Writing by:Dr.

Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

The Darod (Somali: Daarood, Arabic

) is a Somali clan. The father of this clan is

named Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, but is more commonly known as Darod. In the Somali language, the word Daarood means "an enclosed compound," a conflation of the two words daar (compound) and ood(place enclosed by wall, trees, woods, fence, etc.). The Darod population in Somalia lives principally in the north, with a presence in Kismayo in addition to the southwestern Gedo region.[1] Outside of Somalia proper, there are various Darod sub-clans in the Ogaden and the North Eastern Province (currently administered by Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively),[1] Several sources, including the Canadian Report of the Somalia Commission of Inquiry, indicate that the Darod is the largest Somali clan.[2][3] However, other sources such as the CIA and Human Rights Watch indicate that the Hawiye is the largest Somali clan.[4][5] Contents [hide]

1 History 2 Dir origin hypothesis 3 Nobility 4 Lineage 5 Sons of Darod Ismail 6 Clan tree 7 Darod's tomb 8 Notable Darod people 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

History

Main article: Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti

Sheikh Darod's tomb in Haylaan,Sanaag, Somalia. According to early Islamic books and Somali tradition, Muhammad ibn Aqil's descendant Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti (Darod), a son of the Sufi Sheikh Isma'il al-Jabarti of the Qadiriyyah order, fled his homeland in the Arabian Peninsula after an argument with his uncle.[6][7] During the 10th or 11th century CE,[8] Abdirahman is believed to have then settled in northern Somalia just across the Red Sea and married Dobira, the daughter of the Dir chief, which is said to have given rise to the Darod clan family.[6] According to the British anthropologist and Somali Studies veteran I.M. Lewis, while the traditions of descent from noble Arab families related to theProphet are most probably expressions of the importance of Islam in Somali society,[9] "there is a strong historically valid component in these legends which, in the case of the Darod, is confirmed in the current practice of a Dir representative officiating at the ceremony of installation of the chief of the Darod family."[10]

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Sheikh Harti's tomb in Qaableh. A similar clan mythology exists for the Isaaq, who are said to have descended from one Sheikh Ishaq ibn Ahmad al-'Alawi, another Banu Hashim who came to Somalia around the same time.[6][8] As with Sheikh Isaaq, there are also numerous existing hagiologies in Arabic which describe Sheikh Darod's travels, works and overall life in northern Somalia, as well as his movements in Arabia before his arrival.[11] Besides historical sources such as Al-Masudi's Aqeeliyoon,[7] a modern manaaqib (a collection of glorious deeds) printed in Cairo in 1945 by Sheikh Ahmad bin Hussen bin Mahammad titled Manaaqib as-Sheikh Ismaa'iil bin Ibraahiim al-

Jabarti also discusses Sheikh Darod and his proposed father Isma'il al-Jabarti, the latter
of whom is reportedly buried in Bab Siham in the Zabid District of western Yemen.[12] Sheikh Darod's own tomb is in Haylaan, situated in the Hadaaftimo Mountains in northern Somalia, and is the scene of frequent pilgrimages.[10] Sheikh Isaaq is buried nearby in Maydh,[13] as is Sheikh Harti, a descendant of Sheikh Darod and the progenitor of the Harti Darod sub-clan, whose tomb lies in the ancient town of Qaableh. Sheikh Darod's mawlid (birthday) is also celebrated every Friday with a public reading of his manaaqib.[12] The Darod were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia; especially the Harti, Marehan and Bartire sub-clans, who fought at Shimbra Kure, among other battles.[14] In his medieval Futuh Al-

Habash documenting this campaign, the chronicler Shihb al-Dn indicates that 300
Harti soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad's Adal Sultanatearmy. He describes them as "famous among the infantry as stolid swordsmen" and "a people not given to yielding".[15] Dir origin hypothesis

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Some anthropologists and historians believe that the Darod clan is wholly of Dir stock based on cultural, linguistic, and historic evidence. The Darod are deemed to represent an ancient branch of the Dir who expanded together with the ancestors of the Isaaq and Northwestern Dir into the semi-arid regions of the Horn after the introduction of camel pastoralism into the region.[16][17][18] Nobility

Main articles: Majeerteen Sultanate, Sultanate of Hobyo, Warsangali Sultanate, and Somali aristocratic and court titles

Mohamoud Ali Shire, the 26th Sultan of the Warsangali Sultanate. The Darod clan has produced numerous noble Somali men and women over the centuries, including many Sultans. Traditionally, the Darod population was mostly concentrated in the northern and northeastern cities on the Gulf of Aden and upper Indian Ocean coast in the Horn of Africa. Darod noble men ruled these settlement pockets until the European colonial powers changed the political dynamics of Somalia during the late 19th century. Before many Darods began pushing southward in the mid-1850s, the Warsangali Sultanate governed the interior regions of Sanaag and Sool, while the Majeerteen Sultanate andSultanate of Hobyo held steadfast in solidly established posts from Bosaso to Hobyo.

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

In addition to their traditional strongholds in northern Somalia, Marehan, Ogaden, and Harti Darod members settled further down south and southwest in theGedo region (a region which was part of Upper Jubba as well as the entire length of the Jubaland region, composed of Gedo, Middle Jubba and Lower Jubba). Lineage Darod is the son of the famous Sufi Sheikh, Ismail bin Ibrahim Al-Jabarti, who is believed to have been born in Arabia. Tradition holds that he is descended from the Banu Hashim.[6] According to the book Aqeeliyoon, his lineage is: Abdirahmaan Bin Ismaa'iil Bin Ibraahim Bin Abdirahmaan Bin Muhammed Bin Abdi Samad Bin Hanbal Bin Mahdi Bin Ahmed Bin Abdallah Bin Muhammed Bin Aqil Bin Abu-Talib Bin Abdul-Mutalib Bin Hashim.[8] Sons of Darod Ismail Darod had five sons:

Ahmed bin Abdirahman: Axmed-Sade Darod Muhammad bin Abdirahman: Maxamed-Kablalax Darod Hussien bin Abdirahman: Xuseen-Tanade Darod Yousuf bin Abdirahman: Yusuuf-Awrtable Darod Eissa bin Abdirahman: Cisse-Isse Darod

Clan tree There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is based upon the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia:

Drivers and Dynamicsfrom 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home

Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[19][20]

Darod (Daarood)

Geri Kombe[21][22][23][24]

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Marehan

Red Dini Rer Hassan Eli Dheere

Kabalah

Absame

Ogaden

Makabul Mohamed Zubeir Aulihan

Jidwaq

Harti

Dhulbahante (Dolbahante) Warsangali (Warsengeli) Majeerteen (Mijerteen)

Omar Mahmud Issa Mahmud Osman Mahmoud (Osman Mahmud)

David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar offer a slightly different table:[25]

Darod (Daarood)

Sade (Marehan)

Rer Diine Rer Siyaad Hussen 'Ele Wagarda Talhe

Yuusuf (Awrtable)

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Tanade (Leelkase) Kabalah

Koombe

Harti

Dhulbahante Warsangali Majeerteen

Bartire Jidwaq

Geri Absguul

Ogaden

In the south central part of Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[26]

Darood

Kablalah

Koobe Kumade

Isse Sade

Mareehan Facaye

Ortoble Leelkase (Lelkase)

In Puntland the World Bank shows the following:[27]

Darod

Harti

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Ogaden

Marehan Awrtable Lelkase

One tradition maintains that Darod had one daughter .[28] Darod's tomb Darod is buried in an old town called Haylaan near Badhan in the northeastern Sanaag region of Somalia. His wife Dobira is buried just outside of the town.

Darod's tomb

Darod's tomb

Dobira's tomb

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Dobira's tomb

Haylaan, former home of Darod and his resting place

Haylaan

Haylaan

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Haylaan Notable Darod people

Abdulqawi Yusuf, Majeerteen, international lawyer; judge at the International Court of Justice

Asli Hassan Abade, Ogaden, first Somali female pilot and prominent member of the Somali Air Force

Zakariye Haji Abdi, Leelkase, former Somali Minister for Post and Telecommunication and leader of the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia

Hassan Abdillahi, Ogaden, founder and President of Ogaal Radio Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle, Ogaden, former Brigadier General in Somali military; former Acting President of Somalia and Acting Speaker of the Federal Parliament of Somalia

Mohammed Sheikh Adden, Marehan, Somali intellectual, former head of Somali Technological Development, Minister of Information, Minister of Education, Marehan, Head of the Ideology Bureau SRRC

Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Majeerteen, former President of Somalia, President of Puntland and leader in the Somali Salvation Democratic Front, and one of the founders of the Puntland State of Somalia and the Somali Salvation Democratic Front.

Abdulrahman Jama Barre, Marehan, Somali Foreign Minister and close relative of Siad Barre

Siad Barre, Marehan, third President of Somalia, 19691991 Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Awrtable, former TNG Prime Minister of Somalia Haji Dirie Hirsi, Awrtable, businessman and leader in the struggle for independence.

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Fatimo Isaak Bihi, Marehan, first Somali female ambassador, Ambassador to Geneva, Director of the African Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Abdi Bile, Dhulbahante, winner of the 1,500 metres at the "1987 World Championships in Athletics"

Faarax Maxamed Jaamac Cawl, Warsangeli, writer Hassan Abshir Farah, Majeerteen, former Mogadishu mayor, Somali ambassador to Japan and later to Germany, interior minister of Puntland, prime minister of Transitional Federal Government from Arta, and current TFG minister of fishing and marine resource

Nuruddin Farah, Ogaden, prominent writer and winner of the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature

Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, Majeerteen, President of Puntland Ali Khalif Galaydh, Dhulbahante, former TNG Prime Minister of Somalia Mohamed Yussuf Haji, Ogaden, Defense Minister of Kenya Ali Matan Hashi, Marehan, first Somali pilot, commander of Somali Airforce 19591978, Minister of Justice, Minister of Health, Somali Nationalist.

Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Ogaden, the Sayyid; religious and nationalist leader of the Dervish State; called the Mad Mullah by the British

Mohammed Haji-Ali Shirwa Warsangeli,Former Colonel in Somali Army and Historian Mohamud Muse Hersi, Majeerteen, former President of Puntland Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Dulbahante, former President of Puntland, Former Vicepresident of Puntland, Former Chairman of USP (United Somali Party) Pan-Somali party. Known for his surpassing integrity, nationalism and fairness.

Aden Ibrahim Aw Hirsi, Marehan, Author, Islamic Jurisprudence/Political Science scholar, governor of Gedo region 2006 - 2008.

Mohamud Hashi Abdi Hoosh, Marehan, Jubba Regional Army Command 1980-1991 Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Majeerteen, Prime Minister of Somalia. Ahmed Farah Ali 'Idaja', Marehan, one of the first Somali language writers and 'father' of the Somali written folklore

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Abdullahi Ahmed Irro, Majeerteen, General in the Somali National Army; led the 60th Division during the Ogaden campaign

Hirsi Magan Isse, Majeerteen, scholar and one of the leaders of the Somalian revolution

Fatima Jibrell, Warsangeli, award-winning environmentalist Osman Yuusuf Keenadiid, Majeerteen, inventor of the Osmanya writing script Yaasiin Cismaan Keenadiid, Majeerteen, author of the Somali Dictionary and founding member of the Somali Youth League Mohammed Awale Liban, Majeerteen, designed the flag of Somalia[29] Farah Maalim, Ogaden, Deputy Speaker in the Parliament of Kenya Amina Mohamed, Dhulbahante, former Chairman of the International Organization for Migration and the World Trade Organisation's General Council, and current Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Kenya

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (Farmajo), Marehan, former Prime Minister of Somalia

Mire Hagi Farah Mohamed, Majeerteen, Somali Finance Minister 2004-2006, and former Mayor Of Kismayo port City

Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, Majeerteen, defence minister beginning of 1990s Mohammed Jibril Musse, Majeerteen, former Chief of Somali National Secret Service, General and later on Police chief of state of Puntland[30]

Said Sheikh Samatar, Leelkase, professor at Rutgers University Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Majeerteen, second President of Somalia, 19671969 Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Majeerteen, former Prime Minister of Somalia, and son of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke, one of the founders of the Somali Youth League and its first leader.

Mohamoud Ali Shire, Warsangeli, Sultan of former "British Somaliland" (18971960) Ahmed Warsame, Marehan, Head of the Somali Military Xasan Xayle, Warsangeli, Somali poet from Las Khorey

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Majeerteen, former Prime Minister of Somalia Abdi Farah Shirdon Saaid, Marehan, incumbent Prime Minister of Somalia

Notes 1. ^ Jump up to:a Collection. 2. Jump up^ "The Situation in Somalia". Report of the Somali Commission of
b

Central Intelligence Agency (2002). Ethnic Groups (Map).

Somalia Summary Map. Retrieved 2012-07-30. Perry-Castaeda Library Map

Inquiry, Vol. 1. Retrieved November 21, 2005.

3. Jump up^ Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Retrieved 2020-06-20 4. Jump up^ Central Intelligence Agency (2002). "Ethnic Groups". Somalia

Summary Map. Retrieved February 15, 2006.

5. Jump up^ Human Rights Watch (1990). "Somalia: Human Rights Developments". Human Rights Watch World Report 1990. Retrieved November 21, 2005. 6. ^ Jump up to:a 7. ^ Jump up to:a Factor 8. ^ Jump up to:a
b c b c d

Rima Berns McGown, Muslims in the diaspora, (University of

Toronto Press: 1999), pp.27-28

b

Islam in Somali History Fact and Fiction revisited , the Arab I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition

(Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22 9. Jump up^ I.M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics

among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Mnster: 1999),
pp.128-129 10. ^ Jump up to:a
b

Lewis, Peoples of the Horn of Africa, p.18-19

11. Jump up^ Roland Anthony Oliver, J. D. Fage, Journal of African history,

Volume 3, (Cambridge University Press.: 1962), p.45

12. ^ Jump up to:a
b

Lewis, A pastoral democracy, p.131.

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

13. Jump up^ I.M. Lewis, "The Somali Conquest of the Horn of Africa", Journal of

African History, 1 (1960), p. 219

14. Jump up^ Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The

conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by

Richard Pankhurst (Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003), pp. 50, 76 15. Jump up^ Shihb al-Dn Amad ibn Abd al-Qdir Arabfaqh, Translated by Paul Stenhouse, Richard Pankhurst (2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th

century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 77.

16. Jump up^ Kusow, A. M. (2004). Putting the Cart before the Horse: Contested Nationalism and the Crisis of the Nation-state in Somalia. 17. Jump up^ Ahmed, A. J. (Ed.). (1995). The invention of Somalia. Red Sea Press (NJ). 18. Jump up^ Ehret, C. (2002). The civilizations of Africa: a history to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 19. Jump up^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 20. Jump up^ Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure, p. 43 21. Jump up^ Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and monthly record ..., Volume 6 page 260-261. By Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain) 22. Jump up^ African tribal Names 23. Jump up^ Ethnographie Nordost-Afrikas ... By Philipp Paulitschke 24. Jump up^ Genealogical Table of Somali Clans 25. Jump up^ Laitin and Samatar, Somalia: Nation in Search of a State (Boulder: Westview, 1987), p. 32 26. Jump up^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2 27. Jump up^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.57 Figure A-3

Writing by:Dr.Ali Mohamed Ali Iye (Ali Kanu)

28. Jump up^ Laurence, Margaret (1970). A Tree for Poverty: Somali Poetry and

Prose. Hamilton: McMaster University. p. 145. ISBN 1-55022-177-9. "Then

Magado, the wife of Ishaak, bore him twin sons, and their names were Ahmed, nick-named Arap, and Ismail, nick-named Gerhajis." 29. Jump up^ History of the flag 30. Jump up^ Somalia Online References

Hunt, John A. (1951). "Chapter IX: Tribes and Their Stock". A General Survey of the

Somaliland Protectorate 19441950. London: Crown Agent for the Colonies.

Accessed on October 7, 2005 (from Civic Webs Virtual Library archive).

Lewis, I.M. (1955). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar, and Saho, Part 1, London: International African Institute. Lewis, I. M. (1961). A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics

among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, reed. Mnster: LIT Verlag, 1999.

"The Somali Ethnic Group and Clan System". Civic Webs Virtual Library, from:

Reunification of the Somali People by Jack L. Davies, Band 160 IEE Working Papers, Institute of Development Research and Development, Ruhr-Universitt Bochum, Bochum, Germany 1996, ISBN 3-927276-46-4, ISSN 0934-6058. Retrieved January
22, 2006.