Varun Rajagopal Block 1 9/19/13 Excused Absence Bye Sheet (150-164 & Quiz Missed: 9/13) 1.

The Enlightenment had a very profound effect on the colonies. America fit the Enlightenment perfectly because the people valued the use of the mind and setting themselves apart from the old Europe they came from. (150) 2. Benjamin Franklin was a printer in Philadelphia and was a man influenced greatly by science. He was a skeptic of many Christian values and was seen to be a Deist, new to American society. (151) 3. Education in the north of the colonies was very different from that of the south; many of the northerners were literate and were encouraged to be schooled, while only a small number of people in the south (who needed to have money and land) got an education. Education and specifically reading in New England was especially encouraged by the Puritans as they encouraged everyone to be able to read the Bible. (152) 4. Jonathan Edwards, a Congregationalist in Northampton, Massachusetts claimed that many people were indulging in sinful actions such as drinking. He also saw the town at a low in religious practices so he reinvigorated the people of the town and told many of how much better heaven was than hell; this led people to listen to him and become more religious. (154) 5. George Whitefield, an English minister, enthralled audiences wherever he spoke and encouraged Christians to experience a rebirth. Even a Deist Benjamin Franklin was amazed at how influential Whitefield was. (155-156) 6. Sarah Osborne, a Rhode Island woman, organized a womens prayer group in her home. Eventually men and women gathered in her house to praise the Lord. (156) 7. The Great Awakening was a new way of practicing Christianity and being religious. The Awakening undermined the established church and the clergy. (158) 8. The Navigation Acts of 1660 set by Charles II said that of the ships must have English people and many goods must be shipped to only English areas. Then in 1663, all imports from Europe must stop in England before coming to America. (164) 9. Often evangelists saw convulsions and fits from women during speeches as a way that the Holy Spirit worked on people. This led many of the preachers to target women. (156) 10. Deists believed that there was a creator who created the Universe to be set by natural laws. However, this Creator or God did not interfere in the universal life. (151)

Benjamin Franklin was one of the greatest Enlightenment thinkers in America. When Benjamin Franklin was a printer in Philadelphia, he published Poor Richards Alamnack about success and happiness. Franklin had also founded a library and an academy, later the University of Pennsylvania. He invented items such as the glass harmonica and the lightning rod. Franklin was one who took reason over religion and actually saw the Christian idea of original sin as unintelligible and was a skeptic of Jesus. He was associated as a Deist and saw God only as a distant clockmaker putting the Universe on its course. He saw science and reason as a hope for the future and hoped people would use rationality as a means to uncover mysteries of the world. Overall, Benjamin Franklin was a very influential and interesting man of the Enlightenment. Benjamin Franklins views have influenced the U.S. greatly over the years as he helped build a country on secularism and reason rather than religion. Franklin was a different kind of person in the 18 th century in that he doubted the church which was very big at the time for reason and knowledge. His ideas helped lead America ultimately to its independence. The Enlightenment had a very large effect on the colonies during the 18 th century. One philosopher, John Locke through his writings claimed that governments were set to represent the people and to protect life, liberty, and property through a social contract. If the government was not protecting these natural rights, then the subjects have the right to rebel. In the sense of the colonies, the English monarchs and Parliament were not protecting and treating the colonists very well. The English were setting taxes without consent of the colonists and forcing fees. This led to the colonists to question authority of the English government. The colonists questioned taxes in the famous quote: no taxation without representation. The Enlightenment and especially John Locke made the colonists aware of what the British were doing to them and that their rights were not being protected fully. The ideas from the Enlightenment were ultimately used to rebel against the British and to form a government that was never seen successful before, being a republic. Overall, the Enlightenment had a very large part in shaping the U.S.

a. Reason and Science - Importance i. Challenged Biblical notion of natural order by depicting a mechanistic universe that could be understood by humans through math clashed with Puritan ideology ii. Natural law governs everything, and can be seen in economics with natural law of supply and demand or in govt as in natural rights no longer explained by just Gods rules iii. Placed premium on new thoughts and observations through reason, and this was very important in America as it affected their thoughts profoundly b. God as Master Clockmaker i. Deistic viewed Creator as remote, uncaring about humans ii. Voltaire God as clockmaker who planned out universe and set it in motion, instilled idea of fate/destiny in Americans and no more God-monopolized views iii. Ben Franklin challenged Biblical view, morality was key to good life vs. theology, lead to religious belief declining [11:27:47 PM] nisarg-gandhi: 1. Impact of the Enlightenment on America a. Reason and Science - Importance i. Challenged Biblical notion of natural order by depicting a mechanistic universe that could be understood by humans through math clashed with Puritan ideology ii. Natural law governs everything, and can be seen in economics with natural law of supply and demand or in govt as in natural rights no longer explained by just Gods rules iii. Placed premium on new thoughts and observations through reason, and this was very important in America as it affected their thoughts profoundly b. God as Master Clockmaker i. Deistic viewed Creator as remote, uncaring about humans ii. Voltaire God as clockmaker who planned out universe and set it in motion, instilled idea of fate/destiny in Americans and no more God-monopolized views iii. Ben Franklin challenged Biblical view, morality was key to good life vs. theology, lead to religious belief declining c. Social Contract in Govt i. John Lockes Two Treatises on Govt, natural rights of life, liberty, property in exchange for consent to be governed this impacted future governmental documents such as the Dec. of Independence ii. Right to Revolt Glorious Rev. of 1688 defended by Locke and similar in America with Ser Andros overthrown, gave colonists a precedent for revolting if social contract was breached by govt.

Salem Withccraft Sexism: women were seen an inferior to men and sinful through Eves actions in the Garden of Eden; seen as temptations to men and distractful; blames because did not fit normal hierarchy of women; often women who were widowed seen as mysterious because inheriting mans possessions; Satanic Political and Social divisions: east versus west divisions; east wealthier and closer to town of Salem where trade occurred; west blames east because along Ipswich Road and economically better off; no belief in coincidences; extreme superstition; some pretended to do witchcraft; 20 civilian deaths; conversation hysteria

Tituba and adolescent boredom: Tituba told stories, teenagers bored leading to blaming game

North vs. South: geographical location encouraged certain industried- North you have fishing and shipbuilding through many many trees and timber and south had many staple crops such as rice and cotton due to river flooding, crops would grow well due to river bank fields and warmer climate; both had trees but not used them for ship mastes and related industries; tar on ships to stop; indentured servants and slaves religion: Puritanism vs Anglicanism, in the north, very orthadox and remained loyal to Bible and valued literacy through Bible; predestination, more open on rebirth; general Protestant principles ; Glorious Rev no more fighting sating Anglicanism as religion in America and now religion dry so complacency among believers education: loyal to Bible and often set by church to read; Mass Bay to sponsor; predestination in north so more open with worship; south still following Anglican church and Racism: White supremacy: European superiority due to advances in science and tech, blacks inferior due to skin color; Africa mystery and Africans perceived as barbaric Slavery: need of labor in the colonies, tribes sold each other, at first both races equal then laws passed and caused legal base for racism; tight control on blacks with fear or rebellion Labor needs: Labor was very scarce in the colonies and people needed to work land, originally servants needed from Britain therefore; patroonships failed Great Awakening: Enlightenment- Deism angered Puritan leaders and led to decline of religious practices; leaders mad because they claimed God created and already planned the world and selected who went to hell and who didnt; many scientific beliefs disputed such as the natural laws running universe; however Christians saw this as invalid and disputed it Deism- caused people to not attend church and evangelists called ministers and parishes incompetent letting them rise up Impact: splits in belief leading to school & American Revolution; individualism encouraged as a spiritual rebirth; emphasis on

Document A

Document B: Tecumseh, Shawnee leader during War of 1812

Let us form one body, one heart, and defend to the last warrior our country, our homes, our liberty, and the graves of our fathers.
Document C: Representative John Randolph in claim to Representative Grundy on Canada

Sir, if you go to war it will not be for the protection of, or defense of, your maritime rights. Gentleman from the North have been taken up to some high mountain and shown all the kingdoms of the Earth; and Canada seems tempting in their sight-that rich vein of Genesee land, which is said to be even greater on the other side of the [Great Lakes] than on this.