REASONING AND PROOF Conditionals are if then statements.

. Hypothesis if statements Conclusion Then statements Converse conditionals by interchanging hypothesis and conclusions. Axioms axioms statements that assumed to be true. Proof logical reasoning from hypothesis to conclusions. KINDS OF REASONING Deductive Reasoning kinds of reasoning from general to the particular statements. Inductive Reasoning - Method of forming generalizations from particular cases by observing data and recognizing patterns. ANGLES FORMED BY PARALLEL LINES CUT BY TRANSVERSAL Parallel Lines Two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect Transversal - a line intersecting two or more lines at different points. If two parallel lines cut by transversal, then Corresponding angles are congruent Alternate interior angles are congruent Alternate exterior angles are congruent Interior angles on the same side of transversal are supplementary Exterior angles on the same side of transversal are supplementary Vertical angles are congruent. RELATIONS AMONG PARTS OF A TRIANGLE The sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 180 . The sum of two remote interior angles is equal to measure of exterior angle of a triangle. Possible sides of triangle the sum of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the measure of the third side. (ex. 4,9, 11: (4+911 , 1311) Possible sides of a right triangle (Pythagorean Theorem) the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides of a right triangle; . Possible sides of a obtuse triangle the square of the hypotenuse is greater to the sum of the squares of the other two sides of a right triangle; .

Possible sides of a acute triangle the square of the hypotenuse is lesser to the sum of the squares of the other two sides of a right triangle; . The smaller angle the shorter the length of its opposite sides and the larger the angle the longer the length of its opposite side. TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE

Conditions for Triangle Congruence Congruent Triangles Two triangles are congruent if and only if their vertices can be paired so that corresponding sides are congruent and corresponding angles are congruent. Example:

Corresponding vertices A D B E C F

Corresponding angles

Corresponding sides

Corresponding parts congruent. (CPCTC)

of

congruent

triangles

are

Properties of Congruence 1. Reflexive Property AB = AB , 2. Transitive Property If 3. Symmetric Property AB = CD then CD = AB then A

then

TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE POSTULATE 1. SSS Congruence Postulate If three sides of a triangle is congruent respectively to the three sides of another triangle then two triangles are congruent. 2. SAS Congruence Postulate If two sides and an included angle of a triangle is congruent respectively to the two sides and an included angle of another triangle then two triangles are congruent. 3. ASA Congruence Postulate If two angles and included side of a triangle is congruent respectively to the two angles and included

side of another triangle then two triangles are congruent. 4. SAA Congruence Postulate If two angles and non included sides of a triangle is congruent respectively to the two angles and non included side of another triangle then two triangles are congruent. CONGRUENCE OF RIGHT TRIANGLES

SIMILARITY Ratio comparison of two quantities Proportion equality of two ratios. Geometric Mean the square root of the product of two numbers.

Practice Exercise: 1. LL Congruence Theorem If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another triangle then the right triangles are congruent. 2. LA Congruence Theorem If the leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the leg and an acute angle of another triangle then the right triangles are congruent. 3. HyL Congruence Theorem If the hypotenuse and leg of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and leg of another triangle then the right triangles are congruent. 4. HyA Congruence Theorem If the hypotenuse and acute angle of one right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and acute angle of another triangle then the right triangles are congruent. THE QUADRILATERALS Quadrilaterals a polygon with four sides. Convex quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect. Concave quadrilateral whose diagonals do not intersect. Kinds of Quadrilaterals Trapeziod one pair of parallel sides. Median segment connecting the midpoints of the legs of the trapezoid. Parallelogram two pairs of parallel sides. Square all sides and angles are congruent, - Regular quadrilateral - Parallelogram that is both equilateral and equiangular Rectangle opposite sides are congruent and all angles are right. Rhombus all sides are congruent and opposite sides are congruent. Properties of Parallelogram Opposite angles are congruent Two consecutive angles are supplementary Two opposite are congruent Diagonals bisect each other.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Find the measure of the following angles. 1 6. b 2 7. c 4 8. d 5 9. e a