Deep-Drawing Steels DD, DX and DC: Steels For Complex Forming Requirements

TK Steel
Division Auto Vertrieb/Engineering

Product information Deep-drawing steels Updated: September 2008 Page 1 of 17
TK Steel
Deep-drawing steels DD, DX and DC
Steels for complex forming requirements
Hot rolled Cold rolled
Applications
Deep-drawing steels from ThyssenKrupp Steel offer outstanding forming characteristics and
good resistance to aging. The mechanical properties of the individual deep-drawing grades are
specified by yield strength and tensile strength and by guaranteed minimum elongation values.
In top grades such as the cold rolled DC 06 and DC 07, forming properties are additionally specified
by guaranteed minimum values for vertical anisotropy (r-value) and the work hardening exponent
(n-value).
Examples of uses of hot rolled deep-drawing steels include body and structural parts, chassis
parts and wheel rims. The targeted surface structures and excellent formability of cold rolled
grades make them ideal for the production of complex body outer and inner panels, fenders,
side panel frames, floor panels, spare wheel wells and door outer and inner panels.
ThyssenKrupp Steel offers a wide range of hot rolled and cold rolled deep-drawing steels
on request with high-quality coatings. The use of hot rolled or cold rolled product for a particular
project must be considered on a case-to-cast basis and depends on factors such as required
sheet thickness, surface condition, type of coating and required dimensional tolerances.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
200 300 400 500 700 800 900 600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
FB-W
CP-W
DP-W
PAS
DD
MHZ-W
MS-W
Tensile strength Rm (MPa)
T
o
t
a
l e
lo
n
g
a
t
io
n
(
%
)
* As delivered ** Hot press hardened
*MBW-W
**MBW-W
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
200 300 400 500 700 800 900 600 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
Tensile strength Rm (MPa)
T
o
t
a
l e
lo
n
g
a
t
io
n
(
%
)
* As delivered ** Hot press hardened
CP-K
DP-K
HX
WHZ
MHZ
DC, DX
HSZ
BHZ
**MBW-K
*MBW-K
RA-K
TK Steel
Material characteristics
In addition to advanced steelmaking technologies, ThyssenKrupp Steel has developed and
realized a number of special secondary metallurgy processes to allow the production of
leading-edge deep-drawing steels. For example, the latest vacuum degassing are used to
produce extremely low carbon contents and allow the addition of special alloying elements.
For the unalloyed hot rolled grades, new rolling strategies have been developed to meet
demands for lowest-possible yield strength levels, good cold formability and good aging
resistance.
Deep-drawing steels have a pure ferritic microstructure or consist of a ferritic matrix which
may contain isolated grainy carbides. The grain boundaries and fine carbides are made visible
by Nital etching. The carbides appear black. Klemm color etching brings out the grain surfaces
and coarse carbides. The grain surfaces appear in brown or blue tones and the carbides
remain white.
Technical features
Chemical composition (ladle analysis in %)*
TK Steel
Microstructure of deep-drawing steels. Contrasting by
Nital etching
50 m
Microstructure of deep-drawing steels. Contrasting by
Klemm color etching
50 m
The steel grades DC 06 and DC 07 and DX 54 D to DX 57 D are decarburized, Ti and/or TiNb alloyed IF steels.
Steel grade C Mn P S Ti and/or Nb
max max max max max
DD 11 - 14 0.12 0.60 0.045 0.045 0.30
DX 51 D - DX 57 D 0.12 0.60 0.045 0.045 0.30
DC 01 - DC 07 0.12 0.60 0.045 0.045 0.30
Hot rolled Cold rolled
TK Steel
Technological properties on transverse hot rolled specimens*
Technological properties on transverse cold rolled specimens*
TK Steel
Valid for thickness range 1.5-8.0 mm
Rp0,2/ReL R
m
A
80

% A
80

% A
5

%
Steel grade (MPa) (MPa) Thickness 1.5 -1.99 mm Thickness 2.0 -2.99 mm Thickness 1.5 -1.99 mm
max min min min
DD 11 170 - 340 440 23 24 28
DD 12 170 - 320 420 25 26 30
DD 13 170 - 310 400 28 29 33
DD 14 170 - 290 380 31 32 36

Steel grade
Rp0,2 R
m
A
80

% r
90

n
90

(MPa) (MPa) min min min
DC 01 140 - 280 270 - 410 28
DX 51 D +Z 270 - 500 22
DX 52 D +Z 140 - 300 270 - 420 26
DC 03 140 - 240 270 - 370 34 1.3
DX 53 D +Z 140 - 260 270 - 380 30
DC 04 140 - 210 270 - 350 38 1.6 0.18
DX 54 D +Z 120 - 220 260 - 350 36 1.6 0.18
DC 05 140 - 180 270 - 330 40 1.9 0.20
DX 55 D +AS 140 - 240 270 - 370 30
DX 56 D +Z 120 - 180 260 - 350 39 1.9 0.21
DC 06 120 - 170 270 - 330 41 2.1 0.22
DX 57 D +Z 120 - 170 260 - 350 41 2.1 0.22
DC 07 100 - 160 250 - 310 43 2.5 0.22
Valid for thickness range 0.7-2.0 mm. Higher and lower values for different thicknesses in accordance with the relevant
EN standard.
Narrower property ranges possible after consultation and at extra cost
*
Unless otherwise agreed, the values indicated are binding upon order placement.
TK Steel
TK Steel
Differences depending on coating
Steel grade ZE ZN ZF ZA AS
DC 04
DC 05
DC 06
DC 07
DX 54 D
DX 56 D
DX 57 D
A min 36
r
m
1.4
n
m
0.16
R
e
to 220
A min 38
r
m
1.6
n
m
0.18
R
e
to 190
A min 37
r
m
1.6
n
m
0.19
R
e
to 190
R
m
to 350
A min 37
r
m
1.6
n
m
0.19
R
p
02 to 220
A
80
min 37
n
90
0.17
R
p
02 to 200
A
80
min 39
n
90
0.19
R
p
02 to 180
A
80
min 41
r
90
2,1
n
90
0.21
R
p
02 to 160
A
80
min 43
r
90
2,1
n
90
0.22
A min 34
r
m
1.4
n
1)
A min 37
r
m
1.7
n
m
0.2
A min 39
r
m
1.9
n
m
0.21
A min 34
r
m
1.4
n
1)
r
m
1.7
n
m
0.2
r
m
1.9
n
m
0.21
1)
No change versus DX 54 D +Z
TK Steel
TK Steel
Coating
Deep-drawing steels from ThyssenKrupp Steel are available with the following
high-quality coatings:
Surface quality
Hot rolled deep-drawing steels are supplied in accordance with EN 10111 or based on surface
quality A for cold rolled.
The cold rolled uncoated and electrolytically coated grades are supplied in surface qualities A and
B for inner and outer parts.
The hot-dip coated grades are supplied in surface qualities B and C in finishes M (small spangle)
and R (zinc-iron alloy). A coating weight of 100 g/m
2
is recommended. Higher coating weights are
also available by arrangement for inner parts exposed to particularly corrosive conditions.

Steel grade
Coating
U ZE ZN Z ZF ZA AS KSP
DD 11 S
DD 12 S
DD 13 S
DD 14 S
DX 51 D S
4)
S S S
DX 52 D S
4)
S S S
DX 53 D S
4)
S S S
DX 54 D S S S S
DX 55 D S
DX 56 D S S A S
DX 57 D S A A A
DC 01 S S S S
DC 03 S S S S
DC 04 S S S S
DC 05 S S S S
DC 06 S S S S
DC 07 S S A A
S: Volume production in surface quality A or B (inner parts)
S: Volume production in surface quality B or C (outer skint)
A: On request
4)
Also available as hot-rolled sheet in coating Z
U: Uncoated Z: Hot-dip galvanized ZE: Electrolytically galvanized
ZF: Galvannealed ZN: Electrolytically zinc-nickel coated
ZA: Zinc-aluminum coated GALFAN
KSP: Corrosion Protection Primer on ZE

AS: Hot-dip aluminized fal
TK Steel
Information on application and processing
Forming
Deep-drawing steels are suitable for a variety of forming operations. In conjunction with very
high elongation values they have a wide yield strength range from 140 to 250 MPa. For parti-
cularly difficult deep-drawn and stretch-formed parts such as side panels, oil pans and floor
panels, grades such as DC 06 are ideal owing to their outstanding forming properties. The choice
of steel grade must also take into account the anticipated forming stresses so that the individual
advantages of grades can be optimally exploited and the steels can be used for difficult drawing
operations. In deep-drawing, measured in terms of the limiting draw ratio, grades with greater
resistance to thinning, i. e. a high r-value, perform better. In a combination of stretch forming and
deep-drawing, steels with equally high r- and n-values offer advantages. This is particularly the
case with high-strength IF steels.
Joining
The most frequently used joining methods for deep-drawing steels are resistance and shield gas
welding. The preferred resistance welding processes in auto manufacture are spot welding, pro-
jection welding and roll seam welding. These processes are easy to automate, cause little surface
damage or component distortion and do not require weld fillers. Mechanical joining techniques,
adhesive bonding and laser beam welding are also being increasingly used. Hybrid joining
methods such as spot weld-bonding and mechanical joining with adhesives can improve structu-
ral stiffness and crash performance and prevent crevice corrosion, which is why they are gaining
importance in modern autobody manufacture. Given suitable choice of welding parameters in
resistance spot welding, deep-drawing steels can be reliably joined both to other deep-drawing
steels and to high-strength steels. Compared with high-strength steels of the same thickness,
the required electrode forces are smaller, meaning that the rigidity requirements for welding
tongs are lower. On the other hand, deep-drawing steels require higher welding currents than
high-strength steels due to their greater electrical conductivity. When resistance spot welding
coated sheets, the process parameters must be matched to the coating. With zinc and zinc alloy
coatings, the electrode forces, welding currents and welding times must be increased compared
with the uncoated base metal to compensate for narrowing of the weld window caused by the
coating. In addition to grade, surface and thickness combination, factors such as current
type (50 Hz/1000 Hz) and electrode geometry play an important role in determining the
optimum joining parameters. The illustration on the next page shows the relationship between
electrode geometry and welding range for a hot-dip coated deep-drawing steel by way of
example. The welding range can be significantly widened by choosing the right tip geometry.
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Fatigue strength and energy absorption (crash performance )
As the classifications show, deep-drawing steels are specified in terms of their formability. They
guarantee a minimum performance as regards crash behavior and fatigue strength and represent
the lower limit with regard to loadability (strength, crash resistance and fatigue strength).
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Effect of electrode tip geometry on welding current range for a DX 56 D +Z 100
Stress-strain curve for deep-drawing steel DC 06
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Available shapes and sizes
DC 04
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DC 05
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DC 06
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DC 07
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DX 53 D (Product selection, others on request)
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DX 55 D
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Delivery for hot rolled flat products is in accordance with EN 10111 and for cold rolled sheet in
accordance with EN 10130, EN 10131 and EN 10152 as well as EN 10327 and EN 10271.
Application example

Floor panel of DC 06
We are constantly updating our product informations. You can e-mail kiss@thyssenkrupp.com to request the latest version.
Authorized users of our KISS customer information and service system can also access the latest product overview at
http://kiss.thyssenkrupp-steel.com.
General Note:
All statements as to the properties or utilization of the materials and products mentioned in this brochure are for the purpose of description only.
Guarantees in respect of the existence of certain properties or utilization of the material mentioned valid are only if agreed upon in writing.
Subject to technical changes without notice. Reprints, even extracts, only with permission of ThyssenKrupp Steel AG.
ThyssenKrupp Steel AG
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse 100, 47166 Duisburg
Postal address: 47161 Duisburg
Telephone: +49 (0) 203 52-0, Telefax: +49 (0) 203 52-25102
E-Mail: info.steel@thyssenkrupp.com
www.thyssenkrupp-steel.com

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Division Auto Vertrieb/Engineering

KSP: Corrosion Protection Primer on ZE

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