Olson Chapter 3

PHY 121

homework 3

1. In diving to a depth of 750 m, an elephant seal also moves 460 m due east of his starting point. What is the magnitude of the seals displacement?

7502 + 4602 = 880 m 3. A mountain-climbing expedition establishes two intermediate camps, labeled A and B in the drawing, above the base camp. What is the magnitude r of the displacement between camp A and camp B ?

The displacement is given by r = (x, y ) where x is dierence in the x positions of the camps and y is the dierence in the y positions of the camps. x = 19600 11200 = 8400 m y = 4900 3200 = 1700 m So r = (8400, 1700) m. r = |r| = 84002 + 17002 = 8570 m

5. A jetliner is moving at a speed of 245 m/s. The vertical component of the planes velocity is 40.6 m/s. Determine the magnitude of the horizontal component of the planes velocity. 245 m/s 40.6 m/s vx
2 vx + 40.62 = 2452

vx =

2452 40.62 = 242 m/s

7. A dolphin leaps out of the water at an angle of 35 above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the dolphins velocity is 7.7 m/s. Find the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity.

vy 35 7.7 m/s tan 35 = vy 7.7

vy = 7.7 tan 35 = 5.4 m/s 8. A skateboarder, starting from rest, rolls down a 12.0-m ramp. When she arrives at the bottom of the ramp her speed is 7.70 m/s. (a) Determine the magnitude of her acceleration, assumed to be constant. (b) If the ramp is inclined at 25.0 with respect to the ground, what is the component of her acceleration that is parallel to the ground?
2 Using the equation v 2 = v0 + 2ax we get 2 v 2 v0 7.702 0 = = 2.47 m/s2 2x 2(12.0)

a=

ax = 2.47 cos 25.0 = 2.24 m/s2 9. In a mall, a shopper rides up an escalator between oors. At the top of the escalator, the shopper turns right and walks 9.00 m to a store. The magnitude of the shoppers displacement from the bottom of the escalator is 16.0 m. the vertical distance between the oors is 6.00 m. At what angle is the escalator inclined above the horizontal? First we will nd x the horizontal displacement of the escalator. x2 + 6.002 + 9.002 = 16.0 2

x2 + 6.002 + 9.002 = 16.02

x=

16.02 6.002 9.002 = 11.79 m

So the angle of the escalator is given by the equation tan = 6.00 11.79

= tan1

6.00 = 27.0 11.79

13. A tennis ball is struck such that it leaves the racket horizontally with a speed of 28.0 m/s. The ball hits the court at a horizontal distance of 19.6 m from the racket. What is the height of the tennis ball when it leaves the racket? From the equation x = vx t we get t+ 19.6 x = = 0.700 s vx 28.0

y=

1 2 1 gt = (9.80)(0.700)2 = 2.40 m 2 2

15. A golf ball rolls o a horizontal cli with an initial speed of 11.4 m/s. The ball falls a vertical distance of 15.5 m into a lake below. (a) How much time does the ball spend in the air? (b) What is the speed v of the ball just before it strikes the water?
1 2 From the equation y = 2 gt we have

t=

2y = g

2(15.5) = 1.779 = 1.78 s 9.80

vy = gt = (9.80)(1.779) = 17.43 m/s

v=

2 + v2 = vx y

11.42 + 17.432 = 20.8 m/s 3

19. The acceleration due to gravity on the moon has a magnitude of 1.62 m/s2 . On the moon, a placekicker kicks a football at an angle of = 40.0 above the horizontal axis. The initial speed of the ball is v0 = 22 m/s. Find (a) the maximum height H and (b) the range that the ball attains.

The initial y velocity is v0y = 22 sin 40 = 14.1 m/s The equation for the y velocity is vy = V0y + ay t = 14.1 1.62t When the ball is at the maximum height, the y velocity will be zero. 0 = 14.1 1.62t t = 8.70 s The maximum height is 1 1 y = v0y t + ay t2 = (14.1)(8.70) + (1.62)(8.70)2 = 61 m 2 2 The x velocity is vx = v0x = 22 cos 40 = 16.9 m/s The ball is at its maximum x distance (the range) when y = 0. 1 y = v0y t + ay t2 2 1 0 = 14.1t + (1.62)t2 2 1 0 = 14.1 1.62t 2 4

t = 17.4 s The range of the ball is x = vx t = (16.9)(17.4) = 290 m 20. Michael Jordan, formerly of the Chicago Bulls basketball team, has some fanatic fans. They claim that he is able to jump and remain in the air for two full seconds from launch to landing. Evaluate this claim by calculating the maximum height that such a jump would attain. For comparison, Jordans maximum jump height has been estimated at about one meter. Consider half of the jump from the highest point back to the oor. y= 1 2 1 ay t = (9.80)(1)2 = 4.9 m 2 2

21. A re hose ejects a stream of water at an angle of 35 above the horizontal. The water leaves the nozzle with a speed of 25.0 m/s. Assuming that the water behaves like a projectile, how far from a building should the re hose be located to hit the highest possible re? The components of the initial velocity are v0y = 25.0 sin 35 = 14.34 m/s v0x = 25.0 cos 35 = 20.48 m/s The water is at maximum height when vy = 0. vy = v0y + ay t

0 = 14.34 9.8t t = 1.463 s The x distance from the hose to the point of maximum height is x = vx t = (20.48)(1.463) = 30.0 m 5

23. On a distant planet, golf is just as popular as it is on earth. A golfer tees o and drives the ball 3.5 times as far as he would have on earth, given the same initial velocities on both planets. The ball is launched at a speed of 45 m/s at an angle of 29 above the horizontal. When the ball lands, it is at the same level as the tee. On the distant planet, what is (a) the maximum height and (b) the range of the ball? Since the ball traveled 3.5 times farther, the time of ight must be 3.5 times longer. On earth v0y = 45 sin 29 = 21.8 m/s The ball is at its maximum height when vy = 0. vy = v0y + ay t

0 = 21.8 9.8t t = 2.22 s On distant planet The time at maximum height is 3.5 times greater. t = (3.5)(2.22) = 7.77 s From the equation vy = v0y + ay t we have 0 = 21.8 + ay 7.77 ay = 2.80 m/s2 The maximum height is 1 1 y = v0y t + ay t2 = (21.8)(7.77) + (2.80)(7.77)2 = 85 m 2 2 The x velocity is vx = 45 cos 29 = 39.4 m/s. The maximum x distance occurs when y = 0. 1 y = v0y t + ay t2 2 6

1 0 = 21.8t + (2.80)t2 2 1 0 = 21.8 + (2.80)t 2 t = 15.6 s The maximum x distance is x = vx t = (39.4)(15.6) = 610 m

25. An eagle is ying horizontally at 6.0 m/s with a sh in its claws. It accidentally drops the sh. (a) How much time passes before the shs speed doubles? (b) How much additional time would be required for the shs speed to double again? The x component of the shs velocity is vx = 6.0 m/s. The y component is vy = ay t = 9.8t. The speed of the sh is v = be 12 m/s.
2 + v2 = vx y

6.02 + (9.8t)2 . We want the speed to

12 =

6.02 + (9.8t)2

122 = 6.02 + (9.8t)2 t2 = 1.125

t=

1.125 = 1.06 = 1.1 s

When the speed doubles again it will be 24 m/s. 24 = 6.02 + (9.8t)2 t2 = 5.623

t = 2.37 s 7

The additional time is 2.37 1.06 = 1.31 = 1.3 s 27. A motorcycle daredevil is attempting to jump across as many buses as possible (see the drawing). The takeo ramp makes an angle of 18.0 above the horizontal, and the landing ramp is identical to the takeo ramp. The buses are parked side by side, and each bus is 2.74 m wide. The cyclist leaves the ramp with a speed of 33.5 m/s. What is the maximum number of buses over which the cyclist can jump?

v0x = 33.5 cos 18 = 31.86 m s voy = 33.5 sin 18 = 10.35 m s

2 Use: y = v0y t + 1 2 ay t

0 = 10.35t 4.90t2 4.90t2 = 10.35t 4.90t = 10.35 t= (if t = 0) 10.35 = 2.112 s 4.90 x = v0x t = 31.86(2.112) = 67.30 m 67.30 m = 24 buses 2.74 m 29. A hot-air balloon is rising straight up with a speed of 3.0 m/s. A ballast bag is released from rest relative to the balloon when it is 9.5 m above the ground. How much time elapses before the ballast bag hits the ground?
2 Use: y = v0y t + 1 2 ay t

9.5 = 3.0t 4.90t2 4.90t2 3.0t 9.5 = 0 t= 3.0 + 3.02 + 4(4.90)(9.5) = 1.7 s 2(4.90

35. A soccer player kicks the ball toward a goal that is 16.8 m in front of him. The ball leaves his foot a speed of 16.0 m/s and an angle of 28.0 above the ground. Find speed of the ball when the goalie catches it in front of the net. 8

v0x = 16.0 cos 28.0 = 14.13 m/s v0y = 16.0 sin 28.0 = 7.512 m/s From the equation x = vx t, we nd the time the ball takes to reach the goal. t= The nal y velocity is vy = v0y + ay t = 7.512 9.80(1.189) = 4.140 m/s The nal speed of the ball is v=
2 + v 2 = 14.7 m/s vx y

16.8 x = = 1.189 s vx 14.13

37. From the top of a cli overlooking a lake, a person throws two stones. The two stones have identical initial speeds of v0 = 13.0 m/s and are thrown at an angle = 30.0 , one below the horizontal and one above the horizontal. What is the distance between the points where the stones strike the surface of the lake?

When stone 2 reaches the horizontal dotted line, it follows a path similar to that of stone 1. The horizontal dierence for stone 1 and stone 2 is the horizontal distance traveled by stone 2 while above the dotted line. Letting the dotted line correspond to y = 0, we will nd the x displacement of stone 2 while above the dotted line. v0y = 13.0 sin 30 = 6.5 m/s v0x = 13.0 cos 30 = 11.26 m/s First, nd the time it takes for stone 2 to reach the dotted line. 1 y = v0y t + ay t2 2 9

0 = 6.5t 4.90t2 0 = 6.5 4.90t t = 1.327 s The x distance is x = vx t = (11.26)(1.327) = 14.9 m

39. After leaving the end ski ramp, a ski jumper lands downhill at a point that is displaced 51.0 m horizontally from the end of the ramp. His velocity, just before landing, is 23.0 m/s and points in a direction 43.0 below the horizontal. Neglecting air resistance and any lift he experiences while airborne, nd his initial velocity (magnitude and direction) when he left the end of the ramp. Express the direction as angle relative to the horizontal. The components of the nal velocity are vx = 23.0 cos 43.0 = 16.82 m/s vy = 23.0 sin 43.0 = 15.69 m/s From the equation x = vx t, we solve for t. t= x 51.0 = = 3.032 s vx 16.82

From the equation vy = v0y + ay t, we get the initial y velocity. v0y = vy ay t = 15.69 (9.80)(3.032) = 14.02 m/s So the initial velocity is v0y = (16.82, 14.02) m/s The magnitude of the initial velocity is v0 = 16.822 + 14.022 = 21.9 m/s 10

The angle of the initial velocity is = tan1 14.02 = 39.8 above the horizontal 16.82

61. The punter on a football team tries to kick a football so that it stays in the air for a long hang time. If the ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 25.0 m/s at an angle of 60.0 above the ground, what is the hang time? The y component of the initial velocity is v0y = 25.0 sin 60 = 21.65 m/s
2 To nd the time that the ball is o the ground, we set y = 0 in the equation y = v0y t+ 1 2 ay t .

1 0 = 21.65t + (9.80)t2 2 1 0 = 21.65 + (9.80)t 2 t = 4.42 s

63. An airplane is moving horizontally with a constant velocity of +230 m/s at an altitude of 1050 m. The plane releases a care package that falls to the ground along a curved trajectory. Ignoring air resistance, determine the time required for the package to hit the ground.
1 From the equation y = 2 ay t2 , we get

t=

2y = ay

2(1050) = 14.6 s 9.80

11