Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Space experiments of PMOD/WRC to measure the solar constant and the influence of the solar irradiance on the terrestrial climate
Werner Schmutz PMOD/WRC

ISPMSRS'07 12-14 March 2007 Davos, Switzerland

PMOD 1907-2007 WRC since 1971

Two activities:

Research
Energy balance and influence of radiation on the terrestrial climate
3/4 Green house effect 3/4 Sun-Earth connection
12.3.2007

Overview

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Overview

Past observations of the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) and the TSI-composite Why irradiance measurements Why continue to measure TSI Future irradiance observations

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Absolutely calibrated TSI observations

TIM/SORCE
2003 -

Overview

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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

A side note: Need for improved Quality Assurance!

Difficulties:
-

Bias bt
M I S , MODS A .

BIP - Instrmens change WMO are proposing M t / on launch and degrade n meeting in 2008 and ing a c and prepar debate y in2 0 0 9 dedic a t e d t o c a l i b r a t i o n e e n t orbi ( g a i n and traceability problems No consistent st andor
g

ex

T e ?

confidence.

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Courtesy of Nigel Fox

Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- & Helio- Studies Mission proposal: TRUTHS
Nigel Fox NPL
Nigel.Fox@npl.co.uk James Aiken John Barnett Steve Groom Jo Haigh Kieffer USGS Judith Lean John Martin
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David Pollock Mike Sandford

U of Alab. RAL

Plym Mar Lab Ox univ. Plym Mar Lab Imp Coll

Michael Schaepman U of Zur Werner Schmutz PMOD/WRC Keith Shine Phil Teillet Kurtis Thome Terry Quinn Michel Verstraete Uni of Read CCRS U of Ariz BIPM JRC(Italy)

Xavier Briottet ONERA

Claus Frohlich PMOD/WRC Olivier Hagolle CNES Hugh

Theo Theocharous NPL

NRL NPL

Emma Woolliams NPL Ed Zalewski U of Ariz

Overview

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

TSI including TIM/SORCE

Absolute measurements cannot be used to construct a long-term record Merge to a relative composite

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TSI comparisons of different composites

Different composites predict different long-term trends:

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Courtesy of Claus Frhlich

Overview

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Why irradiance measurements? Rozano E Eg a sip h ef re dto M tg t is

iession mulationMS020 of the p temperature S respose to220 the n soar rradiance UV 's (Ly and m Herzberg band) rradiance Solar Activity and its Influences on the Earth varibility during (IRC) sun rotatio We ather and Climae Influence of the short-term (da
re

Spc Weath On short term

IUGG 2007:

Space Climate: Long term rcord of the Solr Irradince On long term, it is not known wh at domin ates, secular hang f Total Solr Irradiance or
m pos it i o n of he u p p t th spectrl (UV) variation propagation to the tropos But: although UV variations are much larger (up to climate Influence of the long-term variations on the chem

100%) all spectral variations are highly correlated to TSI variations

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What is the influence of the Sun on the climate?

Overview

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Graphics: Dr. J. Beer EAWAG, Switzerland

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Climate Anomalies versus solar influence

River Thames in London 1813/1814

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Predicted long-term trend of TSI 100 years

Different educated guesses!

Overview

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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Predicted long-term trend of TSI 400 years

Different edu guesses!

Suspected secular change of TSI needs to be confirmed observationally

ted

4 requires long term observation of several decades!

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Three minima in the latest (August 2006) version of the PMOD-composite

It is essential to design the irradiance measurements at the owe than the previus Th th ii t i thi t highest possible accuracy! 2
T prn m 015 W/m2 (= 0 ppm

Solution: twin instrument experiment as VIRGO on SoHO

within 0.08 W/m (0006% or 60
p p p

and PREMOS+SOVAP on PICARD

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http:www.pmodwrc.ch follow the links: 4 projects 4 Solar Constant / Solar Irradiance

Overview

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

VIRGO/SoHO:

operational since 1996 Two absolute radiometers: - PMO6V (A & B) - DIARAD (L & R) Precision Filter Radiometer (blue, green, red) Image of the Sun in the green light in low resolution (12 pixels): 1 minute sampling ___________

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SoHO launch 2. December 1995

DIARAD PMO6 SPM

LOI

VIRGO instruments

Future TSI experiments

3/4 GLORY (USA: no launch date ready to

be used as gap-filler)
3/4 SOVIM/ISS and 3/4 PREMOS+SOVAP/PICARD

approved TSI experiments of PMOD/WRC

3/4 RAD/KuaFu-A only future TSI experiment

presently being considered

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Overview

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Space experiments are being built in house at PMOD/WRC

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Space experiments of PMOD/WRC

today

Overview

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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

PICARD (PI G. Thuillier) PREMOS SOVAP SODISM

Filter Radiometers Total Solar Irradiance

Total Solar Irradiance observations until 2012

ACRIM III 2000 - ? VIRGO/SOHO 1996 TIM/SORCE 2003

2009 (+? - 2008 - (?)

SOVIM/ISS 2008 2009 ? PREMOS/PICARD 2009 2011 SOVAP/PICARD (SDO 2008-2012 has no TSI instrument) NPOESS 012 National P ig Operational Environmental tellite System may have TSI t but are planned o start not earlier than 2009 (?), more liky as 201
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Overview

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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Total Solar Irradiance observations until 2012

ACRIM III 2000 - ? VIRGO/SOHO 1996 2007 2009 TIM/SORCE 2003 2008 - (GLORY?) SOVIM/ISS PREMOS-TSI/PICARD SOVAP/PICARD 2007 - 2009 ? 2009 2013

(SDO 2008-2012 has no TSI instrument) KuaFu-A irradiance measurement experiment comprising: 2012 -

SIM = Solar Irradiance Monitor (CN: PI Daren Lu) DOR = Davos Observatory Radiometer (CH: Werner Schmutz)
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Conclusions
Short-term irradiance variations (days) are closely related to variations of the chemical composition of the upper atmosphere space weather: operational monitoring of TSI Long-term irradiance variations (tens to thousands of years) are probably (!) related to climate variations space climate: secular long term change of TSI TSI observations are most likely continuous and overlapping until about 2012 RAD/KuaFu-A would be a matching continuation

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Overview

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Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos

Thank you for your attention!

Integration of LYRA on PROBA2 5.3.2007

Overview

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