esopotamia a Estados nidos& #a%ri%: A%a)a& Delga%o6 #an$el (2004)& 'a no-.i$%a% .omo .i$%a% a)(ol$ta& En ?<li; %e Az-a6 ?<li; D$:$e6 '$i( ?ern5n%ez-Aaliano6 E%$ar%o #en%oza6 Ra2ael #oneo6 #an$el Delga%o6 Bi.ente Ber%- (E%(&)6 La ar$uitectura de la no%ciudad (//& 12,-15,)& Cam/lona: Pni3er(i%a% C-)li.a %e Na3arra& Delga%o6 #an$el (20116 21 %e ma1o)& &'m( El peligro ciudadanista. E;tra8%o el 10 %e %i.iem)re %e 20116 %e htt/:GGman$el%elga%or$iz&)log(/ot&.omG2011G05Gel-/eligro-.i$%a%ani(ta-inter3en.ion-en&html ?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez6 +alta(ar (2010)& El .onte;to /(i.ol0gi.o %e la .i$%a% .ontem/or5nea& )syecology6 &(2)6 1-!& Aar.8a B5z:$ez6 *arlo( (2004)& *iudad ho+aldre. ,isiones urbanas del siglo --.& +ar.elona: A$(ta3o Aili& Aar2inFel6 Karol% (2006)& Estudios en etnometodologa& +ar.elona: Anthro/o(& Ao22man6 Er3ing (1" ,)& Estigma. La identidad deteriorada& +$eno( Aire(: Amorrort$& H7ig$ez6 '$/i.inio (2006)& El leng$a4e en la( .ien.ia( (o.iale(: 2$n%amento(6 .on.e/to( 1 mo%elo(& En '$/i.inio I7ig$ez (E%&)6 /n0lisis del discurso. #anual para las ciencias sociales (//& 4 -! )& +ar.elona: P9*& #$7oz6 ?ran.e(. (200!)& rbanalizacin. )aisa+es comunes1 lugares globales& +ar.elona: A$(ta3o Aili&

So4a6 E%Qar% R& (2001)& )ostmetropolis. *ritical 2tudies of cities and regions & 9;2or%6 PS: +la.FQell& =a1lor6 Ral/h +& (1"!!)& 3uman 4erritorial 5unctioning& NeQ TorF: *am)ri%ge Pni3er(it1 Cre(( Bi3a(6 Ce/@ I(a)el Celli.er6 1 U(.ar '0/ez (200!)& *i$%a%6 te.nolog8a 1 mo3ili%a%: e(/a.io( %e (o.ia)ili%a% tran(itoria& En +alta(ar ?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez 1 =ome$ Bi%al (E%(&)6 )sicologa de la *iudad. "ebate sobre el espacio urbano (//& 12"-1,6)& +ar.elona: E%itorial P9*&

Formato de citacin
?ern5n%ez-Ram8rez6 +alta(ar (2012)& Re(e7a El e(/a.io /-)li.o .omo i%eolog8a& /thenea "igital6 &6(1)6 241-246& Di(/oni)le en htt/:GG/(i.ologia(o.ial&$a)&e(GatheneaGin%e;&/h/GatheneaDigitalGarti.leG3ieQG?ernan%ez

E(te te;to e(t5 /rotegi%o /or $na li.en.ia *reative *ommons. P(te% e( li)re %e .o/iar6 %i(tri)$ir 1 .om$ni.ar /-)li.amente la o)ra )a4o la( (ig$iente( .on%i.ione(: Reconocimiento: De)e re.ono.er 1 .itar al a$tor original& No comercial& No /$e%e $tilizar e(ta o)ra /ara 2ine( .omer.iale(& Sin obras derivadas& No (e /$e%e alterar6 tran(2ormar6 o generar $na o)ra %eri3a%a a /artir %e e(ta o)ra& 7esumen de licencia - =e;to .om/leto %e la li.en.ia

246