PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

RAFEEQ BEGUM,
Lecturer in BOTANY,
Govt. Degree College for Women,
KOLAR.
 INTRODUCTION
 Did you ever had a plant that was so unique or
beautiful that you wished in plenty to enjoy or sell
it.
 Plant Tissue culture is thus a Biological Tool to
protect, improve and safe guard the plants for us.
 Plant Tissue Culture is defined as In –Vitro culture
of plant cell, tissue, organs, seeds on a defined
Nutrient Media under aseptic conditions.
 German Botanist Gottelieb Haberlandt (1902) was
the first to culture isolated fully differentiated cells
in nutrient media and is regarded as “Father of
Tissue Culture”. He put forth the concept of
Totipotency.
Basic Facilities For Tissue Culture

Well equipped laboratory with

• Washing and Storage facility.
• Media preparation, sterilization & storage.
• Transfer area for aseptic manipulation.
• Culture room (Dark/ Light rooms)
• Data collection and documentation facility.
• Attached Green House facility.
 Basic Technique of Tissue Culture
 Selection of Explant- Stem tip, node, meristem,
embryo or seed.
 Sterilization and growing on Culture Media
aseptically.
 Undifferentiated mass of cells- callus formed, is
transferred on to another media for shoot growth
or callus formation or multiple shoots directly
produced.
 Hardening of plant, transfer into
Green house and then into the field.
 MICROPROPOGATION CALLUS

TISSUE CULTURED PLANTLETS

MULTIPLE SHOOT PROLIFERATION

 Important factors to be monitered

• Maintenance of aseptic conditions

• Providing suitable environment for plant
growth.
• Use of specific growth media with growth
harmones.
 Nutrient media & disinfectants
Nutrient Media
MS- Murashige & Skoog`s Media
LS- Linsmares & Skoogs Media.
White`s media, B5, N6 media also used.
 For callus formation Auxins and cytokinins are required.
 Auxin is required for shoot formation/ organogenesis.

Disinfectants
Sodium hypochloride(0.5-5%)
Mercuric chloride (0.1- 1%)
 Applications of tissue Culture
• Small amount of tissue can be used to raise
hundreds of plants in short period.
• High yielding verities of several plants can be
developed at low cost.
• Several commercial products, drugs, secondary
metabolites can be produced in a short duration
• Eradication of virus is outstanding contribution
of tissue culture.
• In vitro pollination help in overcoming
incompatibility barrier.
• Induction of haploidy through anther
culture.
• Protoplast fusion helped in introducing
somatic hybrids.
• Genetic transformation.
• Protection of novel plants.
• Conservation of plants of medicinal
importance, aesthetic value and plants at
verge of extinction.
• Altogether conservation of germplasm.