OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

Oil Platform:
This is a large structure with facilities to drill wells, to produce and process oil and natural gas, and to store the processed fluids. temporarily

Some platforms may contain housing units for the crew accommodation
Structural frame analysis, environmental load predictions, transportation analyses, and installation procedures are important considerations during the construction stages of an offshore structure design and

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Classifications of Oil Platforms
Fixed platforms
Manned and Unmanned platforms Monopod and Tripod platforms

Jack-up Semi-submersible

Compliant towers
Guyed towers Tension-leg platforms

Floating production systems Gravity-based structure Spar platforms

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Fixed Platforms
Built on concrete or steel legs or both. Anchored directly onto the seabed Designed for long term use

Installed in water depths up to 1700ft

Handles production up to 50,000Bbl/d Types include:
Steel jackets: vertical sections consist of tubular steel components usually piled into the seabed Concrete caissons: In-built storage tanks used as a floatation capability

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

VIDEO SHOW

JACKET LAUNCHING

&
OFFSHORE PLATFORMS

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Manned platform Unmanned platform (Toadstools)

Small platforms designed to be remotely operated Shallow waters

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Monopod oil platform

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Tripod oil platforms

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Jack-up rigs
Self-elevating unit capable of raising its hull above sea (water) level Design to move from one place to another Legs are deployed to the seabed using a rack and pinion gear system on each leg to anchor Typically used in water depths up to 500ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Jack-up rigs

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Semi-submersible platforms
They have hulls (columns and pontoons) of sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to flow, and sufficient weight to keep it upright Partially submerged and movable Can be ballasted up or down (i.e.

buoyancy tanks)

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Semi-submersible platforms (Cont.)
Anchored by combinations of chain, wire rope or polyester rope, or both. Stabilized by anchoring and ballasting Can also be positioned by using dynamic positioning Water Depth: 200 10,000ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Compliant (Guyed) Towers
Based on compliancy principle (Non-rigid) Similar to fixed platforms (Tower-wise) Consist of a narrow flexible tower attached to a (pile) foundation on the seafloor Able to absorb effect of high cyclic wave force Designed for deep-water Depth: 1,200 - 3,000ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Compliant (Tension-leg) Towers
Also based on compliancy principle.

Tethered to the seabed to eliminate

vertical movement of the structure Conventional 4-column design looks similar to a semi-submersible Depth: up to 7000ft Proprietary versions(Seastar and MOSES mini TLPs) are cheaper and used in water depth between 600-4,300ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Floating production systems
Large ships of varying offshore

operations applications: FSU, FSO,

FPSO FPSOs consist of large monohull

structures equipped with processing

facilities They are moored to a location for

long duration
Water depth: 650 6,500ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Gravity-based structure
GBS can be steel or concrete anchored directly onto the seabed Installed by pulling off the yard, by either wet-tow and/or drytow, and self-installing by controlled ballasting of the compartments with sea water

Concrete gravity structures can handle production up to

200,000Bbl/D

Largest GBS (Hibernia) has storage capacity of 1.3MMBbls

Steel GPSs are used when there is limited availability of crane

barges to install a conventional fixed offshore platform

Water depth limitation around 700ft

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Spar platforms
Moored to the seabed like TLPs While a TLP has vertical tension tethers, a spar has more conventional mooring lines More stable than the TLPs There are three (3) design configurations:
Conventional spar Truss spar Cell spar

Water depth: Floats in depth up to 8,000ft Worlds deepest platform built at a cost of

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Spar platforms (Cont.)

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Integrated Development Systems
System design covers all aspects of: Topsides (structures and process) Hull Mooring system Riser system Subsea components Expensive anywhere from $300M to $2B Design must cover all aspects of system life including installation and decommissioning

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Primary Drivers for Deep-water FPUs
Water depth Payload Production Characteristics Well Access Requirements Availability of Infrastructure & Market location Platform drilling, predrilling vs. post drilling Gas Disposal Requirements Local Content Requirements Field Life Metocean (meteorology & oceanography) Conditions.

Questions?

THANK YOU

THANK YOU
2012 INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PETRONAS SDN BHD All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright owner.